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Sökning: WFRF:(Myrelid Pär 1970 )

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1.
  • Svensson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Validating microscopic colitis (MC) in Swedish pathology registers
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Microscopic colitis (MC), encompassing collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), is a diagnosis which relies on histopathologic criteria. This report examines the validity of having a diagnosis of MC in Swedish pathology registers.METHODS: We reviewed patient charts from 215 randomly selected individuals from 15 pathology departments in five healthcare regions in Sweden with a relevant histopathology code for MC on colon biopsies. Information on clinical symptoms and laboratory data were obtained from medical chart review. We obtained sufficient data on 211 individuals for calculating positive predictive values (PPVs) for MC.RESULTS: In total, 200/211 patients with a histopathology diagnosis of MC were confirmed as also having a clinical diagnosis of MC after chart review, yielding a PPV of 95% (95%CI =91-97%). The PPV for CC was 95% (95%CI =87-98%) and 85% for LC (95%CI =78-90%). The median age at biopsy was 67 years (range 17-90 years), and 72% (n = 154) were women. The most common symptoms in patients with MC histopathology were diarrhea (96% of patients), weight loss (24%) and abdominal pain (13%). Four percent (4/111) of patients with available data on stool culture were positive for gastrointestinal pathogens (none had Clostridium difficile). In 81 patients with available celiac serology, five (6%) were positive. Twenty-six percent of all patients had at least one other autoimmune disease, the most frequent being hypothyroidism (8%) and celiac disease (6%).CONCLUSIONS: This study found a high validity for MC as recorded in Swedish pathology registers.
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2.
  • Everhov, Åsa H., et al. (författare)
  • Increasing healthcare costs in inflammatory bowel disease 2007-2020 in Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 58:7, s. 692-703
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease has been linked to increasing healthcare costs, but longitudinal data on other societal costs are scarce.AIM: To assess costs, including productivity losses, in patients with prevalent Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in Sweden between 2007 and 2020.METHODS: We linked data from national registers on all patients with CD or UC and a matched (sex, birthyear, healthcare region and education) reference population. We assessed mean costs/year in Euros, inflation-adjusted to 2020, for hospitalisations, out-patient visits, medications, sick leave and disability pension. We defined excess costs as the mean difference between patients and matched comparators.RESULTS: Between 2007 and 2020, absolute mean annual societal costs in working-age (18-64 years) individuals decreased by 17% in CD (-24% in the comparators) and by 20% in UC (-27% in comparators), due to decreasing costs from sick leave and disability, a consequence of stricter sick leave regulations. Excess costs in 2007 were dominated by productivity losses. In 2020, excess costs were mostly healthcare costs. Absolute and excess costs increased in paediatric and elderly patients. Overall, costs for TNF inhibitors/targeted therapies increased by 274% in CD and 638% in UC, and the proportion treated increased from 5% to 26% in CD, and from 1% to 10% in UC.CONCLUSION: Between 2007 and 2020, excess costs shifted from productivity losses to direct healthcare costs; that is, the patients' compensation for sickness absence decreased, while society increased its spending on medications. Medication costs were driven both by expanding use of TNF inhibitors and by high costs for newer targeted therapies.
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3.
  • Jakobsson, G. L., et al. (författare)
  • Validating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Quality Register for IBD (SWIBREG)
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 52:2, s. 216-221
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Both the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) and the Swedish Quality Register for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, SWIBREG) are important sources of research data and information. However, the validity of a diagnosis of IBD in these registers is unknown. Methods: Medical charts of 129 randomly selected patients from the NPR and 165 patients registered both in SWIBREG and the NPR were reviewed. Patients were classified according to standardized criteria for ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), or IBD unclassified (IBD-U). Positive predictive values (PPVs) for UC, CD, IBD-U (only SWIBREG), or having any form of IBD were then calculated. Results: For cases with >= 2 diagnoses of IBD in the NPR (hospitalizations or non-primary care outpatient visits), the PPV was 93% (95% CI: 87-97) for any IBD, 79% (66-88) for UC and 72% (60-82) for CD. In UC patients with >= 2 UC diagnoses but never a CD diagnosis, the PPV increased to 90% (77-97). The PPV for CD in patients with >= 2 CD diagnoses but never a UC diagnosis was 81% (67-91)). Combining data from SWIBREG (>= 1 record) and the NPR (>= 1 record), the PPV was 99% for any IBD (97-100), 96% (89-99) for UC, and 90% (82-96) for CD. Conclusion: The validity of the UC, CD, and IBD diagnoses is high in the NPR but even higher when cases were identified both in SWIBREG and the NPR. These results underline the need for a well-functioning Swedish Quality Register for IBD as a complement to the NPR.
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4.
  • Mårild, Karl, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Histologic activity in inflammatory bowel disease and risk of serious infections : A nationwide study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 22:4, s. 831-846
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of serious infections, but whether this risk varies by histological disease activity is unclear.METHODS: A national population-based study of 55,626 individuals diagnosed with IBD in 1990-2016 with longitudinal data on ileo-colorectal biopsies followed through 2016. Serious infections were defined as having an inpatient infectious disease diagnosis in the Swedish National Patient Register. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for serious infections in the 12 months following documentation of histologic inflammation (vs. histological remission), adjusting for social and demographic factors, chronic comorbidities, prior IBD-related surgery and hospitalization. We also adjusted for IBD-related medications in sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: With histological inflammation vs. remission, there was 4.62 (95%CI=4.46-4.78) and 2.53 (95%CI=2.36-2.70) serious infections per 100 person-years of follow-up, respectively (adjusted [a]HR=1.59; 95%CI=1.48-1.72). Histological inflammation (vs. remission) were associated with an increased risk of serious infections in ulcerative colitis (UC, aHR=1.68; 95%CI=1.51-1.87) and Crohn's disease (CD, aHR=1.59; 95%CI=1.40-1.80). The aHRs of sepsis and opportunistic infections were 1.66 (95%CI=1.28-2.15) and 1.71 (95%CI=1.22-2.41), respectively. Overall, results were consistent across age groups, sex and education level and remained largely unchanged after adjustment for IBD-related medications (aHR=1.47; 95%CI=1.34-1.61).CONCLUSION: Histological inflammation of IBD was an independent risk factor of serious infections, including sepsis, suggesting that achieving histological remission may reduce infections in IBD.
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5.
  • Olén, Ola, et al. (författare)
  • Increasing Risk of Lymphoma Over Time in Crohn's Disease but Not in Ulcerative Colitis : A Scandinavian Cohort Study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 21:12, s. 3132-3142
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: Earlier studies have provided varying risk estimates for lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but often have been limited by detection biases (especially during the first year of follow-up evaluation), misclassification, and small sample size; and rarely reflect modern-day management of IBD.Methods: We performed a binational register-based cohort study (Sweden and Denmark) from 1969 to 2019. We compared 164,716 patients with IBD with 1,639,027 matched general population reference individuals. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident lymphoma by lymphoma subtype, excluding the first year of follow-up evaluation.Results: From 1969 to 2019, 258 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 479 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 6675 matched reference individuals developed lymphoma. This corresponded to incidence rates of 35 (CD) and 34 (UC) per 100,000 person-years in IBD patients, compared with 28 and 33 per 100,000 person-years in their matched reference individuals. Although both CD (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16–1.50) and UC (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20) were associated with an increase in lymphoma, the 10-year cumulative incidence difference was low even in CD patients (0.08%; 95% CI, 0.02–0.13). HRs have increased in the past 2 decades, corresponding to increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics during the same time period. HRs were increased for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD and UC patients, and for T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in CD patients. Although the highest HRs were observed in patients exposed to combination therapy (immunomodulators and biologics) or second-line biologics, we also found increased HRs in patients naïve to such drugs.Conclusions: During the past 20 years, the risk of lymphomas have increased in CD, but not in UC, and were driven mainly by T-cell lymphomas and aggressive B-cell lymphomas. 
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6.
  • Rundquist, Sara, 1992-, et al. (författare)
  • Drug survival of anti-TNF agents compared with vedolizumab as a second-line biological treatment in inflammatory bowel disease : results from nationwide Swedish registers
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Blackwell Science Ltd.. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 53:4, s. 471-483
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Comparisons of second-line anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents and vedolizumab are sparse.AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-TNF agents compared to vedolizumab as second-line biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS: A propensity score-matched cohort was created using Swedish nationwide registers. Patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, exposed to first-line anti-TNF treatment, who initiated a second anti-TNF agent or vedolizumab in 2014-2016 (N = 1363) were included. The primary outcome was drug survival at 12 months. Secondarily, we assessed survival without IBD-related hospitalisation, IBD-related surgery, antibiotics, or hospitalisation because of infection, and also corticosteroid exposure.RESULTS: After 1:1 propensity score matching, 400 patients (Crohn's disease, N = 198; ulcerative colitis, N = 202) remained. For Crohn's disease, drug survival was 73% in the vedolizumab group vs 74% in the anti-TNF group (difference: 1 percentage point; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-11-13; P = 0.87). Survival without IBD-related hospitalisation (82% vs 88%), surgery (82% vs 89%), antibiotics (65% vs 71%), hospitalisation due to infection (95% vs 88%) and corticosteroids (58% vs 48%) were not statistically significantly different between groups. For ulcerative colitis, drug survival was 69% in the vedolizumab group vs 62% in the anti-TNF group (difference: -7 percentage points; 95% CI: -20 to 6; P = 0.30). Vedolizumab-treated patients had lower survival without IBD-related hospitalisation (82% vs 93%, P = 0.02). Survival without colectomy (93% vs 97%), antibiotics (81% vs 70%), hospitalisation due to infection (92% vs 92%) and corticosteroids (58% vs 48%) were not statistically significantly different.CONCLUSIONS: Based on Swedish clinical practice, the effectiveness and safety of second-line anti-TNF and vedolizumab at 12 months appeared largely similar.
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7.
