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Sökning: WFRF:(Morad S)

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1.
  • Driscoll, T, et al. (författare)
  • Global and regional burden of disease and injury in 2016 arising from occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 77:3, s. 133-141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study provides an overview of the influence of occupational risk factors on the global burden of disease as estimated by the occupational component of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2016 study.MethodsThe GBD 2016 study estimated the burden in terms of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) arising from the effects of occupational risk factors (carcinogens; asthmagens; particulate matter, gases and fumes (PMGF); secondhand smoke (SHS); noise; ergonomic risk factors for low back pain; risk factors for injury). A population attributable fraction (PAF) approach was used for most risk factors.ResultsIn 2016, globally, an estimated 1.53 (95% uncertainty interval 1.39–1.68) million deaths and 76.1 (66.3–86.3) million DALYs were attributable to the included occupational risk factors, accounting for 2.8% of deaths and 3.2% of DALYs from all causes. Most deaths were attributable to PMGF, carcinogens (particularly asbestos), injury risk factors and SHS. Most DALYs were attributable to injury risk factors and ergonomic exposures. Men and persons 55 years or older were most affected. PAFs ranged from 26.8% for low back pain from ergonomic risk factors and 19.6% for hearing loss from noise to 3.4% for carcinogens. DALYs per capita were highest in Oceania, Southeast Asia and Central sub-Saharan Africa. On a per capita basis, between 1990 and 2016 there was an overall decrease of about 31% in deaths and 25% in DALYs.ConclusionsOccupational exposures continue to cause an important health burden worldwide, justifying the need for ongoing prevention and control initiatives.
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  • Sloot, Frea, et al. (författare)
  • Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 22:2, s. 55-64
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To examine the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe. Methods: Themes for comparison of screening programmes derived from literature were used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing, and public health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age, and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, and costs most. Questionnaires were sent to ophthalmologists, orthoptists, otolaryngologists, and audiologists involved in paediatric screening in all EU full-member, candidate, and associate states. Answers were cross-checked. Results: Thirty-nine countries participated; 35 have a vision screening programme, 33 a nation-wide neonatal hearing screening programme. Visual acuity (VA) is measured in 35 countries, in 71% of these more than once. First measurement of VA varies from three to seven years of age, but is usually before age five. At age three and four, picture charts, including Lea Hyvarinen, are used most; in children over four, Tumbling-E and Snellen. As first hearing screening test, otoacoustic emission is used most in healthy neonates, and auditory brainstem response in premature newborns. The majority of hearing testing programmes are staged; children are referred after 1–4 abnormal tests. Vision screening is performed mostly by paediatricians, ophthalmologists, or nurses. Funding is mostly by health insurance or state. Coverage was reported as >95% in half of countries, but reporting was often not first-hand. Conclusion: Largest differences were found in VA charts used (12), professions involved in vision screening (10), number of hearing screening tests before referral (1–4), and funding sources (8).
