| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fomalont, E. B., et al.
(author)
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THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
- 2015
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 808:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to similar to 15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from 2014 September to late November, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C 138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at similar to 350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Butler-Laporte, G, et al.
(author)
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Exome-wide association study to identify rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes: Results from the Host Genetics Initiative
- 2022
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In: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 18:11, s. e1010367-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Host genetics is a key determinant of COVID-19 outcomes. Previously, the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative genome-wide association study used common variants to identify multiple loci associated with COVID-19 outcomes. However, variants with the largest impact on COVID-19 outcomes are expected to be rare in the population. Hence, studying rare variants may provide additional insights into disease susceptibility and pathogenesis, thereby informing therapeutics development. Here, we combined whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing from 21 cohorts across 12 countries and performed rare variant exome-wide burden analyses for COVID-19 outcomes. In an analysis of 5,085 severe disease cases and 571,737 controls, we observed that carrying a rare deleterious variant in the SARS-CoV-2 sensor toll-like receptor TLR7 (on chromosome X) was associated with a 5.3-fold increase in severe disease (95% CI: 2.75–10.05, p = 5.41x10-7). This association was consistent across sexes. These results further support TLR7 as a genetic determinant of severe disease and suggest that larger studies on rare variants influencing COVID-19 outcomes could provide additional insights.
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| 9. |
- Moortgat-Pick, G., et al.
(author)
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Polarized positrons and electrons at the linear collider
- 2008
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In: Physics reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 460:4-5, s. 131-243
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) is well-suited for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model and for precisely unraveling the structure of the underlying physics. The physics return can be maximized by the use of polarized beams. This report shows the paramount role of polarized beams and summarizes the benefits obtained from polarizing the positron beam, as well as the electron beam. The physics case for this option is illustrated explicitly by analyzing reference reactions in different physics scenarios. The results show that positron polarization, combined with the clean experimental environment provided by the linear collider, allows to improve strongly the potential of searches for new particles and the identification of their dynamics, which opens the road to resolve shortcomings of the Standard Model. The report also presents an overview of possible designs for polarizing both beams at the ILC, as well as for measuring their polarization.
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| 10. |
- Yamada, K., et al.
(author)
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Long-term outcome of targeted therapy for low back pain in elderly degenerative lumbar scoliosis
- 2021
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In: European Spine Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 30, s. 2020-2032
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose Treatment of low back pain (LBP) associated with elderly degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) remains controversial. We have developed percutaneous intervertebral-vacuum polymethylmethacrylate injection (PIPI) targeting to the intervertebral vacuum as a minimally invasive surgery. The present study compared the long-term clinical outcomes of PIPI to that of nonoperative treatment. Methods Patients with de novo DLS, aged >= 65 years, who had LBP with visual analog scale (VAS) of >= 50 for >= 6 months with intervertebral vacuum on computed tomography and bone marrow edema (BME) on magnetic resonance imaging were included. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using VAS and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at baseline, 1, 6, 12, 24 months, and at the final follow-up. The course of BME was also evaluated. Results One hundred and one patients underwent PIPI and 61 received nonoperative treatment. The mean follow-up duration after PIPI and nonoperative treatment was 63.7 +/- 32.4 and 43.9 +/- 20.9 months, respectively. VAS and ODI after PIPI were significantly improved compared to post-nonoperative treatment. BME decreased substantially in the PIPI group and it was significantly correlated with VAS and ODI improvement. Following PIPI, LBP recurred in 28 patients (35%). LBP recurrence was identified at the same level of PIPI in 10 patients, at the adjacent level of PIPI in 11 patients, and at the non-adjacent level of PIPI in seven patients. Eighteen patients underwent additional PIPIs, and both VAS and ODI were significantly improved after additional PIPIs. Conclusion Bone marrow lesions of the endplate are strongly associated with the presence of LBP. PIPI can be considered as an effective, safe and repeatable treatment for LBP in elderly DLS patients.
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| 11. |
- Rademacher, G., et al.
(author)
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10.66 Peta-Bit/s Transmission over a 38-Core-Three-Mode Fiber
- 2020
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In: 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2020 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We demonstrate transmission of 368-WDM-38-core-3-mode × 24.5-GBaud 64- and 256-QAM signals over 13 km. Record data-rate and spectral-efficiency of 1158.7 b/s/Hz were enabled by a low DMD 38-core-3-mode fiber with high uniformity amongst cores.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hattori, T, et al.
