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Sökning: WFRF:(Munoz Javier)

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2.
  • Matabuena, Marcos, et al. (författare)
  • Identification of Asthma Phenotypes in the Spanish MEGA Cohort Study Using Cluster Analysis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Archivos de Bronconeumologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-2896. ; 59:4, s. 223-231
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The definition of asthma phenotypes has not been fully established, neither there are cluster studies showing homogeneous results to solidly establish clear phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to develop a classification algorithm based on unsupervised cluster analysis, identifying clusters that represent clinically relevant asthma phenotypes that may share asthma-related outcomes. Methods: We performed a multicentre prospective cohort study, including adult patients with asthma (N = 512) from the MEGA study (Mechanisms underlying the Genesis and evolution of Asthma). A standardised clinical history was completed for each patient. Cluster analysis was performed using the kernel k-groups algorithm. Results: Four clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (31.5% of subjects) includes adult-onset atopic patients with better lung function, lower BMI, good asthma control, low ICS dose, and few exacerbations. Cluster 2 (23.6%) is made of adolescent-onset atopic asthma patients with normal lung function, but low adherence to treatment (59% well-controlled) and smokers (48%). Cluster 3 (17.1%) includes adult-onset patients, mostly severe non-atopic, with overweight, the worse lung function and asthma control, and receiving combination of treatments. Cluster 4 (26.7%) consists of the elderly-onset patients, mostly female, atopic (64%), with high BMI and normal lung function, prevalence of smokers and comorbidities. Conclusion: We defined four phenotypes of asthma using unsupervised cluster analysis. These clusters are clinically relevant and differ from each other as regards FEV1, age of onset, age, BMI, atopy, asthma severity, exacerbations, control, social class, smoking and nasal polyps.
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3.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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4.
  • Carraminana, Albert, et al. (författare)
  • Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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5.
  • Ferrando, Carlos, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of oxygen on post-surgical infections during an individualised perioperative open-lung ventilatory strategy : a randomised controlled trial
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 124:1, s. 110-120
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: We aimed to examine whether using a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) in the context of an individualised intra- and postoperative open-lung ventilation approach could decrease surgical site infection (SSI) in patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Methods: We performed a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial in a network of 21 university hospitals from June 6, 2017 to July 19, 2018. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive a high (0.80) or conventional (0.3) FIO2 during the intraoperative period and during the first 3 postoperative hours. All patients were mechanically ventilated with an open-lung strategy, which included recruitment manoeuvres and individualised positive end-expiratory pressure for the best respiratory-system compliance, and individualised continuous postoperative airway pressure for adequate peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation. The primary outcome was the prevalence of SSI within the first 7 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes were composites of systemic complications, length of intensive care and hospital stay, and 6-month mortality. Results: We enrolled 740 subjects: 371 in the high FIO2 group and 369 in the low FIO2 group. Data from 717 subjects were available for final analysis. The rate of SSI during the first postoperative week did not differ between high (8.9%) and low (9.4%) FIO2 groups (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-1.50; P=0.90]). Secondary outcomes, such as atelectasis (7.7% vs 9.8%; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.48-1.25; P=0.38) and myocardial ischaemia (0.6% [n=2] vs 0% [n=0]; P=0.47) did not differ between groups. Conclusions: An oxygenation strategy using high FIO2 compared with conventional FIO2 did not reduce postoperative SSIs in abdominal surgery. No differences in secondary outcomes or adverse events were found.
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6.
  • Insausti, Ricardo, et al. (författare)
  • Ex vivo, in situ perfusion protocol for human brain fixation compatible with microscopy, MRI techniques, and anatomical studies
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5129. ; 17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a method for human brain fixation based on simultaneous perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde through carotids after a flush with saline. The left carotid cannula is used to perfuse the body with 10% formalin, to allow further use of the body for anatomical research or teaching. The aim of our method is to develop a vascular fixation protocol for the human brain, by adapting protocols that are commonly used in experimental animal studies. We show that a variety of histological procedures can be carried out (cyto- and myeloarchitectonics, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, intracellular cell injection, and electron microscopy). In addition, ex vivo, ex situ high-resolution MRI (9.4T) can be obtained in the same specimens. This procedure resulted in similar morphological features to those obtained by intravascular perfusion in experimental animals, provided that the postmortem interval was under 10 h for several of the techniques used and under 4 h in the case of intracellular injections and electron microscopy. The use of intravascular fixation of the brain inside the skull provides a fixed whole human brain, perfectly fitted to the skull, with negligible deformation compared to conventional techniques. Given this characteristic of ex vivo, in situ fixation, this procedure can probably be considered the most suitable one available for ex vivo MRI scans of the brain. We describe the compatibility of the method proposed for intravascular fixation of the human brain and fixation of the donor’s body for anatomical purposes. Thus, body donor programs can provide human brain tissue, while the remainder of the body can also be fixed for anatomical studies. Therefore, this method of human brain fixation through the carotid system optimizes the procurement of human brain tissue, allowing a greater understanding of human neurological diseases, while benefiting anatomy departments by making the remainder of the body available for teaching purposes.
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7.
  • Olmeda, David, et al. (författare)
  • Whole-body imaging of lymphovascular niches identifies pre-metastatic roles of midkine
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 546:7660, s. 676-680
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cutaneous melanoma is a type of cancer with an inherent potential for lymph node colonization, which is generally preceded by neolymphangiogenesis(1-3). However, sentinel lymph node removal does not necessarily extend the overall survival of patients with melanoma(4,5). Moreover, lymphatic vessels collapse and become dysfunctional as melanomas progress(6,7). Therefore, it is unclear whether (and how) lymphangiogenesis contributes to visceral metastasis. Soluble and vesicle-associated proteins secreted by tumours and/or their stroma have been proposed to condition pre-metastatic sites in patients with melanoma(8-14). Still, the identities and prognostic value of lymphangiogenic mediators remain unclear(2,14). Moreover, our understanding of lymphangiogenesis (in melanomas and other tumour types) is limited by the paucity of mouse models for live imaging of distal pre-metastatic niches(15). Injectable lymphatic tracers have been developed(7), but their limited diffusion precludes whole-body imaging at visceral sites(16). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is an attractive 'lymphoreporter' 17 because its expression is strongly downregulated in normal adult lymphatic endothelial cells, but is activated in pathological situations such as inflammation and cancer(17,18). Here, we exploit this inducibility of VEGFR3 to engineer mouse melanoma models for whole-body imaging of metastasis generated by human cells, clinical biopsies or endogenously deregulated oncogenic pathways. This strategy revealed early induction of distal pre-metastatic niches uncoupled from lymphangiogenesis at primary lesions. Analyses of the melanoma secretome and validation in clinical specimens showed that the heparin-binding factor midkine is a systemic inducer of neo-lymphangiogenesis that defines patient prognosis. This role of midkine was linked to a paracrine activation of the mTOR pathway in lymphatic endothelial cells. These data support the use of VEGFR3 reporter mice as a 'MetAlert' discovery platform for drivers and inhibitors of metastasis.
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8.
