| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 5. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
|
|
| 9. |
- Chatron, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Bi-allelic GAD1 variants cause a neonatal onset syndromic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 143:5, s. 1447-1461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are a heterogeneous group of early-onset epilepsy syndromes dramatically impairing neurodevelopment. Modern genomic technologies have revealed a number of monogenic origins and opened the door to therapeutic hopes. Here we describe a new syndromic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in GAD1, as presented by 11 patients from six independent consanguineous families. Seizure onset occurred in the first 2 months of life in all patients. All 10 patients, from whom early disease history was available, presented with seizure onset in the first month of life, mainly consisting of epileptic spasms or myoclonic seizures. Early EEG showed suppression-burst or pattern of burst attenuation or hypsarrhythmia if only recorded in the post-neonatal period. Eight patients had joint contractures and/or pes equinovarus. Seven patients presented a cleft palate and two also had an omphalocele, reproducing the phenotype of the knockout Gad1(-/-) mouse model. Four patients died before 4 years of age. GAD1 encodes the glutamate decarboxylase enzyme GAD67, a critical actor of the c-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism as it catalyses the decarboxylation of glutamic acid to form GABA. Our findings evoke a novel syndrome related to GAD67 deficiency, characterized by the unique association of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, cleft palate, joint contractures and/or omphalocele.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Hammad, Yasser A., et al.
(författare)
-
Quality improvement can decrease blood delivery turnaround time : Evidence from a single tertiary-care academic medical center
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. - : American University of Beirut. - 0544-0440. ; 25:3, s. 273-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Blood transfusion services are critical to any hospitals’ functioning, and timely blood/ component therapy resuscitation is lifesaving. Yet, few blood delivery turnaround time (TAT) studies have been undertaken. Aims: We assessed blood delivery TAT at our institution before and after implementing an intervention. Settings and Design: This before-after study assessed blood delivery TAT at our institution at baseline (first audit, December 2015 - February 2016); analyzed the causes of any delays and implemented a multipronged organizational, educational and operational remedial actions for risk mitigation for 3 months, aiming to shorten the blood delivery TAT; and then 9 months later assessed the blood delivery TAT again (second audit, November 2017 - December 2017). Methods and Material: For each of the two audits, we assessed three indices that comprise TAT: Response time (time from doctor’s request until blood is ready for collection, T1); processing time (time from the arrival of technician to blood bank and start of paperwork processing at the blood bank’s front desk until actual collection of the blood, T2); and, Transport time (time from blood bank to arrival to operating theatre, T3). Statistical analysis used: The observed proportions for categorical variables were reported as percentage and compared using Chi square test. Results: After implementing the remedial actions, the second audit confirmed considerable improvements across all three components that comprise the blood TAT. The transport time significantly decreased from an initial majority of > 15 mins duration, to a majority of < 15 mins transport time after the second audit; there was a 50% improvement in 30 mins response time; and the percentage of requests processed in < 10 mins were significantly higher after the second audit. Conclusions: Our program and its findings in terms of much improved blood delivery TAT after implementing this quality improvement approach represent an appropriate and effective solution to the challenge of making blood available fast enough to meet true hemorrhagic emergencies.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hammad, Yassert A., et al.
(författare)
-
Quality, safety and efficiency in practice : Risk assessment and standardisation of anesthesia equipment and supplies in operating theaters of high-volume tertiary-care academic medical center
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. - : American University of Beirut. - 0544-0440. ; 26:1, s. 3-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Operating theatres (OTs) are valuable and costly resources that need to be appropriately designed and stocked for efficient, quality and safe patient care. We assessed the logistic inefficiency including the availability and location layout of necessary supplies across OTs of a high-volume tertiary-care academic medical center. Methods: A blinded observer (anesthesia technologist) was allocated to 10 OTs. For each OT, the availability, quantity and time spent to locate and obtain a set of required items were recorded (baseline values). We then developed an OT mapping plan to determine the specific item/s to be stocked in specific locations, and one OT was standardized to this configuration map. A blinded observer was then allocated to this standardized OT and time spent to obtain the same set of items was again recorded. Six of our regular OTs were then standardized to the same configuration, and the time to obtain the items by a blinded observer were again recorded for each OT. T tests compared the time required to locate items in the standardized OT vs. regular OTs; paired t tests compared the time required in each OT vs. itself before and after standardization. Results: The observer required significantly more time in each of the 10 regular OTs compared to the standardized OT. The time spent by the observer to obtain the required items significantly and considerably decreased in each of 6 OTs after their standardization, compared to the time required before their standardization. Conclusion: This quality improvement project successfully reduced the time required to identify and locate different supplies, which impacts on the efficiency and quality of patient care. For anesthesia staff moving from one anesthetizing location to another within the institution, consistencies in location and number of anesthesia equipment and supplies create higher levels of safety and professionalism.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Karah, Nabil, et al.
