| 1. |
- Ahluwalia, Arti, et al.
(författare)
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Biomedical Engineering Project Based Learning : Euro-African Design School Focused on Medical Devices
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Engineering Education. - : Tempus Publications. - 0949-149X. ; 34:5, s. 1709-1722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomedical engineering (BME) has the potential of transforming medical care towards universal healthcare by means of the democratization of medical technology. To this end, innovative holistic approaches and multidisciplinary teams, built upon the gathering of international talent, should be encouraged within the medical industry. However, these transformations can only be accomplished if BME education also continuously evolves and focuses on the internationalization of students, the promotion of collaborative design strategies and the orientation towards context relevant medical needs. In this study we describe an international teaching-learning experience, the "UBORA (Swahili for 'excellence') Design School". During an intensive week of training and collaboration 39 engineering students lived through the complete development process for creating innovative open-source medical devices following the CDIO ("conceivedesign-implement-operate") approach and using the UBORA e-infrastructure as a co-design platform. Our post-school survey and analyses showed that this integral teaching-learning experience helped to promote professional skills and could nurture the future generation of biomedical engineers, who could transform healthcare technology through collaborative design oriented to open source medical devices.
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| 2. |
- Ahluwalia, A., et al.
(författare)
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Towards open source medical devices current situation, inspiring advances and challenges
- 2018
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Ingår i: BIODEVICES 2018 - 11th International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices, Proceedings; Part of 11th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2018. - : SciTePress. - 9789897582776 ; , s. 141-149
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open Source Medical Devices may be part of the solution towards the democratization of medical technologies pursuing Universal Health Coverage as part of the Sustainable Development Goals for United Nations. Recent technological advances, especially in information and communication technologies, combined with innovative collaborative design methodologies and manufacturing techniques allow for the mass-personalization of biodevices and help to optimize the related development times and costs, while keeping safety in the foreground through the whole life cycle of medical products. These advantages can be further promoted by adequately fostering collaboration, communication, high value information exchange, and sustainable partnerships and by extending the employment of open source strategies. To this end, within the UBORA project, we are developing a framework for training the biomedical engineers of the future in open-source collaborative design strategies and for supporting the sharing of information and the assessment of safety and efficacy in novel biodevices. An essential part of this open-source collaborative framework is the UBORA e-infrastructure, which is presented in this study, together with some initial success cases. Main future challenges, connected with regulatory harmonization, with educational issues and with accessible and open design and manufacturing resources, among others, are also presented and discussed.
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| 3. |
- De Maria, Carmelo, et al.
(författare)
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Safe innovation : On medical device legislation in Europe and Africa
- 2018
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Ingår i: Health Policy and Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2211-8837 .- 2211-8845. ; 7:2, s. 156-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The principal motivation for regulating medical devices is to protect patients and users. Complying with regulations may result in an increase in development, manufacturing and service costs for medical companies and ultimately for healthcare providers and patients, limiting the access to adequate medical equipment. On the other hand, poor regulatory control has resulted in the use of substandard devices. This study aims at comparing the certification route that manufactures have to respect for marketing a medical device in some African Countries and in European Union. Methods: We examined and compared the current and future regulations on medical devices in the European Union and in some countries in Africa. Contextually we proposed future approaches to open design strategies supported by emerging technologies as a means to enhance economically sustainable healthcare system driven by innovation. Results: African medical device regulations have an affinity to European directives, despite the fact that the latter are particularly strict. Several states have also implemented or harmonized directives to medical device regulation, or have expressed interest in establishing them in their legislation. Open Source Medical Devices hold a great promise to reduce costs but do need a high level of supervision, to control their quality and to guarantee their respect for safety standards. Conclusion: Harmonization across the two continents could be leveraged to optimize the costs of device manufacture and sale. Regulated open design strategies can enhance economically sustainable innovation. (C) 2018 Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine.
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| 4. |
- De Maria, C., et al.
(författare)
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The UBORA E-Infrastructure for Open Source Innovation in Medical Technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: XV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing – MEDICON 2019. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 878-882
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of medical devices with open source and collaborative design methodologies has the potential to increase the access to medical technologies, thanks to a feasible reduction of design, management, maintenance, and repairing costs linked to the open access of device blueprints. UBORA is an e-infrastructure for the co-design of open source medical devices, which promotes the compliance with internationally recognized quality standards and regulations for safety and efficacy of devices, taking the EN ISO 13485:2016 and the EU MDR 2017/745 as inspiration. UBORA guides the user through a systematic design process, from the identification of clinical needs, of risks class and relevant standards for the device, and provides project management tools, including a repository, finalized to the preparation of the pre-production device dossier. The process is supervised by expert mentors, which ensure that safety and efficacy criteria are fulfilled. The UBORA e-infrastructure is in line with the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals, promoting and strengthening the initiatives of an international community of designers, healthcare providers and policy-makers, toward the reduction of inequalities in the access to medical devices.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Tore J, et al.
