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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Morse Anthony) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Morse Anthony)

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2.
  • Cherniack, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Syndromes from segmental vibration and nerve entrapment : observations on case definitions for carpal tunnel syndrome
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin : Springer-Vlg. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 81:5, s. 661-669
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to assess the overlap and stability of two different case definitions of carpal tunnel syndrome CTS. The analysis considers the association between different case definitions and objective tests (sensory nerve conduction velocities, SNCVs and vibrotactile perception thresholds, TTS), and the natural history of CTS, in the context of two vibration-exposed cohorts. Methods: Clinical CTS cases were defined in two ways: (1) by the study physician using fixed criteria, and; (2) by questionnaire and hand diagram. SNCV in median and ulnar nerves was measured for digital, transpalmar, and transcarpal segments, and conventionally as from wrist-digit. Skin temperature was assessed as a point measurement by thermistor and regionally by thermal imaging. VTTs were determined at the bilateral fingertips of the third and fifth digits using a tactometer meeting the requirements of ISO 13091-1 (ISO 2001). The subjects were cohorts of shipyard workers in 2001 and 2004, and dental hygienists in 2002 and 2004. Results: Results are reported for 214 shipyard workers in 2001 and 135 in 2004, and for 94 dental hygienists in 2002 and 66 in 2004. In 2001, 50% of shipyard workers were diagnosed as CTS cases by at least one of the diagnostic schemes, but only 20% were positive by both criteria. Among study physician diagnosed cases, 64% were CTS negative in 2001, 76% were negative in 2004, 13% were positive in both years, 22% became negative after being positive, and 11% became positive after being negative. For only study physician diagnosed CTS did VTTs differ between cases differ and non-cases in digit 3; there was no such distinction in digit 5. The dental hygienists had little CTS. Conclusion: Clinical case definitions of CTS based on diagrams and self-assessment, and clinical evaluation have limited overlap. Combining clinical criteria to create a more narrow or specific case definition of CTS does not appear to predict SNCV. The natural history of CTS suggests a protean disorder with considerable flux in case status over time.
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  • Cherniack, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of different warming methods on sensory nerve conduction velocity in shipyard workers occupationally exposed to hand-arm vibration.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 81:8, s. 1045-58
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Segmental sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) was measured from the wrists to the hands and digits in a population of 134 (126 men and 8 women) vibration-exposed shipyard workers following systemic warming using a bicycle ergometer. Results were compared to earlier nerve conduction tests, identical in execution, except that the warming process was segmental and cutaneous. The study was designed to investigate whether SNCVs, which were selectively slow in the fingers after segmental cutaneous (skin surface) warming, would be affected differently by systemic warming. METHODS: Wrist-palm, palm-proximal digit, and digital sensory nerve segments were assessed antidromically by stimulating at the wrist with recording electrodes placed distally. The same subjects were cutaneously warmed in 2001 to >or=31 degrees C and were systemically warmed 28 months later in 2004 by ramped sustained exercise to 100 W for 12 min. Skin temperatures were measured by traditional thermistry and by infrared thermal images taken over the hand and wrist surfaces. RESULTS: When systemic warming was compared to segmental cutaneous warming, SNCVs were increased by 15.1% in the third digit and 20.4% in the fifth digit of the dominant hand. Respective increases in the non-dominant hand were 11.0% and 19.4%. A strong association between increased surface skin temperature and faster SNCV, which had been observed after segmental cutaneous warming, was largely eliminated for both digit and palmar anatomic segments after systemic warming. Significant differences in SNCV between vibration-exposed and non-exposed workers, which had been observed after segmental cutaneous warming, were eliminated after systemic warming. Systemic warming had only a small effect on the wrist-palm (transcarpal) segmental SNCVs. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced SNCV in the digits was observed in vibration-exposed and non-exposed workers. Substituting exercise-induced systemic warming for segmental cutaneous warming significantly increased SNCV in the digits and appeared to reduce differences in SNCV between vibration-exposed and non-exposed workers. These findings persisted despite a substantial time interval between tests, during which the subjects continued to work. There may be more general implications for diagnosing clinical conditions in industrial workers, such as the carpal tunnel syndrome and the hand-arm vibration syndrome.