  • Shrestha, Sarita, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Association between inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthritis : findings from a nationwide study in Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479 .- 1197-4982. ; 16:1, s. 1540-1550
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with spondyloarthritis (SpA), but population-based estimates are scarce. Here we compare the occurrence of SpA before and after a diagnosis of IBD to the general population, overall and by IBD subtype and age.METHODS: We used a nationwide register-based cohort study of 39,203 patients diagnosed with IBD during 2006-2016, identified from Swedish registers and gastrointestinal biopsy data, and 390,490 matched reference individuals from the general population. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for a prior (prevalent) SpA diagnosis and conditional Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for a subsequent (incident) SpA diagnosis in IBD patients.RESULTS: IBD patients were more likely to have prevalent SpA at IBD diagnosis (2.5%) compared to reference individuals (0.7%) with an OR of 3.48 (95%CI:3.23-3.75). They also more often received an incident diagnosis of SpA; during 23,341,934 person-years of follow-up in IBD patients, there were 1,030 SpA events (5.0/1,000 person-years) compared to 1,524 SpA events in the reference group (0.72/1,000 person-years), corresponding to an HR of 7.15 (95%CI:6.60-7.75). In subgroup analyses, associations were most pronounced among patients with Crohn's disease [(OR=5.20; 95%CI:4.59-5.89), and (HR=10.55; 95%CI:9.16-12.15)] and paediatric onset IBD [(OR=3.63; 95%CI:2.35-5.59) and (HR=15.03; 95%CI:11.01-20.53)].CONCLUSION: IBD patients more frequently experience SpA both before and after the diagnosis of IBD compared to the general population, supporting evidence of a shared pathophysiology. The variation in SpA comorbidity across IBD subtypes and age-groups, calls for targeted approaches to facilitate timely diagnosis and intervention.
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8.
  • Visuri, Isabella, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Predictors of drug survival : A cohort study comparing anti-tumour necrosis factor agents using the Swedish inflammatory bowel disease quality register
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Blackwell Science Ltd.. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 54:7, s. 931-943
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Whether long-term effectiveness differs between anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents is unknown.Aims: To examine drug survival of first-line anti-TNF agents and identify predictors of discontinuation. To reduce channelling bias, we also compared drug survival of the second anti-TNF.Methods: Biologic-naive patients (N = 955) recorded in the Swedish IBD Quality Register (SWIBREG) were examined. We used propensity score matching, comparing drug survival over up to three years of follow-up. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: In Crohn's disease, discontinuation because of lack/loss of response was 32% [95%CI = 26%-38%] for infliximab versus 16% [95%CI = 11%-21%] for adalimumab. Infliximab [vs adalimumab; aHR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.20-3.21] and colonic disease (L2) [vs no L2; aHR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.26-3.75] were associated with higher discontinuation rates, whereas normalised CRP at three months [aHR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.19-0.81] with a lower rate. Consistently, patients who switched from adalimumab to infliximab (vs infliximab to adalimumab) had earlier discontinuation (P = 0.04). Concomitant use of immunomodulators was associated with a lower adverse drug reaction-mediated discontinuation rate [aHR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.28-0.77], in part explained by fewer infusion reactions [aHR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.08-0.89]. In ulcerative colitis, the probability of discontinuation because of lack/loss of response was 40% [95% CI = 33%-47%] for infliximab versus 37% [95% CI = 21%-53%] for adalimumab. Disease duration >= 10 years [aHR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10-0.58] and normalised CRP after three months [aHR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.18-0.84] were associated with lower discontinuation rates.Conclusions: Clinical characterisation of patients may aid decision-making on anti-TNF treatment. The consistently shorter drug survival for infliximab (vs adalimumab) in Crohn's disease, suggests a potential difference between the two drugs.
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9.
  • Abdalla, Maie, et al. (författare)
  • Anorectal Function After Ileo-Rectal Anastomosis Is Better than Pelvic Pouch in Selected Ulcerative Colitis Patients
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; , s. 250-259
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: With a lifelong perspective, 12% of ulcerative colitis patients will need a colectomy. Further reconstruction via ileo-rectal anastomosis or pouch can be affected by patients' perspective of their quality of life after surgery.AIM: To assess the function and quality of life after restorative procedures with either ileo-rectal anastomosis or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in relation to the inflammatory activity on endoscopy and in biopsies.METHOD: A total of 143 UC patients operated with subtotal colectomy and ileo-rectal anastomosis or pouches between 1992 and 2006 at Linköping University Hospital were invited to participate. Those who completed the validated questionnaires (Öresland score, SF-36, Short Health Scale) were offered an endoscopic evaluation including multiple biopsies. Associations between anorectal function and quality of life with type of restorative procedure and severity of endoscopic and histopathologic grading of inflammation were evaluated.RESULTS: Some 77 (53.9%) eligible patients completed questionnaires, of these 68 (88.3%) underwent endoscopic evaluation after a median follow-up of 12.5 (range 3.5-19.4) years after restorative procedure. Patients with ileo-rectal anastomosis reported better overall Öresland score: median = 3 (IQR 2-5) for ileo-rectal anastomosis (n = 38) and 10 (IQR 5-15) for pouch patients (n = 39) (p < 0.001). Anorectal function (Öresland score) and endoscopic findings (Baron-Ginsberg score) were positively correlated in pouch patients (tau: 0.28, p = 0.006).CONCLUSION: Patients operated with ileo-rectal anastomosis reported better continence compared to pouches. Minor differences were noted regarding the quality of life. Ileo-rectal anastomosis is a valid option for properly selected ulcerative colitis patients if strict postoperative endoscopic surveillance is carried out.
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10.
  • Abdalla, Maie (författare)
  • Cancer and reconstructive surgery in Inflammatory bowel disease
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the colon. According to the literature, some thirty percent of UC patients may require a subtotal colectomy and ileostomy due to failure of medical treatment, acute toxic colitis or dysplasia/cancer diagnosis. Some patients choose to get continence restored with either an ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) or an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Worldwide most surgeons prefer an IPAA to an IRA, despite reports of pouchitis, impaired fertility and fecundity. Fear of recurring proctitis and fear of rectal cancer in the remaining rectum is contributing to the choice of an IPAA. Little is known regarding the outcomes of IRA compared with IPAA in UC patients. We aimed to investigate the anorectal function, quality of life (QoL), risk of failure and rectal cancer in patients with UC restored with IRA and IPAA respectively. Methods: Data about all Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients was obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) between 1964-2014 and in one study from the Linköping University Hospital medical records 2006-2012. Patients who developed cancer were identified from the Swedish National Cancer Register. We investigated the risk of cancer and inflammation, functional outcome and failure as well as the quality of life for IRA and IPAA patients. Investigation of risk for cancer in IRA and IPAA compared with the background population was performed using survival analytic techniques: uni-and multivariate regression, Kaplan Meier curves and standardized incidence ratio. Results: Twelve percent (7,889 /63,795) of UC patients required colectomy according to the NPR. The relative risk for rectal cancer among patients with an IRA was increased (SIR 8.7). However, the absolute risk was 1.8% after a mean follow up of 8.6 years and the cumulative risk 10- and 20-years after IRA was 1.6% and 5.6%, respectively. Risk factors for rectal cancer were primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with an IRA (hazard ratio 6.12), and severe dysplasia or cancer of the colon prior to subtotal colectomy in patients with a diverted rectum in place (hazard ratio 3.67). Regarding IPAA, the relative risk to develop rectal cancer was (SIR 0.4) compared with the background population and the absolute risk was only 0.06% after a mean of 12.2 years of follow up. Among patients operated at the Linköping University Hospital: IRA patients reported better overall continence according to the Öresland score with in median3 (IQR 2–5) for IRA (n=38) and 10 (IQR 5–15) for IPAA (n=39, p<0.001). There were no major differences regarding the QoL. According to the NPR, after a median follow up of 12.4 years failure occurred in 265(32%) out of 1112 patients, of which 76 were secondarily reconstructed with an IPAA. Failure of the IPAA occurred in 103 (6%) patients with primary and in 6 (8%) patients after secondary IPAA (log-rank p=0.38). Conclusion: IRA is a safe restorative procedure for selected UC patients. Patients should be aware of the annual postoperative endoscopic evaluation with biopsies as well as the need to the use of local anti-inflammatory preparations. However, IRA should not be offered for UC patients with an associated primary sclerosing cholangitis diagnosis due to the increased risk to develop rectal cancer in their rectal mucosa. In such case, IPAA is probably the treatment of choice.  
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11.
  • Alkaissi, Lina Y., et al. (författare)
  • Antagonism of Adherent Invasive E. coli LF82 With Human α-defensin 5 in the Follicle-associated Epithelium of Patients With Ileal Crohn’s Disease
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 27:7, s. 1116-1127
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The first visible signs of Crohns disease (CD) are microscopic erosions over the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) on adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 translocation and HD5 secretion after LF82 exposure in an in vitro model of human FAE and in human FAE ex vivo. Methods: An in vitro FAE-model was set up by the coculture of Raji B cells and Caco-2-cl1 cells. Ileal FAE from patients with CD and controls were mounted in Ussing chambers. The effect of HD5 on LF82 translocation was studied by LF82 exposure to the cells or tissues with or without incubation with HD5. The HD5 secretion was measured in human FAE exposed to LF82 or Salmonella typhimurium. The HD5 levels were evaluated by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and ELISA. Results: There was an increased LF82 translocation across the FAE-model compared with Caco-2-cl1 (P < 0.05). Incubation of cell/tissues with HD5 before LF82 exposure reduced bacterial passage in both models. Human FAE showed increased LF82 translocation in CD compared with controls and attenuated passage after incubation with sublethal HD5 in both CD and controls (P < 0.05). LF82 exposure resulted in a lower HD5 secretion in CD FAE compared with controls (P < 0.05), whereas Salmonella exposure caused equal secretion on CD and controls. There were significantly lower HD5 levels in CD tissues compared with controls. Conclusions: Sublethal HD5 reduces the ability of LF82 to translocate through FAE. The HD5 is secreted less in CD in response to LF82, despite a normal response to Salmonella. This further implicates the integrated role of antimicrobial factors and barrier function in CD pathogenesis.
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12.