  • Pérez, Juana, et al. (författare)
  • The antibiotic crisis : How bacterial predators can help
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2001-0370. ; 18, s. 2547-2555
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Discovery of antimicrobials in the past century represented one of the most important advances in public health. Unfortunately, the massive use of these compounds in medicine and other human activities has promoted the selection of pathogens that are resistant to one or several antibiotics. The current antibiotic crisis is creating an urgent need for research into new biological weapons with the ability to kill these superbugs. Although a proper solution requires this problem to be addressed in a variety of ways, the use of bacterial predators is emerging as an excellent strategy, especially when used as whole cell therapeutic agents, as a source of new antimicrobial agents by awakening silent metabolic pathways in axenic cultures, or as biocontrol agents. Moreover, studies on their prey are uncovering mechanisms of resistance that can be shared by pathogens, representing new targets for novel antimicrobial agents. In this review we discuss potential of the studies on predator-prey interaction to provide alternative solutions to the problem of antibiotic resistance.
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9.
  • Conde, Javier, et al. (författare)
  • Applying digital twins for the management of information in turnaround event operations in commercial airports
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 54, s. 101723-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aerospace sector is one of the many sectors in which large amounts of data are generated. Thanks to the evolution of technology, these data can be exploited in several ways to improve the operation and management of industrial processes. However, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to define architectures and data models that allow to manage and homogenise the heterogeneous data collected. In this paper, we present an Airport Digital Twin Reference Conceptualisation's and data model based on FIWARE Generic Enablers and the Next Generation Service Interfaces-Linked Data standard. Concretely, we particularise the Airport Digital Twin to improve the efficiency of flight turnaround events. The architecture proposed is validated in the Aberdeen International Airport with the aim of reducing delays in commercial flights. The implementation includes an application that shows the real state of the airport, combining two-dimensional and three-dimensional virtual reality representations of the stands, and a mobile application that helps ground operators to schedule departure and arrival flights.
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10.
  • García-Gallego, Sandra, et al. (författare)
  • Polyanionic N-donor ligands as chelating agents in transition metal complexes : synthesis, structural characterization and antiviral properties against HIV
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 41:21, s. 6488-99
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We describe here the synthesis and characterization of new sulfonated and carboxylated-containing N-donor ligands [Na(4)(edts)]·4H(2)O (2), [Na(2)(dmeddp)]·2H(2)O (3) and [Na(4)(edtp)]·H(2)O (4) (edts = ethylene-diamine- N,N,N',N'-tetraethylenesulfonate ion; dmeddp = dimethyl-ethylene-diamine-N,N,N',N'-tetra-3-propionate ion; edtp = ethylene-diamine-N,N,N',N'-tetra-3-propionate ion) and their corresponding metal (Ni, Co, Cu and Zn) complexes. Mainly, UV-Vis and a computer aided analysis of the EPR spectra provided information on the geometry and structure of the complexes in solution. Some of the metal complexes inhibit HIV replication when treating both pre- and post-infected PBMC cells, and hustle the inhibitory effect compared to the metal salts alone.
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11.
  • Iniguez-Munoz, Sandra, et al. (författare)
  • Hidden secrets of the cancer genome : unlocking the impact of non-coding mutations in gene regulatory elements
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS). - : Springer. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 81
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Discoveries in the field of genomics have revealed that non-coding genomic regions are not merely "junk DNA", but rather comprise critical elements involved in gene expression. These gene regulatory elements (GREs) include enhancers, insulators, silencers, and gene promoters. Notably, new evidence shows how mutations within these regions substantially influence gene expression programs, especially in the context of cancer. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have accelerated the identification of somatic and germline single nucleotide mutations in non-coding genomic regions. This review provides an overview of somatic and germline non-coding single nucleotide alterations affecting transcription factor binding sites in GREs, specifically involved in cancer biology. It also summarizes the technologies available for exploring GREs and the challenges associated with studying and characterizing non-coding single nucleotide mutations. Understanding the role of GRE alterations in cancer is essential for improving diagnostic and prognostic capabilities in the precision medicine era, leading to enhanced patient-centered clinical outcomes.
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12.
  • Moraleda-Munoz, Aurelio, et al. (författare)
  • Metal-responsive RNA polymerase extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : WILEY. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 112:2, s. 385-398
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to survive, bacteria must adapt to multiple fluctuations in their environment, including coping with changes in metal concentrations. Many metals are essential for viability, since they act as cofactors of indispensable enzymes. But on the other hand, they are potentially toxic because they generate reactive oxygen species or displace other metals from proteins, turning them inactive. This dual effect of metals forces cells to maintain homeostasis using a variety of systems to import and export them. These systems are usually inducible, and their expression is regulated by metal sensors and signal-transduction mechanisms, one of which is mediated by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors. In this review, we have focused on the metal-responsive ECF sigma factors, several of which are activated by iron depletion (FecI, FpvI and PvdS), while others are activated by excess of metals such as nickel and cobalt (CnrH), copper (CarQ and CorE) or cadmium and zinc (CorE2). We focus particularly on their physiological roles, mechanisms of action and signal transduction pathways.
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13.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare)
  • Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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14.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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15.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare)
  • Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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16.
  • Backes, Claudia, et al. (författare)
  • Production and processing of graphene and related materials
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 2D Materials. - : IOP Publishing. - 2053-1583. ; 7:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present an overview of the main techniques for production and processing of graphene and related materials (GRMs), as well as the key characterization procedures. We adopt a 'hands-on' approach, providing practical details and procedures as derived from literature as well as from the authors' experience, in order to enable the reader to reproduce the results. Section I is devoted to 'bottom up' approaches, whereby individual constituents are pieced together into more complex structures. We consider graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced either by solution processing or by on-surface synthesis in ultra high vacuum (UHV), as well carbon nanomembranes (CNM). Production of a variety of GNRs with tailored band gaps and edge shapes is now possible. CNMs can be tuned in terms of porosity, crystallinity and electronic behaviour. Section II covers 'top down' techniques. These rely on breaking down of a layered precursor, in the graphene case usually natural crystals like graphite or artificially synthesized materials, such as highly oriented pyrolythic graphite, monolayers or few layers (FL) flakes. The main focus of this section is on various exfoliation techniques in a liquid media, either intercalation or liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). The choice of precursor, exfoliation method, medium as well as the control of parameters such as time or temperature are crucial. A definite choice of parameters and conditions yields a particular material with specific properties that makes it more suitable for a targeted application. We cover protocols for the graphitic precursors to graphene oxide (GO). This is an important material for a range of applications in biomedicine, energy storage, nanocomposites, etc. Hummers' and modified Hummers' methods are used to make GO that subsequently can be reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a variety of strategies. GO flakes are also employed to prepare three-dimensional (3d) low density structures, such as sponges, foams, hydro- or aerogels. The assembly of flakes into 3d structures can provide improved mechanical properties. Aerogels with a highly open structure, with interconnected hierarchical pores, can enhance the accessibility to the whole surface area, as relevant for a number of applications, such as energy storage. The main recipes to yield graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are also discussed. GICs are suitable precursors for covalent functionalization of graphene, but can also be used for the synthesis of uncharged graphene in solution. Degradation of the molecules intercalated in GICs can be triggered by high temperature treatment or microwave