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- Hensher, David, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding MaaS: Past, Present and Future
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Daily references to the changing landscape in the provision of passenger transport services is made in the transport literature, including grey material. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is the acronym which appears to have caught the imagination of technology providers with promises of a new era of passenger transport whereby assets need not be owned and services can be bought at the point of need. It is the technological developments which have spearheaded the new understanding of MaaS. MaaS has evolved into a concept that integrates public and private transport services to provide one- stop access through a common interface. MaaS is at the centre of the popular view on future collaborative and connected mobility. For transport policy, MaaS is seen as a way to reduce car traffic, and its negative externalities, by enabling citizens to satisfy their mobility needs without having to own assets such as automobiles, either conventional or (in the future) self-driving. MaaS also opens new choices for non-car owning citizens who previously had limited transport options, making some of them socially excluded. Whilst definitions vary, the concept of MaaS has several dimensions: in the form of a smart app and in real-time, it provides mobility services using multimodal options, through a sophisticated journey planner that provides the user with multiple customised options and offers the opportunity for payment either at the point of use or with a pre-purchased mobility bundle. This single platform is envisaged to eventually be transferable around the world from city to city and region to region and also to remain pervasive to the user by working and monitoring the journey in real-time and providing options for recovery in the case of disruption, and with an aspiration to support public equity objectives. MaaS has also received considerable attention in recent years from decision-makers (for instance, the Finnish government has implemented new transport regulations intended to facilitate MaaS developments) and practitioners (examples of MaaS start-ups include MaaS Global in Finland, EC2B in Sweden and Moovel in Germany) as well as researchers (e.g., Hensher and Mulley (2019) Hensher, 2017; Jittrapirom, 2017; Sochor et al., 2016; Wong et al., 2019; Mulley, 2017). Still, the knowledge of MaaS is nascent, trials for the most part have not been thoroughly evaluated and the evidence for the mobility and societal benefits of MaaS have yet to be confirmed. The paper is structured as follows. The next section provides the literature context that underpins the part of the title of this paper relating to the ‘Past’. This is followed by a section detailing the present in terms of a current MaaS trial in Sydney, New South Wales, designed to provide another ‘data point’ in our current understanding of MaaS. The penultimate section looks to the future and the challenges ahead by identifying some key questions critical to the development of MaaS. The final section concludes.
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| 2. |
- Hensher, David, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Past, Present and Future
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The widespread adoption of smartphones, ridesharing and carsharing have disrupted the transport sector. In cities around the world, new mobility services are both welcomed and challenged by regulators and incumbent operators. Mobility as a Service (MaaS), an ecosystem designed to deliver collaborative and connected mobility services in a society increasingly embracing a sharing culture, is at the center of this disruption. Understanding Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Past, Present and Future examines such topics as: - How likely MaaS will be implemented in one digital platform app - Whether MaaS will look the same in all countries - The role multi-modal contract brokers play - Mobility regulations and pricing models - MaaS trials, their impacts and consequences Written by the leading thinkers in the field for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers, Understanding Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Past, Present and Future serves as a single source on all the current and evolving developments, debates, and challenges.
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| 3. |
- Mulley, Corinne, et al.
(författare)
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Workshop 7 report: The “uberisation” of public transport and mobility as a service (MaaS): Implications for future mainstream public transport’
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859. ; 69, s. 568-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper synthesizes evidence from Workshop 7 ‘The “uberisation” of public transport and mobility as a service (MaaS): implications for future mainstream public transport’ of the 15th International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport. Workshop 7 was specifically concerned with the way in which the widespread adoption of portable and/or wearable internet-connected devices such as smartphones has opened up new possibilities in the transport sector. These are referred to as ‘uberisation’ by some and the creation of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) by others. In some cities and countries, these new services have been welcomed and even facilitated, while in others there have been clashes with regulators as well as with incumbent operators. Workshop 7 considered how these new services might be integrated into the market and whether more widespread development of ride-hailing or ride-sharing might lead to new ways of creating flexible and truly on-demand urban bus services, or alternatively would the way public transport is organized and financed ultimately be disrupted so that what is viable in terms of competition, contracts and governance would need to be reconsidered. The Workshop presented evidence and undertook discussion that could be considered under four themes: conceptual; the role of MaaS in the uncertain future, including the new digital era; the experience of flexible transport in developing countries as compared to Australia and finally, how MaaS might provide for community needs. Over and above the detail provided by the evidence in papers, the Workshop discussion identified a tension between policy formulation and operator viewpoints, the need for flexibility in developing contracts, the importance of partnership in developing MaaS packages, including bundling mobility with other services provided by government and a need to address consumer protection issues. The Workshop developed a long list of areas worthy of further research including understanding how to move travel behaviour from ownership to mobility as a service, a need for further pilots to develop the evidence base, defining the regulatory frameworks and understanding pricing strategies.
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| 4. |
- Rye, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Parking Management
- 2014
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Ingår i: Parking: Issues and Policies. - 2044-9941. ; Transport and Sustainability, Volume 5, s. 157-284
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This chapter explains how and why local parking policies are developed, the sometimes conflicting relationship between parking, revenue raising and economic development and the circumstances in which it may be appropriate to use parking policy as a demand management tool. Methodology/approach This chapter offers a review of prior research and literature on the topic parking management and further explores the impacts and difficulties of parking management. Moreover, empirical data in this chapter comes from the authors’ own survey study of southern, eastern and southeastern European cities about their parking problems and policies. Findings The findings of this chapter show that there is a need to consider what parking solutions cities may choose and what solutions might work for them. It is difficult to say that very different solutions will suit cities of different sizes, but rather that the level of implementation of the solutions must be related to the scale of the problem in each city, and its citizens’ demands. In addition, each city must work within its particular legislative context, which is why certain solutions might not work in some cities. Practical implications Parking policy and parking management are key to urban mobility and to managing its negative effects. It is possible to develop a car parking policy that will manage the negative impacts of urban car use whilst also supporting business and the economy; but this is a balancing act, which is why it is important to learn from the experience of other places, as we have shown in this chapter. Parking demand and the response of different cities to it are very important when considering the rise of car use in Europe and other parts of the world. Future solutions for parking problems are detailed at the end of this chapter. Originality/value of paper This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of prior research in parking management and connects this overview to findings of the authors own survey in south, eastern and southeastern European cities. Very few studies have made similar connections and provided in-depth insights into parking management in European cities. Moreover, the research provides useful information for planners and professionals dealing with parking issues and what solutions might work in their city.
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