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| 4. |
- Hussain, Fida, et al.
(författare)
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A modeling approach for low-temperature SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics B. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD. - 0217-9792. ; 33:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world's challenge is to determine a more efficient, economical and environmental-friendly energy source to compete and replace the ongoing conventional energy resources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) provide a highly efficient system to use divergent energy resources and have proved to provide the cleanest energy, least energy use, and lowest emissions. A techno-economic study is required to investigate the model design for SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power (m-CHP) systems for applications in terms of educational and commercial buildings. This work models and explores the optimized application of hydrogen gas-fueled SOFC-based m-CHP systems in educational buildings. Two educational departments' loads are presented and model of SOFC-based m-CHP system against the different electric power demands is performed, in order to provide a techno-economic assessment of the technology. For successful development of the technology, results are related to system rightsizing, operating strategies, thermal to electric ratios, and match between end-use, with an aim towards classifying the overall feasibility and essential application requirements.
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| 5. |
- Hussain, Fida, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative electrochemical investigation of zinc based nano-composite anode materials for solid oxide fuel cell
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 45:1, s. 1077-1083
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural and electrochemical properties of zinc based nano-composites anode materials with a composition of X0.25Ti0.5Zn0.70 (where X = Cu, Mn, Ag) have been investigated in this present study. The proposed Xo.zsTiousZno.70 oxide materials have been synthesized through sol-gel method. The doping effect of Cu, Mn, and Ag on TiZn oxides were analyzed in terms of electronic conduction and power density in hydrogen atmosphere at comparatively low temperature in the range of 650 degrees C. The crystal structure and surface morphology were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis techniques. The XRD patterns of composites depict that the average crystalline sizes lie in the range of 20-100 nm. Four -probe DC conductivity technique was used to measure the conductivity of the materials and maximum electrical conductivity of Ag0.25Ti0.05Zn0.70 oxide was found to be 7.81 S/cm at 650 degrees C. The band gap and absorption spectra were determined by ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques respectively. The maximum power density was achieved to be 354 mW/cm(2) at 650 degrees C by Ag0.25Ti0.05Zn0.70 oxide anode with SDC (electrolyte) and BSCF (conventional cathode) materials.
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| 6. |
- Nordberg, Gunnar F., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions and mixtures in metal toxicology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals: Volume I: General Considerations. - London : Elsevier. - 9780128232927 ; , s. 319-347
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human exposures to metals, metalloids, and their compounds frequently occur as mixtures; therefore, the joint action of these elements should be considered with respect to mechanisms of action and risk assessment. When present at the same time in a system, multiple chemicals can influence toxicity. The joint action of metallic elements may produce additive, synergistic/potentiating, or antagonistic effects manifesting in an overall toxicity, differing from that of individual components of the mixture. Dose-response relationships may be further influenced by constitutive factors such as age, sex, and the expression of specific proteins. Mechanisms of importance for the development of potentiated or antagonistic toxicity include the expression of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins or lead-binding proteins) and interference with metal transporters such as Divalent Metal Transporter (DMT-1) and the ZIP family of zinc transporting proteins. Compared to men, women of childbearing age generally absorb more Cd from the gastrointestinal tract because they typically have lower iron stores than men. Another example of synergism that occurs in humans is when inorganic arsenic and cadmium together induce kidney toxicity. In many cases, however, direct primary data on the joint action of toxic or essential elements are lacking, and so innovative derivative methods such as the binary weight-of-evidence method have been used to predict potential interactions among groups of metals and metalloids. Using this method, broad recommendations can be made for assessing the potential impact of interactions on the public health assessment of environmental mixtures. At present, there is much to be learned about the joint action of both toxic and essential elements, and this is clearly a critical area of research.