(author)
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Administration of umbilical cord blood cells transiently decreased hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats
- 2015
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In: Developmental neuroscience. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9859 .- 0378-5866. ; 37:2, s. 95-104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of mononuclear cells derived from human umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs) could ameliorate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a neonatal rat model. The left carotid arteries of 7-day-old rats were ligated, and the rats were then exposed to 8% oxygen for 60 min. Mononuclear cells derived from UCBCs using the Ficoll-Hypaque technique were injected intraperitoneally 6 h after the insult (1.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells). Twenty-four hours after the insult, the number of cells positive for the oxidative stress markers 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and nitrotyrosine, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the UCBC-treated group, decreased by 36 and 42%, respectively, compared with those in the control group. In addition, the number of cells positive for the apoptosis markers active caspase-3 and apoptosis-inducing factor decreased by 53 and 58%, respectively. The number of activated microglia (ED1-positive cells) was 51% lower in the UCBC group compared with the control group. In a gait analysis performed 2 weeks after the insult, there were no significant differences among the sham-operated, control and UCBC groups. An active avoidance test using a shuttle box the following week also revealed no significant differences among the groups. Neither the volumes of the hippocampi, corpus callosum and cortices nor the numbers of neurons in the hippocampus were different between the UCBC and control groups. In summary, a single intraperitoneal injection of UCBC-derived mononuclear cells 6 h after an ischemic insult was associated with a transient reduction in numbers of apoptosis and oxidative stress marker-positive cells, but it did not induce long-term morphological or functional protection. Repeated administration or a combination treatment may be required to achieve sustained protection.
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| 14. |
- Izumi, T., et al.
(author)
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ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUBMILLIMETER DENSE MOLECULAR GAS TRACERS IN THE LUMINOUS TYPE-1 ACTIVE NUCLEUS OF NGC 7469
- 2015
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 811:1, s. Article Number: 39-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 1 observations of the central kiloparsec region of the luminous type. 1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 with unprecedented high resolution (0.'' 5x0.'' 4 = 165 x 132 pc) at submillimeter wavelengths. Utilizing the wide. bandwidth of ALMA, we simultaneously obtained HCN(4-3), HCO+(4-3), CS(7-6), and partially CO(3-2) line maps, as well as the 860 mu m continuum. The region consists of the central similar to 1 '' component and the surrounding starburst ring with a radius of similar to 1.'' 5-2.'' 5. Several structures connect these components. Except for CO(3-2), these dense gas tracers are significantly concentrated toward the central similar to 1 '', suggesting their suitability to probe the nuclear regions of galaxies. Their spatial distribution resembles well those of centimeter and mid-infrared continuum emissions, but it is anticorrelated with the optical one, indicating the existence of dust-obscured star formation. The integrated intensity ratios of HCN(4-3)/HCO+(4-3) and HCN(4-3)/CS(7-6) are higher at the active galactic nucleus (AGN) position than at the starburst ring, which is consistent with our previous findings (submillimeter-HCN enhancement). However, the HCN(4-3)/HCO+(4-3) ratio at the AGN position of NGC 7469 (1.11 +/- 0.06) is almost half of the corresponding value of the low-luminosity type. 1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 1097 (2.0 +/- 0.2), despite the more than two orders of magnitude higher X-ray luminosity of NGC 7469. But the ratio is comparable to that of the close vicinity of the AGN of NGC 1068 (similar to 1.5). Based on these results, we speculate that some heating mechanisms other than X-ray (e.g., mechanical heating due to an AGN jet) can contribute significantly for shaping the chemical composition in NGC 1097.
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| 15. |
- Kanemaru, K, et al.
(author)
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Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate is critical for determination of epithelial characteristics
- 2022
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 2347-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epithelial cells provide cell-cell adhesion that is essential to maintain the integrity of multicellular organisms. Epithelial cell-characterizing proteins, such as epithelial junctional proteins and transcription factors are well defined. However, the role of lipids in epithelial characterization remains poorly understood. Here we show that the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is enriched in the plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells lose their characteristics upon depletion of PM PI(4,5)P2, and synthesis of PI(4,5)P2 in the PM results in the development of epithelial-like morphology in osteosarcoma cells. PM localization of PARD3 is impaired by depletion of PM PI(4,5)P2 in epithelial cells, whereas expression of the PM-targeting exocyst-docking region of PARD3 induces osteosarcoma cells to show epithelial-like morphological changes, suggesting that PI(4,5)P2 regulates epithelial characteristics by recruiting PARD3 to the PM. These results indicate that a high level of PM PI(4,5)P2 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of epithelial characteristics.
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| 16. |
- Martin, S., et al.
