| 1. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bafekry, A., et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical prediction of two-dimensional BC2X (X = N, P, As) monolayers: ab initio investigations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, novel two-dimensional BC2X (X = N, P, As) monolayers with X atoms out of the B-C plane, are predicted by means of the density functional theory. The structural, electronic, optical, photocatalytic and thermoelectric properties of the BC2X monolayers have been investigated. Stability evaluation of the BC2X single-layers is carried out by phonon dispersion, ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation, elastic stability, and cohesive energies study. The mechanical properties reveal all monolayers considered are stable and have brittle nature. The band structure calculations using the HSE06 functional reveal that the BC2N, BC2P and BC2As are semiconducting monolayers with indirect bandgaps of 2.68 eV, 1.77 eV and 1.21 eV, respectively. The absorption spectra demonstrate large absorption coefficients of the BC2X monolayers in the ultraviolet range of electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, we disclose the BC2N and BC2P monolayers are potentially good candidates for photocatalytic water splitting. The electrical conductivity of BC2X is very small and slightly increases by raising the temperature. Electron doping may yield greater electric productivity of the studied monolayers than hole doping, as indicated by the larger power factor in the n-doped region compared to the p-type region. These results suggest that BC2X (X = N, P, As) monolayers represent a new promising class of 2DMs for electronic, optical and energy conversion systems.
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| 5. |
- Bafekry, A., et al.
(författare)
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A novel two-dimensional boron-carbon-nitride (BCN) monolayer: A first-principles insight
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 130:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical, electronic, and structural properties of a theoretically predicted new boron-carbon-nitride (BCN) two-dimensional monolayer have been explored using density functional theory calculations. The phonon dispersion, molecular dynamics simulation, the cohesive energy, and the Born criteria of elastic constant calculations of the BCN monolayer confirm its stability. The phonon spectrum illustrates an out-of-plane flexure mode with quadratic dispersion in the long-wavelength limit. The BCN monolayer is a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 0.9 (1.63) eV determined via the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof) functional. The same electron and hole effective masses and mobility values indicate the high recombination rate of electrons and holes. Meanwhile, the BCN monolayer can absorb ultraviolet radiation more effectively than visible light. Due to its interesting physical properties, the novel BCN monolayer could be a rather good candidate material for electro-optical applications.& nbsp;Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Naseri-Rad, Mehran, et al.
(författare)
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DynSus : Dynamic sustainability assessment in groundwater remediation practice
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision-making processes for clean-up of contaminated sites are often highly complex and inherently uncertain. It depends not only on hydrological and biogeochemical site variability, but also on the associated health, environmental, economic, and social impacts of taking, or not taking, action. These variabilities suggest that a dynamic framework is required for promoting sustainable remediation. For this, the decision support system DynSus is presented here for integrating a predeveloped contaminant fate and transport model with a sustainability assessment tool. Implemented within a system dynamics framework, the new tool uses model simulations to provide remediation scenario analysis and handling of uncertainty in various data. DynSus was applied to a site in south Sweden, contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP). Simulation scenarios were developed to enable a comparison between alternative remediation strategies and combinations of these. Such comparisons are provided for selected sustainability indicators and remediation performance (in terms of concentration at the recipient). This leads to identifying the most critical variables to ensure that sustainable solutions are chosen. Simulation results indicated that although passive practices, e.g., monitored natural attenuation, were more sustainable at first (5–7 years after beginning remediation measures), they failed to compete with more active practices, e.g., bioremediation, over the entire life cycle of the project (from the beginning of remedial action to achieving the target concentration at the recipient). In addition, statistical tools (clustering and genetic algorithms) were used to further assess the available hydrogeochemical data. Taken together, the results reaffirmed the suitability of the simple analytical framework that was implemented in the contaminant transport model. DynSus outcomes could therefore enable site managers to evaluate different scenarios more quickly and effectively for life cycle sustainability in such a complex and multidimensional problem.