(författare)
-
The acinetobacter baumannii website (ab-web) : a multidisciplinary knowledge hub, communication platform, and workspace
- 2023
-
Ingår i: FEMS Microbes. - : Oxford University Press. - 2633-6685. ; 4
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterium increasingly implicated in hospital-acquired infections and outbreaks. Effective prevention and control of such infections are commonly challenged by the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Here we introduce Ab-web (https://www.acinetobacterbaumannii.no), the first online platform for sharing expertise on A. baumannii. Abweb is a species-centric knowledge hub, initially with 10 articles organized into two main sections, 'Overview' and 'Topics', and three themes, 'epidemiology', 'antibiotic resistance', and 'virulence'. The 'workspace' section provides a spot for colleagues to collaborate, build, and manage joint projects. Ab-web is a community-driven initiative amenable to constructive feedback and new ideas.
|
|
| 18. |
- Kononowicz, Andrzej A., et al.
(författare)
-
Virtual Patient Simulations in Health Professions Education : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 21:7
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Virtual patients are interactive digital simulations of clinical scenarios for the purpose of health professions education. There is no current collated evidence on the effectiveness of this form of education.Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual patients compared with traditional education, blended with traditional education, compared with other types of digital education, and design variants of virtual patients in health professions education. The outcomes of interest were knowledge, skills, attitudes, and satisfaction.Methods: We performed a systematic review on the effectiveness of virtual patient simulations in pre- and postregistration health professions education following Cochrane methodology. We searched 7 databases from the year 1990 up to September 2018. No language restrictions were applied. We included randomized controlled trials and cluster randomized trials. We independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and then compared the information in pairs. We contacted study authors for additional information if necessary. All pooled analyses were based on random-effects models.Results: A total of 51 trials involving 4696 participants met our inclusion criteria. Furthermore, 25 studies compared virtual patients with traditional education, 11 studies investigated virtual patients as blended learning, 5 studies compared virtual patients with different forms of digital education, and 10 studies compared different design variants. The pooled analysis of studies comparing the effect of virtual patients to traditional education showed similar results for knowledge (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.11, 95% CI -0.17 to 0.39, I-2=74%, n=927) and favored virtual patients for skills (SMD=0.90, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.32, I-2=88%, n=897). Studies measuring attitudes and satisfaction predominantly used surveys with item-by-item comparison. Trials comparing virtual patients with different forms of digital education and design variants were not numerous enough to give clear recommendations. Several methodological limitations in the included studies and heterogeneity contributed to a generally low quality of evidence.Conclusions: Low to modest and mixed evidence suggests that when compared with traditional education, virtual patients can more effectively improve skills, and at least as effectively improve knowledge. The skills that improved were clinical reasoning, procedural skills, and a mix of procedural and team skills. We found evidence of effectiveness in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries, demonstrating the global applicability of virtual patients. Further research should explore the utility of different design variants of virtual patients.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Rodríguez-Gómez, José A, et al.
(författare)
-
Microglia : Agents of the CNS Pro-Inflammatory Response.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 9:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pro-inflammatory immune response driven by microglia is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Though the research of microglia spans over a century, the last two decades have increased our understanding exponentially. Here, we discuss the phenotypic transformation from homeostatic microglia towards reactive microglia, initiated by specific ligand binding to pattern recognition receptors including toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) or triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), as well as pro-inflammatory signaling pathways triggered such as the caspase-mediated immune response. Additionally, new research disciplines such as epigenetics and immunometabolism have provided us with a more holistic view of how changes in DNA methylation, microRNAs, and the metabolome may influence the pro-inflammatory response. This review aimed to discuss our current knowledge of pro-inflammatory microglia from different angles, including recent research highlights such as the role of exosomes in spreading neuroinflammation and emerging techniques in microglia research including positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and the use of human microglia generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Finally, we also discuss current thoughts on the impact of pro-inflammatory microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.
|
|
| 21. |
- Antoniou, George A., et al.