(author)
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ALCHEMI, an ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory: Survey presentation and first results from the ACA array
- 2021
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 656
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. The interstellar medium is the locus of physical processes affecting the evolution of galaxies which drive or are the result of star formation activity, supermassive black hole growth, and feedback. The resulting physical conditions determine the observable chemical abundances that can be explored through molecular emission observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Aims. Our goal is to unveiling the molecular richness of the central region of the prototypical nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 at an unprecedented combination of sensitivity, spatial resolution, and frequency coverage. Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), covering a nearly contiguous 289 GHz frequency range between 84.2 and 373.2 GHz, to image the continuum and spectral line emission at 1.6″(∼28 pc) resolution down to a sensitivity of 30 - 50 mK. This article describes the ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory (ALCHEMI) large program. We focus on the analysis of the spectra extracted from the 15″ (∼255 pc) resolution ALMA Compact Array data. Results. We modeled the molecular emission assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium with 78 species being detected. Additionally, multiple hydrogen and helium recombination lines are identified. Spectral lines contribute 5 to 36% of the total emission in frequency bins of 50 GHz. We report the first extragalactic detections of C2H5OH, HOCN, HC3HO, and several rare isotopologues. Isotopic ratios of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and silicon were measured with multiple species. Concluison. Infrared pumped vibrationaly excited HCN, HNC, and HC3N emission, originating in massive star formation locations, is clearly detected at low resolution, while we do not detect it for HCO+. We suggest high temperature conditions in these regions driving a seemingly "carbon-rich"chemistry which may also explain the observed high abundance of organic species close to those in Galactic hot cores. The Lvib/LIR ratio was used as a proxy to estimate a 3% contribution from the proto super star cluster to the global infrared emission. Measured isotopic ratios with high dipole moment species agree with those within the central kiloparsec of the Galaxy, while those derived from 13C/18O are a factor of five larger, confirming the existence of multiple interstellar medium components within NGC 253 with different degrees of nucleosynthesis enrichment. The ALCHEMI data set provides a unique template for studies of star-forming galaxies in the early Universe.
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| 17. |
- Mazur, Mikael, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Real-Time MIMO Transmission over Field-Deployed Coupled-Core Multi-Core Fibers
- 2022
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In: 2022 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, OFC 2022 - Proceedings. - 9781943580071
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We perform parallel continuous measurements of deployed SDM fibers using real-time coherent receivers implemented on FPGAs. Fast readouts enabling real-time tracking of the DSP implementation, showing that coupled-core fibers are compatible with real-time DSP implementations.
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| 18. |
- Chen, Y. H., et al.
(author)
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Genomic atlas of the plasma metabolome prioritizes metabolites implicated in human diseases
- 2023
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55, s. 44-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metabolic processes can influence disease risk and provide therapeutic targets. By conducting genome-wide association studies of 1,091 blood metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios, we identified associations with 690 metabolites at 248 loci and associations with 143 metabolite ratios at 69 loci. Integrating metabolite-gene and gene expression information identified 94 effector genes for 109 metabolites and 48 metabolite ratios. Using Mendelian randomization (MR), we identified 22 metabolites and 20 metabolite ratios having estimated causal effect on 12 traits and diseases, including orotate for estimated bone mineral density, alpha-hydroxyisovalerate for body mass index and ergothioneine for inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. We further measured the orotate level in a separate cohort and demonstrated that, consistent with MR, orotate levels were positively associated with incident hip fractures. This study provides a valuable resource describing the genetic architecture of metabolites and delivers insights into their roles in common diseases, thereby offering opportunities for therapeutic targets.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Arzoumanian, Doris, et al.
(author)
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Dust polarized emission observations of NGC 6334: BISTRO reveals the details of the complex but organized magnetic field structure of the high-mass star-forming hub-filament network
- 2021
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 647
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Molecular filaments and hubs have received special attention recently thanks to new studies showing their key role in star formation. While the (column) density and velocity structures of both filaments and hubs have been carefully studied, their magnetic field (B-field) properties have yet to be characterized. Consequently, the role of B-fields in the formation and evolution of hub-filament systems is not well constrained. Aims. We aim to understand the role of the B-field and its interplay with turbulence and gravity in the dynamical evolution of the NGC 6334 filament network that harbours cluster-forming hubs and high-mass star formation. Methods. We present new observations of the dust polarized emission at 850 μm toward the 2 pc × 10 pc map of NGC 6334 at a spatial resolution of 0.09 pc obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-field In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. We study the distribution and dispersion of the polarized intensity (PI), the polarization fraction (PF), and the plane-of-The-sky B-field angle (χB_POS) toward the whole region, along the 10 pc-long ridge and along the sub-filaments connected to the ridge and the hubs. We derived the power spectra of the intensity and χBPOS along the ridge crest and compared them with the results obtained from simulated filaments. Results. The observations span 3 orders of magnitude in Stokes I and PI and 2 orders of magnitude in PF (from 0.2 to 20%). A large scatter in PI and PF is observed for a given value of I. Our analyses show a complex B-field structure when observed over the whole region ( 10 pc); however, at smaller scales (1 pc), χBPOS varies coherently along the crests of the filament network. The observed power spectrum of χBPOS can be well represented with a power law function with a slope of-1.33 ± 0.23, which is 20% shallower than that of I. We find that this result is compatible with the properties of simulated filaments and may indicate the physical processes at play in the formation and evolution of star-forming filaments. Along the sub-filaments, χBPOS rotates frombeing mostly perpendicular or randomly oriented with respect to the crests to mostly parallel as the sub-filaments merge with the ridge and hubs. This variation of the B-field structure along the sub-filaments may be tracing local velocity flows of infalling matter in the ridge and hubs. Our analysis also suggests a variation in the energy balance along the crests of these sub-filaments, from magnetically critical or supercritical at their far ends to magnetically subcritical near the ridge and hubs. We also detect an increase in PF toward the high-column density (NH2 â 1023 cm-2) star cluster-forming hubs. These latter large PF values may be explained by the increase in grain alignment efficiency due to stellar radiation from the newborn stars, combined with an ordered B-field structure. Conclusions. These observational results reveal for the first time the characteristics of the small-scale (down to 0.1 pc) B-field structure of a 10 pc-long hub-filament system. Our analyses show variations in the polarization properties along the sub-filaments that may be tracing the evolution of their physical properties during their interaction with the ridge and hubs. We also detect an impact of feedback from young high-mass stars on the local B-field structure and the polarization properties, which could put constraints on possible models for dust grain alignment and provide important hints as to the interplay between the star formation activity and interstellar B-fields.