irradiation, creating a gas pressure surge in graphite and exfoliation. Electrochemical exfoliation by applying a voltage in an electrolyte to a graphite electrode can be tuned by varying precursors, electrolytes and potential. Graphite electrodes can be either negatively or positively intercalated to obtain GICs that are subsequently exfoliated. We also discuss the materials that can be amenable to exfoliation, by employing a theoretical data-mining approach. The exfoliation of LMs usually results in a heterogeneous dispersion of flakes with different lateral size and thickness. This is a critical bottleneck for applications, and hinders the full exploitation of GRMs produced by solution processing. The establishment of procedures to control the morphological properties of exfoliated GRMs, which also need to be industrially scalable, is one of the key needs. Section III deals with the processing of flakes. (Ultra)centrifugation techniques have thus far been the most investigated to sort GRMs following ultrasonication, shear mixing, ball milling, microfluidization, and wet-jet milling. It allows sorting by size and thickness. Inks formulated from GRM dispersions can be printed using a number of processes, from inkjet to screen printing. Each technique has specific rheological requirements, as well as geometrical constraints. The solvent choice is critical, not only for the GRM stability, but also in terms of optimizing printing on different substrates, such as glass, Si, plastic, paper, etc, all with different surface energies. Chemical modifications of such substrates is also a key step. Sections IV-VII are devoted to the growth of GRMs on various substrates and their processing after growth to place them on the surface of choice for specific applications. The substrate for graphene growth is a key determinant of the nature and quality of the resultant film. The lattice mismatch between graphene and substrate influences the resulting crystallinity. Growth on insulators, such as SiO2, typically results in films with small crystallites, whereas growth on the close-packed surfaces of metals yields highly crystalline films. Section IV outlines the growth of graphene on SiC substrates. This satisfies the requirements for electronic applications, with well-defined graphene-substrate interface, low trapped impurities and no need for transfer. It also allows graphene structures and devices to be measured directly on the growth substrate. The flatness of the substrate results in graphene with minimal strain and ripples on large areas, allowing spectroscopies and surface science to be performed. We also discuss the surface engineering by intercalation of the resulting graphene, its integration with Si-wafers and the production of nanostructures with the desired shape, with no need for patterning. Section V deals with chemical vapour deposition (CVD) onto various transition metals and on insulators. Growth on Ni results in graphitized polycrystalline films. While the thickness of these films can be optimized by controlling the deposition parameters, such as the type of hydrocarbon precursor and temperature, it is difficult to attain single layer graphene (SLG) across large areas, owing to the simultaneous nucleation/growth and solution/precipitation mechanisms. The differing characteristics of polycrystalline Ni films facilitate the growth of graphitic layers at different rates, resulting in regions with differing numbers of graphitic layers. High-quality films can be grown on Cu. Cu is available in a variety of shapes and forms, such as foils, bulks, foams, thin films on other materials and powders, making it attractive for industrial production of large area graphene films. The push to use CVD graphene in applications has also triggered a research line for the direct growth on insulators. The quality of the resulting films is lower than possible to date on metals, but enough, in terms of transmittance and resistivity, for many applications as described in section V. Transfer technologies are the focus of section VI. CVD synthesis of graphene on metals and bottom up molecular approaches require SLG to be transferred to the final target substrates. To have technological impact, the advances in production of high-quality large-area CVD graphene must be commensurate with those on transfer and placement on the final substrates. This is a prerequisite for most applications, such as touch panels, anticorrosion coatings, transparent electrodes and gas sensors etc. New strategies have improved the transferred graphene quality, making CVD graphene a feasible option for CMOS foundries. Methods based on complete etching of the metal substrate in suitable etchants, typically iron chloride, ammonium persulfate, or hydrogen chloride although reliable, are time- and resource-consuming, with damage to graphene and production of metal and etchant residues. Electrochemical delamination in a low-concentration aqueous solution is an alternative. In this case metallic substrates can be reused. Dry transfer is less detrimental for the SLG quality, enabling a deterministic transfer. There is a large range of layered materials (LMs) beyond graphite. Only few of them have been already exfoliated and fully characterized. Section VII deals with the growth of some of these materials. Amongst them, h-BN, transition metal tri- and di-chalcogenides are of paramount importance. The growth of h-BN is at present considered essential for the development of graphene in (opto) electronic applications, as h-BN is ideal as capping layer or substrate. The interesting optical and electronic properties of TMDs also require the development of scalable methods for their production. Large scale growth using chemical/physical vapour deposition or thermal assisted conversion has been thus far limited to a small set, such as h-BN or some TMDs. Heterostructures could also be directly grown. Section VIII discusses advances in GRM functionalization. A broad range of organic molecules can be anchored to the sp(2) basal plane by reductive functionalization. Negatively charged graphene can be prepared in liquid phase (e.g. via intercalation chemistry or electrochemically) and can react with electrophiles. This can be achieved both in dispersion or on substrate. The functional groups of GO can be further derivatized. Graphene can also be noncovalently functionalized, in particular with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that assemble on the sp(2) carbon network by pi-pi stacking. In the liquid phase, this can enhance the colloidal stability of SLG/FLG. Approaches to achieve noncovalent on-substrate functionalization are also discussed, which can chemically dope graphene. Research efforts to derivatize CNMs are also summarized, as well as novel routes to selectively address defect sites. In dispersion, edges are the most dominant defects and can be covalently modified. This enhances colloidal stability without modifying the graphene basal plane. Basal plane point defects can also be modified, passivated and healed in ultra-high vacuum. The decoration of graphene with metal nanoparticles (NPs) has also received considerable attention, as it allows to exploit synergistic effects between NPs and graphene. Decoration can be either achieved chemically or in the gas phase. All LMs,
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17.
  • Beato, Marco, et al. (författare)
  • Current Guidelines for the Implementation of Flywheel Resistance Training Technology in Sports: A Consensus Statement
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : ADIS INT LTD. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035.
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundFlywheel resistance training has become more integrated within resistance training programs in a variety of sports due to the neuromuscular, strength, and task-specific enhancements reported with this training.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to present the consensus reached by internationally recognized experts during a meeting on current definitions and guidelines for the implementation of flywheel resistance training technology in sports.MethodsNineteen experts from different countries took part in the consensus process; 16 of them were present at the consensus meeting (18 May 2023) while three submitted their recommendations by e-mail. Prior to the meeting, evidence summaries were developed relating to areas of priority. This paper discusses the available evidence and consensus process from which recommendations were made regarding the appropriate use of flywheel resistance training technology in sports. The process to gain consensus had five steps: (1) performing a systematic review of systematic reviews, (2) updating the most recent umbrella review published on this topic, (3) first round discussion among a sample of the research group included in this consensus statement, (4) selection of research group members-process of the consensus meeting and formulation of the recommendations, and (5) the consensus process. The systematic analysis of the literature was performed to select the most up-to-date review papers available on the topic, which resulted in nine articles; their methodological quality was assessed according to AMSTAR 2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Review 2) and GRADE (Grading Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation). Statements and recommendations scoring 7-9 were considered appropriate.ResultsThe recommendations were based on the evidence summary and researchers' expertise; the consensus statement included three statements and seven recommendations for the use of flywheel resistance training technology. These statements and recommendations were anonymously voted on and qualitatively analyzed. The three statements reported a score ranging from 8.1 to 8.8, and therefore, all statements included in this consensus were considered appropriate. The recommendations (1-7) had a score ranging from 7.7 to 8.6, and therefore, all recommendations were considered appropriate.ConclusionsBecause of the consensus achieved among the experts in this project, it is suggested that practitioners and researchers should adopt the guidelines reported in this consensus statement regarding the use of flywheel resistance technology in sports.