(författare)
-
European society for vascular surgery clinical practice guideline development scheme : an overview of evidence quality assessment methods, evidence to decision frameworks, and reporting standards in guideline development
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 63:6, s. 791-799
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: A structured and transparent approach is instrumental in translating research evidence to health recommendations and evidence informed clinical decisions. The aim was to conduct an overview and analysis of principles and methodologies for health guideline development.Methods: A literature review on methodologies, strategies, and fundamental steps in the process of guideline development was performed. The clinical practice guideline development process and methodology adopted by the European Society for Vascular Surgery are also presented.Results: Sophisticated methodologies for health guideline development are being applied increasingly by national and international organisations. Their overarching principle is a systematic, structured, transparent, and iterative process that is aimed at making well informed healthcare choices. Critical steps in guideline development include the assessment of the certainty of the body of evidence; evidence to decision frameworks; and guideline reporting. The goal of strength of evidence assessments is to provide well reasoned judgements about the guideline developers’ confidence in study findings, and several evidence hierarchy schemes and evidence rating systems have been described for this purpose. Evidence to decision frameworks help guideline developers and users conceptualise and interpret the construct of the quality of the body of evidence. The most widely used evidence to decision frameworks are those developed by the GRADE Working Group and the WHO-INTEGRATE, and are structured into three distinct components: background; assessment; and conclusions. Health guideline reporting tools are employed to ensure methodological rigour and transparency in guideline development. Such reporting instruments include the AGREE II and RIGHT, with the former being used for guideline development and appraisal, as well as reporting.Conclusion: This guide will help guideline developers/expert panels enhance their methodology, and patients/clinicians/policymakers interpret guideline recommendations and put them in context. This document may be a useful methodological summary for health guideline development by other societies and organisations.
|
|
| 22. |
- Benhouria, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Carbides-anti-perovskites Mn3(Sn, Zn)C : Potential candidates for an application in magnetic refrigeration
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physica. E, Low-Dimensional systems and nanostructures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-9477 .- 1873-1759. ; 124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, the combination of the First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) methods are investigated on the structural, magneto-electronic and magneto-caloric properties of the anti-perovskite carbides Mn3XC with X = Sn, Zn. Firstly, the electronic band structure and total/partial density of state of both Mn3SnC and Mn3ZnC are computed and compared to other theoretical and experimental works. Our results reveal that both Mn3SnC and Mn3ZnC structures exhibit a metallic behavior and the valence (VB) and conduction (CB) bands overlap considerably. Additionally, the magnetic and magneto-caloric properties including heat capacity (C), the entropy change (ΔS), adiabatic temperature (ΔT) and the refrigerant capacity (RC) were studied under the magnetic field ranging between 0 and 5 T for both anti-perovskites. Our findings suggest that both anti-perovskite carbide (Mn3SnC and Mn3ZnC) can act as an effective substrate for magnetic refrigeration.
|
|
| 23. |
- Berman, Anne H., et al.
(författare)
-
Virtual Patients in a Behavioral Medicine Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) : A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Participants' Perceptions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Academic Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1042-9670 .- 1545-7230. ; 41:5, s. 631-641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The purpose of this article is to explore learners' perceptions of using virtual patients in a behavioral medicine Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) and thereby describe innovative ways of disseminating knowledge in health-related areas. Methods A 5-week MOOC on behavioral medicine was hosted on the edX platform. The authors developed two branched virtual patients consisting of video recordings of a live standardized patient, with multiple clinical decision points and narration unfolding depending on learners' choices. Students interacted with the virtual patients to treat stress and sleep problems. Answers to the exit survey and participant comments from the discussion forum were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results In total, 19,236 participants enrolled in the MOOC, out of which 740 received the final certificate. The virtual patients were completed by 2317 and 1640 participants respectively. Among survey respondents (n = 442), 83.1% agreed that the virtual patient exercise was helpful. The qualitative analysis resulted in themes covering what it was like to work with the virtual patient, with subthemes on learner-centered education, emotions/eustress, game comparisons, what the participants learned, what surprised them, how confident participants felt about applying interventions in practice, suggestions for improvement, and previous experiences of virtual patients. Conclusions Students were enthusiastic about interacting with the virtual patients as a means to apply new knowledge about behavioral medicine interventions. The most common suggestion was to incorporate more interactive cases with various levels of complexity. Further research should include patient outcomes and focus on interprofessional aspects of learning with virtual patients in a MOOC.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Conte, Michael S., et al.