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  • Fontana, S., et al. (författare)
  • Diagenesis of the Khuff Formation (Permian-Triassic), Northern United Arab Emirates
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Lithosphere Dynamics and Sedimentary Basins. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642292781 ; , s. 203-220
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This diagenetic study (including fieldwork, pétrographie, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope investigations) deals with the outcrop of Upper Permian-Lower Triassic carbonate rocks, which are equivalent to the Khuff Formation. The studied succession, which outcrops in the Ras A1 Khaimah region, northern United Arab Emirates, comprises three formations, including the Bih, the Hagil, and the Ghail formations. The study focuses on unraveling the conditions and fluid compositions encountered during diagenesis of the succession. Emphasize is also made on linking diagenesis to major stratigraphie surfaces and to highlight reservoir property evolution and heterogeneity of the studied. The evolution of fluids and related diagenetic products can be summarized as follows: (1) formation of near-surface to shallow burial, fine-crystalline dolomite (dolomite matrix) through pervasive dolomitization of carbonate sediments by modified marine pore waters; (2) formation of coarse- crystalline dolomite cement by highly evolved marine pore waters (13-23 wt.% NaCl eq.) at elevated temperatures (120-208°C), and (3) calcite cementation by highly saline fluid (20-23 wt.% NaCl eq.) at high temperature (170-212°C). A final calcite cement generation has been formed by the percolation of meteoric fluids during uplift. Fracture- and vug-filling diagenetic minerals are mainly restricted to the mid-Bih breccia marker level, suggesting preferential focused fluid flow through specific stratigraphie surfaces as well as along tectonic-related structures. Reservoir properties have been evolved as result of the interplay of the original sedimentary texture and the diagenetic evolution. Porosity is higher in the Bih Formation, which is dominated by dolomitized packstones and grainstones, than in the Hagil and Ghail formations, consisting mainly of dolomitized mudstones and wackestones. Image analyses were used to quantify the visual porosity in thin sections. The highest porosity values were measured in the Bih Formation, which is characterized by significant amounts of vug- and fracture-filling cements. This feature is attributed to the increase of porosity owing to substantial dissolution of abundant intergranular and vug-filling cements. In contrast, the Hagil and Ghail formations, which consist of finer-grained rock than the Bih Formation, were less cemented, and thus, the porosity enhancement by cement dissolution was insignificant.
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  • fontana, S., et al. (författare)
  • Diagenesis of the Khuff Formation (Permian-Triassic), northern United Arab Emirates
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 3:4, s. 351-368
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This diagenetic study (including fieldwork, petrographic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope investigations) deals with the outcrop of Upper Permian-Lower Triassic carbonate rocks, which are equivalent to the Khuff Formation. The studied succession, which outcrops in the Ras Al Khaimah region, northern United Arab Emirates, comprises three formations, including the Bih, the Hagil, and the Ghail formations. The study focuses on unraveling the conditions and fluid compositions encountered during diagenesis of the succession. Emphasize is also made on linking diagenesis to major stratigraphic surfaces and to highlight reservoir property evolution and heterogeneity of the studied rocks. The evolution of fluids and related diagenetic products can be summarized as follows: (1) formation of near-surface to shallow burial, fine-crystalline dolomite (dolomite matrix) through pervasive dolomitization of carbonate sediments by modified marine pore waters; (2) formation of coarse-crystalline dolomite cement by highly evolved marine pore waters (13-23 wt.% NaCl eq.) at elevated temperatures (120-208A degrees C), and (3) calcite cementation by highly saline fluid (20-23 wt.% NaCl eq.) at high temperature (170-212A degrees C). A final calcite cement generation has been formed by the percolation of meteoric fluids during uplift. Fracture- and vug-filling diagenetic minerals are mainly restricted to the mid-Bih breccia marker level, suggesting preferential focused fluid flow through specific stratigraphic surfaces as well as along tectonic-related structures. Reservoir properties have been evolved as result of the interplay of the original sedimentary texture and the diagenetic evolution. Porosity is higher in the Bih Formation, which is dominated by dolomitized packstones and grainstones, than in the Hagil and Ghail formations, consisting mainly of dolomitized mudstones and wackestones. Image analyses were used to quantify the visual porosity in thin sections. The highest porosity values were measured in the Bih Formation, which is characterized by significant amounts of vug- and fracture-filling cements. This feature is attributed to the increase of porosity owing to substantial dissolution of abundant intergranular and vug-filling cements. In contrast, the Hagil and Ghail formations, which consist of finer-grained rock than the Bih Formation, were less cemented, and thus, the porosity enhancement by cement dissolution was insignificant.