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  • Cherniack, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • The Hand-Arm Vibration International Consortium (HAVIC) : prospective studies on the relationship between power tool exposure and health effects.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 49:3, s. 289-301
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The Hand-Arm Vibration International Consortium (HAVIC) is a collaboration of investigators from Europe and North America studying health effects from hand-arm vibration (HAV). Features include prospective design, cross-cohort exposure, and health assessment methods. METHODS: Two new cohorts (dental hygienists and dental hygiene students), two existing cohorts (Finnish forest workers, and Swedish truck cab assemblers), and a previous population (US shipyard workers) are included. Instruments include surveys, quantitative medical tests, physical examination, and work simulation and data logging to assess exposure. New methods were developed for nerve conduction and data logging. RESULTS: Findings on the relationship between nerve conduction and skin temperature in HAV-exposed subjects resulted in a new approach to subject warming. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating established cohorts has advantages over de novo cohort construction. Complex laboratory tests can be successfully adapted for field use.
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  • Lowe, Robert, et al. (författare)
  • Affective Modulation of Embodied Dynamics
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: The role of emotion in adaptive behaviour and cognitive robotics. ; , s. 48-64
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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8.
  • Lowe, Robert, et al. (författare)
  • Predictive Regulation : Allostasis, Behavioural Flexibility and Fear Learning
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of The Fourth Workshop on Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems, Munich, June 26th, 2008. - : Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione - CNR.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dynamical systems perspectives on emotion emphasize the importance of the regulatory interplay between brain, body and environment to adaptive behaviour. We suggest that a key facet of emotions, above all fear, consistent with this perspective lies in the allostatic regulation of constitutive/behavioural dynamics in terms of prediction and behavioural biases linking internal needs to external adaptive concerns. Allostatic emotional regulation in organizationally complex organisms permits enhanced adaptive behavioural flexibility relative to more reactive homeostatic dynamical systems. We discuss emotions as regulatory phenomena and provide a brief description of work in progress that will facilitate the gleaning of insights in this regard.
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9.
  • Lowe, Robert, et al. (författare)
  • The Embodied Dynamics of Emotion, Appraisal and Attention
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Attention in Cognitive Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540773429 - 9783540773436 ; , s. 1-20
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Emotions can be considered inextricably linked to embodied appraisals - perceptions of bodily states that inform agents of how they are faring in the world relative to their own well-being. Emotion-appraisals are thus relational phenomena the relevance of which can be learned or evolutionarily selected for given a reliable coupling between agent-internal and environmental states. An emotion-appraisal attentional disposition permits agents to produce behaviour that exploits such couplings allowing for adaptive agent performance across agent-environment interactions. This chapter discusses emotions in terms of dynamical processes whereby attentional dispositions are considered central to an understanding of behaviour. The need to reconcile a dynamical systems perspective with an approach that views emotions as attentional dispositions representative of embodied relational phenomena (embodied appraisals) is argued for. Attention and emotion are considered to be features of adaptive agent behaviour that are interdependent in their temporal, structural and organizational relations.