(författare)
-
Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 58:1, s. S1-S109
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is associated with mortality, amputation, and impaired quality of life. These Global Vascular Guidelines (GVG) are focused on definition, evaluation, and management of CLTI with the goals of improving evidence-based care and highlighting critical research needs. The term CLTI is preferred over critical limb ischemia, as the latter implies threshold values of impaired perfusion rather than a continuum. CLTI is a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in combination with rest pain, gangrene, or a lower limb ulceration >2 weeks duration. Venous, traumatic, embolic, and nonatherosclerotic etiologies are excluded. All patients with suspected CLTI should be referred urgently to a vascular specialist. Accurately staging the severity of limb threat is fundamental, and the Society for Vascular Surgery Threatened Limb Classification system, based on grading of Wounds, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) is endorsed. Objective hemodynamic testing, including toe pressures as the preferred measure, is required to assess CLTI. Evidence-based revascularization (EBR) hinges on three independent axes: Patient risk, Limb severity, and ANatomic complexity (PLAN). Average-risk and high-risk patients are defined by estimated procedural and 2-year all-cause mortality. The GVG proposes a new Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS), which involves defining a preferred target artery path (TAP) and then estimating limb-based patency (LBP), resulting in three stages of complexity for intervention. The optimal revascularization strategy is also influenced by the availability of autogenous vein for open bypass surgery. Recommendations for EBR are based on best available data, pending level 1 evidence from ongoing trials. Vein bypass may be preferred for average-risk patients with advanced limb threat and high complexity disease, while those with less complex anatomy, intermediate severity limb threat, or high patient risk may be favored for endovascular intervention. All patients with CLTI should be afforded best medical therapy including the use of antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and glycemic control agents, as well as counseling on smoking cessation, diet, exercise, and preventive foot care. Following EBR, long-term limb surveillance is advised. The effectiveness of nonrevascularization therapies (eg, spinal stimulation, pneumatic compression, prostanoids, and hyperbaric oxygen) has not been established. Regenerative medicine approaches (eg, cell, gene therapies) for CLTI should be restricted to rigorously conducted randomizsed clinical trials. The GVG promotes standardization of study designs and end points for clinical trials in CLTI. The importance of multidisciplinary teams and centers of excellence for amputation prevention is stressed as a key health system initiative.
|
|
| 27. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R., et al.
(författare)
-
Plant extracts and compounds for combating schistosomiasis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Phytochemistry Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1568-7767 .- 1572-980X. ; 22:6, s. 1691-1806
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schistosomiasis is a vector-borne water-based disease caused by Schistosoma blood flukes. It mostly affects people in low-income regions, 90% of reported cases being in developing countries. Schistosoma has a complex lifecycle, alternately infecting mammalian hosts and snails. The snails hosting the parasite are the most viable targets. Selective preparations for reducing the parasite pool in snails and infected water are required as current molluscicides are also nontoxic to other organisms, including fish, and thus affect food supplies in infected areas. Plants (e.g. Annona crassiflora Mart., A. muricata L., and A. montana Macfad.) are attractive potential sources as alternative molluscicides and novel entity to treat the disease owned to their diverse biologically potent compounds including; saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannins. Additionally, they can be locally cultivated, providing income for farmers and reducing treatment costs. Here, we review plants, plant extracts and isolated compounds that have shown activities against the host snails or Schistosoma in various parts of its life cycle. Plants have a lot of potential and will continue to contribute feasible, effective medicines and/or pesticides; more research is warranted to fully explore their future applications.
|
|
| 28. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R., et al.
(författare)
-
Plant extracts and compounds for combating schistosomiasis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Phytochemistry Reviews. - : Springer. - 1568-7767 .- 1572-980X. ; 22:6, s. 1691-1806
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schistosomiasis is a vector-borne water-based disease caused by Schistosoma blood flukes. It mostly affects people in low-income regions, 90% of reported cases being in developing countries. Schistosoma has a complex lifecycle, alternately infecting mammalian hosts and snails. The snails hosting the parasite are the most viable targets. Selective preparations for reducing the parasite pool in snails and infected water are required as current molluscicides are also nontoxic to other organisms, including fish, and thus affect food supplies in infected areas. Plants (e.g. Annona crassiflora Mart., A. muricata L., and A. montana Macfad.) are attractive potential sources as alternative molluscicides and novel entity to treat the disease owned to their diverse biologically potent compounds including; saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannins. Additionally, they can be locally cultivated, providing income for farmers and reducing treatment costs. Here, we review plants, plant extracts and isolated compounds that have shown activities against the host snails or Schistosoma in various parts of its life cycle. Plants have a lot of potential and will continue to contribute feasible, effective medicines and/or pesticides; more research is warranted to fully explore their future applications.
|
|
| 29. |
- Hachim, Mahmood Y., et al.