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- Bhat, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative milk proteome analysis of Kashmiri and Jersey cattle identifies differential expression of key proteins involved in immune system regulation and milk quality
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 21:1, s. 161-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundExploration of the bioactive components of bovine milk has gained global interest due to their potential applications in human nutrition and health promotion. Despite advances in proteomics profiling, limited studies have been carried out to fully characterize the bovine milk proteome. This study explored the milk proteome of Jersey and Kashmiri cattle at day 90 of lactation using high-resolution mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics nano-scale LC-MS/Q-TOF technique. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017412.ResultsProteins from whey were fractionated by precipitation into high and low abundant proteins. A total of 81 high-abundant and 99 low-abundant proteins were significantly differentially expressed between Kashmiri and Jersey cattle, clearly differentiating the two breeds at the proteome level. Among the top differentiating proteins, the Kashmiri cattle milk proteome was characterised by increased concentrations of immune-related proteins (apelin, acid glycoprotein, CD14 antigen), neonatal developmental protein (probetacellulin), xenobiotic metabolising enzyme (flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), GLYCAM1 and HSP90AA1 (chaperone) while the Jersey milk proteome presented higher concentrations of enzyme modulators (SERPINA1, RAC1, serine peptidase inhibitor) and hydrolases (LTF, LPL, CYM, PNLIPRP2). Pathway analysis in Kashmiri cattle revealed enrichment of key pathways involved in the regulation of mammary gland development like Wnt signalling pathway, EGF receptor signalling pathway and FGF signalling pathway while a pathway (T-cell activation pathway) associated with immune system regulation was significantly enriched in Jersey cattle. Most importantly, the high-abundant FMO3 enzyme with an observed 17-fold higher expression in Kashmiri cattle milk seems to be a characteristic feature of the breed. The presence of this (FMO3) bioactive peptide/enzyme in Kashmiri cattle could be economically advantageous for milk products from Kashmiri cattle.ConclusionIn conclusion, this is the first study to provide insights not only into the milk proteome differences between Kashmiri and Jersey cattle but also provides potential directions for application of specific milk proteins from Kashmiri cattle in special milk preparations like infant formula.
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| 11. |
- Higginbottom, Gina M. A., et al.
(författare)
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An ethnographic study of communication challenges in maternity care for immigrant women in rural Alberta
- 2015
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 31:2, s. 297-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Backgroundmany immigrant and ethno-cultural groups in Canada face substantial barriers to accessing health care including language barriers. The negative consequences of miscommunication in health care settings are well documented although there has been little research on communication barriers facing immigrant women seeking maternity care in Canada. This study identified the nature of communication difficulties in maternity services from the perspectives of immigrant women, health care providers and social service providers in a small city in southern Alberta, Canada.Methodsa focused ethnography was undertaken incorporating interviews with 31 participants recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. A community liaison and several gatekeepers within the community assisted with recruitment and interpretation where needed (n=1). All interviews were recorded and audio files were transcribed verbatim by a professional transcriptionist. The data was analysed drawing upon principles expounded by Roper and Shapira (2000) for the analysis of ethnographic data, because of (1) the relevance to ethnographic data, (2) the clarity and transparency of the approach, (3) the systematic approach to analysis, and (4) the compatibility of the approach with computer-assisted qualitative analysis software programs such as Atlas.ti (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH, Germany). This process included (1) coding for descriptive labels, (2) sorting for patterns, (3) identification of outliers, (4) generation of themes, (5) generalising to generate constructs and theories, and (6) memoing including researcher reflections.Findingsfour main themes were identified including verbal communication, unshared meaning, non-verbal communication to build relationships, and trauma, culture and open communication. Communication difficulties extended beyond matters of language competency to those encompassing non-verbal communication and its relation to shared meaning as well as the interplay of underlying pre-migration history and cultural factors which affect open communication, accessible health care and perhaps also maternal outcomes.Conclusionthis study provided insights regarding maternity health care communication. Communication challenges may be experienced by all parties, yet the onus remains for health care providers and for those within health care management and professional bodies to ensure that providers are equipped with the skills necessary to facilitate culturally appropriate care.
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| 12. |
- Muzaffar, Nimra, et al.