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18.
  • Blanton, Michael R., et al. (författare)
  • Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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19.
  • Colomé, Núria, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-laboratory experiment PME11 for the standardization of phosphoproteome analysis
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier. - 1874-3919 .- 1876-7737. ; 251
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Global analysis of protein phosphorylation by mass spectrometry proteomic techniques has emerged in the last decades as a powerful tool in biological and biomedical research. However, there are several factors that make the global study of the phosphoproteome more challenging than measuring non-modified proteins. The low stoichiometry of the phosphorylated species and the need to retrieve residue specific information require particular attention on sample preparation, data acquisition and processing to ensure reproducibility, qualitative and quantitative robustness and ample phosphoproteome coverage in phosphoproteomic workflows. Aiming to investigate the effect of different variables in the performance of proteome wide phosphoprotein analysis protocols, ProteoRed-ISCIII and EuPA launched the Proteomics Multicentric Experiment 11 (PME11). A reference sample consisting of a yeast protein extract spiked in with different amounts of a phosphomix standard (Sigma/Merck) was distributed to 31 laboratories around the globe. Thirty-six datasets from 23 laboratories were analyzed. Our results indicate the suitability of the PME11 reference sample to benchmark and optimize phosphoproteomics strategies, weighing the influence of different factors, as well as to rank intra and inter laboratory performance.
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20.
  • de la Porte, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Strengthening European social rights via the work-life balance directive?
  • 2022
  • Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This deliverable examines the potential of the directive on work-life balance (WLBD) to increase the role of fathers in care, and thereby, to enhance possibilities for mothers to retain and strengthen their link to the labour market. The main instruments through which the directive seeks to lead to enhanced social rights for fathers/second carers are paternity leave (10 days, payable at the level of sick pay), and earmarked parental leave (2 months, with a high level of compensation). These provisions are examined in the national case studies, applying two components of the power resources framework: normative and instrumental resources. Regarding instrumental resources, we focus on easily accessible (digital) application procedures; the development of information targeted at workers, i.ethrough union representatives and/or HR departments; and targeted information campaigns. Concerning normative resources, in three countries that had long leave, but did not previously earmarked paid parental leave (Denmark, the Netherlands and Poland), the planned financial compensation for the new period of reserved leave will be relatively high, which can be conducive to take-up. Thus, the countries that were furthest away from the father-specific provisions pre-directive,are most ambitious regarding implementation of formal social rights. By contrast, for France, where the level of compensation for parental leave is very low, i.e. below the minimum income, changes to the level of compensation have not yet been settled. In Spain and Germany, which have relatively long reserved rights for fathers pre-directive, few changes are planned. However, even in countries with generous formal social rights to formally implement the WLBD, there are significant differences in the instrumental resources devoted to a shift from de jure to de facto use of social rights. Concerning accessible (digital) application procedures, this is extremely important to plan, to incentivize leave among fathers. Denmark is making plans to ensure that all citizens understand and have access to their (new) rights. In the Netherlands, similar efforts are underway, while in Poland, this is currently not being addressed, as the aim of the government is to maintain the status quo in terms of parental leave take-up (mainly by women). In Germany and France, there are, no new resources currently devoted to communicating or simplifying the application procedure. In both countries, it is highly complex, due to separate applications for leave and for financial compensation. The analysis shows that it is important to consider normative with instrumental social rights to understand the dynamics of potential take-up of rights. The deliverable concludes with policy recommendations to reap the benefits of the WLBD for European citizens, focusing on the importance of formal leave rights with high compensation, easily accessible and simple information about leave rights, to be communicated by unions & HR departments, easily accessible (digital) application procedures, clarity of terms related to leave and information campaigns targeted in sectors where take-up is low. 
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21.
  • Diez, Paula, et al. (författare)
  • Integration of Proteomics and Transcriptomics Data Sets for the Analysis of a Lymphoma B-Cell Line in the Context of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 14:9, s. 3530-3540
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A comprehensive study of the molecular active landscape of human cells can be undertaken to integrate two different but complementary perspectives: transcriptomics, and proteomics. After the genome era, proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool to simultaneously identify and characterize the compendium of thousands of different proteins active in a cell. Thus, the Chromosome-centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) is promoting a full characterization of the human proteome combining high-throughput proteomics with the data derived from genome-wide expression profiling of protein-coding genes. Here we present a full proteomic profiling of a human lymphoma B-cell line (Ramos) performed using a nanoUPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap Velos proteomic platform, combined to an in-depth transcriptomic profiling of the same cell type. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001933. Integration of the proteomic and transcriptomic data sets revealed a 94% overlap in the proteins identified by both -omics approaches. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis of the proteomic profiles showed an enrichment of several functions directly related to the biological and morphological characteristics of B-cells. In turn, about 30% of all protein-coding genes present in the whole human genome were identified as being expressed by the Ramos cells (stable average of 30% genes along all the chromosomes), revealing the size of the protein expression-set present in one specific human cell type. Additionally, the identification of missing proteins in our data sets has been reported, highlighting the power of the approach. Also, a comparison between neXtProt and UniProt database searches has been performed. In summary, our transcriptomic and proteomic experimental profiling provided a high coverage report of the expressed proteome from a human lymphoma B-cell type with a clear insight into the biological processes that characterized these cells. In this way, we demonstrated the usefulness of combining -omics for a comprehensive characterization of specific biological systems.
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22.
  • Engström, Olof, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of glycofullerene dynamics by NMR spectroscopy
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 13:32, s. 8750-8755
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Glycofullerenes, in which carbohydrate molecules are attached via a linker to a [60]fullerene core, facilitate spherical presentation of glyco-based epitopes. We herein investigate the dynamics of two glycofullerenes, having 12 and 36 mannose residues at their periphery, by NMR translational diffusion and quantitative C-13 relaxation studies employing a model-free approach for their interpretation. The sugar residues are shown to be highly flexible entities with S-2 < 0.2 in both compounds. Notably, the larger glycofullerene with longer linkers shows faster internal dynamics and higher flexibility than its smaller counterpart. The dynamics and flexibility as well as the slower translational diffusion of the larger glycofullerene, thereby favoring rebinding to a receptor, may together with its spatial extension explain why it is better than the smaller one at blocking the DC-SIGN receptor and inhibiting the infection by pseudotyped Ebola virus particles.
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23.
  • Ermakova, Olga, et al. (författare)
  • A combined study of the equation of state of monazite-type lanthanum orthovanadate using in situ high-pressure diffraction and ab initio calculations.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica. Section B: Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials. - 2052-5206. ; 70:Pt 3, s. 533-538
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lanthanum orthovanadate (LaVO4) is the only stable monazite-type rare-earth orthovanadate. In the present paper the equation of state of LaVO4 is studied using in situ high-pressure powder diffraction at room temperature, and ab initio calculations within the framework of the density functional theory. The parameters of a second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, i.e. those fitted to the experimental and theoretical data, are found to be in perfect agreement - in particular, the bulk moduli are almost identical, with values of 106 (1) and 105.8 (5) GPa, respectively. In agreement with recent reported experimental data, the compression is shown to be anisotropic. Its nature is comparable to that of some other monazite-type compounds. The softest compression direction is determined.