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| 23. |
- Eswaraiah, Chakali, et al.
(author)
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The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry
- 2021
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 912:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have obtained sensitive dust continuum polarization observations at 850 μm in the B213 region of Taurus using POL-2 on SCUBA-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. These observations allow us to probe magnetic field (B-field) at high spatial resolution (∼2000 au or ∼0.01 pc at 140 pc) in two protostellar cores (K04166 and K04169) and one prestellar core (Miz-8b) that lie within the B213 filament. Using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, we estimate the B-field strengths in K04166, K04169, and Miz-8b to be 38 ± 14, 44 ± 16, and 12 ± 5 μG, respectively. These cores show distinct mean B-field orientations. The B-field in K04166 is well ordered and aligned parallel to the orientations of the core minor axis, outflows, core rotation axis, and large-scale uniform B-field, in accordance with magnetically regulated star formation via ambipolar diffusion taking place in K04166. The B-field in K04169 is found to be ordered but oriented nearly perpendicular to the core minor axis and large-scale B-field and not well correlated with other axes. In contrast, Miz-8b exhibits a disordered B-field that shows no preferred alignment with the core minor axis or large-scale field. We found that only one core, K04166, retains a memory of the large-scale uniform B-field. The other two cores, K04169 and Miz-8b, are decoupled from the large-scale field. Such a complex B-field configuration could be caused by gas inflow onto the filament, even in the presence of a substantial magnetic flux.
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| 24. |
- Fujita, Y, et al.
(author)
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Evidence for the existence of the [202]3/2 deformed band in mirror nuclei Mg-25 and Al-25
- 2004
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 92:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- After 50 years of its prediction, the highest-lying [2 0 2]3/2 orbit among the six Nilsson single-particle orbits originating from the sd shells in prolately deformed nuclei and the rotational band on this orbit were identified. The band members were observed in Al-25 at excitation energies of 6-7.5 MeV in a high-resolution Mg-25(He-3,t) charge-exchange reaction at 0degrees having a strong selectivity for Gamow-Teller transitions. In the comparison with the analogous M1 transitions in Mg-25, the J(pi)=3/2(+) bandhead state and the excited 5/2(+) and 7/2(+) members were clearly assigned.
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| 25. |
- Fujita, Y., et al.
(author)
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Identification of the [202]3/2 deformed band in mirror nuclei Mg-25 and Al-25 and implications for unstable nuclei
- 2006
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In: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949. ; T125, s. 194-195
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fifty years after its prediction, the highest-lying [ 2 0 2] 3) 2 orbit among the six Nilsson single-particle orbits originating from the sd shell in prolately deformed nuclei and the rotational band on this orbit were identified. The band members were observed in Al-25 at excitation energies of 6-7.5MeV in a high-resolution Mg-25(He-3,t) charge-exchange reaction at 0 degrees having a strong selectivity for Gamow-Teller transitions. In comparison with the analogous M1 transitions in Mg-25, the J(pi) = 3/+ band-head state and the excited 5/+ and 7/2+ members were clearly assigned.
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| 26. |
- Izumi, T., et al.