(författare)
-
An integrative phenotype–genotype approach using phenotypic characteristics from the UAE national diabetes study identifies HSD17B12 as a candidate gene for obesity and type 2 diabetes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 11:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The United Arab Emirates National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB) has identified obesity, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and dyslipidemia as common phenotypic characteristics correlated with diabetes mellitus status. As these phenotypes are usually linked with genetic variants, we hypothesized that these phenotypes share single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-clusters that can be used to identify causal genes for diabetes. Materials and We explored the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute Catalog of Published Genome-Wide Association Studies (NHGRI-EBI GWAS) to list SNPs with documented association with the UAEDIAB-phenotypes as well as diabetes. The shared chromosomal regions affected by SNPs were identified, intersected, and searched for Enriched Ontology Clustering. The potential SNP-clusters were validated using targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) in two Emirati diabetic patients. RNA sequencing from human pancreatic islets was used to study the expression of identified genes in diabetic and non-diabetic donors. Eight chromosomal regions containing 46 SNPs were identified in at least four out of the five UAEDIAB-phenotypes. A list of 34 genes was shown to be affected by those SNPs. Targeted NGS from two Emirati patients confirmed that the identified genes have similar SNP-clusters. ASAH1, LRP4, FES, and HSD17B12 genes showed the highest SNPs rate among the identified genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed high expression levels of HSD17B12 in human islets and to be upregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) donors. Our integrative phenotype-genotype approach is a novel, simple, and powerful tool to identify clinically relevant potential biomarkers in diabetes. HSD17B12 is a novel candidate gene for pancreatic β-cell function.
|
|
| 30. |
- Hadadgar, Arash, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating and validating e-cases as educational tools in general practitioners' continuing medical education context
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1895-9091 .- 1896-530X. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed at creating electronic cases (e-cases) and analyzing their validity as a diagnostic assessment tool within the context of continuing medical education (CME) to measure general practitioners' (GPs) knowledge of common infectious disease. Methods: We designed assessment e-cases in an electronic CME platform. The e-cases were designed to measure GPs' knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of common infectious disease in outpatient settings. The data collected were analyzed for five forms of evidence: content, response process, internal structure, relations with other variables and consequences. Results: A total of 46 GPs participated in the study. Among them, 87% perceived the e-cases as resembling the patients whom they visit in their everyday practice. Although attendance in this activity made 85% of the participants more cautious about prescription of antibiotics, we could not detect any statistically significant association between the assessment scores and the physicians' previous antibiotic prescription. The diagnos- e tic assessment with e-cases was supported by most of the elements of validity evidence, including content, response process, internal structure and consequences. Conclusions: Overall, evidence suggests that using e-cases might be a valid diagnostic assessment CME activity to measure GPs' knowledge of common infectious disease, but more research is necessary.
|
|
| 31. |
- Hashim, Fatma A., et al.
(författare)
-
Dimensionality reduction approach based on modified hunger games search: case study on Parkinsons disease phonation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Neural Computing & Applications. - : SPRINGER LONDON LTD. - 0941-0643 .- 1433-3058. ; 35:29, s. 21979-22005
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hunger Games Search (HGS) is a newly developed swarm-based algorithm inspired by the cooperative behavior of animals and their hunting strategies to find prey. However, HGS has been observed to exhibit slow convergence and may struggle with unbalanced exploration and exploitation phases. To address these issues, this study proposes a modified version of HGS called mHGS, which incorporates five techniques: (1) modified production operator, (2) modified variation control, (3) modified local escaping operator, (4) modified transition factor, and (5) modified foraging behavior. To validate the effectiveness of the mHGS method, 18 different benchmark datasets for dimensionality reduction are utilized, covering a range of sizes (small, medium, and large). Additionally, two Parkinsons disease phonation datasets are employed as real-world applications to demonstrate the superior capabilities of the proposed approach. Experimental and statistical results obtained through the mHGS method indicate its significant performance improvements in terms of Recall, selected attribute count, Precision, F-score, and accuracy when compared to the classical HGS and seven other well-established methods: Gradient-based optimizer (GBO), Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), and Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO).
|
|
| 32. |
- Karah, Nabil, et al.