(författare)
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A consumers´testing approach to the usability of medical technology : Insulin pumps and CGM systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Safety Management and Human Factors. - 9781495121005 ; , s. 117-128
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five different insulin pumps and three systems for continuous glucose monitoring were subjected to usability tests at the School of Technology and Health. Each pump was trialed and rated by 30 respondents; 20 students with no experience of diabetes and 10 diabetic pump users. Each of the CGM systems was trialed and rated by 10 non-diabetic students. All participating students were enrolled in Medical Technology (Royal Institute of Technology) or Occupational Therapy (Karolinska Institute). The technical performance of pumps and CGM systems was tested independently. The respondents handled the insulin container, the oftware, the buttons, the screen and the manual through five scenario-based tasks. The trials and the accompanying attitude items were based on the ISO definition of usability. Efficiency was measured as the proportion of respondents succeeding to perform the tasks in less than 15 minutes, combined with the average time to do so. Effectiveness was the quotient of success frequency over average performance time. Satisfaction was the average distribution on the attitude items related to software, screen, buttons and manual. All products were ranked against each other within each separate test and the rank scores accumulated. There were significant differences in the scoring of the individual insulin pumps and CGM systems.
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| 6. |
- Mridha, Mannan, et al.
(författare)
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A smart phone, tablet, based on mobile health care system for developing countries
- 2013
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Ingår i: 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC. ; , s. 4642-4645
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing cost of health care in developing countries is placing heavy financial burden on its populations. With the advent of mobile and tablet technologies however, it is possible to reduce this burden to some extent through telehealthcare.In this paper, authors describe their effort to design portable diagnostic devices that can communicate to smart phones and tablets there by making tele-healthcare possible. A possible architecture of their model is presented and components thereof discussed.
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| 7. |
- Mridha, Mannan, 1954-
(författare)
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Characterization of cutaneous oedema : modelling and mesurements methods
- 1990
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Three different methods have been developed to characterize oedema. The methods can be applied on any site of the skin to study the effect of oedema on the mechanical properties of the skin. Changes in the viscoelastic properties of the oedematous tissues after treatment can be monitored by these methods. Thus effectiveness of the treatment, and improvement of elastic and viscoelastic properties of the oedematous tissues can be determined by the methods described.Mechanical Impedance (MI) describes viscoelastic properties of tissues subjected to external deformation. Differences in the MI between normal and oedematous tissues were greater at lower frequencies. Mechanical pulse wave propagation, MPWP was measured in gel, normal and oedematous tissues. The MPWP depended on the density of the gel and on the elasticity and viscosity of the tissues, and differed from oedematous to nonoedematous tissues.An instrument was developed which rapidly compressed the skin and recorded the force, which decreased as the fluid translocated. Normal subjects and oedematous patients showed marked differences in the pattern of fluid translocation. The flow rate and the total volume flow varied with the degree of oedema. Force curves obtained from patients, who were given pneumatic compression treatment for unilateral post-mastectomy lymphoedema were analysed. Mathematical expressions for the curves were found to define the degree of oedema.An analogue electrical model which demonstrates the viscoelastic nature of oedematous tissue under compression has been proposed.The model consists of the electrical counterparts of multicompartment arrangements of springs and dashpots.The model elements were assigned values from experimental results. The models were tested by a computer simulation and the results show viscoelastic behaviour similar to that obtained from the measurement of fluid translocation in tissue under compression.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Mridha, Mannan, et al.
(författare)
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E-Learning for empowering the rural people in Bangladesh opportunities and challenges
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Second International Conference on E-Learning and E-Technologies in Education (ICEEE2013). - 9781467350938 ; , s. 323-328
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractInadequate educational resources,insufficient and unqualified teachers and health care providers,and lack of community involvement, are some of the causes that contribute to the oor state of education and health in rural Bangladesh. This is although, it is well known that,access to quality education and scientific knowledge is essential for creating economic rowth and sustainable human development, including poverty alleviation and improvement of human health. In all countries and in the developing countries in particular, there is a need to mploy Information and Communication Technology, ICT to gain global access to learning. ICT an address issues of educational equity, social exclusion and can deliver a more effective and ccessible educational opportunities. It can also reduce cost of reaching and educating many ural students who are deprived of creative education due to lack of qualified teaching force.In Bangladesh, the education curriculum has been modernized to meet an international standard. For various reasons, qualified teachers are not keen to move to rural areas. The same is true in areas of health sectors where qualified medical doctors are not willing to move to rural areas. Therefore, we find enormous potentials for contribution of e-Learning and e-Health in empowering the rural educators as well as health care providers. A pilot project to test the potentials of e-Learning is implemented at a village Nohata in Magura district in Bangladesh (www.nuhat.org). Started in 2006, it has been using ICT tools to communicate, learn, and access international quality educational content. International quality teachers have been conducting teaching using videoconference system. Various relevant e-Learning aids have been developed to meet the local needs and conditions, you tube programmes covering different topics are carefully selected to meet the appropriate requirement of different target groups. The links are downloaded so that the students, the teachers, health workers, patients can follow the links off line, as many times as they want and discuss among themselves. The ICT tools are also being used to improve access to health care; enhance the quality of service delivery; improve the effectiveness of public health and primary care interventions; improve the shortage of health professionals through collaboration and training. ICT tools are offering solutions for emergency medical assistance, long-distance consultation, supervision quality assurance, and education and training for healthcare professionals and providers. The main challenges are to empower the rural people through creating locally relevant content for improving proficiency in English language, Mathematics, Science and Health care application and services considering the sociocultural factors, to achieve health, education and economic development. Through careful selection and creation of relevant e-Learning materials, we intend to develop the rural community using the potential of rural people and adopting participatory approaches for building knowledge, skills and capacity.Keywords: e-learning in developing countries, rural empowerment, relevant content, e-health, rural health quality improvement
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Mridha, Mannan, et al.