(author)
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On the Disappearance of a Cold Molecular Torus around the Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus of NGC 1097
- 2017
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 845:1, s. L5-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array to map the CO(3-2) and the underlying continuum emissions around the type-1low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN; bolometric luminosity less than or similar to 10(42) erg. s(-1)) of NGC 1097 at similar to 10 pc resolution. These observations revealed a detailed cold gas distribution within a similar to 100 pc of this LLAGN. In contrast to the luminous Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, where a similar to 7 pc cold molecular torus was recently revealed, a distinctively dense and compact torus is missing in our CO(3-2) integrated intensity map of NGC 1097. Based on the CO(3-2) flux, the gas mass of the torus of NGC 1097 would be a factor of greater than or similar to 2-3 less than that found for NGC 1068 by using the same CO-to-H-2 conversion factor, which implies less active nuclear star formation and/or inflows in NGC 1097. Our dynamical modeling of the CO(3-2) velocity field implies that the cold molecular gas is concentrated in a thin layer as compared to the hot gas traced by the 2.12 mu m H-2 emission in and around the torus. Furthermore, we suggest that NGC 1097 hosts a geometrically thinner torus than NGC 1068. Although the physical origin of the torus thickness remains unclear, our observations support a theoretical prediction that geometrically thick tori with high opacity will become deficient as AGNs evolve from luminous Seyferts to LLAGNs.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Katayama, S, et al.
(author)
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Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome
- 2005
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In: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 309:5740, s. 1564-1566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antisense transcription (transcription from the opposite strand to a protein-coding or sense strand) has been ascribed roles in gene regulation involving degradation of the corresponding sense transcripts (RNA interference), as well as gene silencing at the chromatin level. Global transcriptome analysis provides evidence that a large proportion of the genome can produce transcripts from both strands, and that antisense transcripts commonly link neighboring “genes” in complex loci into chains of linked transcriptional units. Expression profiling reveals frequent concordant regulation of sense/antisense pairs. We present experimental evidence that perturbation of an antisense RNA can alter the expression of sense messenger RNAs, suggesting that antisense transcription contributes to control of transcriptional outputs in mammals.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Nakamae, T., et al.
(author)
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Percutaneous Intervertebral-Vacuum Polymethylmethacrylate Injection for Foraminal Stenosis with Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis
- 2022
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In: World Neurosurgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-8750. ; 165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Percutaneous intervertebral-vacuum polymethylmethacrylate injection (PIPI) is a minimally invasive procedure for low back pain in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS). Patients with DLS often have radiculopathy as a result of foraminal stenosis in addition to low back pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of PIPI for foraminal stenosis with radiculopathy in elderly patients with DLS. Methods: We included patients with de novo DLS aged 65 years or older who underwent PIPI. The presence of an intervertebral vacuum on computed tomography and bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging was required for inclusion. The intersegmental radiologic parameters on plain radiographs and computed tomography and the extent of bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging were measured. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results: We enrolled 40 patients with DLS who underwent PIPI. There were 16 men and 24 women, and the mean age was 79.0 ± 6.3 years. The mean foraminal height and extent of bone marrow edema showed a significant increase and reduction, respectively, after PIPI (P < 0.05). VAS score for radiculopathy and ODI significantly improved after PIPI (P < 0.01). The minimum clinically important differences in VAS score for radiculopathy and ODI at the final follow-up were 73.9% and 63.6%, respectively. Conclusions: PIPI is a minimally invasive procedure not only for low back pain but also for radiculopathy in elderly patients with DLS. It leads to intervertebral stabilization and indirect decompression of the foramen. © 2022
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Nishikawa, H., et al.
(author)
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The role of cathepsin B and cystatin C in the mechanisms of invasion by ovarian cancer
- 2004
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In: Gynecol Oncol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258. ; 92:3, s. 881-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of cathepsin B and cystatin C to the mechanisms of invasion by ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using surgical materials from patients with ovarian cancer, immunohistochemistry, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting analysis were performed using antibodies against cathepsin B or cystatin C. Serum levels of cathepsin B and cystatin C in patients with benign and malignant ovarian lesions were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An invasion assay using an ovarian cancer cell line was performed by addition of cystatin C or specific inhibitors of cathepsin B. RESULTS: While immunohistochemical staining of cathepsin B and cystatin C was evident in cancer cells and associated stromal tissue, this was not the case in benign tumors. The malignancies were also found to be positive for cathepsin B and cystatin C by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. No significant difference in serum cathepsin B levels was observed between patients with benign and malignant disease. However, the concentration of cystatin C in cases with ovarian cancer was significantly higher in benign cases (P<0.0001) and in healthy controls (P<0.0001). Invasion by cancer cells was dose-dependently suppressed by cystatin C and cathepsin B inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The results provided convincing evidence that cathepsin B and cystatin C may contribute to the mechanisms of invasion of ovarian cancer.
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| 35. |
- Shimbara, Y, et al.