(författare)
-
Database for the ampC alleles in Acinetobacter baumannii
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acinetobacter baumannii is a troublesome opportunistic pathogen with a high capacity for clonal dissemination. We announce the establishment of a database for the ampC locus in A. baumannii, in which novel ampC alleles are differentiated based on the occurrence of >= 1 nucleotide change, regardless of whether it is silent or missense. The database is openly accessible at the pubmlst platform for A. baumannii (http://pubmlst.org/abaumannii/). Forty-eight distinctive alleles of the ampC locus have so far been identified and deposited in the database. Isolates from clonal complex 1 (CC1), according to the Pasteur multilocus sequence typing scheme, had a variety of the ampC locus alleles, including alleles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, and 18. On the other hand, isolates from CC2 had the ampC alleles 2, 3, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, and 46. Allele 3 was characteristic for sequence types ST3 or ST32. The ampC alleles 10, 16, and 25 were characteristic for CC10, ST16, and CC25, respectively. Our study points out that novel gene databases, in which alleles are numbered based on differences in their nucleotide identities, should replace traditional records that use amino acid substitutions to define new alleles.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Khossossi, Nabil, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring the Possibility of beta-Phase Arsenic-Phosphorus Polymorph Monolayer as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Advanced Theory and Simulations. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2513-0390. ; 3:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite anode have shown commercial success for over two decades, since the start of their use in commercial Li-ion batteries, due to their high practical specific capacity, conductivity, and low lithiation potential. Graphite is to a large extent thermodynamically unfavorable for sodium-ion intercalation and thus limits advancement in Na-ion batteries. In this work, a beta-phase arsenic-phosphorus monolayer is studied, which has recently been predicted to have semiconducting behavior and to be dynamically stable. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are used to explore the role of beta-AsP monolayer as a negative electrode for Na-ion batteries. Cohesive energy, phonon spectrum, and molecule dynamics simulations confirm the thermodynamic stability and the possibility of experimentally synthesizing this material. The Na-ion adsorption-energies are found to be high (>-1.2 eV) on both sides (As- and P-side). The ultra-fast energy barriers for Na (0.046/0.053 V) over both sides imply high diffusion of Na-ions on the surfaces of beta-AsP. During the evaluation of Na-ion anode performance, the fully sodiated state is found to be Na2AsP, which yields a high theoretical-specific capacity of 506.16 mAh g(-1)and low average sodiation potential of 0.43 V versus Na/Na+.
|
|
| 35. |
- Kyaw, Bhone Myint, et al.
(författare)
-
Virtual Reality for Health Professions Education : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. - 1438-8871. ; 21:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows the user to explore and manipulate computer-generated real or artificial three-dimensional multimedia sensory environments in real time to gain practical knowledge that can be used in clinical practice. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of VR for educating health professionals and improving their knowledge, cognitive skills, attitudes, and satisfaction. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the effectiveness of VR in pre- and postregistration health professions education following the gold standard Cochrane methodology. We searched 7 databases from the year 1990 to August 2017. No language restrictions were applied. We included randomized controlled trials and cluster-randomized trials. We independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias, and then, we compared the information in pairs. We contacted authors of the studies for additional information if necessary. All pooled analyses were based on random-effects models. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach to rate the quality of the body of evidence. Results: A total of 31 studies (2407 participants) were included. Meta-analysis of 8 studies found that VR slightly improves postintervention knowledge scores when compared with traditional learning (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.44; 95% CI 0.18-0.69; I-2=49%; 603 participants; moderate certainty evidence) or other types of digital education such as online or offline digital education (SMD=0.43; 95% CI 0.07-0.79; I-2=78%; 608 participants [8 studies]; low certainty evidence). Another meta-analysis of 4 studies found that VR improves health professionals' cognitive skills when compared with traditional learning (SMD=1.12; 95% CI 0.81-1.43; I-2=0%; 235 participants; large effect size; moderate certainty evidence). Two studies compared the effect of VR with other forms of digital education on skills, favoring the VR group (SMD=0.5; 95% CI 0.32-0.69; I-2=0%; 467 participants; moderate effect size; low certainty evidence). The findings for attitudes and satisfaction were mixed and inconclusive. None of the studies reported any patient-related outcomes, behavior change, as well as unintended or adverse effects of VR. Overall, the certainty of evidence according to the GRADE criteria ranged from low to moderate. We downgraded our certainty of evidence primarily because of the risk of bias and/or inconsistency. Conclusions: We found evidence suggesting that VR improves postintervention knowledge and skills outcomes of health professionals when compared with traditional education or other types of digital education such as online or offline digital education. The findings on other outcomes are limited. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of immersive and interactive forms of VR and evaluate other outcomes such as attitude, satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, and clinical practice or behavior change.