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| 8. |
- Naseri-Rad, Mehran, et al.
(författare)
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INSIDE : An efficient guide for sustainable remediation practice in addressing contaminated soil and groundwater
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modeling criteria interaction in decision-making problems is complex and often neglected. In complicated problems, like contaminated site remediation projects, independency of involved criteria is not a realistic assumption. INfluence based deciSIon guiDE (INSIDE) is a methodology that enables sustainable decision making and management in contaminated site remediation practice. Unlike most previous decision-support methods, INSIDE considers realistic interactions among all involved criteria. The method not only gives a one-time best option for choosing a remediation method for the project at hand, but also a management plan for further improvements of the system. INSIDE recognizes economic, environmental, social, and technological considerations for the most sustainable practice. Eight criteria are defined based on these aspects and they can be interrelated. This means that a criterion, e.g., remediation time, does not need to belong to any pre-defined category such as economic, environmental, social, or technical, but can interact with other criteria. This allows for a system with many degrees of freedom that is more realistic for practical problem-solving. In INSIDE, the DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) techniques are combined for assigning weights to criteria and scoring of remediation alternatives, respectively. Thus, the proposed methodology gives a managerial cone of influence versus importance for all involved criteria in the system. The method is applied to a data-scarce case study in Iran to prioritize between remediation methods for a contaminated groundwater aquifer. The results show that human health risk and environmental impacts are more influential than other evaluated criteria. The suggested methodology should be further tested on a variety of actual remediation problems for additional evaluation.
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| 9. |
- Naseri-Rad, Mehran, et al.
(författare)
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Inside-t : A groundwater contamination transport model for sustainability assessment in remediation practice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current sustainability assessment (SA) tools to help deal with contaminated groundwater sites are inherently subjective and hardly applied. One reason may be lack of proper tools for addressing contaminant spread which are basically objective. To fill this gap, there is a need for contaminant transport models that provide site managers with needed room for applying their judgments and considerations about the efficiency of each remediation method based on their experiences in similar cases. INSIDE-T uses trend analysis and inverse modeling to estimate transport parameters. It then simulates contaminant transport both with and without the inclusion of remedial actions in a transparent way. The sustainability of each remedy measure can then be quantified based on the underlying SA tool (INSIDE). INSIDE-T was applied to a site in south Sweden, contaminated with pentachlorophenol. Simulation scenarios were developed to enable comparison between various remediation strategies and combinations of these. The application indicated that natural attenuation was not a viable option within the timeframe of interest. Although pump-and-treat combined with a permeable reactive barrier was found to be just as effective as bioremediation after five years, it received a much lower sustainability score overall. INSIDE-T outcomes enable site managers to test and evaluate different scenarios, a necessity in participatory decision-making practices such as remediation projects.
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| 10. |
- Oudbashi, Omid, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Technical Studies on the Bronze Age Metal Artefacts from the Graveyard of Deh Dumen, South-Western Iran (Third Millennium BC)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archaeometry. - : Wiley. - 0003-813X .- 1475-4754. ; 58:6, s. 947-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the excavations of the graveyard at the site of Deh Dumen in south-western Iran, 15 graves from the Early/Middle Bronze Age were uncovered that contained a variety of metallic artefacts. This paper reports on the analysis of nine metal artefacts, including eight broken vessels and a decorative strip that covered the handle of a dagger. The ICP–MS results showed that the bodies of the vessels are made of tin bronze alloy with variable amounts of tin, while the internal piece of the base of one vessel is made from an arsenical copper alloy. Further, the metallic strip is a thin sheet manufactured with partially pure silver. Microanalytical and microstructural information yielded by SEM–EDS revealed elongated Cu–S inclusions and lead globules as various phases formed in bronze solid solution. This study presents some information about the transition from arsenical copper to bronze metallurgy in the third millennium bc in south-western Iran.
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