(author)
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Suppression of Gamow-Teller and M1 transitions in deformed mirror nuclei Mg-25 and Al-25 - Direct observation of K selection rules
- 2004
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In: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 19:1, s. 25-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mirror nuclei Mg-25 and Al-25 are expected to have very similar structures. The Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions from the J(pi) = 5/2(+) ground state of Mg-25 to the excited states in Al-25 were studied by high-resolution measurements of the Mg-25(He-3,t) charge-exchange reaction at 0degrees and at 140 MeV/nucleon. Assuming the usual DeltaJ(pi) = 1(+) selection rule for the spin-isospin-type GT transitions, the states with J(pi) = 3/2(+), 5/2(+), and 7/2 (+) should be excited. However, of the more than ten states with these J(pi) values below 6 MeV excitation energy, only the 5/2 (+) ground state and the 7/2 (+) , 1.613 MeV state in Al-25 were strongly populated, while all other states were strongly suppressed. The analysis of M1 transitions in Mg-25 also suggested a very similar feature for the analogous M1 transitions. Both Mg-25 and Al-25 are known to be largely deformed, and most low-lying states can be interpreted in terms of one-particle quantum numbers in the deformed potential and the associated rotational spectra. The observed suppression can be explained in terms of the K quantum number selection rules that are inherent to axially deformed nuclei.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Torounidis, Thomas, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Gain and bandwidth characterization in fiber optical parametric amplifiers
- 2006
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In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 18:24, s. 2578-2580
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) is characterized using a optical time-domain reflectometer-based technique. The measurement technique visualizes how the parametric gain and bandwidth evolves as a function of length. Both gain and bandwidth are measured and compared to theory and a good agreement is found between them, making this technique useful for characterization of FOPAs. The impact of zero dispersion wavelength variations in the fiber and polarization dependence of the measurement technique are also discussed.
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| 39. |
- Aoyama, K., et al.
(author)
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Cleavage of integrin by mu-calpain during hypoxia in human endometrial cells
- 2004
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In: Am J Reprod Immunol. - 1046-7408. ; 52:6, s. 362-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PROBLEM: The distribution and activation of mu-calpain and possible cleavage of integrin in human endometrial cells under hypoxic condition were investigated. METHOD OF STUDY: Human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells were subjected to hypoxia, and subsequently used for immunostaining and western blot analysis. RESULTS: The proform of mu-calpain was detected in the cytoplasm of normal cells, and displayed a substantial decrease after hypoxia. Conversely, the active form of mu-calpain was not detected in normal cells, but was abundant after hypoxia. The cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta3 was also detected in the cytoplasm of endometrial cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that both the proform of mu-calpain and the integrin beta3 cytoplasmic domain decreased during hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS: Mu-calpain is activated in human endometrial cells during hypoxia and that subsequent cleavage of the integrin beta3 cytoplasmic domain may give some adverse effects to the function of human endometrium.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Doi, Yasuo, et al.
(author)
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The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Magnetic Fields Associated with a Network of Filaments in NGC 1333
- 2020
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 899:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present new observations of the active star formation region NGC 1333 in the Perseus molecular cloud complex from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope B-Fields In Star-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey with the POL-2 instrument. The BISTRO data cover the entire NGC 1333 complex (∼1.5 pc ? 2 pc) at 0.02 pc resolution and spatially resolve the polarized emission from individual filamentary structures for the first time. The inferred magnetic field structure is complex as a whole, with each individual filament aligned at different position angles relative to the local field orientation. We combine the BISTRO data with low- and high- resolution data derived from Planck and interferometers to study the multiscale magnetic field structure in this region. The magnetic field morphology drastically changes below a scale of ∼1 pc and remains continuous from the scales of filaments (∼0.1 pc) to that of protostellar envelopes (∼0.005 pc or ∼1000 au). Finally, we construct simple models in which we assume that the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the long axis of the filaments. We demonstrate that the observed variation of the relative orientation between the filament axes and the magnetic field angles are well reproduced by this model, taking into account the projection effects of the magnetic field and filaments relative to the plane of the sky. These projection effects may explain the apparent complexity of the magnetic field structure observed at the resolution of BISTRO data toward the filament network.
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| 42. |
- Harada, N., et al.
(author)
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The ALCHEMI Atlas: Principal Component Analysis Reveals Starburst Evolution in NGC 253
- 2024
-
In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series. - 1538-4365 .- 0067-0049. ; 271:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Molecular lines are powerful diagnostics of the physical and chemical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM). These ISM properties, which affect future star formation, are expected to differ in starburst galaxies from those of more quiescent galaxies. We investigate the ISM properties in the central molecular zone of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the ultrawide millimeter spectral scan survey from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Large Program ALCHEMI. We present an atlas of velocity-integrated images at a 1.″6 resolution of 148 unblended transitions from 44 species, including the first extragalactic detection of HCNH+ and the first interferometric images of C3H+, NO, and HCS+. We conduct a principal component analysis (PCA) on these images to extract correlated chemical species and to identify key groups of diagnostic transitions. To the best of our knowledge, our data set is currently the largest astronomical set of molecular lines to which PCA has been applied. The PCA can categorize transitions coming from different physical components in NGC 253 such as (i) young starburst tracers characterized by high-excitation transitions of HC3N and complex organic molecules versus tracers of on-going star formation (radio recombination lines) and high-excitation transitions of CCH and CN tracing photodissociation regions, (ii) tracers of cloud-collision-induced shocks (low-excitation transitions of CH3OH, HNCO, HOCO+, and OCS) versus shocks from star formation-induced outflows (high-excitation transitions of SiO), as well as (iii) outflows showing emission from HOC+, CCH, H3O+, CO isotopologues, HCN, HCO+, CS, and CN. Our findings show these intensities vary with galactic dynamics, star formation activities, and stellar feedback.