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24.
  • Gallego-Parra, Samuel, et al. (författare)
  • Pressure-induced order-disorder transitions in beta-In2S3 : an experimental and theoretical study of structural and vibrational properties
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 23:41, s. 23625-23642
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This joint experimental and theoretical study of the structural and vibrational properties of beta-In2S3 upon compression shows that this tetragonal defect spinel undergoes two reversible pressure-induced order-disorder transitions up to 20 GPa. We propose that the first high-pressure phase above 5.0 GPa has the cubic defect spinel structure of alpha-In2S3 and the second high-pressure phase (phi-In2S3) above 10.5 GPa has a defect alpha-NaFeO2-type (R3m) structure. This phase, related to the NaCl structure, has not been previously observed in spinels under compression and is related to both the tetradymite structure of topological insulators and to the defect LiTiO2 phase observed at high pressure in other thiospinels. Structural characterization of the three phases shows that alpha-In2S3 is softer than beta-In2S3 while phi-In2S3 is harder than beta-In2S3. Vibrational characterization of the three phases is also provided, and their Raman-active modes are tentatively assigned. Our work shows that the metastable alpha phase of In2S3 can be accessed not only by high temperature or varying composition, but also by high pressure. On top of that, the pressure-induced beta-alpha-phi sequence of phase transitions evidences that beta-In2S3, a BIII2XV3 compound with an intriguing structure typical of A(II)BIII(2)XVI(4) compounds (intermediate between thiospinels and ordered-vacancy compounds) undergoes: (i) a first phase transition at ambient pressure to a disordered spinel-type structure (alpha-In2S3), isostructural with those found at high pressure and high temperature in other BIII2XV3 compounds; and (ii) a second phase transition to the defect alpha-NaFeO2-type structure (phi-In2S3), a distorted NaCl-type structure that is related to the defect NaCl phase found at high pressure in A(II)BIII(2)XVI(4) ordered-vacancy compounds and to the defect LiTiO2-type phase found at high pressure in A(II)BIII(2)XVI(4) thiospinels. This result shows that In2S3 (with its intrinsic vacancies) has a similar pressure behaviour to thiospinels and ordered-vacancy compounds of the A(II)BIII(2)XVI(4) family, making beta-In2S3 the union link between such families of compounds and showing that group-13 thiospinels have more in common with ordered-vacancy compounds than with oxospinels and thiospinels with transition metals.
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25.
  • García-Gallego, Sandra, et al. (författare)
  • Anionic sulfonated and carboxylated PPI dendrimers with the EDA core : synthesis and characterization of selective metal complexing agents.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 42:16, s. 5874-89
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of new sulfonated and carboxylated poly(propyleneimino) (PPI) dendrimers with the ethylenediamino (EDA) core, at generations 1, 2 and 3. By means of UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy, using Cu(2+) as a probe, we concluded that these dendrimers show a specific pattern in the coordination of metal ions. In agreement with the UV-Vis studies, EPR spectra of carboxylated compounds are constituted by 3 different signals which appear and then disappear with increasing copper concentration, corresponding to the saturation of different copper complexation sites. At the lowest copper concentration up to a 1:1 molar ratio between Cu(II) and the dendrimer, the spectrum is characteristic of a CuN2O2 coordination at the core of the dendrimer. The spectrum appearing at higher Cu(II) concentrations indicates a peripheral location of the ions coordinating one nitrogen and 3 oxygen atoms in a square planar geometry in restricted mobility conditions. For the highest concentrations tested, copper ions are confined at the external dendrimer surface with CuO4 coordination. For sulfonate systems, the EPR results are in line with a weaker interaction of Cu(II) with the nitrogen sites and a stronger interaction with the oxygen (SO3(-)) groups with respect to the interactions measured by EPR for carboxylate systems.
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26.
  • Gorasso, Vanessa, et al. (författare)
  • Burden of disease attributable to risk factors in European countries: a scoping literature review
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 81:1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Within the framework of the burden of disease (BoD) approach, disease and injury burden estimates attributable to risk factors are a useful guide for policy formulation and priority setting in disease prevention. Considering the important differences in methods, and their impact on burden estimates, we conducted a scoping literature review to: (1) map the BoD assessments including risk factors performed across Europe; and (2) identify the methodological choices in comparative risk assessment (CRA) and risk assessment methods. Methods: We searched multiple literature databases, including grey literature websites and targeted public health agencies websites. Results: A total of 113 studies were included in the synthesis and further divided into independent BoD assessments (54 studies) and studies linked to the Global Burden of Disease (59 papers). Our results showed that the methods used to perform CRA varied substantially across independent European BoD studies. While there were some methodological choices that were more common than others, we did not observe patterns in terms of country, year or risk factor. Each methodological choice can affect the comparability of estimates between and within countries and/or risk factors, since they might significantly influence the quantification of the attributable burden. From our analysis we observed that the use of CRA was less common for some types of risk factors and outcomes. These included environmental and occupational risk factors, which are more likely to use bottom-up approaches for health outcomes where disease envelopes may not be available. Conclusions: Our review also highlighted misreporting, the lack of uncertainty analysis and the under-investigation of causal relationships in BoD studies. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting BoD studies will help understand differences, avoid misinterpretations thus improving comparability among estimates.
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27.
  • Jacobson, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • Final testing protocols
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This report is the final document summarizing the inspection and testing protocols of the eVALUE project. It describes principles, inspection protocols and testing protocols for performance testing of ICT-based safety systems. The inspection protocols (published earlier in D2.2) and the testing protocols introduced in D3.1 are replaced by the ones in D3.2. The older versions are obsolete and should be disregarded. The inspection protocols cover the definition of the test vehicle, HMI aspects, environmental conditions, and functional safety. The inspection protocols are used to prepare for the physical tests as well as evaluating the performance of the vehicle. The testing protocols address longitudinal, lateral, and stability-oriented traffic scenarios. The longitudinal scenarios include a pedestrian crossing the road in front of the vehicle, or the situation where a driver approaches a stationary queue of cars. Involuntarily lane departures and cars in the blind spot during a lane change are situations covered by the lateral scenarios. Exiting a highway, avoiding an obstacle, and braking on a partially ice-covered road surface are examples of traffic scenarios related to stability.
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28.
  • Javier Navarro, Ignacio, et al. (författare)
  • Life cycle sustainability assessment for multi-criteria decision making in bridge design: A review
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Civil Engineering and Management. - : Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. - 1822-3605 .- 1392-3730. ; 26:7, s. 690-704
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sustainable design of infrastructures has become a major matter of study since the recent establishment of the Agenda 2030. This paper provides a systematic literature review on the use of multi-criteria decision making techniques used so far for the sustainable design of bridges. Special attention is put as well on how the reviewed studies assess the sustainable performance of bridge designs along their life cycle from the economic, the environmental and the social perspective. Although SAW and AHP are recurrently used in the sustainable assessment of bridges, the analysis of the most recent articles show that the application of TOPSIS and PROMETHEE techniques are gaining increasing relevance for such purpose. Most of the studies focus on the research of the construction and the maintenance stage of bridges. However, a need for further analysis is identified when it comes to the assessment of the impacts resulting from the End of Life cycle stage of bridges from a sustainable point of view. The use of intuitionistic and neutrosophic logic have been detected as emerging alternatives to the fuzzy approach of decision making problems.