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  • Khalifa, Muftah A., et al. (författare)
  • QUARTZ AND Fe-DOLOMITE CEMENTS RECORD SHIFTS IN FORMATION-WATER CHEMISTRY AND HYDROCARBON MIGRATION IN DEVONIAN SHOREFACE SANDSTONES, GHADAMIS BASIN, LIBYA
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Sedimentary Research. - : SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY. - 1527-1404 .- 1938-3681. ; 88:1, s. 38-57
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cementation by quartz overgrowths and subsequently by carbonates is a very common global paragenetic phenomenon in sandstones of many basins that is poorly constrained in the literature. Integrated petrography, electron microprobe, stable isotopes, fluid inclusion microthermometry, and Raman spectroscopy have helped unravel the diagenetic conditions, fluid flow, and hydrocarbon migration during the development of quartz overgrowths and later Fe-dolomite cement in the Devonian shoreface sandstones (oil and gas reservoirs), Ghadamis Basin, NW Libya. The high homogenization temperatures of Fe-dolomite (Th = 119 to 140 degrees C) together with its low delta(18) OVPDB values (-17.6% to -13.2%) and saddle-crystal morphology suggest the flux of hot basinal brines. The fluid-inclusion microthermometry shows a shift from NaCl-dominated brines during quartz cementation (16.0 to 17.3 wt.% NaCl eq.) to NaCl and CaCl2-dominated brines during Fe-dolomite cementation (15.6 to 18.4 wt.% NaCl eq.). The latter brines probably circulated through overlying Mesozoic carbonate and evaporite strata before descending deep into the basin. The similarity in T-h ranges for Fe-dolomite and quartz overgrowths, despite the shift in formationwater chemistry suggests precipitation under similar geothermal conditions. The presence of oil-filled inclusions in quartz overgrowths suggests that cementation occurred during oil migration, whereas the presence of methane in inclusions in the Fe-dolomite cement suggests precipitation during gas migration. This study shows that fluid inclusion microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy of the widespread paragenetic sequence of quartz overgrowths followed by carbonate cement are crucial to unravel changes in formation-water chemistry and fluid (including hydrocarbon) migration in sedimentary basins.
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  • Morad, S., et al. (författare)
  • Vein calcite in Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs of Abu Dhabi: Record of fluid flow
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Geochemical Exploration. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-6742 .- 1879-1689. ; 106:1-3, s. 156-170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Petrographic, geochemical analyses (major, trace and rare-earth elements and C, O- and Sr-isotopes), and fluid-inclusion microthermometry study of vein calcites in primarily Cretaceous reservoir carbonate rocks in oilfields from Abu Dhabi, UAE, helped to unravel the formation conditions and origin of diagenetic fluids.The vein calcites have diverse crystal shapes (equant blocky, bladed and fibrous) and sizes (up to 3 cm across) and display complex cross-cutting relationships. These calcites display a wide range of stable carbon (δ13CV-PDB = − 11.1‰ to + 9.6‰) and oxygen (δ18OV-PDB = − 12.7‰ to − 2.3‰) isotopic compositions, indicating formation under diverse geological conditions. The oxygen isotopic composition suggests that the precipitation of vein calcites occurred at temperatures of ca. 30–100 °C assuming that the fluids had δ18OV-SMOW values of marine pore waters which evolved to basinal brines (i.e. − 1.2‰ and + 2‰, respectively). These inferred temperatures corroborate the fluid-inclusion microthermometry, which revealed a predominantly single, whole liquid phase that suggests entrapment temperature less than ca. 50 °C. A few two-phase fluid inclusions in equant and bladed calcite indicate precipitation at ca. 68–100 °C and salinity of ca. 3.9–10.1 wt.% equivalent NaCl).The carbon isotopic signatures suggest derivation of dissolved carbon from the host marine carbonates and, less commonly, from the degradation of organic matter by methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The diverse sources of carbon coupled with the inferred wide range of precipitation temperatures presumably account for the lack of correlation between the carbon and oxygen isotopes. The derivation of dissolved carbon mainly from the host rocks is in good agreement with the marine Sr isotopic ratios of these calcites (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70744 to 0.70766). Rare-earth element patterns suggest significant fluid interaction with upper continental crustal rocks as evidenced by negative Eu anomalies and LREE-enriched patterns.