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| 43. |
- Huffman, J, et al.
(author)
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Alternative splicing of OAS1 alters the risk for severe COVID-19
- 2021
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In: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A locus containing OAS1/2/3 has been identified as a risk locus for severe COVID-19 among Europeans ancestry individuals, with a protective haplotype of ∼75 kilobases derived from Neanderthals. Here, we show that among several potentially causal variants at this locus, a splice variant of OAS1 occurs in people of African ancestry independently of the Neanderthal haplotype and confers protection against COVID-19 of a magnitude similar to that seen in individuals without African ancestry.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Huffman, JE, et al.
(author)
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Multi-ancestry fine mapping implicates OAS1 splicing in risk of severe COVID-19
- 2022
-
In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 54:2, s. 125-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The OAS1/2/3 cluster has been identified as a risk locus for severe COVID-19 among individuals of European ancestry, with a protective haplotype of approximately 75 kilobases (kb) derived from Neanderthals in the chromosomal region 12q24.13. This haplotype contains a splice variant of OAS1, which occurs in people of African ancestry independently of gene flow from Neanderthals. Using trans-ancestry fine-mapping approaches in 20,779 hospitalized cases, we demonstrate that this splice variant is likely to be the SNP responsible for the association at this locus, thus strongly implicating OAS1 as an effector gene influencing COVID-19 severity.
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| 46. |
- Izumi, T., et al.
(author)
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SUBMILLIMETER-HCN DIAGRAM FOR ENERGY DIAGNOSTICS IN THE CENTERS OF GALAXIES
- 2016
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 818:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compiling data from literature and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array archive, we show enhanced HCN(4-3)/HCO+(4-3) and/or HCN(4-3)/CS(7-6) integrated intensity ratios in circumnuclear molecular gas around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) compared to those in starburst (SB) galaxies (submillimeter HCN. enhancement). The number of sample galaxies is significantly increased from our previous work. We expect that this feature could potentially be an extinction-free energy diagnostic tool of nuclear regions of galaxies. Non-LTE radiative transfer modelings of the above molecular emission lines involving both collisional and radiative excitation, as well as a photon trapping effect, were conducted to investigate the cause of the high line ratios in AGNs. As a result, we found that enhanced abundance ratios of HCN to HCO+ and HCN to CS in AGNs as compared to SB galaxies by a factor of a few to even greater than or similar to 10 are a plausible explanation for the submillimeter HCN. enhancement. However, a counterargument of a systematically higher gas density in AGNs than in SB galaxies can also be a plausible scenario. Although we cannot fully distinguish. these two scenarios at this moment owing to an insufficient amount of multi-transition, multi-species data, the former scenario is indicative of abnormal chemical composition in AGNs. Regarding the actual mechanism to realize the composition, we suggest that it is difficult with conventional gas-phase X-ray-dominated region ionization models to reproduce the observed high line ratios. We might have to take into account other mechanisms such as neutral-neutral reactions that are efficiently activated in high-temperature environments and/or mechanically heated regions to further understand the high line ratios in AGNs.
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| 47. |
- Nakanishi, T, et al.
(author)
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Age-dependent impact of the major common genetic risk factor for COVID-19 on severity and mortality
- 2021
-
In: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BackgroundThere is considerable variability in COVID-19 outcomes amongst younger adults—and some of this variation may be due to genetic predisposition. We characterized the clinical implications of the major genetic risk factor for COVID-19 severity, and its age-dependent effect, using individual-level data in a large international multi-centre consortium.MethodThe major common COVID-19 genetic risk factor is a chromosome 3 locus, tagged by the marker rs10490770. We combined individual level data for 13,424 COVID-19 positive patients (N=6,689 hospitalized) from 17 cohorts in nine countries to assess the association of this genetic marker with mortality, COVID-19-related complications and laboratory values. We next examined if the magnitude of these associations varied by age and were independent from known clinical COVID-19 risk factors.FindingsWe found that rs10490770 risk allele carriers experienced an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1·4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·2–1·6) and COVID-19 related mortality (HR 1·5, 95%CI 1·3–1·8). Risk allele carriers had increased odds of several COVID-19 complications: severe respiratory failure (odds ratio [OR] 2·0, 95%CI 1·6-2·6), venous thromboembolism (OR 1·7, 95%CI 1·2-2·4), and hepatic injury (OR 1·6, 95%CI 1·2-2·0). Risk allele carriers ≤ 60 years had higher odds of death or severe respiratory failure (OR 2·6, 95%CI 1·8-3·9) compared to those > 60 years OR 1·5 (95%CI 1·3-1·9, interaction p-value=0·04). Amongst individuals ≤ 60 years who died or experienced severe respiratory COVID-19 outcome, we found that 31·8% (95%CI 27·6-36·2) were risk variant carriers, compared to 13·9% (95%CI 12·6-15·2%) of those not experiencing these outcomes. Prediction of death or severe respiratory failure among those ≤ 60 years improved when including the risk allele (AUC 0·82 vs 0·84, p=0·016) and the prediction ability of rs10490770 risk allele was similar to, or better than, most established clinical risk factors.InterpretationThe major common COVID-19 risk locus on chromosome 3 is associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality—and these are more pronounced amongst individuals ≤ 60 years. The effect on COVID-19 severity was similar to, or larger than most established risk factors, suggesting potential implications for clinical risk management.FundingFunding was obtained by each of the participating cohorts individually.