|
|
| 36. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
|
|
| 37. |
- Mogilenko, Denis A., et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolic and Innate Immune Cues Merge into a Specific Inflammatory Response via the UPR
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 177:5, s. 1201-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innate immune responses are intricately linked with intracellular metabolism of myeloid cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation shifts intracellular metabolism toward glycolysis, while anti-inflammatory signals depend on enhanced mitochondrial respiration. How exogenous metabolic signals affect the immune response is unknown. We demonstrate that TLR-dependent responses of dendritic cells (DCs) are exacerbated by a high-fatty-acid (FA) metabolic environment. FAs suppress the TLR-induced hexokinase activity and perturb tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. These metabolic changes enhance mitochondria! reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and, in turn, the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to a distinct transcriptomic signature with IL-23 as hallmark. Interestingly, chemical or genetic suppression of glycolysis was sufficient to induce this specific immune response. Conversely, reducing mtROS production or DC-specific deficiency in XBP1 attenuated IL-23 expression and skin inflammation in an IL-23-dependent model of psoriasis. Thus, fine-tuning of innate immunity depends on optimization of metabolic demands and minimization of mtROS-induced UPR.
|
|
| 38. |
- Orešič, Matej, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease and liver fat content by serum molecular lipids
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 56:10, s. 2266-2274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We examined whether analysis of lipids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to MS allows the development of a laboratory test for non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), and how a lipid-profile biomarker compares with the prediction of NAFLD and liver-fat content based on routinely available clinical and laboratory data.METHODS: We analysed the concentrations of molecular lipids by UPLC-MS in blood samples of 679 well-characterised individuals in whom liver-fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) or liver biopsy. The participants were divided into biomarker-discovery (n = 287) and validation (n = 392) groups to build and validate the diagnostic models, respectively.RESULTS: Individuals with NAFLD had increased triacylglycerols with low carbon number and double-bond content while lysophosphatidylcholines and ether phospholipids were diminished in those with NAFLD. A serum-lipid signature comprising three molecular lipids ('lipid triplet') was developed to estimate the percentage of liver fat. It had a sensitivity of 69.1% and specificity of 73.8% when applied for diagnosis of NAFLD in the validation series. The usefulness of the lipid triplet was demonstrated in a weight-loss intervention study.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The liver-fat-biomarker signature based on molecular lipids may provide a non-invasive tool to diagnose NAFLD, in addition to highlighting lipid molecular pathways involved in the disease.
|
|
| 39. |
- Petersson, Linn, et al.
(författare)
-
Miniaturization of multiplexed planar recombinant antibody arrays for serum protein profiling.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Bioanalysis. - : Future Science Ltd. - 1757-6180 .- 1757-6199. ; 6:9, s. 1175-1185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antibody-based microarrays are a developing tool for high-throughput proteomics in health and disease. However, in order to enable global proteome profiling, novel miniaturized high-density antibody array formats must be developed. Results: In this proof-of-concept study, we have designed a miniaturized planar recombinant (single-chain Fragment variable). antibody array technology platform for multiplexed profiling of non-fractionated, directly labelled serum samples. The size of the individual spot features was reduced 225-times (78.5 μm(2)/spot) and the array density was increased 19-times (38,000 spots/cm(2)). These miniaturized, multiplexed arrays were produced, using a desktop nanofabrication system based on dip-pen nanolithography technology, and interfaced with a high-resolution fluorescent-based scanner. The reproducibility, sensitivity, specificity, and applicability of the set-up were demonstrated by profiling a set of well-characterized serum samples. Conclusion: The designed antibody array platform opens up new possibilities for large-scale, multiplex profiling of crude proteomes in a miniaturized fashion.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Rosén, A, et al.
