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- Naqavi, Fatemeh, 1991-, et al.
(author)
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Green Vehicles’ Responses to an Expiring Congestion Toll Exemption : Findings from a Natural Experiment in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2023
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In: Findings. - : Network Design Lab - Transport Findings. - 2652-8800.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Stockholm established time-varying congestion pricing in 2007, and adopted a toll exemption as a temporary incentive for green vehicles (GVs) that ended in 2012. We examine the behavioral effects of phasing out the exemption by studying the change in cordon crossing events for GV morning commuters between May 2012 and May 2013, with a random sample of conventional vehicles (CVs) as control. The results suggest i) a significant drop in the total number of crossings; ii) a slight shift towards later journeys in the morning; and iii) a reduction in the ratio of peak-toll period crossings to other ones.
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- Naqavi, Fatemeh, 1991-
(author)
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Transport, Mobility, and Workplace Location : Models and Applications
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Travel demand analysis is one of the core constituents of transportation studies. Therequired insight to maintain and develop a sustainable transportation system, in additionto learning from previous research globally and locally, is generated from studyingthe effects of previous policies, investigating future possibilities and potential outcomes,and describing the current situation. The objective of the thesis is to use urbanmodeling and decision support methods to contribute to the knowledge that improvesdecision making for a sustainable society.In this thesis, three of the papers focus on implementation and application of adynamic model of movement for prediction and forecast of workplace demand andaccessibility, and for a trip chaining problem. This framework formulates movementthrough a Markov chain and solves it by using the Bellman equation which by theassumption of IID Gumbel error terms turns into a recursive logit, which reflects dynamicand directional nature of time in modeling movement. This approach is usedfor modeling a workplace choice model and accessibility to work (Paper 1), that isapplied for workplace allocation in a scenario planning framework for urban developmentgrowth with a 2040 forecasted synthetic population (Paper 3), and a dynamictrip chaining model with flexible number of trips in the chain (Paper 4). The workplacelocation choice model is unique as it connects the land use and transport modelsin a framework that is consistent with random utility maximization approach whilerespecting forward-looking behavior of individuals and the dynamic and directionalnature of time. This approach allows for evaluations of counterfactual scenarios inPaper 1 and in future workplace growth in Paper 3 for understanding the implicationsof workplace allocations under different urban planning scenarios in terms of travelbehavior, with implied social segregation issues, workplace demand and distributionof welfare. When applied in a trip chaining context (Paper 4), the methodology allowsfor flexibility in number of trips in the chain, with the implication of creating the linkbetween trip chaining problem and the marginal utility of time and the marginal rateof substituition not only for different trip purposes, e.g. work and leisure, but also forany other variables in the model, even in the absence of scheduling, which is novel inthe literature of trip chaining and time valuation.A fundamental aspect of the methodology that is used in this thesis revolves aroundthe utilization of Multivariate Extreme Value (MEV) models. We explore the intricaciesof these models in detail in Paper 2, and take one step against the conventionby using a replicated nest in a multinomial setting. We discuss the empirical implicationof retrieving exchangeability, when it is compromised. This approach gives areminder to respect the complexity of error term in MEV models, while benefitingfrom the generality of its definition.Travel time and costs are among the factors that impact transportation and land useinteractions. In Paper 5, we address this interaction by exploiting a natural experimentto investigate green vehicle owners’ responses to phasing out of their time-varyingtoll exemption in Stockholm through comparison of data in 2012 and 2013, whichwere before and after this policy was implemented. The results show a significantdrop in the total number of green vehicles that crossed the toll stations in 2013, anda significant shift to off-peak crossing time in the toll stations in 2013 compared to2012.
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- Palmberg, Robin, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Built Environment Characteristics, Daily Travel, and Biometric Readings : Creation of an Experimental Tool Based on a Smartwatch Platform
- 2021
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In: Sustainability. - Basel, Schweiz : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Travel surveys can uncover information regarding travel behaviour, needs, and more. Collected information is utilised to make choices when reorganising or planning built environments. Over the years, methods for conducting travel surveys have changed from interviews and forms to automated travel diaries in order to monitor trips made by travellers. With the fast progression of technological advancements, new possibilities for operationalising such travel diaries can be implemented, changing from utilising mobile to wearable devices. Wearable devices are often equipped with sensors which collect continuous biometric data from sources that are not reachable from standard mobile devices. Data collected through wearable devices range from heart rate and blood pressure to temperature and perspiration. This advancement opens new possible layers of information in the collection of travel data. Such biometric data can be used to derive psychophysiological conditions related to cognitive load, which can uncover in-depth knowledge regarding stress and emotions. This paper aims to explore the possibilities of data analysis on the data collected through a software combining travel survey data, such as position and time, with heartrate, to gain knowledge of the implications of such data. The knowledge about the implications of spatial configurations can be used to create more accessible environments.
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| 8. |
- Palmberg, Robin C. O., 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Built Environment Characteristics, Daily Travel, and Biometric Readings: Creation of an Experimental Tool based on a Smartwatch Platform
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The utilisation of travel surveys can uncover layers of information regarding travel behaviour, travel needs, and more. The collected information is utilised to make strategic planning choices when reorganising or planning new built environments. Over the years, the methods for conducting travel surveys have changed from manual interviews and paper forms to automated travel diaries which are monitoring the trips made by the survey participants. With the fast progression of technological advancements, new possibilities for operationalising said types of automated travel diaries can be changed from utilising mobile devices to wearable devices. Wearable devices are often equipped with sensors which can collect continuous biometric data from sources which are not reachable from standard mobile devices such as smartphones. The biometric data that can be collected through wearable devices ranging from heart rate and blood pressure to temperature and perspiration, given the proper sensors. This advancement opens for new possible layers of information in the collection of travel data. Such biometric data can be used to derive psychophysiological conditions related to cognitive load, which can uncover more in-depth knowledge regarding stress and emotions, given the right variables and sample rate. This paper aims to explore the possibilities in terms of data analysis on a data set collected through a software combining traditional travel survey data, such as position and time, with biometric data, in this case; heartrate, to gain knowledge of the implications of such collected data. The knowledge about the implications of spatial configurations can be used in the planning phase of new areas, in order to create more accessible environments, as the information could be used to make neutral, or even encouraging, environments for travellers.
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- Palmberg, Robin, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Towards a better understanding of the health impacts of one’s movement in space and time
- 2022
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In: Journal of Literature and Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1754-646X. ; , s. 1-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To better understand the interactions between physical built environment conditions and one’s well-being, we created a passive data collector for travellers and made the first step towards an explanatory model based on psychophysiological relations. By measuring biometric information from select trial participants we showed how different controlled factors are affecting the heart rate of the participants. A regression model with the impact factors such as speed, location, time and activity (accelerometer data) reveals how the factors relate to each other and how they correlate with the recorded individual’s heart rates throughout the observed period. For examples, the results show that the increase in movement speed is not linearly correlated with the heart rate. One’s heart rate would increase significantly when the individual reaches brisk walking and running speed, but not before nor after. Early morning and early evening time slots were the time where the observed individuals have the highest heart rates, which may correlate to individuals’ commute activities. Heart rates at the office would be lower than at home, which might correlate to more physical activities in the household.
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