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- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Peterson, A. Townsend, et al.
(författare)
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ENM2020 : A free online course and set of resources on modeling species niches and distributions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biodiversity Informatics. - : The University of Kansas. - 1546-9735. ; 17, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of distributional ecology has seen considerable recent attention, particularly surrounding the theory, protocols, and tools for Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) or Species Distribution Modeling (SDM). Such analyses have grown steadily over the past two decades-including a maturation of relevant theory and key concepts-but methodological consensus has yet to be reached. In response, and following an online course taught in Spanish in 2018, we designed a comprehensive English-language course covering much of the underlying theory and methods currently applied in this broad field. Here, we summarize that course, ENM2020, and provide links by which resources produced for it can be accessed into the future. ENM2020 lasted 43 weeks, with presentations from 52 instructors, who engaged with >2500 participants globally through >14,000 hours of viewing and >90,000 views of instructional video and question-and-answer sessions. Each major topic was introduced by an "Overview" talk, followed by more detailed lectures on subtopics. The hierarchical and modular format of the course permits updates, corrections, or alternative viewpoints, and generally facilitates revision and reuse, including the use of only the Overview lectures for introductory courses. All course materials are free and openly accessible (CC-BY license) to ensure these resources remain available to all interested in distributional ecology.
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- Lari, Giacomo M., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental and economic assessment of glycerol oxidation to dihydroxyacetone over technical iron zeolite catalysts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Reaction Chemistry and Engineering. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2058-9883. ; 1:1, s. 106-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gas-phase oxidation of glycerol over MFI-type iron zeolite catalysts comprises an attractive technology to prepare dihydroxyacetone with a high productivity, in contrast with the currently practiced biocatalytic system. Herein, we address two crucial aspects in view of a prospective industrial application, i.e., the development of the technical iron zeolite-based catalysts and the environmental and economic assessment of the process by life cycle analysis. Regarding the first task, we show that iron silicalite with the desired structural, acidic and catalytic properties can be prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at the kg-scale and using reagents meeting industrial safety, ecological and cost criteria. The design of suitable mm-sized bodies encompassed the use of shaping methods which minimise the introduction of additional acidity as well as iron clustering and migration from the zeolite to the binder phase. In this respect, silica outperforms kaolin as the binder, pelletisation and polyether-assisted extrusion are superior to water-based extrusion and the calcination and steam activation of the as-crystallised zeolite are preferably done after the forming step. The optimal technical catalyst displays equivalent activity, selectivity and stability to lab-scale pure iron silicalite powder in a 72 h test. From a life cycle perspective, all environmental indicators are drastically improved and the operating cost is halved using a chemocatalytic zeolite-based process for the preparation of high-purity dihydroxyacetone compared to the conventional enzymatic route. This is justified by the high atom economy of the transformation which reduces waste and by the minimisation of the energy input via heat integration and the use of less energy-intensive separation units to purify the substantially more concentrated outlet stream. Since the purity demand for the dihydroxyacetone feedstock to produce lactic acid is lower than that required in the cosmetic and polymer industries, a potential glycerol oxidation process for the former application has an even greater advantage in terms of greenness and cost.
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| 13. |
- Lari, Giacomo M., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental and economical perspectives of a glycerol biorefinery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy and Environmental Sciences. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 11:5, s. 1012-1029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycerol conversion into chemicals and fuel additives is pursued to valorise a burgeoning by-product in the bioenergy sector. To this aim, heterogeneous catalysts have been developed that enable, in many cases, efficient and green transformations. Still, the evaluation of the environmental and economic footprint that would be associated with their large-scale application has often been neglected, limiting their commercial attractiveness. Furthermore, the impact of integrating different glycerol upgrading routes within a biorefinery, which is highly instrumental to determine the effective sustainability and profitability of biodiesel production from vegetable oils, has not been assessed. Here, the manufacture of the most relevant chemical derivatives of glycerol is considered, i.e., lactic acid, acrylic acid, glycerol carbonate, propanediols, epichlorohydrin and allyl alcohol. State-of-the-art catalysts for each upgrading route are briefly reviewed. Based on their performances, processes are rigorously modelled and relevant indicators, the global warming potential, the cumulative energy demand and the operating costs, quantified by life-cycle analysis. Glycerol-based processes are generally found more attractive than the conventional technologies nowadays applied for the production of the same chemicals, among which the paths to lactic acid and glycerol carbonate are particularly promising. In addition, the process variables mostly contributing to the environmental and cost metrics are identified. Accordingly, future studies should target further optimisation mainly in relation to selectivity, solvent volatility, reactants ratio and catalyst stability. Finally, the processes are integrated simulating a prospective glycerol biorefinery and the advantages deriving from the exchange of heat between the different routes quantified. If the glycerol feed is split equally among all routes the CO 2 emissions and energy requirements are decreased by 15 and 32%, respectively, and the profit is increased by 5% as compared to the sum of the individual glycerol-based processes. In order to minimise the ecological impact of the biorefinery, glycerol should be rather divided in an 80:20 mass ratio among 1,2-propanediol and glycerol carbonate production, which are expected to have a significant market size. The innovative approach outlined in this work holds potential to guide both fundamental chemical research and process design in the development of CO 2 and other bio-refineries.