  • Andersson, Peter, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Health related quality of life in Crohn's proctocolitis does not differ from a general population when in remission
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 5:1, s. 56-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective  All treatment in Crohn's disease, although palliative, aims at restoring full health. The objective of this study was to compare health-related quality of life and psychosocial conditions in patients with Crohn's proctocolitis with a general population.Patients and methods  One hundred and twenty-seven patients with Crohn's proctocolitis (median age 44 years, 44.1% men) were compared with 266 controls (median age 45 years, 50.7% men). A questionnaire consisting of the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) evaluating general health as well as questions regarding psychosocial conditions was used. Disease activity was evaluated by Best's modification of the classical Crohn's Disease Activity Index.Results  Patients in remission had a health related quality of life similar to controls according to the SF-36 apart from general health where scores were lower (P < 0.01). Patients with active disease scored lower in all aspects of the SF-36 (P < 0.001 or P < 0.0001) as well as the PGWB (P < 0.0001). In a model for multiple regression including age, gender, concomitant small bowel disease, permanent stoma, previous colonic surgery, disease activity, duration, and aggressiveness, disease activity was the only variable negatively predicting all 8 domains of the SF-36 in the patient group (P < 0.001). The mean annual sick-leave for patients and controls were 33.9 and 9.5 days (P < 0.0001), respectively. Sixty-eight percent of the patients and 78.4% of the controls (P = 0.04) were married or cohabited, 67.7% and 78.0% (P = 0.04), respectively, had children.Conclusion  The health related quality of life for patients with Crohn's proctocolitis in remission does not differ from the general population. The disease has, however, a negative impact on parenthood, family life and professional performance.
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13.
  • Bolckmans, Roel, et al. (författare)
  • Does Smoking Cessation Reduce Surgical Recurrence After Primary Ileocolic Resection for Crohns Disease?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 63:2, s. 200-206
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is a known risk factor for recurrence of Crohns disease after surgical resection. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effect of smoking cessation on long-term surgical recurrence after primary ileocolic resection for Crohns disease. DESIGN: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted. SETTINGS: Patient demographic data and medical and surgical details were combined from 2 specialist centers. After ethical approval, patients were contacted in case of missing data regarding smoking habit. PATIENTS: All patients undergoing ileocolic resection between 2000 and 2012 for histologically confirmed Crohns disease were included. Those with previous intestinal resection, strictureplasty for Crohns disease, leak after ileocolic resection, or who were never reversed were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was surgical recurrence measured by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and secondary medical therapy at time of follow-up. RESULTS: Over a 12-year period, 290 patients underwent ileocolic resection. Full smoking data were available for 242 (83%) of 290 patients. There were 169 nonsmokers (70%; group 1), 42 active smokers at the time of ileocolic resection who continued smoking up to last follow-up (17%; group 2), and 31 (13%) who quit smoking after ileocolic resection (group 3). The median time of smoking exposure after ileocolic resection for group 3 was 3 years (interquartile range, 0-6 y), and median follow-up time for the whole group was 112 months (9 mo; interquartile range, 84-148 mo). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly higher surgical recurrence rate for group 2 compared with group 3 (16/42 (38%) vs 3/31 (10%); p = 0.02; risk ratio = 3.9 (95% CI, 1-12)). In addition, significantly more patients in group 2 without surgical recurrence received immunomodulatory maintenance therapy compared with group 3 (12/26 (46%) vs 4/28 (14%); p = 0.01; risk ratio = 3.2 (95% CI, 1-9)). LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its retrospective design and small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking cessation after primary ileocolic resection for Crohns disease may significantly reduce long-term risk of surgical recurrence and is associated with less use of maintenance therapy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B86.
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14.
  • Bolckmans, R., et al. (författare)
  • Temporary faecal diversion in ileocolic resection for Crohns disease: is there an impact on long-term surgical recurrence?
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : WILEY. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 22:4, s. 430-438
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim Temporary faecal diversion after ileocolic resection (ICR) for Crohns disease reduces postoperative anastomotic complications in high-risk patients. The aim of this study was to assess if this approach also reduces long-term surgical recurrence. Method This was a multicentre retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases. Patient demographics, medical and surgical details were collected by three specialist centres. All patients had undergone an ICR between 2000 and 2012. The primary end-point was surgical recurrence. Results Three hundred and twelve patients (80%) underwent an ICR without covering ileostomy (one stage). Seventy-seven (20%) had undergone an ICR with end ileostomy/double-barrel ileostomy/enterocolostomy followed by closure (two stage). The median follow-up was 105 months [interquartile range (IQR) 76-136 months]. The median time to ileostomy closure was 9 months (IQR 5-12 months). There was no significant difference in surgical recurrence between the one- and two-stage groups (18% vs 16%, P = 0.94). We noted that smokers (20% vs 34%, P = 0.01) and patients with penetrating disease (28% vs 52%, P amp;lt; 0.01) were more likely to be defunctioned. A reduced recurrence rate was observed in the small high-risk group of patients who were smokers with penetrating disease behaviour treated with a two-stage strategy (0/10 vs 4/7, P = 0.12). Conclusion Despite having higher baseline risk factors, the results in terms of rate of surgical recurrence over 9 years are similar for patients having a two-stage compared with a one-stage procedure.
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15.
  • Bröms, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Capturing biologic treatment for IBD in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Swedish National Patient Register–a validation study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:4, s. 410-421
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: It is not known to what extent biologic treatment for IBD is captured in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (PDR) and the National Patient Register (NPR). Methods: A cross-sectional study from July 2005 until 2017, comparing data on biologic treatment in the PDR and the NPR with medical records. We assessed the proportion of started treatment episodes in the medical records that were found in the PDR/NPR ever, within +/− one year and within +/− three months; for any biologic drug, per specific drug (infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, ustekinumab), by calendar period (2005–2008, 2009–2012, and 2013–2017) and by study center. For adalimumab, we assessed the validity of end of treatment episodes. Results: Medical records of 1361 patients and 2323 treatment episodes with any biologic were reviewed and 80.1% (95% CI: 78.4–81.7) were ever captured in the PDR/NPR in. A time window of +/− one year or +/− three months reduced the sensitivity to 63.3% (95% CI: 61.3–65.3) and 52.6% (95% CI: 50.5–54.6), respectively. The sensitivity was high (>85%) for the prescribed injection drugs adalimumab, golimumab, and ustekinumab for all time windows and for adalimumab end of treatment, while considerably lower for the infusion drugs infliximab and vedolizumab. Conclusions: The PDR and the NPR are reliable data sources on treatment with injection biologics in patients with IBD in Sweden. Infliximab and vedolizumab are poorly captured, why PDR/NPR data should only be used after careful consideration of their limitations or complemented by other data sources, e.g., the disease-specific quality register SWIBREG.
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16.
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17.
  • Chaparro, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Surgery due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Pregnancy: Mothers and Offspring Outcomes From an ECCO Confer Multicentre Case Series [Scar Study]
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 16:9, s. 1428-1435
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: i] To evaluate the evolution of pregnancies and offspring after inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] surgery during pregnancy; and ii] to describe the indications, the surgical techniques, and the frequency of caesarean section concomitant with surgery.Methods: Patients operated on due to IBD during pregnancy after 1998 were included. Participating clinicians were asked to review their databases to identify cases. Data on patients demographics, IBD characteristics, medical treatments, IBD activity, pregnancy outcomes, surgery, delivery, and foetal and maternal outcomes, were recorded.Results: In all, 44 IBD patients were included, of whom 75% had Crohns disease; 18% of the surgeries were performed in the first trimester, 55% in the second, and 27% in the third trimester. One patient had complications during surgery, and 27% had postsurgical complications. No patient died. Of deliveries, 70% were carried out by caesarean section. There were 40 newborns alive. There were four miscarriages/stillbirths [one in the first, two in the second, and one in the third trimester]; two occurred during surgery, and another two occurred 2 weeks after surgery; 14% of the surgeries during the second trimester and 64% of those in the third trimester ended up with a simultaneous caesarean section or vaginal delivery. Of the 40 newborns, 61% were premature and 47% had low birth weight; 42% of newborns needed hospitalisation [25% in the intensive care unit].Conclusions: IBD surgery during pregnancy remains an extremely serious situation. Therefore, surgical management should be performed in a multidisciplinary team, involving gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, obstetricians, and neonatal specialists.
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18.
  • Druvefors, Emma, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Female and Male Fertility after Colectomy and Reconstructive Surgery in Inflammatory Bowel Diesase : A National Cohort Study from Sweden.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 17:10, s. 1631-1638
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colectomy and reconstruction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may adversely affect fertility, but few population-based studies are available.METHODS: Fertility was assessed in 2,989 women and 3,771 men with IBD and prior colectomy 1964-2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register, and 35,092 matched individuals.RESULTS: Reconstruction with ileoanal pouch anastomosis (IPAA) was as common as ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) in ulcerative colitis (UC) and IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) while rare in Crohn's disease (CD). Compared with the matched reference cohort, women with IBD had lower fertility overall after colectomy (HR 0.65, CI 0.61-0.69), with least impact leaving the rectum intact (HR 0.79, CI 0.70-0.90). Compared with colectomy only, fertility in female patients remained unaffected after IRA (HR 0.86, CI 0.63-1.17 for UC, 0.86, CI 0.68-1.08 for IBD-U and 1.07, CI 0.70-1.63 for CD), but was impaired after IPAA, especially in UC (HR 0.67CI 0.50-0.88), and after completion proctectomy (HR 0.65, CI 0.49-0.85 for UC, 0.68, CI 0.55-0.85 for IBD-U and 0.61, CI 0.38-0.96 for CD). In men, fertility was marginally reduced post colectomy (HR 0.89, CI 0.85-0.94), regardless of reconstruction.CONCLUSIONS: Fertility was reduced in women after colectomy for IBD. The least impact was seen when a deviated rectum was left intact. IRA was associated with no further reduction in fertility, whereas proctectomy and IPAA were associated with the strongest impairment. IRA therefore seems to be the preferred reconstruction to preserve fertility in selected female patients. Fertility in men was only moderately reduced after colectomy.
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19.