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  • Concepcion Gil-Rodriguez, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • De Novo Heterozygous Mutations in SMC3 Cause a Range of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome-Overlapping Phenotypes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 36:4, s. 454-462
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is characterized by facial dysmorphism, growth failure, intellectual disability, limb malformations, and multiple organ involvement. Mutations in five genes, encoding subunits of the cohesin complex (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) and its regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8), account for at least 70% of patients with CdLS or CdLS-like phenotypes. To date, only the clinical features from a single CdLS patient with SMC3 mutation has been published. Here, we report the efforts of an international research and clinical collaboration to provide clinical comparison of 16 patients with CdLS-like features caused by mutations in SMC3. Modeling of the mutation effects on protein structure suggests a dominant-negative effect on the multimeric cohesin complex. When compared with typical CdLS, many SMC3-associated phenotypes are also characterized by postnatal microcephaly but with a less distinctive craniofacial appearance, a milder prenatal growth retardation that worsens in childhood, few congenital heart defects, and an absence of limb deficiencies. While most mutations are unique, two unrelated affected individuals shared the same mutation but presented with different phenotypes. This work confirms that de novo SMC3 mutations account for approximate to 1%-2% of CdLS-like phenotypes.
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  • El Ouardi, Youssef, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainable composite material based on glutenin biopolymeric-clay for efficient separation of rare earth elements
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 440
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rare earth metals (REEs) are crucial for modern industries and technological development. Their extraction from non-renewable primary sources has almost reached its threshold due to excessive global demand. An effectual approach for REEs recovery is recycling secondary sources governed by separation materials. In this work, a novel glutenin-based Na-bentonite (Gle@Na_Bex:y) composite was produced via the in-situ hydrothermal route followed by a subsequent freeze-drying process. Additionally, a possible production route for the composites was proposed. The novel Gle@Na_Bex:y composites were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and zeta potential (ZP) measurements. FTIR results complemented with SEM images and XRD measurements confirmed the successful incorporation of glutenin into the Na-bentonite clay. The separation of REEs from aqueous solution was used as a model system to demonstrate the material’s ability for selective metal recovery. The best conditions (T, pH, time) for REE sorption were assessed using equilibrium batch adsorption experiments. The kinetics of REE adsorption were effectively explained by a pseudo-second-order model; all the adsorption equilibrium data followed the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic investigations revealed that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous, and the adsorption of REEs occurred through a chemisorption process. The sorption mechanism of REE ions was investigated using molecular modelling. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing Gle@Na_Be50:50 composite as an efficient material for REEs removal. The maximum adsorption capacities of Y3+, La3+, and Nd3+ achieved with Gle@Na_Be50:50, were 76.87, 56.71, and 74.61 mg/g, respectively. This work offers a new route for engineering, valuable composite materials for the separation of REEs from diverse sources.
