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- Raaschou-Nielsen, O., et al.
(författare)
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Particulate matter air pollution components and risk for lung cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 87, s. 66-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a human lung carcinogen; however, the components responsible have not been identified. We assessed the associations between PM components and lung cancer incidence. Methods: We used data from 14 cohort studies in eight European countries. We geocoded baseline addresses and assessed air pollution with land-use regression models for eight elements (Cu, Fe, K, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn) in size fractions of PM2.5 and PM10. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effect models for meta-analysis. Results: The 245,782 cohort members contributed 3,229,220 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean, 13.1 years), 1878 incident cases of lung cancer were diagnosed. In the meta-analyses, elevated hazard ratios (HRs) for lung cancer were associated with all elements except V; none was statistically significant In analyses restricted to participants who did not change residence during follow-up, statistically significant associations were found for PM2.5 Cu (HR, 125; 95% Cl, 1.01-1.53 per 5 ng/m(3)), PM10 Zn (1.28; 1.02-1.59 per 20 ng/m3), PMio S (1.58; 1.03-2.44 per 200 ng/m(3)), PM10 Ni (1.59; 1.12-2.26 per 2 ng/m(3)) and PM10K (1.17; 1.02-1.33 per 100 ng/m(3)). In two-pollutant models, associations between PMio and PM2.5 and lung cancer were largely explained by PM2.5 S. Conclusions: This study indicates that the association between PM in air pollution and lung cancer can be attributed to various PM components and sources. PM containing S and Ni might be particularly important.
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| 3. |
- Haheim, L. L., et al.
(författare)
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Oral health and cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality of cerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction and unspecified stroke in elderly men: A prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:7, s. 762-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stroke mortality comprises different specific diagnoses as cerebral infarction, different haemorrhagic conditions and unspecified stroke. This study seeks to explore the prediction of oral health indicators versus known cardiovascular disease risk factors for stroke mortality. Methods: Altogether, 12,764 men aged 58 to 77 years were invited to the health screening Oslo II in the year 2000. It included general medical measurements and questionnaire information. Mortality data were supplied by Statistics Norway for the 6530 attending men. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to establish prediction models for mortality. Results: Oral health by number of tooth extractions >10 was found to be an independent predictor for cerebral infarction hazard ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (1.24-6.89). This was independent of HDL-Cholesterol (inversely) hazard ratio = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (0.06-0.76), frequent alcohol consumption (drinking 4-7 times per week) hazard ratio = 3.58, 95% confidence interval (1.40-9.13) and diabetes hazard ratio = 4.28, 95% confidence interval (1.68-10.89). Predictors for cerebral haemorrhage were age, hs-C-reactive protein and body mass index (inversely). Age and total cholesterol (inversely) were predictors for unspecified stroke. Conclusions: Oral health measured by number of tooth extractions >10 was an independent predictor for cerebral infarction in addition to age, HDL-C, hs-C-reactive protein and diabetes. The pattern of risk factors varied between the specific stroke diagnoses.
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| 4. |
- Lund Håheim, L., et al.
(författare)
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Low levels of antibodies for the oral bacterium Tannerella forsythia predict cardiovascular disease mortality in men with myocardial infarction: A prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Medical Hypotheses. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-9877. ; 138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibody levels to periodontal pathogens in prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality were explored using data from a health survey in Oslo in 2000 (Oslo II-study) with 12 1/2 years follow-up. IgG antibodies to four common periodontal pathogens; Tannerella forsythia (TF), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Treponema denticola (TD) all termed collectively the “red complex”, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) were analysed. The study sample consisted of 1172 men drawn from a cohort of 6,530 men who participated in the Oslo II-study, where they provided information on medical and dental history. Of the study sample, 548 men had reported prior myocardial infarction (MI) at baseline whereas the remaining 624 men were randomly drawn from the ostensibly healthy participants for comparative analyses. Dental anamnestic information included tooth extractions and oral infections. An inverse relation was found for trend by the quartile risk level of TF predicting CVD mortality, p-value for trend = 0.017. Comparison of the first to fourth quartile of TF antibodies resulted in hazard ratio (HR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.94, p = 0.015, adjusted for age, education, diabetes, daily smoking, and systolic blood pressure. Specificity comparing decile 1 to deciles 2–10 of TF predicting mortality was 92.3%. We found an increased HR by low levels of antibodies to the bacterium T. forsythia predicting CVD mortality in a 12 ½ years follow-up in persons who had experienced an MI but not among non-MI men. This novel finding constitutes a plausible causal link between oral infections and CVD mortality. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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