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  • Morse, Anthony, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic liquid association : Complex learning without implausible guidance
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Neural Networks. - : Elsevier. - 0893-6080 .- 1879-2782. ; 22:7, s. 875-889
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simple associative networks have many desirable properties, but are fundamentally limited by their inability to accurately capture complex relationships. This paper presents a solution significantly extending the abilities of associative networks by using an untrained dynamic reservoir as an input filter. The untrained reservoir provides complex dynamic transformations, and temporal integration, and can be viewed as a complex non-linear feature detector from which the associative network can learn. Typically reservoir systems utilize trained single layer perceptrons to produce desired output responses. However given that both single layer perceptions and simple associative learning have the same computational limitations, i.e. linear separation, they should perform similarly in terms of pattern recognition ability. Further to this the extensive psychological properties of simple associative networks and the lack of explicit supervision required for associative learning motivates this extension overcoming previous limitations. Finally, we demonstrate the resulting model in a robotic embodiment, learning sensorimotor contingencies, and matching a variety of psychological data. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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  • Morse, Anthony F., et al. (författare)
  • A Neurocomputational Model of Anticipation and Sustained Inattentional Blindness in Hierarchies
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning systems, ABiALS 2008. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642025648 - 9783642025655 - 3642025641 ; , s. 152-169
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anticipation and prediction have been identified as key functions of many brain areas facilitating recognition, perception, and planning. In this chapter we present a hierarchical neurocomputational model in which feedback, effectively predicting or anticipating task-relevant features, leads to sustained inattentional blindness. A psychological experiment on sustained inattentional blindness in human subjects is simulated to provide visual input to a hierarchy of Echo State Networks. Other parts of the model receive input relevant to tracking the attended object and also detecting the unexpected object, feedback from which is then used to simulate engagement in the task and compared to results obtained without feedback, simulating passive observation. We find a significant effect of anticipation enhancing performance at the task and simultaneously degrading detection of unexpected features, thereby modelling the sustained inattentional blindness effect. We therefore suggest that anticipatory /predictive mechanisms are responsible for sustained inattentional blindness.
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13.
  • Morse, Anthony F., et al. (författare)
  • Action, Detection, and Perception : A Computational Model of the Relation Between Movement and Orientation Selectivity in the Cerebral Cortex
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Conferenceof theCognitive Science Society. - : Cognitive Science Society, Inc.. - 9780976831853 ; , s. 585-590
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A fundamental tenet of enactive theories of cognition states that action is a necessary prerequisite to perception. In this paper we review the basis for this assumption and, with the help of a computational model of the famous Held and Hein kitten experiments, challenge the necessity of movement in subsequent detection. In normal development action does play an important role in setting up detection, but we aim here to widen our conceptions and consider the effect of correlations between non-motoric events.
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  • Morse, Anthony F., et al. (författare)
  • Manipulating space : modelling the role of transient dynamics in inattentional blindness
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Connection science (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0954-0091 .- 1360-0494. ; 21:4, s. 275-296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • According to Noë´s enactive theory of perception, sensorimotor knowledge allows us to predict the sensory outcomes of our actions. This paper suggests that tuning input filters with such predictions may be the cause of sustained inattentional blindness. Most models of learning capture statistically salient regularities in and between data streams. Such analysis is, however, severely limited by both the problem of marginal regularity and the credit assignment problem. A neurocomputational reservoir system can be used to alleviate these problems without training by enhancing the separability of regularities in input streams. However, as the regularities made separable vary with the state of the reservoir, feedback in the form of predictions of future sensory input can both enchance expected discriminations and hinder unanticipated ones. This renders the model blind to features not made separable in the regions of state space the reservoir in manipulated towards. This is demonstrated in a computational model of sustained inattentional blindness, leading to predictions about human behaviour that have yet to be tested.
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15.
  • Morse, Anthony F., et al. (författare)
  • The role of robotic modelling in cognitive science
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: New ideas in psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0732-118X .- 1873-3522. ; 29:3, s. 312-324
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • From the perspective of cognitive robotics, this paper presents a modern interpretation of Newell’s (1973) reasoning and suggestions for why and how cognitive psychologists should develop models of cognitive phenomena. We argue that the shortcomings of current cognitive modelling approaches are due in significant part to a lack of exactly the kind of integration required for the development of embodied autonomous robotics. Moreover we suggest that considerations of embodiment, situatedness, and autonomy, intrinsic to cognitive robotics, provide an appropriate basis for the integration and theoretic cumulation that Newell argued was necessary for psychology to mature. From this perspective we analyse the role of embodiment and modes of situatedness in terms of integration, cognition, emotion, and autonomy. Four complementary perspectives on embodied and situated cognitive science are considered in terms of their potential to contribute to cognitive robotics, cognitive science, and psychological theorizing: minimal cognition and organization, enactive perception and sensorimotor contingency, homeostasis and emotion, and social embedding. In combination these perspectives provide a framework for cognitive robotics, not only wholly compatible with the original aims of cognitive modelling, but as a more appropriate methodology than those currently in common use within psychology.
