| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Gerkin, RC, et al.
(författare)
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The best COVID-19 predictor is recent smell loss: a cross-sectional study
- 2020
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Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundCOVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19.MethodsThis preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified singular and cumulative predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery.ResultsBoth C19+ and C19-groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both single and cumulative feature models (ROC AUC=0.72), with additional features providing negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms, such as fever or cough. Olfactory recovery within 40 days was reported for ∼50% of participants and was best predicted by time since illness onset.ConclusionsAs smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19, we developed the ODoR-19 tool, a 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss. Numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4<OR<10), which can be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kersten, CM, et al.
(författare)
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The Management of Asymptomatic Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation: Results of a European Delphi Survey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Children (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9067. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consensus on the optimal management of asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is lacking, and comparison between studies remains difficult due to a large variety in outcome measures. We aimed to define a core outcome set (COS) for pediatric patients with an asymptomatic CPAM. An online, three-round Delphi survey was conducted in two stakeholder groups of specialized caregivers (surgeons and non-surgeons) in various European centers. Proposed outcome parameters were scored according to level of importance, and the final COS was established through consensus. A total of 55 participants (33 surgeons, 22 non-surgeons) from 28 centers in 13 European countries completed the three rounds and rated 43 outcome parameters. The final COS comprises seven outcome parameters: respiratory insufficiency, surgical complications, mass effect/mediastinal shift (at three time-points) and multifocal disease (at two time-points). The seven outcome parameters included in the final COS reflect the diversity in priorities among this large group of European participants. However, we recommend the incorporation of these outcome parameters in the design of future studies, as they describe measurable and validated outcomes as well as the accepted age at measurement.
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| 6. |
- Ferri, F., et al.
(författare)
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The Propensity of the Human Liver to Form Large Lipid Droplets Is Associated with PNPLA3 Polymorphism, Reduced INSIG1 and NPC1L1 Expression and Increased Fibrogenetic Capacity
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nonalcoholic steatohepatitis animal models, an increased lipid droplet size in hepatocytes is associated with fibrogenesis. Hepatocytes with large droplet (Ld-MaS) or small droplet (Sd-MaS) macrovesicular steatosis may coexist in the human liver, but the factors associated with the predominance of one type over the other, including hepatic fibrogenic capacity, are unknown. In pre-ischemic liver biopsies from 225 consecutive liver transplant donors, we retrospectively counted hepatocytes with Ld-MaS and Sd-MaS and defined the predominant type of steatosis as involving >= 50% of steatotic hepatocytes. We analyzed a donor Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism, hepatic expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism by RT-PCR, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation by alpha-SMA immunohistochemistry and, one year after transplantation, histological progression of fibrosis due to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) recurrence. Seventy-four livers had no steatosis, and there were 98 and 53 with predominant Ld-MaS and Sd-MaS, respectively. In linear regression models, adjusted for many donor variables, the percentage of steatotic hepatocytes affected by Ld-MaS was inversely associated with hepatic expression of Insulin Induced Gene 1 (INSIG-1) and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 gene (NPC1L1) and directly with donor PNPLA3 variant M, HSC activation and progression of post-transplant fibrosis. In humans, Ld-MaS formation by hepatocytes is associated with abnormal PNPLA3-mediated lipolysis, downregulation of both the intracellular cholesterol sensor and cholesterol reabsorption from bile and increased hepatic fibrogenesis.
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| 7. |
- Parma, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 45:7, s. 609-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19–79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (−79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (−69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (−37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
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| 8. |
- Garreton, M., et al.
(författare)
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Data Stories of Water : Studying the Communicative Role of Data Visualizations within Long-form Journalism
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computer graphics forum (Print). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0167-7055 .- 1467-8659. ; 42:3, s. 99-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a methodology for making sense of the communicative role of data visualizations in journalistic storytelling and share findings from surveying water-related data stories. Data stories are a genre of long-form journalism that integrate text, data visualization, and other visual expressions (e.g., photographs, illustrations, videos) for the purpose of data-driven storytelling. In the last decade, a considerable number of data stories about a wide range of topics have been published worldwide. Authors use a variety of techniques to make complex phenomena comprehensible and use visualizations as communicative devices that shape the understanding of a given topic. Despite the popularity of data stories, we, as scholars, still lack a methodological framework for assessing the communicative role of visualizations in data stories. To this extent, we draw from data journalism, visual culture, and multimodality studies to propose an interpretative framework in six stages. The process begins with the analysis of content blocks and framing elements and ends with the identification of dimensions, patterns, and relationships between textual and visual elements. The framework is put to the test by analyzing 17 data stories about water-related issues. Our observations from the survey illustrate how data visualizations can shape the framing of complex topics.