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| 48. |
- Nakanishi, T., et al.
(author)
-
Role of cathepsins and cystatins in patients with recurrent miscarriage
- 2005
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In: Mol Hum Reprod. - 1360-9947. ; 11:5, s. 351-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the implantation, trophoblasts penetrate maternal decidua by secreting proteases. It has been reported that cathepsins are highly expressed in the mouse villi, and play an important role in normal embryonal growth and decidualization. In this study, we evaluated cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors, cystatins, in tissue and serum of patients with recurrent miscarriage. Decidua and villi were surgically collected from 22 patients and 12 healthy women. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against cathepsins, stefin A (cystatin A), stefin B (cystatin B) and cystatin C. The concentrations of cathepsins, stefins and cystatin C were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, we measured the serum level of cystatin C in 85 Japanese women with recurrent miscarriage. Staining of cathepsin B, D, H, L, stefin B and cystatin C was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in decidua. Stefin A was expressed on the surface of the trophoblast. The concentration of cathepsin B and H in patients' decidua was significantly higher than in control individuals. The serum level of cystatin C was significantly lower in patients than in control individuals. Our findings suggest that the regulation of the cathepsin-cystatin system may play an important role in patients with recurrent miscarriage.
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| 49. |
- Prusakov, Pavel, et al.
(author)
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A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units : The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study
- 2021
-
In: eClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5370. ; 32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Global assessment of antimicrobial agents prescribed to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts.Methods: We conducted a one-day global point prevalence study of all antimicrobials provided to NICU infants. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were obtained including NICU level, census, birth weight, gestational/chronologic age, diagnoses, antimicrobial therapy (reason for use; length of therapy), antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and 30-day in-hospital mortality.Findings: On July 1, 2019, 26% of infants (580/2,265; range, 0-100%; median gestational age, 33 weeks; median birth weight, 1800 g) in 84 NICUs (51, high-income; 33, low-to-middle income) from 29 countries (14, high-income; 15, low-to-middle income) in five continents received >= 1 antimicrobial agent (92%, antibacterial; 19%, antifungal; 4%, antiviral). The most common reasons for antibiotic therapy were "rule-out" sepsis (32%) and "culture-negative" sepsis (16%) with ampicillin (40%), gentamicin (35%), amikacin (19%), vancomycin (15%), and meropenem (9%) used most frequently. For definitive treatment of presumed/confirmed infection, vancomycin (26%), amikacin (20%), and meropenem (16%) were the most prescribed agents. Length of therapy for culture-positive and "culture-negative" infections was 12 days (median; IQR, 8-14) and 7 days (median; IQR, 5-10), respectively. Mortality was 6% (42%, infection-related). An NICU ASP was associated with lower rate of antibiotic utilization (p = 0.02).Interpretation: Global NICU antibiotic use was frequent and prolonged regardless of culture results. NICU-specific ASPs were associated with lower antibiotic utilization rates, suggesting the need for their implementation worldwide.
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| 50. |
- Sindelar, Richard, Docent, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Respiratory Management for Extremely Premature Infants born at 22 to 23 weeks of Gestation in Proactive Centers in Sweden, Japan, and USA
- 2022
-
In: Seminars in Perinatology. - : Elsevier. - 0146-0005 .- 1558-075X. ; 46:1, s. 151540-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Survival of preterm newborn infants have increased steadily since the introduction of surfactanttreatment and antenatal steroids. In the absence of randomized controlled trials onventilatory strategies in extremely preterm infants, we present ventilatory strategiesapplied during the initial phase and the continued ventilatory care as applied in three centerswith proactive prenatal and postnatal management and well documented good outcomesin terms of mortality and morbidity in this cohort of infants.
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