(författare)
-
A systematic approach to improve oral and maxillofacial surgery education
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Dental Education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 15:4, s. 223-230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve teaching quality and student satisfaction, a new curriculum in Oral Surgery was implemented at Karolinska Institutet in 2007. This paper describes the curriculum change as well as the results regarding quality, satisfaction, cost-effectiveness and workload for teachers and staff. To design the new curriculum, all members of the teaching staff participated in a series of group discussions where problems with the previous curriculum were identified and ideas on how to improve the curriculum were discussed. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the number of teaching sessions between the new and the old curriculum. A questionnaire was used to investigate the staffs’ perceived change in workload and teaching quality. The students’ satisfaction and attitudes to learning was screened for by on-line questionnaires. The large amount of passive observational teaching was considered as the main problem with the old curriculum. Half of these sessions were replaced by either clinical seminars or demonstrations performed in an interactive form. Students rated the new curriculum as a clear improvement. Analyses of time and cost-effectiveness showed a decrease in teaching sessions by almost 50%. Generally, the teachers were more positive towards the changes compared to the non-teaching staff. The students rated the new type of learning activities relatively high, whilst the traditional observational teaching was seen as less satisfactory. They preferred to learn in a practical way and few indicated analytic or emotional preferences. The majority of the students reported a good alignment between the new course curriculum and the final exam.
|
|
| 42. |
- Stathakarou, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
-
MOOC Learners' Engagement with Two Variants of Virtual Patients : A Randomised Trial
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Education Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-7102. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are an increasingly popular form of education in health professional education. VPs have been introduced in MOOCs to increase interactivity. There is a lack of research in understanding the reasons behind high dropout rates in MOOCs. We explored how learners interact with VPs and compared the significance of different VP designs on dropout rates. Methods: RCT of 378 participants split into two groups to interact with two VPs using different design: branching and linear. Data on node progression and VP attempts was analysed using descriptive and quantitative analysis. Results: Eight groups of learner interaction patterns were identified. The majority of learners completed the VP in a linear path in one attempt. A significant number either completed the case in a loop path in one attempt, completed in a linear path in multiple attempts or dropped out without attempting the case. VP design has a significant effect on dropout rates of learners. There is a higher dropout rate from a branched VP compared to linear VP. Discussion: Prior research showed that branched VPs are more engaging and promote greater learning compared to linear VPs. However, our results indicate that branched VPs had greater dropout compared to VPs that require less time to be solved. Conclusions: We conclude that branching had a negative effect on completion of the VP activity in the MOOC. Moreover, we believe that more complex VPs require more effort on task and this might not be a design that facilitates the interaction in a MOOC audience, where the participants might wish to acquire the basic medical knowledge offered by the course.
|
|
| 43. |
- Weinberg, S.E., et al.
(författare)
-
Control and management of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii : A review of the evidence and proposal of novel approaches
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Infection Prevention in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0889. ; 2:3
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hospital-acquired infections are on the rise and are a substantial cause of clinical and financial burden for healthcare systems. While infection control plays a major role in curtailing the spread of outbreak organisms, it is not always successful. One organism of particular concern is Acinetobacter baumannii, due to both its persistence in the hospital setting and its ability to acquire antibiotic resistance. A. baumannii has emerged as a nosocomial pathogen that exhibits high levels of resistance to antibiotics, and remains resilient against traditional cleaning measures with resistance to Colistin increasingly reported. Given the magnitude and costs associated with hospital acquired infections, and the increase in multidrug-resistant organisms, it is worth re-evaluating our current approaches and looking for alternatives or adjuncts to traditional antibiotics therapies. The aims of this review are to look at how this organism is spread within the hospital setting, discuss current treatment modalities, and propose alternative methods of outbreak management.
|
|
| 44. |
- Östlund, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
-
A Lutheran in the Holy Land: Michael Eneman´s Journey, 1711-12
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Through the Eyes of the Beholder. - 0929-2403. ; 97, s. 207-224
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The collection examines the view of the holiness in the "Holy Land" through the writings of pilgrims, travelers, and missionaries. The period extends from 1517, the Ottoman conquest of Syria and Palestine, to the Franco-British treaty of Utrecht in 1713 and the consolidation of European hegemony over the Mediterranean. The writers in the collection include Christians (Orthodox, Protestant, and Catholic), Muslims, and Jews, who originate from countries such as Sweden, England, France, Holland, Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and Syria. This book is the first to juxtapose writers of different backgrounds and languages, to emphasize the holiness of the land in a number of traditions, and to ask whether holiness was inherent in geography or a product of the piety of the writers.
|
|