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| 9. |
- Gerkin, Richard C., et al.
(författare)
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Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
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| 10. |
- Chotiwan, Nunya, et al.
(författare)
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Type I interferon shapes brain distribution and tropism of tick-borne flavivirus
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral tropism within the brain and the role(s) of vertebrate immune response to neurotropic flaviviruses infection is largely understudied. We combine multimodal imaging (cm-nm scale) with single nuclei RNA-sequencing to study Langat virus in wildtype and interferon alpha/beta receptor knockout (Ifnar-/-) mice to visualize viral pathogenesis and define molecular mechanisms. Whole brain viral infection is imaged by Optical Projection Tomography coregistered to ex vivo MRI. Infection is limited to grey matter of sensory systems in wildtype mice, but extends into white matter, meninges and choroid plexus in Ifnar-/- mice. Cells in wildtype display strong type I and II IFN responses, likely due to Ifnb expressing astrocytes, infiltration of macrophages and Ifng-expressing CD8+ NK cells, whereas in Ifnar-/-, the absence of this response contributes to a shift in cellular tropism towards non-activated resident microglia. Multimodal imaging-transcriptomics exemplifies a powerful way to characterize mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and tropism.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Deniel, L., et al.
(författare)
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DAC-less PAM-4 generation in the O-band using a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator
- 2019
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : OSA - The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 27:7, s. 9740-9748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate 20-Gb/s 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal generation using a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) in the O-band. The modulator is driven by two independent binary streams, and the PAM-4 signal is thus generated directly on the chip, avoiding the use of power-hungry digital-to-analog converters (DACs). With optimized amplitude levels of the binary signals applied to the two arms of the MZM, a pre-forward error correction (FEC) bit-error rate (BER) as low as 7.6 × 10 −7 is obtained. In comparison with a commercially available LiNbO 3 modulator, the penalty is only 2 dB at the KP4 FEC threshold of 2.2 × 10 −4
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| 13. |
- Deniel, L., et al.
(författare)
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Generation of O-band PAM-4 signal using a silicon modulator driven by two binary sequences
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 9781510624887
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon photonics is a promising solution for next generation of short-range optical communication systems. Silicon modulators have driven an important research activity over the past years, and many transmission links using on-off keying modulation format (OOK) were successfully demonstrated with a large diversity of modulator structures. In order to keep up with the demand of increasing bitrates for limited bandwidths in Datacom applications, higher modulation formats are explored, such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4). However, driving the modulators to generate PAM-4 signals commonly require expensive and power-hungry electronic devices such as digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for pulse-shaping and digital signal processors (DSP) for nonlinearity compensation. Lastly, new solutions were studied to overcome this issue, including new driving methods based on the use of two different input binary sequences applied directly on the modulator. While most of the reported works are focused on the C-band of communication, the O-band can present a definitive advantage due to the low dispersion of standard single-mode (SSMF) fiber. For those reasons, we demonstrate the generation of a 10-Gbaud DAC-less PAM-4 signal in the O-band using a depletion-based silicon traveling wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (TWMZM). An open eye diagram was obtained, and a bit error rate (BER) of 3.8×10 -3 was measured for a received optical power of about-6 dBm.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Marzi, E., et al.
(författare)
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Power-to-Gas for energy system flexibility under uncertainty in demand, production and price
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing penetration of non-programmable renewable energy sources and the consequent fluctuations in energy prices and availability lead to the need to enhance energy system flexibility and synergies between different energy vectors. This can be reached through sector integration. Among the most relevant technologies used for this purpose, Power-to-Gas systems allow excess renewable electricity to be converted directly into fuels that can be then stored or used. A smart energy system, however, which includes these innovative solutions, requires intelligent management methods to optimize its operation. This work investigates the operational strategy of energy systems integrated with Power-to-Gas solutions for seasonal storage, by developing an optimization model for the system, formulated as Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem. The algorithm tackles the uncertain nature of future disturbances, such as energy needs, generation and price using two-stage stochastic programming. The algorithm is tested on grid-connected and 100% renewable energy supply case studies. The novel stochastic algorithm allows a more robust optimization compared to a deterministic optimization, and system management is ensured under several future disturbances realization. Furthermore, the integration of Power-to-Gas solutions warrants the energy security of the energy systems and acts as a buffer to forestall unpredictable behavior of the disturbances.