  • Druvefors, Emma, 1985- (författare)
  • Fertility in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often present in adolescence or early adulthood and is thus frequently diagnosed in men and women in their reproductive age. Previous population-based studies of fertility in patients with IBD are scarce.From the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) all patients diagnosed with IBD of fertile age between 1964–2014 were identified. Statistics Sweden identified a matched reference cohort (ratio 1:5) from the general population matched for sex, age and place of birth. Children born were identified through the Medical Birth Register and the Swedish Multigeneration Register. For subgroup analyses information about medication was collected through Medical Drug Register and information about socioeconomic status from Longitudinal Integrated Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies. From the SWedish Inflammatory Bowel disease quality REGister (SWIBREG) a cohort of women with UC who underwent colectomy 2000–2020 was identified. Demographic data from SWIBREG and information from a study specific questionnaire regarding reproductive history and voluntary childlessness were analysed.From the NPR 27,331 women and 29,104 men with IBD were identified, corresponding to 272,793 matched individuals.The fertility rate in women with IBD was 1.52 (standard deviation [SD] 1.22) births per 1000 person-years, compared with 1.62 (SD 1.28) (p <0.001) in the matched reference cohort. Fertility was negatively affected mainly in women with Crohn's disease (CD) and IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) and to a lesser extent in ulcerative colitis (UC). Disease activity, bowel resections and, in the case of CD, also perianal disease further adversely affected fertility. For women with UC and IBD-U, but not for women with CD, fertility improved throughout the study period. Contraceptive use was higher in female IBD patients, both before and after the diagnosis.In total 2,989 women underwent colectomy during the study period. Reconstruction with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) and ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) was used to about the same extent in UC and IBD-U, although this was rare in CD. Compared with the matched reference cohort, women with IBD had lower fertility overall after colectomy (HR 0.65, CI 0.61–0.69), with least impact for operations that left the rectum intact (HR 0.79, CI 0.70–0.90). When the comparison was made within the group of patients undergoing colectomy, fertility in female patients remained nearly unaffected after IRA in all subtypes of IBD, but was impaired after IPAA, especially in UC (HR 0.67 CI 0.50–0.88), and after completion proctectomy in all subtypes of IBD (CD 0.61 CI 0.38–0.96), UC HR 0.65, CI 0.49–0.85 and IBD-U0.68, 0.55–0.85).The survey regarding reproductive behavior after colectomy was completed by 214 (73%) out of 294 eligible women identified in SWIBREG. The desire to have children was negatively affected by disease onset in 59% of the women, colectomy in 44% and by reconstruction in 37%. Altogether, 39% women with UC estimated that they chose to have fewer children in the end because of the disease, but only 10% expressed that the disease made them completely restrain from having children. On the contrary 37% of the women reported that they had experienced difficulties to conceive and 19% expressed that they could not conceive at all. Of the women undergoing reconstruction post colectomy, 37% reported that the choice of reconstruction method was influenced by their desire to have children. Difficulty conceiving was more commonly reported after reconstruction with IPAA (odds ratio [OR] 5.54) than IRA (OR 2.57).Men with IBD also had lower fertility rate compared with the matched reference population, although the impact on parity was limited; 1.28 (SD 1.27) versus 1.35 (SD 1.31) (p < 0.001). Fertility in men was nevertheless impaired in all IBD subtypes. The disease severity measured as order of hospital admissions (UC and IBD-U), intensity of medical treatment (CD), and bowel surgery (IBD-U) were further associated with impaired fertility in men. In the 3,771 men undergoing colectomy during the study period, fertility was only marginally (HR 0.89, CI 0.85–0.94) impaired, regardless of reconstruction.In conclusion, women with IBD have only slightly reduced fertility rates compared with the matched reference population with some exceptions. In non-surgically treated patients, the impact was most pronounced in female patients with CD. Women post colectomy have a particularly marked impact on fertility independent of IBD subtype. Bowel reconstruction with IPAA and proctectomy had a pronounced negative impact on fertility, while fertility was not further affected after IRA. More than half of the women with UC post colectomy reported that developing UC has affected their desire to have children, but difficulty to conceiving is also commonly reported. The impact of IBD in men was only minor.
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20.
  • Druvefors, Emma, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Impaired Fertility in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A National Cohort Study From Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 15:3, s. 383-390
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been associated with reduced female fertility. We analyse fertility in a national cohort of women with IBD.Methods: Fertility was assessed in women with IBD aged 15-44 years in 1964-2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register and a matched cohort [ratio 1:5]. Patients with indeterminate colitis or inconsistent IBD coding were classified as IBD-unclassified [IBD-U].Results: The cohorts included 27 331 women with IBD and 131 892 matched individuals. The fertility rate in IBD was 1.52 (standard deviation [SD] 1.22) births per 1000 person-years and 1.62 [SD 1.28] [p<0.001] in matched individuals. Fertility was impaired in all IBD subtypes compared with the matched cohort (hazard ratio Crohn's disease [CD] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.91; IBD-U 0.86, 95% CI 0.83-0.89; and ulcerative colitis [UC] 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.98). Fertility improved during the study period for the IBD cohort except for CD. Parity progression ratio, the proportion of IBD women progressing from one parity to the next compared with the matched cohort, was decreased at all parity levels for CD and IBD-U, but only for multiparous women in UC. Contraceptive usage was higher in IBD, both before and after the diagnosis. Disease severity, bowel resections, and perianal disease in CD affected fertility negatively.Conclusions: Fertility was impaired mainly in women with CD and IBD-U, and less so in UC. During the study period, fertility improved in women with UC or IBD-U. Some results suggest a role of voluntarily reduced fertility.
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21.
  • Druvefors, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Minor impact on fertility in men with inflammatory bowel disease : A National Cohort Study from Sweden
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 56:2, s. 292-300
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Aims Onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in men is most common during childbearing age, but little is known about the impact on fertility. Previous studies of fertility in men were small, which justifies this large nation-based registry study.Methods Fertility was assessed in a national cohort of men with IBD aged 15-44 years in 1964-2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register, and in a reference cohort matched for age and place of residence (ratio 1:5). Information about childbirths was found in the Swedish Multi-Generation Register. Patients with indeterminate colitis or inconsistent IBD coding were classified as IBD-unclassified (IBD-U).Results The cohorts included 29,104 men with IBD and 140,901 matched individuals. IBD patients had a lower fertility rate (number of births per 1000 person years) compared with the matched individuals; 1.28 (SD 1.27) versus 1.35 (SD 1.31; p < 0.001). Fertility was somewhat impaired in all IBD subtypes compared with the matched cohort; ulcerative colitis (UC) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, 95% CI 0.91-0.96), Crohn's disease (CD) (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98) and IBD-U 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.95. The cumulated total parity and the parity progression were also decreased for all IBD subtypes. Within the IBD cohort disease severity, intensity of medical treatment (CD) and bowel surgery (IBD-U) were further associated with impaired fertility.Conclusions This nationwide cohort study shows only slightly impaired fertility in men with IBD.
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22.
  • Eriksson, Carl, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term effectiveness of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease : a national study based on the Swedish National Quality Registry for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SWIBREG)
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 52:6-7, s. 722-729
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these findings may not reflect the clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to describe a vedolizumab-treated patient population and assess long-term effectiveness.Materials and methods: Patients initiating vedolizumab between 1 June 2014 and 30 May 2015 were identified through the Swedish National Quality Registry for IBD. Prospectively collected data on treatment and disease activity were extracted. Clinical remission was defined as Patient Harvey Bradshaw index<5 in Crohn's disease (CD) and Patient Simple Clinical Colitis Activity index<3 in ulcerative colitis (UC).Results: Two-hundred forty-six patients (147CD, 92 UC and 7 IBD-Unclassified) were included. On study entry, 86% had failed TNF-antagonist and 48% of the CD patients had undergone1 surgical resection. After a median follow-up of 17 (IQR: 14-20) months, 142 (58%) patients remained on vedolizumab. In total, 54% of the CD- and 64% of the UC patients were in clinical remission at the end of follow-up, with the clinical activity decreasing (p<.0001 in both groups). Faecal-calprotectin decreased in CD (p<.0001) and in UC (p=.001), whereas CRP decreased in CD (p=.002) but not in UC (p=.11). Previous anti-TNF exposure (adjusted HR: 4.03; 95% CI: 0.96-16.75) and elevated CRP at baseline (adjusted HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.10-4.35) seemed to be associated with discontinuation because of lack of response. Female sex was associated with termination because of intolerance (adjusted HR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.16-6.48).Conclusion: Vedolizumab-treated patients represent a treatment-refractory group. A long-term effect can be achieved, even beyond 1 year of treatment.
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23.
  • Everhov, Åsa H., et al. (författare)
  • Changes in inflammatory bowel disease subtype during follow-up and over time in 44,302 patients
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 54:1, s. 55-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To investigate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) register-based subtype classifications over a patient's disease course and over time.METHODS: We examined International Classification of Diseases coding in patients with ≥2 IBD diagnostic listings in the National Patient Register 2002-2014 (n = 44,302).RESULTS: 18% of the patients changed diagnosis (17% of adults, 29% of children) during a median follow-up of 3.8 years. Of visits with diagnoses of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), 97% were followed by the same diagnosis, whereas 67% of visits with diagnosis IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) were followed by another IBD-U diagnosis. Patients with any diagnostic change changed mostly once (47%) or twice (31%), 39% from UC to CD, 33% from CD to UC and 30% to or from IBD-U. Using a classification algorithm based on the first two diagnoses ('incident classification'), suited for prospective cohort studies, the proportion adult patients with CD, UC, and IBD-U 2002-2014 were 29%, 62%, and 10% (43%, 45%, and 12% in children). A classification model incorporating additional information from surgeries and giving weight to the last 5 years of visits ('prevalent classification'), suited for description of a study population at end of follow-up, classified 31% of adult cases as CD, 58% as UC and 11% as IBD-U (44%, 38%, and 18% in children).CONCLUSIONS: IBD subtype changed in 18% during follow-up. The proportion with CD increased and UC decreased from definition at start to end of follow-up. IBD-U was more common in children.
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24.
  • Everhov, Åsa H., et al. (författare)
  • Incidence and Treatment of Patients Diagnosed With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases at 60 Years or Older in Sweden
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 154:3, s. 518-528
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is increasing among elderly persons (60 years or older). We performed a nationwide population-based study to estimate incidence and treatment.METHODS: We identified all incident IBD cases in Sweden, from 2006 through 2013, using national registers, and up to 10 matched population comparator subjects. We collected data on the patients' health care contacts and estimated incidence rates, health service burden, pharmacologic treatments, extra-intestinal manifestations, and surgeries in relation to age of IBD onset (pediatric, less than 18 years; adults, 18-59 years; elderly, 60 years or older).RESULTS: Of 27,834 persons diagnosed with incident IBD, 6443 (23%) had a first diagnosis of IBD at 60 years or older, corresponding to an incidence rate of 35/100,000 person-years (10/100,000 person-years for Crohn's disease, 19 /100,000 person-years for ulcerative colitis, and 5/100,000 person-years for IBD unclassified). During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years (range 0-9 years), elderly patients had less IBD-specific outpatient health care but more IBD-related hospitalizations and overall health care use than adult patients with IBD. Compared to patients with pediatric or adult onset, elderly patients used fewer biologics and immunomodulators, but more systemic corticosteroids. Occurrence of extra-intestinal manifestations was similar in elderly and adult patients, but bowel surgery was more common in the elderly (13% after 5 years vs 10% in adults) (P<.001). The absolute risk of bowel surgery was higher in the elderly than in the general population, but in relative terms, the risk increase was larger in younger age groups.CONCLUSIONS: In a nationwide cohort study in Sweden, we associated diagnosis of IBD at age 60 years or older with a lower use of biologics and immunomodulators but higher absolute risk of bowel surgery, compared to diagnosis at a younger age. The large differences in pharmacological treatment of adults and elderly patients are not necessarily due to a milder course of disease and warrant further investigation.