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- Nettis, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Augmentation therapy with minocycline in treatment-resistant depression patients with low-grade peripheral inflammation: results from a double-blind randomised clinical trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1740-634X. ; 46:5, s. 939-948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the role of baseline levels of peripheral inflammation when testing the efficacy of antidepressant augmentation with minocycline in patients with treatment-resistant depression. We conducted a 4-week, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial of minocycline (200 mg/day) added to antidepressant treatment in 39 patients selected for elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP ≥ 1 mg/L), n = 18 randomised to minocycline (M) and n = 21 to placebo (P). The main outcome was the change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) score from baseline to week 4, expressed both as mean and as full or partial response, in the overall sample and after further stratification for baseline CRP≥3 mg/L. Secondary outcomes included changes in other clinical and inflammatory measures. Changes in HAM-D-17 scores and the proportion of partial responders did not differ between study arms. After stratification for CRP levels <3 mg/L (CRP−) or ≥3 mg/L (CRP+), CRP+/M patients showed the largest changes in HAM-D-17 scores (mean ± SD = 12.00 ± 6.45) compared with CRP-/M (2.42 ± 3.20, p < 0.001), CRP+/P (3.50 ± 4.34, p = 0.003) and CRP−/P (2.11 ± 3.26, p = 0.006) patients, and the largest proportion (83.3%, p = 0.04) of partial treatment response at week 4. The threshold point for baseline CRP to distinguish responders from non-responders to minocycline was 2.8 mg/L. Responders to minocycline had higher baseline IL-6 concentrations than non-responders (p = 0.03); IFNγ was significantly reduced after treatment with minocycline compared with placebo (p = 0.03). Our data show some evidence of efficacy of add-on treatment with minocycline in MDD patients but only in those with low-grade inflammation defined as CRP ≥3 mg/L.
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| 19. |
- Nettis, MA, et al.
(författare)
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PET imaging shows no changes in TSPO brain density after IFN-α immune challenge in healthy human volunteers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 10:1, s. 89-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is associated with peripheral inflammation, but its link with brain microglial activity remains unclear. In seven healthy males, we used repeated translocator protein-Positron Emission Tomography (TSPO-PET) dynamic scans with [11C]PBR28 to image brain microglial activation before and 24 h after the immune challenge interferon (IFN)-α. We also investigated the association between changes in peripheral inflammation, changes in microglial activity, and changes in mood. IFN-α administration decreased [11C]PBR28 PET tissue volume of distribution (Vt) across the brain (−20 ± 4%; t6 = 4.1, p = 0.01), but after correction for radioligand free-plasma fraction there were no longer any changes (+23 ± 31%; t = 0.1, p = 0.91). IFN-α increased serum IL-6 (1826 ± 513%, t6 = −7.5, p < 0.001), IL-7 (39 ± 12%, t6 = −3.6, p = 0.01), IL-10 (328 ± 48%, t6 = −12.8, p < 0.001), and IFN-γ (272 ± 64%, t6 = −7.0, p < 0.001) at 4–6 h, and increased serum TNF-α (49 ± 7.6%, t6 = −7.5, p < 0.001), IL-8 (39 ± 12%, t6 = −3.5, p = 0.013), and C-reactive protein (1320 ± 459%, t6 = −7.2, p < 0.001) at 24 h. IFN-α induced temporary mood changes and sickness symptoms after 4–6 h, measured as an increase in POMS-2 total mood score, confusion and fatigue, and a decrease in vigor and friendliness (all p ≤ 0.04). No association was found between changes in peripheral inflammation and changes in PET or mood measures. Our work suggests that brain TSPO-PET signal is highly dependent of inflammation-induced changes in ligand binding to plasma proteins. This limits its usefulness as a sensitive marker of neuroinflammation and consequently, data interpretation. Thus, our results can be interpreted as showing either that [11C]PBR28 is not sensitive enough under these conditions, or that there is simply no microglial activation in this model.
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