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| 17. |
- Morini, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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From Shock to Shift : Data Visualization for Constructive Climate Journalism
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. - : IEEE. - 1077-2626 .- 1941-0506. ; 30:1, s. 1413-1423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a multi-dimensional, multi-level, and multi-channel approach to data visualization for the purpose of constructive climate journalism. Data visualization has assumed a central role in environmental journalism and is often used in data stories to convey the dramatic consequences of climate change and other ecological crises. However, the emphasis on the catastrophic impacts of climate change tends to induce feelings of fear, anxiety, and apathy in readers. Climate mitigation, adaptation, and protection-all highly urgent in the face of the climate crisis-are at risk of being overlooked. These topics are more difficult to communicate as they are hard to convey on varying levels of locality, involve multiple interconnected sectors, and need to be mediated across various channels from the printed newspaper to social media platforms. So far, there has been little research on data visualization to enhance affective engagement with data about climate protection as part of solution-oriented reporting of climate change. With this research we characterize the unique challenges of constructive climate journalism for data visualization and share findings from a research and design study in collaboration with a national newspaper in Germany. Using the affordances and aesthetics of travel postcards, we present Klimakarten, a data journalism project on the progress of climate protection at multiple spatial scales (from national to local), across five key sectors (agriculture, buildings, energy, mobility, and waste), and for print and online use. The findings from quantitative and qualitative analysis of reader feedback confirm our overall approach and suggest implications for future work.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Willekens, Stefanie M. A., et al.
(författare)
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An MR-based brain template and atlas for optical projection tomography and light sheet fluorescence microscopy in neuroscience
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) are high resolution optical imaging techniques, ideally suited for ex vivo 3D whole mouse brain imaging. Although they exhibit high specificity for their targets, the anatomical detail provided by tissue autofluorescence remains limited.Methods: T1-weighted images were acquired from 19 BABB or DBE cleared brains to create an MR template using serial longitudinal registration. Afterwards, fluorescent OPT and LSFM images were coregistered/normalized to the MR template to create fusion images.Results: Volumetric calculations revealed a significant difference between BABB and DBE cleared brains, leading to develop two optimized templates, with associated tissue priors and brain atlas, for BABB (OCUM) and DBE (iOCUM). By creating fusion images, we identified virus infected brain regions, mapped dopamine transporter and translocator protein expression, and traced innervation from the eye along the optic tract to the thalamus and superior colliculus using cholera toxin B. Fusion images allowed for precise anatomical identification of fluorescent signal in the detailed anatomical context provided by MR.Discussion: The possibility to anatomically map fluorescent signals on magnetic resonance (MR) images, widely used in clinical and preclinical neuroscience, would greatly benefit applications of optical imaging of mouse brain. These specific MR templates for cleared brains enable a broad range of neuroscientific applications integrating 3D optical brain imaging.
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| 20. |
- Willekens, Stefanie M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Optically Cleared Umeå brain template : An MR-based brain template and atlas for optical projection and light sheet fluorescence microscopy
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Optical projection tomography (OPT) and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) are high-resolution optical imaging techniques operating in the mm-cm range, ideally suited forex vivo3D whole mouse brain imaging. Although these techniques exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for antibody-labeled targets, the provided anatomical information remains limited. To allow anatomical mapping of fluorescent signal in whole brain, we developed a novel magnetic resonance (MR) – based template with its associated tissue priors and atlas labels, specifically designed for brains subjected to tissue processing protocols required for 3D optical imaging. We investigated the effect of tissue pre-processing and clearing on brain size and morphology and developed optimized templates for BABB/Murrays clear (OCUM) and DBE/iDISCO (iOCUM) cleared brains. By creating optical-(i)OCUM fusion images using our mapping procedure, we localized dopamine transporter and translocator protein expression and tracer innervation from the eye to the lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus and superior colliculus. These fusion images allowed for precise anatomical identification of fluorescent signal in discrete brain areas. As such, these templates enable applications in a broad range of research areas integrating optical 3D brain imaging by providing an MR template for cleared brains.
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