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25.
  • Everhov, Åsa H., et al. (författare)
  • Probability of Stoma in Incident Patients With Crohn's Disease in Sweden 2003-2019 : A Population-based Study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 28:8, s. 1160-1168
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Surgery rates in patients with Crohn's disease have decreased during the last few decades, and use of antitumor necrosis agents (anti-TNF) has increased. Whether these changes correlate with a decreased probability of stoma is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of stoma in patients with Crohn's disease over time.METHODS: Through linkage of national registers, we identified patients who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease in 2003-2014 and were followed through 2019. We compared formation and closure of stomas over the calendar periods of diagnosis (2003-2006, 2007-2010, and 2011-2014).RESULTS: In a nationwide cohort of 18,815 incident patients with a minimum 5 years of follow-up, 652 (3.5%) underwent formation of a stoma. This was mostly performed in conjunction with ileocolic resection (39%). The 5-year cumulative incidence of stoma formation was 2.5%, with no differences between calendar periods (P = .61). Less than half of the patients (44%) had their stoma reversed. Stomas were more common in elderly-onset compared with pediatric-onset disease: 5-year cumulative incidence 3.6% vs 1.3%. Ileostomies were most common (64%), and 24.5% of the patients who underwent stoma surgery had perianal disease at end of follow-up. Within 5 years of diagnosis, 0.8% of the incident patients had a permanent stoma, and 0.05% had undergone proctectomy. The time from diagnosis to start of anti-TNF treatment decreased over calendar periods (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing use of anti-TNF and a low rate of proctectomy, the cumulative incidence of stoma formation within 5 years of Crohn's disease diagnosis has not decreased from 2003 to 2019.
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26.
  • Everhov, Åsa H., et al. (författare)
  • Sick Leave and Disability Pension in Prevalent Patients With Crohn's Disease
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Elsevier. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 12:12, s. 1418-1428
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Aims: Crohn's disease may affect the ability to work and lead to permanent disability. We aimed to investigate work loss in prevalent patients.Methods: We identified patients with Crohn's disease and general population comparators matched by sex, birth year, healthcare region and education. We assessed days of sick leave and disability pension retrieved from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and estimated the absolute and relative risk of receiving disability pension [minimum 25% work impairment].Results: In 2014, the 20638 Crohn's disease patients [median age 44 years] had more than twice as many mean lost workdays [disability pension: 44; sick leave: 19] as the 102038 comparators [disability pension: 20; sick leave: 8], mean difference 35 days [95% confidence interval 33-37]. However, the majority had no lost workdays [68% of patients and 85% of comparators]. The proportion of patients receiving disability pension was 15% (6.5% in the comparators, risk ratio 2.34 [2.25-2.43]) and was higher in all subgroups, especially in female patients [28% vs 13% in the comparators], in those with ≤9 years of education [41% vs 23%] and in ages 60-64 years [46% vs 25%]. The relative risk of disability pension within the patient cohort [adjusted for age, sex, region and education] was higher in patients with complicated disease behaviour, extraintestinal manifestations, need of surgery or treatment with biologics. The differences between patients and comparators remained when comparing other calendar years [2006-2013].Conclusion: Work loss was found in approximately one-third of patients. The mean number of lost workdays was twice as high as in the comparators.
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27.
  • Everhov, Åsa H., et al. (författare)
  • Work Loss Before and After Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 25:7, s. 1237-1247
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The aim of this study was to examine work loss in patients with Crohn's disease.Methods: Using nationwide registers, we identified incident patients with Crohn's disease (2007-2010) and population comparator subjects without inflammatory bowel disease, matched by age, sex, calendar year, health care region, and education level. We assessed the number of lost workdays due to sick leave and disability pension from 5 years before to 5 years after first diagnosis of Crohn's disease or end of follow-up (September 30, 2015).Results: Among the 2015 incident Crohn's disease patients (median age, 35 years; 50% women), both the proportion with work loss and the mean annual number of lost workdays were larger 5 years before diagnosis (25%; mean, 45 days) than in the 10,067 comparators (17%; mean, 29 days). Increased work loss was seen during the year of diagnosis, after which it declined to levels similar to before diagnosis. Of all patients, 75% had no work loss 24-12 months before diagnosis. Of them, 84% had full work ability also 12-24 months after diagnosis. In patients with total work loss (8.3% of all) before diagnosis, 83% did not work after. Among those with full work ability before diagnosis, the absolute risk of having total work loss after diagnosis was 1.4% (0.43% in the comparators). Our results were consistent across several sensitivity analyses using alternative definitions for date of diagnosis.Conclusions: Patients with Crohn's disease had increased work loss several years before diagnosis, possibly explained by comorbidity or by diagnostic delay.
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28.
  • Everhov, ÅH., et al. (författare)
  • Work loss in relation to pharmacological and surgical treatment for Crohn’s disease : A population-based cohort study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Clinical Epidemiology. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1179-1349. ; 12, s. 273-285
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Patients with Crohn’s disease have increased work loss. We aimed to describe changes in work ability in relation to pharmacological and surgical treatments. Patients and Methods: We linked data from the Swedish National Patient Register, The Swedish Quality Register for Inflammatory Bowel Disease SWIBREG, The Prescribed Drug Register, The Longitudinal Integrated Database for Health Insurance and Labour Market Studies, and the Social Insurance Database. We identified working-age (19–59 years) patients with incident Crohn’s disease 2006–2013 and population comparator subjects matched by sex, birth year, region, and education level. We assessed the number of lost workdays due to sick leave and disability pension before and after treatments.Results: Of 3956 patients (median age 34 years, 51% women), 39% were treated with aminosalicylates, 52% with immunomodulators, 22% with TNF inhibitors, and 18% with intestinal surgery during a median follow-up of 5.3 years. Most patients had no work loss during the study period (median=0 days). For all treatments, the mean number of lost workdays increased during the months before treatment initiation, peaked during the first month of treatment and decreased thereafter, and was heavily influenced by sociodemo-graphic factors and amount of work loss before first Crohn’s disease diagnosis. The mean increase in work loss days compared to pre-therapeutic level was ~3 days during the first month of treatment for all pharmacological therapies and 11 days for intestinal surgery. Three months after treatment initiation, 88% of patients treated surgically and 90–92% of patients treated pharmacologically had the same amount of work loss as before treatment start. Median time to return to work was 2 months for all treatments.Conclusion: In this regular clinical setting, patients treated surgically had more lost workdays than patients treated pharmacologically, but return to work was similar between all treatments.
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29.
  • Forss, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • A nationwide cohort study of the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Sweden from 1990 to 2014
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 55:6, s. 691-699
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent incidence rates (IRs) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AIM: To assess the incidence and temporal trends of IBD in Sweden.METHODS: Nationwide cohort study based on diagnostic codes for IBD and biopsy reports registered through the ESPRESSO cohort in 1990-2014. Age-specific and age-standardised IRs and cumulative incidence were calculated.RESULTS: Overall, we identified 65 908 cases of incident IBD: ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 38 261, 58%), Crohn's disease (CD, n = 18 577, 28%) and IBD-U (n = 9070, 14%). During 1990-2014, the overall IRs per 100 000 person-years were 29.0 (95% CI: 27.3-30.7) for IBD, 16.9 (15.9-17.9) for UC, and 8.1 (7.7-8.6) for CD. For IBD-U, the IR was 5.2 (4.9-5.6) in 2002-2014. The annual incidence of IBD, UC and CD increased by approximately 7% per year between 1990 and 2001 (P < 0.001) and then decreased by 1%-2% per year from 2002 onwards (P < 0.001). IRs for IBD, UC and IBD-U were higher in males while the IR for CD was higher in females. The lifetime risk of IBD was about 2.5% for both sexes.CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden, the incidence of IBD in all subtypes increased in 1990-2001 but has since declined. One in 40 individuals is expected to be diagnosed with IBD during their lifetime.
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30.
  • Forss, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Prospective observational study on Stelara (ustekinumab) assessing effectiveness in Crohn's disease (PROSE) : a 16-week follow-up
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:6, s. 680-686
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Prospectively and systematically collected real-world data on the effectiveness of ustekinumab (anti-interleukin-12/23) for treating Crohn's disease (CD) are still limited.AIM: To assess the short-term real-world effectiveness of ustekinumab in Swedish patients with active CD.METHODS: Prospective multicentre study of adult CD patients initiating ustekinumab according to recommended doses at 20 hospitals, between January 2017 and November 2018. Data were collected through an electronic case report form (eCRF) linked to the Swedish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry (SWIBREG). The primary outcomes were clinical response (≥3-point-decrease of Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI)) and remission (HBI ≤4 points) at week 16. Secondary outcomes included C-reactive protein (CRP) and haemoglobin (Hb) at baseline compared to week 16.RESULTS:  Of 114 included patients, 107 (94%) had failed >= 1 and 58 (51%) >= 2 biological agents (anti-tumour necrosis factor [aTNF] agents or vedolizumab). The 16-week ustekinumab retention rate was 105 (92%). Data on HBI at baseline were available for 96 patients. At week 16, response or remission was achieved in 38/96 (40%) patients (25/96 (26%) achieving clinical remission and 23/96 (24%) showing a clinical response). The median CRP concentration (N = 65) decreased from 6 to 4 mg/l (p = .006). No significant changes in Hb were observed. No incident malignancies or infections, requiring antibiotic treatment, were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In this nation-wide prospective real-world study of adult patients with CD, ustekinumab was associated with clinical effectiveness when administered according to clinical practice and seemed to represent a safe treatment option.
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31.