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  • Morse, Anthony F., et al. (författare)
  • Towards an Enactive Cognitive Architecture
  • 2008
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents, not only the ingredients but also a recipe for constructing models and architectures consistent with a wide range of requirements necessary for a strong connection to the enactive theory. The design method we propose, holistic reductionism, provides a piecemeal route to constructing integrated and high functioning cognitive systems, following a pathof ‘re-cortication’ rather than cross species or functional decomposition routes as typically advocated in non enactive paradigms.
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  • Parthemore, Joel, et al. (författare)
  • Representations reclaimed: Accounting for the co-emergence of concepts and experience
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Pragmatics & Cognition. - 0929-0907. ; 18:2, s. 273-312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Understanding the relationship between concepts and experience seems necessary to specifying the content of experience, yet current theories of concepts do not seem up to the job. With Peter Gärdenfors's conceptual spaces theory as a foundation and with enactivist philosophy as inspiration, we present a proposed extension to conceptual spaces theory and use it to outline a model of the emergence of concepts and experience. We conclude that neither is ultimately primary but each gives rise to the other: i.e., that they co-emerge. Such a model can then serve as the anchor to a theory of concepts more generally. Concepts are most naturally understood in symbolic and representational terms, while much of experience, in contrast, is non-symbolic and non-representational; yet the conflict between the two will, herein, be shown to be more apparent than real. The main contribution of this paper is to argue for, by means of this account of co-emergence, a continuum between "low-level" mental content that is more appropriately understood in highly context-sensitive and directly sensorimotor-based terms, and "high-level" mental content that is more appropriately understood in context-free and representational or symbolic terms. In doing so we conclude that the extreme positions of representationalism and anti-representationalism are fatally flawed.
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18.
  • Svensson, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • Neural Pathways of Embodied Simulation
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642025648 - 9783642025655 ; , s. 95-114
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulation theories have in recent years proposed that a cognitiveagent's "inner world" can at least partly be constituted by internal emulations or simulations of its sensorimotor interaction with the world, i.e. covert perception and action. This paper further integrates simulation theory with the notion of the brain as a predictive machine. In particular, it outlines the neural pathways of covert simulations, which include implicit anticipation in cerebellar and basal gangliar circuits, bodily anticipation by means of forward models in the cerebellum, and environmental anticipation in the neocortex. The paper also discusses, to some extent, possible implications of the neural pathways of covert simulation for the frame problem, and the relation between procedural and declarative knowledge in covert simulations.
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19.
  • Svensson, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • Representation as Internal Simulation : A Minimalistic Robotic Model
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. - : Cognitive Science Society, Inc.. - 9780976831853 ; , s. 2890-2895
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Embodied cognition theorists have in recent years proposed that a cognitive agent's "representations" or "inner world" can at least partly be constituted by internal emulations or simulations of its sensorimotor interaction with the world, i.e. covert perception and action. This paper recapitulates some of the empirical evidence, distinguishes between implicit, internal and external anticipation, and discusses possible neural correlates. Furthermore a robotic neurocomputational model of external anticipation is presented and analyzed.
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20.
  • Svensson, Henrik (författare)
  • Simulations
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis is concerned with explanations of embodied cognition as internal simulation. The hypothesis is that several cognitive processes can be explained in terms of predictive chains of simulated perceptions and actions.In other words, perceptions and actions are reactivated internally by the nervous system to be used in cognitive phenomena such as mental imagery.This thesis contributes by advancing the theoretical foundations of simulations and the empirical grounds on which they are based, including a review of the empiricial evidence for the existence of simulated perceptions and actions in cognition, a clarification of the representational function of simulations in cognition, as well as identifying implicit, bodily and environmental anticipation as key mechanisms underlying such simulations. The thesis also develops the ³inception of simulation² hypothesis, which suggests that dreaming has a function in the development of simulations by forming associations between experienced, non-experienced but realistic, and even unrealistic perceptions during early childhood. The thesis further investigates some aspects of simulations and the ³inception of simulation² hypothesis by using simulated robot models based on echo state networks. These experiments suggest that it is possible for a simple robot to develop internal simulations by associating simulated perceptions and actions, and that dream-like experiences can be beneficial for the development of such simulations.
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