(författare)
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Designing of VCuS@MXene nanocomposite electrode for energy storage device and electrochemical glucose sensor
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics. - : Springer Nature. - 0957-4522 .- 1573-482X. ; 35:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MXene, a two-dimensional (2D) material composed of transition metal carbides (TMCs) and nitrides, have fascinated substantial scientific interest. This increased interest results from their exceptional properties, which include extraordinary conductivity, transparency, outstanding absorbing capacity, and significant charge storage capacities. In this work, the MXene-doped vanadium copper sulfide (VCuS) was synthesized through the hydrothermal method. In three electrode measurement system, the VCuS/MXene composite electrode showed exhibited a specific capacity (Qs) of 1620 Cg−1. As application point of view, the hybrid device is designed and measured the electrochemical properties. The hybrid device showed the remarkable Qs of 1528 C.g−1, power density (Pd) of 2347 Wkg−1 and an energy density (Ed) of 34.99 Whkg−1. Further, the VCuS/MXene//AC device is measured up to 6000 cycles to check the stability and durability. The device showed the capacity retention (CR) of 88.5% and a high Coulombic efficiency of 82.6%. Additionally, the VCuS/MXene electrode material is utilized as an electrochemical glucose sensor for the precise detection of H2O2 down to a minimal concentration of H2O2/mm, exhibiting exceptional precision. The use of multifunctional VCuS/MXene nanocomposite electrode material presents novel possibilities for the construction of hybrid energy harvesting systems.
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| 13. |
- Nordberg, Gunnar F, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions and Mixtures in Metal Toxicology
- 2015. - 4
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Ingår i: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. - : Academic Press. - 9780123982926 ; , s. 213-238
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human exposures to metals, metalloids, and their compounds frequently occur as mixtures, and hence it is important to consider the joint action of these elements in terms of both mechanisms of action and risk assessment purposes. The joint action of these elements may produce additive, synergistic/potentiating, or antagonistic effects that may be manifested as direct cellular toxicity (necrosis or apoptosis) or carcinogenicity. Dose-response relationships may be further influenced by constitutive factors such as age, sex, and the expression of specific proteins. Mechanisms of importance for the development of potentiated or antagonistic toxicity are the expression of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins or lead-binding proteins) and interference with metal transporters such as DMT-1 and ZIP. Compared to men, women of childbearing age absorb more Cd from the gastrointestinal tract because they have lower iron stores than men. Another example of synergism that occurs in humans is the one between inorganic arsenic and cadmium in inducing kidney toxicity. In many cases, however, direct primary data on the joint action of toxic or essential elements are lacking, and so innovative derivative methods such as the binary weight-of-evidence method have been used to predict potential interactions among groups of metals and metalloids. At present, there is much to be learned about the joint action of both toxic and essential elements, and this is clearly a critical area of research.
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| 14. |
- Salih, Sinan Q., et al.
(författare)
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Viability of the advanced adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model on reservoir evaporation process simulation : case study of Nasser Lake in Egypt
- 2019
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Ingår i: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. - UK : Taylor & Francis. - 1994-2060 .- 1997-003X. ; 13:1, s. 878-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable prediction of evaporative losses from reservoirs is an essential component of reservoir management and operation. Conventional models generally used for evaporation prediction have a number of drawbacks as they are based on several assumptions. A novel approach called the co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) is proposed in this study for the modeling of evaporation from meteorological variables. CANFIS provides a center-weighted set rather than global weight sets for predictor–predictand relationship mapping and thus it can provide a higher prediction accuracy. In the present study, adjustments are made in the back-propagation algorithm of CANFIS for automatic updating of membership rules and further enhancement of its prediction accuracy. The predictive ability of the CANFIS model is validated with three well-established artificial intelligence (AI) models. Different statistical metrics are computed to investigate the prediction efficacy. The results reveal higher accuracy of the CANFIS model in predicting evaporation compared to the other AI models. CANFIS is found to be capable of modeling evaporation from mean temperature and relative humidity only, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.93, which is much higher than that of the other models. Furthermore, CANFIS improves the prediction accuracy by 9.2–55.4% compared to the other AI models.
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| 16. |
- Van Mieghem, NM, et al.