  • Forss, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Ustekinumab Is Associated with Real-World Long-Term Effectiveness and Improved Health-Related Quality of Life in Crohn's Disease
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 68:1, s. 65-76
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Prospectively and systematically collected long-term real-world clinical data on ustekinumab (anti-interleukin-12/23) are still scarce.AIMS: To assess the long-term effectiveness of ustekinumab in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD).METHODS: This is a prospective multicenter study of adult patients with CD initiating ustekinumab according to recommended doses at 20 Swedish hospitals. The primary outcome was clinical remission (Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) ≤ 4 points) at weeks 52 and 104. Secondary outcomes included clinical response (≥ 3-point-decrease in HBI among patients with initial HBI ≥ 5 points), treatment retention, and biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin, fecal-calprotectin) at weeks 52 and 104 compared to baseline. We also reported Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measures.RESULTS: Of 114 included patients, 107 (94%) had previously failed ≥ 1 and 58 (51%) ≥ 2 anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Forty (35%) had failed anti-integrin agents. Ustekinumab retention rates at weeks 52 and 104 were 70% (n = 80/114) and 61% (n = 69/114), respectively. Clinical response was seen in 36% (n = 25/69) and 29% (n = 20/69) of the patients, and remission was achieved in 32% (n = 31/96) and 29% (n = 28/96) at weeks 52 and 104, respectively. Median HBI and CRP levels decreased significantly at both timepoints as compared to baseline. Significant improvements were also observed in HRQoL. Adverse events were reported in 11% (n = 13/114) of the patients, including five cases of severe adverse events. No malignancies were observed.CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide prospective real-world 104-week-follow-up study of adult patients with active CD, ustekinumab was associated with long-term clinical effectiveness and improvement in HRQoL measures when used in routine clinical care.
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32.
  • Forss, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Validating surgical procedure codes for inflammatory bowel disease in the Swedish National Patient Register
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6947. ; 19:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: About 50% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and about 20% of those with ulcerative colitis (UC) undergo surgery at some point during the course of the disease. The diagnostic validity of the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) has previously been shown to be high for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but there are little data on the validity of IBD-related surgical procedure codes.METHODS: Using patient chart data as the gold standard, surgical procedure codes registered between 1966 and 2014 in the NPR were abstracted and validated in 262 randomly selected patients with a medical diagnosis of IBD. Of these, 53 patients had reliable data about IBD-related surgery. The positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity and specificity of the surgical procedure codes were calculated.RESULTS: In total, 158 surgical procedure codes were registered in the NPR. One hundred fifty-five of these, representing 60 different procedure codes, were also present in the patient charts and validated using a standardized form. Of the validated codes 153/155 were concordant with the patient charts, corresponding to a PPV of 96.8% (95%CI = 93.9-99.1). Stratified in abdominal, perianal and other surgery, the corresponding PPVs were 94.1% (95%CI = 88.7-98.6), 100% (95%CI = 100-100) and 98.1% (95%CI = 93.1-100), respectively. Of 164 surgical procedure codes in the validated patient charts, 155 were registered in the NPR, corresponding to a sensitivity of the surgical procedure codes of 94.5% (95%CI = 89.6-99.3). The specificity of the NPR was 98.5% (95%CI = 97.6-100).CONCLUSIONS: Data on IBD-related surgical procedure codes are reliable, with the Swedish National Patient Register showing a high sensitivity and specificity for such surgery.
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33.
  • Holmgren, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • The Risk of Serious Infections Before and After Anti-TNF Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Retrospective Cohort Study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 19:3, s. 339-348
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lay Summary: The incidence rate of serious infection among inflammatory bowel disease patients did not increase with anti-TNF therapy compared with 1 year before treatment start. A decrease in incidence rate could be seen more than 1 year after initiation of anti-TNF.Background: Serious infections have been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on anti-TNF use-but to what extent these infections are due to anti-TNF or the disease activity per se is hard to disentangle. We aimed to describe how the rates of serious infections change over time both before and after starting anti-TNF in IBD.Methods: Inflammatory bowel disease patients naive to anti-TNF treatment were identified at 5 centers participating in the Swedish IBD Quality Register, and their medical records examined in detail. Serious infections, defined as infections requiring in-patient care, the year before and after the start of anti-TNF treatment were evaluated.Results: Among 980 patients who started their first anti-TNF therapy between 1999 and 2016, the incidence rate of serious infections was 2.19 (95% CI,1.43-3.36) per 100 person years the year before and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.33-3.34) per 100 person years 1 year after treatment start. This corresponded to an incidence rate ratio 1 year after anti-TNF treatment of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.51-1.84). Compared with before anti-TNF therapy, the incidence of serious infection was significantly decreased more than 1 year after treatment (incidence rate ratio 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.95; P = .03).Conclusions: In routine clinical practice in Sweden, the incidence rate of serious infection among IBD patients did not increase with anti-TNF therapy. Instead, serious infections seemed to decrease more than 1 year after initiation of anti-TNF treatment.
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34.
  • Härle, Karolina, 1980- (författare)
  • Enterocutaneous fistula : Patients', families' and healthcare professionals' experiences - epidemiology and outcomes
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Introduction: Enterocutaneous fistula is a rare and complex condition with high morbidity. The condition causes multiple health problems, and it is both physically and psychologically demanding for the affected person and their families. Infection, fistula wound care challenges, electrolyte and fluid imbalance, and malnutrition render the individual in need of long periods of in-hospital care and homecare. This also places great demands on healthcare professionals and knowledge among healthcare professionals can be lacking. The patients have different needs and person-centred care is one way to promote individualised care based on the patient’s specific needs. Research about how enterocutaneous fistula affects the individual and their families is scarce, and healthcare professionals often have little experience providing care for these patients. There is also a lack of population-based studies on enterocutaneous fistula.Aim: The overall aims of the thesis were to explore patients’, family members’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences of enterocutaneous fistula, and to define the cohort of patients who developed an enterocutaneous fistula within a ten-year period in the southeast healthcare region of Sweden.Methods: This thesis is based on four studies and includes individual, dyadic, and focus group interviews as well as a retrospective study of medical records. The first study had a qualitative inductive design with individual in-depth interviews of nine patients with experience of living with an enterocutaneous fistula. The analysis was conducted using descriptive phenomenology according to Giorgi. The second study had a longitudinal qualitative design with in-depth dyadic interviews with seven dyads consisting of one patient and one close family member. The dyads were interviewed on three different occasions: before, shortly after and one year after reconstructive surgery. A phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis according to Lindseth and Norberg was performed. The third study had a qualitative descriptive design with five focus group interviews of healthcare professionals and the data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The fourth study was a population-based cohort study with 187 participants and a retrospective review of medical records was performed.Result: Living with an enterocutaneous fistula meant facing an unpredictable life for months or years that causes several limitations in daily life for both the patients and their family members. Fear of leakage from the fistula appliance and dependency on intravenous supplementation caused social isolation. Both the patients and the family members struggled with psychological distress and support from the healthcare professionals was important. There were both positive and negative experiences of the provided healthcare. Lack of knowledge and understanding among the healthcare professionals affected the patients’ and families trust in the healthcare. Despite all, they were hopeful for the future and looked forward to having a life without the fistula.Providing care for patients with enterocutaneous fistula was complex, and time- and resource-consuming. The healthcare professionals struggled with different practical issues and providing care for these patients required an integrated approach involving different disciplines. Building long-lasting relationships with patients and their families was fundamental to the caring process.The annual incidence of enterocutaneous fistula was 1.87 per 100.000 persons. Cumulative enterocutaneous fistula related in-hospital care, until closure or end of follow-up, was median 4 (range 0–61) weeks. Thirty-seven per cent of the patients needed parenteral supplementation and 80% needed help with fistula wound care. Home-based healthcare, i.e., fistula wound care, resources for parenteral feeding and access to 24-hour emergency wound care at home, was provided to 42.2% of the patients. Estimated overall mortality at one, three, and five years was 33.7%, 42.1%, and 47.6%, respectively. Mortality was dominated by patients who did not have spontaneous closure of the enterocutaneous fistula or undergo reconstructive surgery.Conclusions: Enterocutaneous fistula is a serious condition with a high overall mortality and the patients need a lot of healthcare resources. The condition restricts the patient’s and family’s daily life and leads to social isolation and psychological distress. By promoting person-centred care and patient participation, the healthcare professionals can strengthen autonomy in daily life and improve the patient’s ability to cope with the situation. Regular team meetings of the multidisciplinary team, careful planning before discharge and providing person-centred care can facilitate the care process for everyone involved.
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35.
  • Härle, Karolina, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Putting life on hold : A longitudinal phenomenological-hermeneutic study of living with [or close to someone with] an enterocutaneous fistula before and after reconstructive surgery
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 32:15-16, s. 4663-4676
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims and Objectives Illuminate meanings of living with [or close to someone with] an enterocutaneous fistula before and after reconstructive surgery. Background Enterocutaneous fistula is a serious condition affecting the well-being and social life of both patients and families, sometimes for several years. Design A longitudinal qualitative design. Methods Patients and families (n = 14) were followed with dyadic interviews at three occasions, conducted 2017-2020. The interviews were analysed with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. COREQ guidelines were followed. Result Living with an enterocutaneous fistula was explained as life being put on hold, while living in a bubble for an uncertain time. This bubble meant facing an unpredictable and restricted life where the dyads were forced to take control over the situation despite being vulnerable inside, striving to resume normality. The patients dealt with never-ending symptoms such as leakage from the fistula, pain and fatigue, while the family supported with practical matters and just being close. Dependency on intravenous fluids resulted in social isolation, which caused mode swings and depressiveness. In this situation, healthcare professionals often became a substitute for other interactions, but the lack of understanding about the dyads situation, affected their trust in the healthcare. Despite all, they still had belief in the future, the patients having higher expectations than the family. Conclusions Living with an enterocutaneous fistula meant a daily life struggling with many limitations. This implies that the transition was associated with difficulties and the dyads strived to accept their situation. Relevance to Clinical Practice The findings indicate that these patients must be cared for with a multidisciplinary approach. A person-centred health plan could impact on the dyads feeling of control and thereby making them less dependent on healthcare. Every patient should have their own contact nurse and be offered psychological support. No Patient or Public Contribution Not applicable due to the current method.
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36.