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29.
  • Kehoe, Laura, et al. (författare)
  • Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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30.
  • Llinàs-Arias, Pere, et al. (författare)
  • 3-D chromatin conformation, accessibility, and gene expression profiling of triple-negative breast cancer
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: BMC Genomic Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2730-6844. ; 24:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. Unlike other breast cancer subtypes, the scarcity of specific therapies and greater frequencies of distant metastases contribute to its aggressiveness. We aimed to find epigenetic changes that aid in the understanding of the dissemination process of these cancers. Data description: Using CRISPR/Cas9, our experimental approach led us to identify and disrupt an insulator element, IE8, whose activity seemed relevant for cell invasion. The experiments were performed in two well-established TNBC cellular models, the MDA-MB-231 and the MDA-MB-436. To gain insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of TNBC invasion ability, we generated and characterized high-resolution chromatin interaction (Hi-C) and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) maps in both cell models and complemented these datasets with gene expression profiling (RNA-seq) in MDA-MB-231, the cell line that showed more significant changes in chromatin accessibility. Altogether, our data provide a comprehensive resource for understanding the spatial organization of the genome in TNBC cells, which may contribute to accelerating the discovery of TNBC-specific alterations triggering advances for this devastating disease.
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31.
  • Mourkas, Evangelos, et al. (författare)
  • Host ecology regulates interspecies recombination in bacteria of the genus Campylobacter
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd.. - 2050-084X. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can allow traits that have evolved in one bacterial species to transfer to another. This has potential to rapidly promote new adaptive trajectories such as zoonotic transfer or antimicrobial resistance. However, for this to occur requires gaps to align in barriers to recombination within a given time frame. Chief among these barriers is the physical separation of species with distinct ecologies in separate niches. Within the genus Campylobacter, there are species with divergent ecologies, from rarely isolated single-host specialists to multihost generalist species that are among the most common global causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis. Here, by characterizing these contrasting ecologies, we can quantify HGT among sympatric and allopatric species in natural populations. Analyzing recipient and donor population ancestry among genomes from 30 Campylobacter species, we show that cohabitation in the same host can lead to a six-fold increase in HGT between species. This accounts for up to 30% of all SNPs within a given species and identifies highly recombinogenic genes with functions including host adaptation and antimicrobial resistance. As described in some animal and plant species, ecological factors are a major evolutionary force for speciation in bacteria and changes to the host landscape can promote partial convergence of distinct species through HGT.
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32.
  • Munoz-Garcia, Ana Belen, et al. (författare)
  • Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Chemical Society Reviews. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0306-0012 .- 1460-4744. ; 50:22, s. 12450-12550
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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33.
  • Natalino Da Silva, Carlos, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • A Flexible and Scalable ML-Based Diagnosis Module for Optical Networks: A Security Use Case
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 15:8, s. C155-C165
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To support the pervasive digital evolution, optical network infrastructures must be able to quickly and effectively adapt to the changes arising from traffic dynamicity or external factors such as faults and attacks. Network automation is crucial for enabling dynamic, scalable, resource-efficient, and trustworthy network operations. Novel telemetry solutions enable optical network management systems to obtain fine-grained monitoring data from devices and channels as the first step towards the near-real-time diagnosis of anomalies such as security threats and soft failures. However, the collection of large amounts of data creates a scalability challenge related to processing the data within the desired monitoring cycle regardless of the number of optical services being analyzed. This paper proposes a module that leverages the cloud native software deployment approach to achieve near-real-time \ac{ML}-assisted diagnosis of optical channels. The results obtained over an emulated physical-layer security scenario demonstrate that the architecture successfully scales the necessary components according to the computational load, and consistently achieves the desired monitoring cycle duration over a varying number of monitored optical channels.
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34.
  • Ordeig, Olga, et al. (författare)
  • On-Chip Electric Field Driven Electrochemical Detection Using a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microchannel with Gold Microband Electrodes
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 80:10, s. 3622-3632
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An external electric field driven in-channel detection technique for on-chip electrochemical detection in micro fabricated devices is described based on a microfluidic system containing an array of 20 microband electrodes. It is shown that an external electric field induces a potential difference between two gold microband electrodes in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannel, and that this enables the electrochemical detection of electroactive species such as ascorbic acid and Fe(CN)64−. The results, which are supported by simulations of the behavior of the microband electrodes in the microfluidic system, show that the induced potential difference between the electrodes can be controlled by altering the external electric field or by using different microbands in the microband array. As the obtained currents depend on the concentrations of electroactive species in the flowing solution and the detection can be carried out anywhere within the channel without interference of the external electric field, the present approach significantly facilitates electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis. This approach consequently holds great promise for application in inexpensive portable chip-based capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices.
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35.
  • Paszkowicz, Wojciech, et al. (författare)
  • Equation of state and electronic properties of EuVO4: A high-pressure experimental and computational study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388. ; 648, s. 1005-1016
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Structural, elastic and electronic properties of zircon-type and scheelite-type EuVO4 are investigated experimentally, by in-situ X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation, and theoretically within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) and using the PBE prescription of the exchange-correlation energy. This study was motivated by the fact that the previous knowledge of the equation of state (EOS) was inconclusive due to a large scatter of the experimental and theoretical data, and by the lack of information on the dependence of the electronic structure with pressure. Under the applied experimental conditions, the zircon-type structure transforms to a scheelite-type one at 7.4(2) GPa, whereas the calculations yield a lower zircon-scheelite-coexistence pressure of 4.8 GPa. The experimental part of the study shows that the bulk modulus of the zircon-type phase is 119(3) GPa, perfectly supported by the DFT-calculated value, 119.1 GPa. The bulk modulus for the scheelite-type polymorph is higher, with an experimental value of 135(7) GPa and a theoretical one of 137.4 GPa. Compared to those reported in previous experimental and DFT or semiempirical works, the present values for the zircon-type phase are comparable or slightly lower, whereas those for the scheelite-type phase are markedly lower. Discrepancies between the present results and earlier reported ones are attributed to differences in details of the experimental method such as the pressure transmitting medium and the pressure calibration method. The calculated band structure confirms that zircon-type EuVO4 is a direct-gap semiconductor, with a bandgap energy at zero pressure of 2.88 eV. Under compression, the bandgap of the zircon phase increases with a coefficient of 10.3 meV/GPa up to the transition pressure, at which point the present calculations show a small drop of the bandgap energy. Above the transition pressure, the bandgap energy of the scheelite phase becomes almost constant, with a small pressure coefficient of just 1.5 meV/GPa. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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36.
  • Ravikumar, Sadhana, et al. (författare)
  • Ex vivo MRI atlas of the human medial temporal lobe : characterizing neurodegeneration due to tau pathology
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tau neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is closely linked to neurodegeneration, and is the early pathological change associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To elucidate patterns of structural change in the MTL specifically associated with tau pathology, we compared high-resolution ex vivo MRI scans of human postmortem MTL specimens with histology-based pathological assessments of the MTL. MTL specimens were obtained from twenty-nine brain donors, including patients with AD, other dementias, and individuals with no known history of neurological disease. Ex vivo MRI scans were combined using a customized groupwise diffeomorphic registration approach to construct a 3D probabilistic atlas that captures the anatomical variability of the MTL. Using serial histology imaging in eleven specimens, we labelled the MTL subregions in the atlas based on cytoarchitecture. Leveraging the atlas and neuropathological ratings of tau and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology severity, morphometric analysis was performed to correlate regional MTL thickness with the severity of tau pathology, after correcting for age and TDP-43 pathology. We found significant correlations between tau pathology and thickness in the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (SRLM). When focusing on cases with low levels of TDP-43 pathology, we found strong associations between tau pathology and thickness in the ERC, SRLM and the subiculum/cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subfields of the hippocampus, consistent with early Braak stages.