(författare)
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Self-expanding Transcatheter vs Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients: 5-Year Outcomes of the SURTAVI Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6591 .- 2380-6583. ; 7:10, s. 1000-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In patients with severe aortic valve stenosis at intermediate surgical risk, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a self-expanding supra-annular valve was noninferior to surgery for all-cause mortality or disabling stroke at 2 years. Comparisons of longer-term clinical and hemodynamic outcomes in these patients are limited.ObjectiveTo report prespecified secondary 5-year outcomes from the Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis in Intermediate Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement (SURTAVI) randomized clinical trial.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsSURTAVI is a prospective randomized, unblinded clinical trial. Randomization was stratified by investigational site and need for revascularization determined by the local heart teams. Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis deemed to be at intermediate risk of 30-day surgical mortality were enrolled at 87 centers from June 19, 2012, to June 30, 2016, in Europe and North America. Analysis took place between August and October 2021.InterventionPatients were randomized to TAVR with a self-expanding, supra-annular transcatheter or a surgical bioprosthesis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe prespecified secondary end points of death or disabling stroke and other adverse events and hemodynamic findings at 5 years. An independent clinical event committee adjudicated all serious adverse events and an independent echocardiographic core laboratory evaluated all echocardiograms at 5 years.ResultsA total of 1660 individuals underwent an attempted TAVR (n = 864) or surgical (n = 796) procedure. The mean (SD) age was 79.8 (6.2) years, 724 (43.6%) were female, and the mean (SD) Society of Thoracic Surgery Predicted Risk of Mortality score was 4.5% (1.6%). At 5 years, the rates of death or disabling stroke were similar (TAVR, 31.3% vs surgery, 30.8%; hazard ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.85-1.22]; P = .85). Transprosthetic gradients remained lower (mean [SD], 8.6 [5.5] mm Hg vs 11.2 [6.0] mm Hg; P < .001) and aortic valve areas were higher (mean [SD], 2.2 [0.7] cm2 vs 1.8 [0.6] cm2; P < .001) with TAVR vs surgery. More patients had moderate/severe paravalvular leak with TAVR than surgery (11 [3.0%] vs 2 [0.7%]; risk difference, 2.37% [95% CI, 0.17%- 4.85%]; P = .05). New pacemaker implantation rates were higher for TAVR than surgery at 5 years (289 [39.1%] vs 94 [15.1%]; hazard ratio, 3.30 [95% CI, 2.61-4.17]; log-rank P < .001), as were valve reintervention rates (27 [3.5%] vs 11 [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.10-4.45]; log-rank P = .02), although between 2 and 5 years only 6 patients who underwent TAVR and 7 who underwent surgery required a reintervention.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong intermediate-risk patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, major clinical outcomes at 5 years were similar for TAVR and surgery. TAVR was associated with superior hemodynamic valve performance but also with more paravalvular leak and valve reinterventions.
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| 17. |
- Zeb, Shah, et al.
(författare)
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NOMA Enhanced Backscatter Communication for Green IoT Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS). - : VDE Verlag GmbH. ; , s. 640-644
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Backscatter communication has recently emerged as a promising technology to enable passive sensing-based Internet-of-things (IoT) applications. In a backscatter communication network, uplink transmissions of multiple nodes are usually multiplexed in time- or frequency-domain to avoid collisions, yet it is desirable to improve the uplink capacity further. In this paper, we study a wireless-powered backscatter communication system, where the sensors use a hybrid channel access scheme by combining time division multiplexing access(TDMA) with power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access(PD-NOMA) to enhance the system performance in terms of outage probability and throughput. Our analysis shows that the proposed PD-NOMA increases both the spectrum efficiency and the throughput of the system.
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| 18. |
- Zwickl, Craig M., et al.
(författare)
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Principles and procedures for assessment of acute toxicity incorporating in silico methods
- 2022
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Ingår i: COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY. - : Elsevier. - 2468-1113. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute toxicity in silico models are being used to support an increasing number of application areas including (1) product research and development, (2) product approval and registration as well as (3) the transport, storage and handling of chemicals. The adoption of such models is being hindered, in part, because of a lack of guidance describing how to perform and document an in silico analysis. To address this issue, a framework for an acute toxicity hazard assessment is proposed. This framework combines results from different sources including in silico methods and in vitro or in vivo experiments. In silico methods that can assist the prediction of in vivo outcomes (i.e., LD50) are analyzed concluding that predictions obtained using in silico approaches are now well-suited for reliably supporting assessment of LD50- based acute toxicity for the purpose of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) classification. A general overview is provided of the endpoints from in vitro studies commonly evaluated for predicting acute toxicity (e.g., cytotoxicity/cytolethality as well as assays targeting specific mechanisms). The increased understanding of pathways and key triggering mechanisms underlying toxicity and the increased availability of in vitro data allow for a shift away from assessments solely based on endpoints such as LD50, to mechanism-based endpoints that can be accurately assessed in vitro or by using in silico prediction models. This paper also highlights the importance of an expert review of all available information using weight-of-evidence considerations and illustrates, using a series of diverse practical use cases, how in silico approaches support the assessment of acute toxicity.
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