(författare)
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To improve patient care & safety of rural patients empowering the village doctors
- 2017
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Ingår i: EMBEC 2017, NBC 2017. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811051210 ; , s. 502-505
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most developing countries, although the vast majority of the people are living in the rural areas, the qualified medical doctors are not available there. Health care workers and village doctors are largely responsible for the rural medical care. Mishaps due to wrong diagnosis and inappropriate medication have been causing serious suffering that is preventable. In order to improve rural health care facilities and achieve health equity and patient safety, together with the local partners in Bangladesh, we set up a model center for empowering the village doctors and female health workers through training them to use smart and affordable medical devices and appropriate ICT tools, to address some of the most serious health problems of the rural disadvantaged people, and offer Point-of-Care services for women and children in particular. Our earlier e-Health initiatives in rural settings in Bangladesh with some ICT based solutions and approaches to local needs have shown potentials for improving village doctors’ performance. Taking advantages of the popularity, affordability, potentials and acceptance of smartphones and Internet access, this work provided a model for improving rural health environment. Our work first initiated in 2009, initiated included : i) identification of the problems and sustainable solutions, ii) created access to reliable, robust and cost effective medical devices, iii) developed education and training packages for safe use the diagnostic devices and ICT tools, iv) provided robust and reliable connectivity to the medical experts for disease treatment and offering Point of Care services, v) developed appropriate e-Learning content on health education for disease prevention and treat health problems which routinely afflict the rural people. Further e-Health work, with the local needs and conditions in mind, will gain acceptability among rural people for illness management, disease detection and prevention, health awareness improvement, and all that can lead to poverty reduction, and sustainable socio-economic development.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Rahman Jabin, MD Shafiqur, et al.
(författare)
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Patient safety : a measure on reporting system and accident investigation in Bangladesh
- 2013
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Ingår i: Presented at Medicinteknikdagarna 2013, Stockholm, Sweden, October 1-2, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bangladesh, like many other developing countries in the world, has inadequate access to safe health care not only in the rural areas but also in different hospitals, especially in public ones in the cities. Every year, a very large number of people die or get severely injured due to preventable adverse events associated with medical devices, medication error, unsafe blood collection or transfusion, surgery, anesthesia and obstetric trauma that occur during treatment or due to the negligence of the healthcare personnel or incompetent practices used in regard to the safety of the patients. As a result, patients in Bangladesh lose their trust in both public and private hospitals due to poor quality and unsafe care that cause a growing outflow of Bangladeshi patients to the hospitals of neighboring countries. Therefore, to promote patient safety, effective research studies are required to help healthcare professionals and policy makers to understand the complex causes that lead to unsafe care.
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| 14. |
- Vaidya, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of arterial stiffness through pulse transit time measurement
- 2014
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Ingår i: BIODEVICES 2014 - 7th Int. Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices, Proceedings; Part of 7th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2014. - : SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications. - 9789897580130 ; , s. 238-242
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its treatment is significantly expected to reduce the mortality rate across the world. While several diagnostic techniques have been developed for early detection of the CVD, recent focus has been on measuring the 'arterial stiffness', which appears to be a major indicator of onset of cardio vascular disease. In this work, authors consider three mathematical models that relate pulse wave velocity (PWV) with arterial stiffness. While one model considers blood to be a nonviscous and incompressible fluid, the other considers it to be a viscous and compressible. Pulse transit time has been measured experimentally for five different individuals of different ages and heights from where PWV has been estimated. Using values of PWV, Young's modulus of elasticity has been derived. Data related to arteries such as radius, wall thickness, density and viscosity of blood have been taken from published literature where these parameters have been measured using techniques such as MRI. Initial results indicate that different models predict different estimates for arterial stiffness that depend on assumptions made.
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