  •  
37.
  • Ravikumar, Sadhana, et al. (författare)
  • Improved Segmentation of Deep Sulci in Cortical Gray Matter Using a Deep Learning Framework Incorporating Laplace’s Equation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Information Processing in Medical Imaging - 28th International Conference, IPMI 2023, Proceedings. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783031340475 ; 13939 LNCS, s. 692-704
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • When developing tools for automated cortical segmentation, the ability to produce topologically correct segmentations is important in order to compute geometrically valid morphometry measures. In practice, accurate cortical segmentation is challenged by image artifacts and the highly convoluted anatomy of the cortex itself. To address this, we propose a novel deep learning-based cortical segmentation method in which prior knowledge about the geometry of the cortex is incorporated into the network during the training process. We design a loss function which uses the theory of Laplace’s equation applied to the cortex to locally penalize unresolved boundaries between tightly folded sulci. Using an ex vivo MRI dataset of human medial temporal lobe specimens, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms baseline segmentation networks, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
  •  
38.
  • Ravikumar, Sadhana, et al. (författare)
  • Unfolding the Medial Temporal Lobe Cortex to Characterize Neurodegeneration Due to Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology Using Ex vivo Imaging
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Machine Learning in Clinical Neuroimaging - 4th International Workshop, MLCN 2021, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2021, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783030875855 ; 13001 LNCS, s. 3-12
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is closely linked to neurodegeneration, and is the early pathological change associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this work, we investigate the relationship between MTL morphometry features derived from high-resolution ex vivo imaging and histology-based measures of NFT pathology using a topological unfolding framework applied to a dataset of 18 human postmortem MTL specimens. The MTL has a complex 3D topography and exhibits a high degree of inter-subject variability in cortical folding patterns which poses a significant challenge for volumetric registration methods typically used during MRI template construction. By unfolding the MTL cortex, the proposed framework explicitly accounts for the sheet-like geometry of the MTL cortex and provides a two-dimensional reference coordinate space which can be used to implicitly register cortical folding patterns across specimens based on distance along the cortex despite large anatomical variability. Leveraging this framework in a subset of 15 specimens, we characterize the associations between NFTs and morphological features such as cortical thickness and surface curvature and identify regions in the MTL where patterns of atrophy are strongly correlated with NFT pathology.
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39.
  • Roh, Hyung S., et al. (författare)
  • Integrating Color Deconvolution Thresholding and Weakly Supervised Learning for Automated Segmentation of Neurofibrillary Tangle and Neuropil Threads
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2023 : Digital and Computational Pathology - Digital and Computational Pathology. - 1605-7422. - 9781510660472 ; 12471
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins are known to be a major indicator of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with strong association with memory loss and cognitive decline. Automated generation of pixel-wise accurate neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuropil threads (NTs) segmentation is a challenging task, due to lack of ground truth segmentation data of these abnormal tau pathology. This problem is most prominent in the case of segmenting NTs, where the small threadlike morphology makes pixel-wise labeling a laborious task and unrealistic for large-scale studies. Lack of ground truth data poses a significant limitation for many learning-based methods to generate accurate segmentations of NFTs and NTs. This work presents an automated pipeline for pixel level segmentation of NFTs and NTs that does not rely on ground truth segmentation data. The pipeline is composed of four main steps: (1) color deconvolution is used to separate histopathology images into staining channels (DAB, Hematoxylin, and Eosin), (2) Otsu's thresholding is used on the DAB stain channel to generate pixel level segmentation of abnormal tau proteins staining, (3) a weakly-supervised learning paradigm (WildCat), using only global descriptors of images, is used to generate density maps of potential regions of NFTs and NTs, and (4) density maps and segmentations are then integrated using connected component analysis to localize NFTs and NTs in the detected tau segmentations. Our results show high global classification accuracy for NFTs (Acc:0.96) and NTs (Acc:0.91), and statistically significant distinctions when evaluating the percent area occupied of the detected NTs relative to expert ratings of NTs severity. Qualitative assessment of the NFTs and NTs results showed accurate pixel-level segmentations of the NFTs, while modest performance for NTs.
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40.
  • Romeralo, Carmen, et al. (författare)
  • Pine species determine fungal microbiome composition in a common garden experiment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The factors shaping the composition of microbial communities in trees remain poorly understood. We evaluated whether the core and satellite fungal communities in five pine species (Pinus radiata, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, and Pinus uncinata) were shaped by the host species identity. Because the trees had earlier been inoculated with a fungal pathogen (Fusarium circinatum), we also explored the possibilities to detect its presence and potential co-occurrence networks. We found interspecific variation in the fungal community composition and abundance among the different tree species and the existence of a core microbiome that was independent of the host species. The presence of F. circinatum was confirmed in some samples through qPCR but the pathogen did not co-occur with a specific fungal community. The results highlight the importance of host species as a determinant of microbiome assembly in common environments.
  •  
41.
  • Svoboda, Jiří, et al. (författare)
  • Dramatic Drop in the X-Ray Polarization of Swift J1727.8–1613 in the Soft Spectral State
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 966:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Black hole X-ray binaries exhibit different spectral and timing properties in different accretion states. The X-ray outburst of a recently discovered and extraordinarily bright source, Swift J1727.8–1613, has enabled the first investigation of how the X-ray polarization properties of a source evolve with spectral state. The 2–8 keV polarization degree was previously measured by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) to be ≈4% in the hard and hard intermediate states. Here we present new IXPE results taken in the soft state, with the X-ray flux dominated by the thermal accretion disk emission. We find that the polarization degree has dropped dramatically to ≲1%. This result indicates that the measured X-ray polarization is largely sensitive to the accretion state and the polarization fraction is significantly higher in the hard state when the X-ray emission is dominated by upscattered radiation in the X-ray corona. The combined polarization measurements in the soft and hard states disfavor a very high or low inclination of the system.
  •  
42.
  • The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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43.
  •  
44.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of Effective and Minimal Slab Widths for Evaluating the Shear Capacity of RC Overhang Slabs
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nordic Concrete Research. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0800-6377. ; 68:1, s. 64-85
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effective width is a relevant parameter for the design of bridge overhang slabs under concentrated loads. Experimental tests have been used to assess expressions for its calculation. However, the load capacity increases with the width until a transition area is reached. Test specimens may have lacked enough width to reach full shear capacity, affecting thus the evaluation of the results. On the other hand, within the transition area, a threshold value has been hypothesized to match the effective width. This paper aims to provide recommendations for minimal widths that guarantee the full capacity of overhang slabs and to assess the calculation of the effective width by means of the threshold value and other formulations. The effect of the edge beam is also considered. A campaign of validated non-linear FE-simulations based on experiments on range of width-span ratios was performed. The results suggest using a width-span ratio of at least 4.0 for slabs without an edge beam and 5.3 for slabs with an edge beam for the experimental practice. The efficiency of the formulation for the effective widths is diffuse and the use of threshold value leads to unsafe predictions. Instead, linear-elastic FE-analyses are recommended for the design practice.