  • Kalman, Thordis Disa, et al. (författare)
  • Decrease in primary but not in secondary abdominal surgery for Crohn's disease : nationwide cohort study, 1990-2014
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 107:11, s. 1529-1538
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Treatment of patients with Crohn's disease has evolved in recent decades, with increasing use of immunomodulatory medication since 1990 and biologicals since 1998. In parallel, there has been increased use of active disease monitoring. To what extent these changes have influenced the incidence of primary and repeat surgical resection remains debated.METHODS: In this nationwide cohort study, incident patients of all ages with Crohn's disease, identified in Swedish National Patient Registry between 1990 and 2014, were divided into five calendar periods of diagnosis: 1990-1995 and 1996-2000 with use of inpatient registries, 2001, and 2002-2008 and 2009-2014 with use of inpatient and outpatient registries. The cumulative incidence of first and repeat abdominal surgery (except closure of stomas), by category of surgical procedure, was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS: Among 21 273 patients with Crohn's disease, the cumulative incidence of first abdominal surgery within 5 years of Crohn's disease diagnosis decreased continuously from 54·8 per cent in 1990-1995 to 40·4 per cent in 1996-2000 (P < 0·001), and again from 19·8 per cent in 2002-2008 to 17·3 per cent in 2009-2014 (P < 0·001). Repeat 5-year surgery rates decreased from 18·9 per cent in 1990-1995 to 16·0 per cent in 1996-2000 (P = 0·009). After 2000, no further significant decreases were observed.CONCLUSION: The 5-year rate of surgical intervention for Crohn's disease has decreased significantly, but the rate of repeat surgery has remained stable despite the introduction of biological therapy.
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37.
  • Kalman, Thordis Disa, 1959- (författare)
  • Surgery and stomas in Crohn's disease
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study investigates the evolution of abdominal surgery in treatment of Crohn´s disease (CD) in the era of immunomodulatory drugs and biologicals. It concerns risk of abdominal surgery overall and sub-categories of abdominal surgery, risk of repeat surgery and factors that affect this risk, and risk of getting a stoma. Surgical recurrence is a major clinical problem as repeat procedures are more complex and expose the patients to a higher medical risk both in conjunction with surgery and afterwards. Updated information on abdominal surgery for CD will be of use when making decisions about medical vs surgical interventions.In a nationwide cohort of 21 273 patients with CD during the years 1990-2014, the cumulative incidence of abdominal surgery within five years of diagnosis decreased continuously down to 17.3% for patients diagnosed with CD during the last calendar period of study, 2009–2014. Ileocecal resection was the most common primary procedure. The incidence of colectomy was low in all calendar periods and continuously decreased. The incidence of proctectomy was very low even after decades with the disease, 3.0% for patients diagnosed 1990-1995 with a median follow-up of 21 years. Incidence of repeat abdominal surgery within five years of primary procedure decreased in the 90s down 16.0% in the 1996– 2000 period with a risk of ileocolic reresection of 4.4%. After 2000, despite introduction of biologicals in 1998, no further significant decrease in repeat surgery was observed.In a retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases at three university hospitals, the rate of surgical recurrence for 389 patients with CD who had been treated with a primary ileocecal resection between 2000-2012 was investigated. The patients were operated receiving either a temporary stoma (20%) or a primary anastomosis (80%) with a median follow-up time of 105 months. Patients selected to temporary stoma had a higher prevalence of baseline risk factors usually associated with an increased risk of recurrence such as penetrating disease behaviour. Despite this, there was no difference in long-term surgical recurrence between the one- and two-stage groups; 18% vs 16%.In a retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases at two university hospitals, the effect of smoking cessation on rate of surgical recurrence was assessed. 242 patients were included with a median follow-up of 112 months. Surgical recurrence rate for smokers vs quitters was 16/42 (38%) vs 3/31 (10%); p = 0.02; risk ratio = 3.9 despite a median time for smoking exposure after the primary procedure of three years. Among the non-smokers 28/169 (17%) had a surgical recurrence at last follow-up. 8 out of 11 smoking patients who needed a second resection went on to need a third resection. Of the patients who were free of surgical recurrence at follow-up, those who had quit smoking were significantly less likely to have been put on medical therapy compared with smokers with a risk ratio of 3.2.In an observational study of a nationwide cohort of 19 146 patients with incident CD 2002- 2013 and followed through 2017, the incidence and prevalence of stoma was investigated. The cumulative incidence of stoma formation within five years was 2.4% and remained constant from 2002 and onwards although cumulative ever-use of biologicals increased and time to start with treatment with biologicals decreased. 48% of all stomas were reversed. Ileostomies encompassed about two-thirds of all stomas and risk of stoma was higher among patients with elderly-onset CD and among patients with perianal manifestations of the disease. 28% of the patients who underwent surgery with formation of a stoma had perianal disease. 0.6% of all incident patients had a permanent stoma five years after diagnosis.
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38.
  • Khalili, Hamed, et al. (författare)
  • Healthcare use, work loss and total costs in incident and prevalent Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis : results from a nationwide study in Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 52:4, s. 655-668
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There are limited data on population-wide assessment of cost in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Aim: To estimate the societal cost of actively treated CD and UC in Sweden.Methods: We identified 10 117 prevalent CD and 19 762 prevalent UC patients, aged ≥18 years on 1 January 2014 and 4028 adult incident CD cases and 8659 adult incident UC cases (2010-2013) from Swedish Patient Register. Each case was matched to five population comparators. Healthcare costs were calculated from medications, outpatient visits, hospitalisations and surgery. Cost of productivity losses was derived from disability pension and sick leave.Results: The mean annual societal costs per working-age patient (18-64 years) with CD and UC were $22 813 (vs $7533 per comparator) and $14 136 (vs $7351 per comparator) respectively. In patients aged ≥65 years, the mean annual costs of CD and UC were $9726 and $8072 vs $3875 and $4016 per comparator respectively. The majority of cost for both CD (56%) and UC (59%) patients originated from productivity losses. Higher societal cost of working-age CD patients as compared to UC patients was related to greater utilisation of anti-TNF (22.2% vs 7.4%) and increased annual disability pension (44 days vs 25 days). Among incident CD and UC patients, the mean total cost over the first year per patient was over three times higher than comparators.Conclusion: In Sweden, the societal cost of incident and prevalent CD and UC patients was consistently two to three times higher than the general population. 
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39.
  • Koch Frisén, Angelica, et al. (författare)
  • Randomized clinical trial of groin hernia repair with titanium-coated lightweight mesh compared with standard polypropylene mesh
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 95:10, s. 1226-1231
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Groin hernia repair is one of the commonest operations in general surgery. Existing techniques have very low and acceptable recurrence rates, but chronic pain and discomfort remain a problem for many patients. New mesh materials are being developed to increase biocompatibility, and the aim of this study was to compare a new titanium-coated lightweight mesh with a standard polypropylene mesh. Methods: A randomized controlled single-centre clinical trial was designed, with the basic principle of one unit, one surgeon, one technique (Lichtenstein under general anaesthesia) and two meshes. Pain before and after surgery, and during convalescence (primary outcomes) was estimated in 317 patients. At 1-year clinical follow-up, recurrence, pain, discomfort and quality of life (secondary outcomes) were evaluated. Results: Patients with the lightweight mesh returned to work after 4 days, compared with 6.5 days for the standard mesh (P = 0.040). The lightweight group returned to normal activity after 7 days, versus 10 days for the standard group (P = 0.005). There was no difference in postoperative pain or recurrence at the 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Patients with the lightweight mesh had a shorter convalescence than those with the standard heavyweight mesh. Registration number: ISRCTN36979348 (http://www.controlled-trials.com). Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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40.
  • Kochar, Bharati, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence and Implications of Frailty in Older Adults With Incident Inflammatory Bowel Diseases : A Nationwide Cohort Study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 20:10, s. 2358-2365
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Aims: We aimed to compare the risk of frailty in older adults with incident inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and matched non-IBD comparators and assess the association between frailty and future hospitalizations and mortality.Methods: In a cohort of patients with incident IBD ≥60 years of age from 2007 to 2016 in Sweden identified using nationwide registers, we defined frailty using Hospital Frailty Risk Score. We compared prevalence of frailty in patients with IBD with age, sex, place of residency– and calendar year–matched population comparators. In the IBD cohort, we used Cox proportional hazards modeling to examine the associations between frailty risk and hospitalizations or mortality.Results: We identified 10,590 patients with IBD, 52% female with a mean age of 71 years of age, matched to 103,398 population-based comparators. Among patients with IBD, 39% had no risk for frailty, 49% had low risk for frailty, and 12% had higher risk for frailty. Mean Hospital Frailty Risk Score was 1.9 in IBD and 0.9 in matched comparators (P < .01). Older adults with IBD at higher risk for frailty had a 20% greater risk for mortality at 3 years compared with those who were not frail. Compared with nonfrail older patients with IBD, patients at higher risk for frailty had increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.86–3.61), all-cause hospitalization (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 2.24–2.61), and IBD-related hospitalization (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.35–1.66). These associations were not attenuated after adjusting for comorbidities.Conclusions: Frailty is more prevalent in older adults with IBD than in matched comparators. Among older patients with IBD, frailty is associated with increased risk for hospitalizations and mortality.
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41.
  • Landerholm, Kalle, et al. (författare)
  • Survival of ileal pouch anal anastomosis constructed after colectomy or secondary to a previous ileorectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis patients: a population-based cohort study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 52:5, s. 531-535
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) affects bowel function, sexual function and reproduction less negatively than ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), the standard reconstruction after colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC). In younger UC patients, IRA may have a role postponing pelvic surgery and IPAA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the survival of IPAA secondary to IRA compared to IPAA as primary reconstruction, as this has not previously been studied in UC. Patients and methods: All patients with UC diagnosis between 1960 and 2010 in Sweden were identified from the National Patient Registry. From this cohort, colectomized patients reconstructed with primary IPAA and patients reconstructed with IPAA secondary to IRA were identified. The survival of the IPAA was followed up until pouch failure, defined as pouchectomy and ileostomy or a diverting ileostomy alone. Results: Out of 63,796 patients, 1796 were reconstructed with IPAA, either primarily (n=1720) or secondary to a previous IRA (n=76). There were no demographic differences between the groups, including length of follow-up (median 12.6 (IQR 6.7-16.6) years and 10.0 (IQR 3.5-15.9) years, respectively). Failure of the IPAA occurred in 103 (6.0%) patients with primary and in 6 (8%) patients after secondary IPAA (P=0.38 log-rank). The 10-year pouch survival was 94% (95% CI 93-96) for primary IPAA and 92% (81-97) for secondary. Conclusions: Patients choosing IRA as primary reconstruction do not have an increased risk of failure of a later secondary IPAA in comparison with patients with primary IPAA.