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  • Forslund, Sofia K., et al. (författare)
  • Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7889, s. 500-505
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1–5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
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  • Goldberg, K., et al. (författare)
  • Diagenesis of Paleozoic playa-lake and ephemeral-stream deposits from the Pimenta Bueno Formation, Siluro-Devonian (?) of the Parecis Basin, central Brazil
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of South American Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-9811 .- 1873-0647. ; 32:1, s. 58-74
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Parecis Basin is a large intracratonic rift located in central Brazil and filled with Paleozoic carbonate, evaporite and siliciclastic sediments. The occurrence of gas seeps has recently attracted significant exploration interest by the Brazilian petroleum agency and by Petrobras. The continuously cored PB-01-RO well provided the first opportunity to study the depositional environments, diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon potential of the largely unknown sedimentary successions of the Parecis Basin. The cored lithologies, belonging to the Siluro-Devonian (?) Pimenta Bueno Formation, are interpreted as deposited in playa-lake and ephemeral-stream environments. The deposits display a strong fades control on the diagenetic mineral assemblages and evolution. Diagenetic minerals in the ephemeral-stream deposits include eogenetic hematite and smectitic clay coats and quartz cement, and the mesogenetic process includes precipitation of sulfates (anhydrite and barite) and carbonates (calcite, dolomite and kutnahorite-ankerite-huntite), followed by partial dissolution of these carbonates and sulfates, and of feldspar grains. Telogenetic processes include the precipitation of hematite and kaolinite within secondary pores, and the replacement of anhydrite by gypsum. A second burial phase and mesodiagenesis is indicated by the precipitation of discrete K-feldspar crystals within moldic pores after dissolved feld-spars, and by the illitization of etched, telogenetic kaolinite. The playa-lake deposits show early diagenetic dolomitization of lime mud, precipitation of anhydrite nodules and extensive silicification. The anhydrite nodules were replaced by gypsum and chalcedony during telodiagenesis. Potential source rocks are locally represented by organic shales. The fluvial sandstones show fair reservoir quality and limited compaction, as indicated by their intergranular volume, suggesting that the succession has undergone moderate burial. Potential seals for hydrocarbon accumulations are provided by the evaporites and playa-lake mudstones. The presence of an active petroleum system in the basin, as indicated by the gas seeps, suggests a good hydrocarbon exploration potential for the Parecis Basin, gas and stresses the importance of studying the depositional and diagenetic evolution of its sedimentary successions.
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  • Luo, J.L, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of diagenesis on reservoir-quality evolution in fluvial and lacustrine-deltaic sandstones: evidence from Jurassic and Triassic sandstones from the Ordos Basin, China
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Petroleum Geology. - : Wiley. - 0141-6421 .- 1747-5457. ; 32:1, s. 79-102
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The reservoir quality of Jurassic and Triassic fluvial and   lacustrine-deltaic sandstones in the intracratonic Ordos Basin is strongly influenced by depositional facies and various types of   diagenetic modifications. The fluvial sandstones have higher average He-porosity and permeability (14.8% and 12.7 mD, respectively) than the deltaic sandstones (9.8% and 5.8 mD, respectively). In addition to extensive mechanical compaction, eodiagenesis (220-97 Ma; depth < 2000 m; T < 70 degrees C) has resulted in dissolution and kaolinitization of detrital silicates in the Jurassic fluvial sandstones, and in smectite infiltration and minor cementation by calcite and siderite in the Triassic fluvial and deltaic sandstones. Pervasive eogenetic carbonate cementation (> 20 vol.%) occurred in Triassic deltaic siltstones and very fine-grained sandstones which are closely associated with organic-rich mudstones. Mesodiagenesis (97-65 Ma), which occurred during rapid subsidence to depths of 3700-4400 m, resulted in the albitization of plagioclase, checmical compaction, the conversion of   kaolinite into dickite, and cementation by quartz overgrowths, chlorite, illite, ankerite (delta C-13(VPDB) = -2.4 parts per thousand to +2.6 parts per thousand; delta O-18(VPDB) = -21.5 parts per thousand to -10 parts per thousand) and calcite (delta C-13(VPDB) = -4.7 parts   per thousand to +3.7 parts per thousand; delta O-18(VPDB) = -21.8 parts per thousand to -13.4 parts per thousand). Oil emplacement (95 Ma) retarded cementation by mesogenetic quartz and carbonate but had little influence on dickite, illite and chlorite formation. Retardation of quartz cementation was also due to the presence of chlorite fringes around detrital quartz grains. Dickitization of eogenetic kaolinite together with the short residence time at maximum burial temperatures (105-124 degrees C) has retarded the albitization of K-feldspars and illite formation and hence prevented severe permeability destruction.   Telodiagenesis, which occurred after uplift (Eocene to end-Neogene), caused slight dissolution and kaolinitization of feldspars. This study demonstrates that despite complex patterns of diagenetic modifications in the Triassic and Jurassic successions, depositional   porosity and permeability are better preserved in fluvial meandering channel sandstones than in deltaic sandstones. These results should be important for modelling of reservoir-quality distribution and exploration risk evaluation in the basin.
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