  •  
45.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989- (författare)
  • Bridge Edge Beams : LCCA and Structural Analysis for the Evaluation of New Concepts
  • 2016
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bridge edge beams in Sweden may involve up to 60% of the life-cyclemeasure costs incurred along the road bridge’s life span. Moreover, usercosts as means of traffic disturbances are caused. Consequently, the SwedishTransport Administration started a project to find better alternativeedge beam design proposals for the society.The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the development of bridgeedge beam solutions that can result better for the society in terms of totalcost and still fulfill the functional requirements, through the evaluation ofnew concepts. A life-cycle cost analysis was carried out to assess the proposedalternatives. The results served as a guidance to identify alternativesthat could qualify for more detailed studies. One such proposal wasa solution without edge beam. Since the edge beam is known to distributeconcentrated loads, the removal of such member could lead to loss ofrobustness of concrete bridge deck slabs. Thus, a structural analysis todetermine the influence of the edge beam was performed through nonlinearfinite-element modelling validated from experimental evidenceavailable in the literature. An assessment of the existing calculationmethods for the overhang slab is also presented.The results show that the edge beam behaves as a load-carrying memberwhich contributes to a wider distribution of shear forces. An increasedload resisting capacity for reinforced concrete bridge deck overhang slabswas documented. The removal of the edge beam would imply loss of robustnessin the bridge, which might have to be counteracted by an increaseof the thickness of the deck slab.
  •  
46.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989- (författare)
  • Bridge Overhang Slabs with Edge Beams : LCCA and Structural Analysis for the Development of New Concepts
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bridge edge beams are associated with high life-cycle costs because of the need of maintenance, which also causes traffic disturbances. For this reason, the Swedish Transport Administration started a project to find better solutions. One of the proposals was a design without edge beam. However, the edge beam contributesto the load distribution and its removal would imply a loss of robustness, especially in bridges with overhang slabs. The efficiency of this effect depends onthe width of the overhang slab. Moreover, the width of the slab in itself, even inthe absence of an edge beam, may influence the load capacity of the structure. These aspects are paramount for the performance of tests that study the shear capacity of overhang slabs and assess design methods.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of functional edge beam solutions in terms of cost and investigate the structural behavior of bridge overhang slabs with edge beams. A life-cycle cost analysis was the method to evaluate and identify edge beam alternatives that could qualify for further studies, including the use of stainless steel. Non-linear FE-analyses validated from experimental tests were used to investigate the influence of this member and the width of the overhang slab on the structural behavior under concentrated loads. Recommendations for minimal widths that ensure full load capacity of experimental specimens and an assessment of the existing calculation methods with special emphasis on the effective width were also studied.The outcome led to the implementation of new edge beam solutions. The results showed that the influence of the edge beam is not only quantitative due to its load-carrying function but also qualitative as it may affect the failure mode. The load capacity increased with the width until a threshold was reached. The mechanisms behind were the increase of shear capacity and the distribution of the forces sideways, with an eventual redistribution. Recommendations for minimal widths that ensure full capacity were presented for its consideration in the design of experimental tests, with or without edge beams. Effective widths are practical for a preliminary design but may lead to unreliable estimates. Modified approaches given the control section and the presence of an edge beam were proposed.
  •  
47.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Development and implementation of a new steel bridge edge beam for a cost-efficient replacement
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IABSE Congress Stockholm, 2016. - : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). - 9783857481444 ; , s. 802-809
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bridge edge beam replacements in Sweden imply high life-cycle measure costs during the bridge's life span. Moreover, the long duration of roadworks with a partial or full closure of the bridge causes significant user costs. The Swedish Transport Administration presented new edge beam solutions that could be better for the society in terms of cost. The purpose of this paper is to present the development and implementation processes of a new steel edge beam in a bridge project and evaluate its cost-efficiency. The design and planning phase is described addressing the challenges encountered and explaining the execution of the works. A life-cycle cost analysis is performed to compare with the standard concrete integrated edge beam. The steel edge beam results in a cost-efficient alternative for an edge beam replacement because of the lower life-cycle costs due to a faster execution of works and good working conditions.
  •  
48.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Implementation and cost-efficiency of stainless steel bridge edge beams
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IABSE Congress Stockholm, 2016. - : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). - 9783857481444 ; , s. 819-826
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bridge edge beams may take up to 60% of the life-cycle measure costs of a bridge and cause considerable user costs because of roadworks. The Swedish Transport Administration presented new edge beam solutions that could become better for the society in terms of cost. Stainless steel has been considered for enhanced durability, preventing expensive maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to motivate the use of stainless steel in the solutions proposed. A life-cycle cost analysis is carried out to evaluate the cost-efficiency of a concrete integrated edge beam with stainless and carbon steel reinforcement in a bridge project. The influence of the discount rate is addressed by a sensitivity analysis. Stainless steel is shown to lead to cost-efficient edge beam solutions. Low discount rates encourage using better quality designs with higher investment costs but lower lifecycle measure costs and user costs, which supports the use of stainless steel.
  •  
49.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of Edge Beam on Behavior of Bridge Overhangs
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: ACI Structural Journal. - : American Concrete Institute. - 0889-3241 .- 1944-7361. ; 115:4, s. 957-970
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, a solution without edge beam was presented to reduce life cycle costs in bridges. Because bridge edge beams contribute to an increased load capacity of overhang slabs, the loss of robustness of the overhang should be investigated. The aim of this paper is to investigate and quantify the influence of the edge beam on the structural behavior of overhang slabs. A nonlinear, three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model was developed and validated using experimental data. Failure modes as well as the shearing and bending moment capacities were determined. An assessment of existing design methods is also presented. The results show the edge beam has a significant contribution to the load capacity. Specifically, the shear force is more efficiently distributed for concentrated loads near the free edge. Design methods should be reviewed to account for the edge beam's influence in the load-bearing capacity of the overhang slab.
  •  
50.
  • Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Life-cycle cost analysis as a tool in the developing process for new bridge edge beam solutions
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 12:9, s. 1185-1201
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Currently in Sweden, the life-cycle measures applied on bridge edge beams may take up to 60% of the total costs incurred along the road bridges’ life span. Moreover, significant disturbances for the road users are caused. Therefore, the Swedish Transport Administration has started a project to develop alternative edge beam design solutions that are better for society in terms of cost. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether these proposals can qualify for more detailed studies through an evaluation and comparison based on a comprehensive life-cycle cost analysis. The alternatives including the standard design are applied to typical Swedish bridges. The impact of the values of the parameters with the largest influence is investigated by sensitivity analyses. Results with different life-cycle strategies are shown. The positive influences in the total life-cycle cost of a stainless steel reinforced solution and of the enhanced construction technique are estimated. The concrete edge beam integrated with the deck seems to be favourable, which is in line with international experience observed. Different designs may be appropriate depending on the bridge case and the life-cycle strategy. The Swedish Transport Administration will carry out a demonstration project in a bridge with one of the proposals.
  •  
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