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42.
  • Ludvigsson, Jonas F., 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Register (SWIBREG) : a nationwide quality register
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 54:9, s. 1089-1101
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory relapsing disease with increasing incidence. IBD research and long-term follow-up of patients have, however, been hampered by lack of detailed data on disease phenotype, patient-reported outcome measures, Physician Global Assessment, disease activity, and hospital-administered drugs.Aim: To review the Swedish IBD quality register (SWIBREG).Methods: Review of SWIBREG including questionnaire data from users and patients.Results: SWIBREG was launched in 2005, and as of April 2019, contains 46,400 patients with IBD (Crohn's disease: n = 15,705, ulcerative colitis: n = 21,540, IBD unclassified and other colitis (including e.g., microscopic colitis): n = 9155). Of these IBD patients, 7778 had been diagnosed in childhood (16.8%). Earlier research has shown that combining SWIBREG and the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) yields a positive predictive value of 100% (95%CI = 95-100%) for having a diagnosis of IBD. Moreover, out of all patients in the NPR with a diagnosis of IBD plus either IBD-related surgery or immunomodulatory/biological treatment during the past 18 months, SWIBREG covers 59.0%. SWIBREG records not only information on conventional therapies but also on biological treatment, surgery, smoking, disease activity, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and patient-experienced measures (PREMs). Data are presented through a graphical decision support system.Conclusion: SWIBREG benefits patients with IBD, and offers an ideal opportunity for healthcare personnel and researchers to examine disease phenotype and activity, PROMs/PREMs, and hospital-administered drugs in patients with IBD.
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43.
  • Lundberg Båve, Aiva, et al. (författare)
  • Colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis is not associated to future diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: United European Gastroenterology journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2050-6406 .- 2050-6414. ; 11:5, s. 471-481
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a hepatobiliary disease closely related to ulcerative colitis (UC). In PSC patients, colectomy has been linked to improved prognosis, especially following liver transplantation. This suggests an involvement of the gut-liver axis in PSC etiology.Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between colectomy and the risk of future PSC in an epidemiological setting.Method: Through nationwide registers, we identified all adults diagnosed with UC in Sweden 1990-2018 and retrieved information on PSC diagnosis and colectomy. Within the UC cohort (n = 61,993 patients), we matched 5577 patients with colectomy to 15,078 without colectomy. Matching criteria were sex, age at UC onset (±5 years), year of UC onset (±3 years), and proctitis at the time of colectomy. Incidence rates of PSC per 1000-person year were calculated, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for PSC until 31 December 2019.Results: During the follow-up, 190 (3.4%) colectomized UC patients and 450 (3.0%) UC comparators developed PSC, yielding incidence rates of 2.6 and 2.4 per 1000 person-years (HR 1.07 [95% CI 0.90-1.28]). The cumulative incidence of colectomy decreased remarkably over calendar periods, but the cumulative incidence of PSC remained unchanged. The risk of developing PSC in colectomized versus comparators changed over time (HR 0.68 [95% CI; 0.48-0.96] in 1990-97 and HR 2.10 [95% CI; 1.37-3.24] in 2011-18).Conclusions: In UC patients, colectomy was not associated with a decreased risk of subsequent PSC. The observed differences in the risk of PSC development over calendar periods are likely due to changes in PSC-diagnosis and UC-treatment.
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44.
  • Marti-Gallostra, M., et al. (författare)
  • The role of a defunctioning stoma for colonic and perianal Crohns disease in the biological era
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 52:3, s. 251-256
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: A defunctioning stoma is a therapeutic option for colonic or perianal Crohns disease. In the pre-biologic era the response rate to defunctioning in our unit was high (86%), but intestinal continuity was only restored in 11-20%. Few data exist on the outcome of defunctioning since the widespread introduction of biologicals. Material and methods: All patients undergoing a defunctioning stoma for colonic/perianal Crohns disease since 2003-2011 were identified from a prospective database. Indications for surgery, medical therapy, response to defunctioning and long-term clinical outcome were recorded. Successful restoration of continuity was defined as no stoma at last follow up. Results: Seventy-six patients were defunctioned (57 with biologicals) and at last follow up, 20 (27%) had continuity restored. Early clinical response rate (amp;lt;3 months) was 15/76 (20%) and overall response 31/76 (41%). Complex anal fistulae/stenosis were associated with a very low chance of restoring continuity (10% and 0%, respectively), while colitis was associated with a higher chance of restoring continuity (48%). Endoscopic or histological improvement in colitis after defunctioning was associated with a higher rate of restoring continuity (10/16, 63%) compared to no such improvement (4/15, 27%, p=0.05). Those failing biologics had similar chance of restoration as those not receiving biologics, 15/57 (26%) and 5/19 (26%), respectively. Conclusion: Overall response to colonic defunctioning was 41%. Successful restoration of continuity occurred in 27%, but 48% in the absence of perianal disease. Response is appreciably less in the pre-biologic era, so patient and physician expectations need to be managed appropriately.
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45.
  • Myrelid, Pär, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Atopic manifestations are more common in patients with Crohn disease than in the general population
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 39:8, s. 731-736
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The role of TNF-α in Crohn disease is now well established and anti-TNF-α is frequently used as a second- or third-line treatment. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is traditionally associated with macrophages but has recently also been found in mast cells of the ileal wall in patients with Crohn disease. As it is well known that mast cells and TNF-α play important roles in atopic manifestations like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema the aim of this study was to investigate whether these are seen more commonly in Crohn patients than in the general population. Methods: Patients with Crohn disease (n = 308), aged 18-50 years, living in the Linköping region in southeast Sweden, were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding the presence of any kind of atopic manifestations. The questionnaire was also sent to 930 controls collected from the Southeastern Region Population Registry. The controls were matched according to age, sex, and place of residence. Results: The response rate among the Crohn patients was 91% (280/308) and among controls 84% (779/930). Eczema was a significantly more frequent manifestation, being almost twice as common in Crohn patients (27%) as in the general population (16%). Adjustment by logistic regression for place of residence, gender, age and coexistence of any other atopic manifestation did not change the odds ratios significantly. Conclusion: Atopic manifestations as a group, and eczema as a single manifestation, are significantly more frequent in Crohn patients than in the general population.
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46.
  • Myrelid, Pär, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Azathioprine as a postoperative prophylaxis reduces symptoms in aggressive Crohn's disease
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 41:10, s. 1190-1195
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) after surgery is common. Azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine (Aza/6-MP) is effective in controlling medically induced remission but, so far, has only been sparsely investigated after surgically induced remission. This study comprises a subset of CD patients considered to have an aggressive disease course and chosen for treatment with Aza postoperatively. Material and methods. In 1989-2000, a total of 100 patients with CD were given Aza/6-MP as a postoperative prophylaxis. Fourteen Aza/6-MP-intolerant patients were compared with 28 Aza-tolerant patients, matched for gender, age, and duration of disease. Patients were prospectively registered for symptoms using a modified Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and perceived health was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The primary outcome variable was the modified CDAI postoperatively integrated over time, other variables were time to first relapse (modified CDAI ≥ 150), time to first repeated surgery, number of courses of steroids, and repeated surgery per year of follow-up. Patients were followed for a median of 84.7months (23.2-140). Results. The modified CDAI integrated over time was 93 for Aza-treated patients compared with 184 for controls (p = 0.01) and time to first relapse was 53 and 24 months, respectively (p < 0.05). Aza-treated patients needed fewer courses of corticosteroids (p = 0.05) compared with controls. Perceived health did not differ between the groups, nor did need of repeated surgery. Time to first repeat operation was 53 and 37 months, respectively. Conclusions. In CD patients considered to have an aggressive disease course, Aza reduced symptoms after surgery and prolonged the time to symptomatic relapse. The findings support a role for Aza as a postoperative maintenance treatment in CD. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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47.
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48.
  • Myrelid, Pär, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Editorial: what is normal function of a pelvic pouch?
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - Chichester, United Kingdom : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 55:11, s. 1452-1453
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
49.
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50.
  • Nordenvall, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Restorative Surgery Is More Common In Ulcerative Colitis Patients with a High Income : A Population-Based Study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - : Springer. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 64:3, s. 301-312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: To avoid a permanent stoma, restorative surgery is performed after the colectomy. Previous studies have shown that less than half of patients with ulcerative colitis undergo restorative surgery.OBJECTIVE: The primary aim was to explore the association between socioeconomic status and restorative surgery after colectomy.DESIGN: This was a nationwide register-based cohort study.SETTINGS: The study was conducted in Sweden.PATIENTS: All Swedish patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent colectomy between 1990 and 2017 at the age of 15 to 69 years were included.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome was restorative surgery, and the secondary outcome was failure of the reconstruction (defined as the need for a new ileostomy after the reconstruction or nonreversal of a defunctioning stoma within 2 years of the reconstruction). To calculate HRs for restorative surgery after colectomy, as well as failure after restorative surgery, multivariable Cox regression models were performed (adjusted for sex, year of colectomy, colorectal cancer diagnosis, education, civil status, country of birth, income (quartiles 1 to 4, where Q4 represents highest income), hospital volume, and stratified by age).RESULTS: In all, 5969 patients with ulcerative colitis underwent colectomy, and of those, 2794 (46.8%) underwent restorative surgery. Restorative surgery was more common in patients with a high income at the time of colectomy (quartile 1, reference; quartile 2, 1.09 (0.98-1.21); quartile 3, 1.20 (1.07-1.34); quartile 4, 1.27 (1.13-1.43)) and less common in those born in a Nordic country than in immigrants born in a non-Nordic country (0.86 (0.74-0.99)), whereas no association was seen with educational level and civil status. There was no association between socioeconomic status and the risk of failure after restorative surgery.LIMITATIONS: The study was restricted to register data.CONCLUSIONS: Restorative surgery in ulcerative colitis appears to be more common in patients with a high income and patients born in a non-Nordic country, indicating inequality in the provided care. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com.db.ub.oru.se/DCR/B433.
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