| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aglietta, M, et al.
(författare)
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The cosmic ray primary composition between 10(15) and 10(16) eV from Extensive Air Showers electromagnetic and TeV muon data
- 2004
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 20:6, s. 641-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range between 10(15) and 10(16) eV, i.e., around the "knee" of the primary spectrum, has been studied through the combined measurements of the EAS-TOP air shower array (2005 m a. s.l., 10(5) m(2) collecting area) and the MACRO underground detector (963 m.a.s.l., 3100 m w.e. of minimum rock overburden, 920 m(2) effective area) at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories. The used observables are the air shower size (N-c) measured by EAS-TOP and the muon number (N-mu) recorded by MACRO. The two detectors are separated on average by 1200 m of rock, and located at a respective zenith angle of about 30degrees. The energy threshold at the surface for muons reaching the MACRO depth is approximately 1.3 TeV. Such muons are produced in the early stages of the shower development and in a kinematic region quite different from the one relevant for the usual N-mu - N-e studies. The measurement leads to a primary composition becoming heavier at the knee of the primary spectrum, the knee itself resulting from the steepening of the spectrum of a primary light component (p, He) of Deltay = 0.7 +/- 0.4 at E-0 similar to 4 x 10(15) eV. The result confirms the ones reported from the observation of the low energy muons at the surface (typically in the GeV energy range), showing that the conclusions do not depend on the production region kinematics. Thus, the hadronic interaction model used (CORSIKA/QGSJET) provides consistent composition results from data related to secondaries produced in a rapidity region exceeding the central one. Such an evolution of the composition in the knee region supports the "standard" galactic acceleration/propagation models that imply rigidity dependent breaks of the different components.. and therefore breaks occurring at lower energies in the spectra of the light nuclei. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Aglietta, M, et al.
(författare)
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The cosmic ray proton, helium and CNO fluxes in the 100 TeV energy region from TeV muons and EAS atmospheric Cherenkov light observations of MACRO and EAS-TOP
- 2004
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 21:3, s. 223-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary cosmic ray (CR) proton, helium and CNO fluxes in the energy range 80-300 TeV are studied at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories by means of EAS-TOP (Campo Imperatore, 2005 m a.s.l.) and MACRO (deep underground, 3100 m w.e., the surface energy threshold for a muon reaching the detector being E-mu(th) approximate to 1.3 TeV). The measurement is based on: (a) the selection of primaries based on their energy/nucleon (i.e., with energy/nucleon sufficient to produce a muon with energy larger than 1.3 TeV) and the reconstruction of the shower geometry by means of the muons recorded by MACRO in the deep underground laboratories; (b) the detection of the associated atmospheric Cherenkov light (C.l.) signals by means of the C.l. detector of EAS-TOP. The C.l. density at core distance r > 100 m is directly related to the total primary energy E-0. Proton and helium ("p + He") and proton, helium and CNO ("p + He + CNO") primaries are thus selected at E-0 approximate to 80 TeV, and at E-0 similar or equal to 250 TeV, respectively. Their flux is measured: J(p+He)(80 TeV) = (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) m(-1)-s(-1) sr(-1) TeV-1, and J(p+He+CNO)(250 TeV) = (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7) m(-2)-s(-1) sr(-1) TeV-1, their relative weights being J(p+He)(J(p+He+CNO)) over bar (250 TeV) = 0.78 +/- 0.17. By using the measurements of the proton spectrum obtained from the direct experiments and hadron flux data in the atmosphere, we obtain for the relative weights of the three components at 250 TeV: J(p) : J(He) : J(CNO) = (0.20 +/- 0.08) : (0.58 +/- 0.19) : (0.22 +/- 0.17). This corresponds to the dominance of helium over proton primaries at 100-1000 TeV, and a possible non-negligible contribution from CNO. The lateral distribution of Cherenkov light in Extensive Air Showers (EASs), which is related to the rate of energy deposit of the primary in the atmosphere, is measured for a selected proton and helium primary beam, and good agreement is found when compared with the one calculated with the CORSIKA/QGSJET simulation model. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Dankiewicz, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
- 2021
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 384:24, s. 2283-2294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothermia or Normothermia after Cardiac Arrest This trial randomly assigned patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C or normothermia with treatment of fever. At 6 months, there were no significant between-group differences regarding death or functional outcomes. Background Targeted temperature management is recommended for patients after cardiac arrest, but the supporting evidence is of low certainty. Methods In an open-label trial with blinded assessment of outcomes, we randomly assigned 1900 adults with coma who had had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac or unknown cause to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C, followed by controlled rewarming, or targeted normothermia with early treatment of fever (body temperature, >= 37.8 degrees C). The primary outcome was death from any cause at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome at 6 months as assessed with the modified Rankin scale. Prespecified subgroups were defined according to sex, age, initial cardiac rhythm, time to return of spontaneous circulation, and presence or absence of shock on admission. Prespecified adverse events were pneumonia, sepsis, bleeding, arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise, and skin complications related to the temperature management device. Results A total of 1850 patients were evaluated for the primary outcome. At 6 months, 465 of 925 patients (50%) in the hypothermia group had died, as compared with 446 of 925 (48%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.14; P=0.37). Of the 1747 patients in whom the functional outcome was assessed, 488 of 881 (55%) in the hypothermia group had moderately severe disability or worse (modified Rankin scale score >= 4), as compared with 479 of 866 (55%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.09). Outcomes were consistent in the prespecified subgroups. Arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise was more common in the hypothermia group than in the normothermia group (24% vs. 17%, P<0.001). The incidence of other adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions In patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, targeted hypothermia did not lead to a lower incidence of death by 6 months than targeted normothermia. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; TTM2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, .)
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| 6. |
- van Vollenhoven, R, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 76:3, s. 554-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treat-to-target recommendations have identified ‘remission’ as a target in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but recognise that there is no universally accepted definition for this. Therefore, we initiated a process to achieve consensus on potential definitions for remission in SLE.MethodsAn international task force of 60 specialists and patient representatives participated in preparatory exercises, a face-to-face meeting and follow-up electronic voting. The level for agreement was set at 90%.ResultsThe task force agreed on eight key statements regarding remission in SLE and three principles to guide the further development of remission definitions:1. Definitions of remission will be worded as follows: remission in SLE is a durable state characterised by …………………. (reference to symptoms, signs, routine labs).2. For defining remission, a validated index must be used, for example, clinical systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI)=0, British Isles lupus assessment group (BILAG) 2004 D/E only, clinical European consensus lupus outcome measure (ECLAM)=0; with routine laboratory assessments included, and supplemented with physician's global assessment.3. Distinction is made between remission off and on therapy: remission off therapy requires the patient to be on no other treatment for SLE than maintenance antimalarials; and remission on therapy allows patients to be on stable maintenance antimalarials, low-dose corticosteroids (prednisone ≤5 mg/day), maintenance immunosuppressives and/or maintenance biologics.The task force also agreed that the most appropriate outcomes (dependent variables) for testing the prognostic value (construct validity) of potential remission definitions are: death, damage, flares and measures of health-related quality of life.ConclusionsThe work of this international task force provides a framework for testing different definitions of remission against long-term outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Pilla, Rachel M., et al.
(författare)
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Global data set of long-term summertime vertical temperature profiles in 153 lakes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change and other anthropogenic stressors have led to long-term changes in the thermal structure, including surface temperatures, deepwater temperatures, and vertical thermal gradients, in many lakes around the world. Though many studies highlight warming of surface water temperatures in lakes worldwide, less is known about long-term trends in full vertical thermal structure and deepwater temperatures, which have been changing less consistently in both direction and magnitude. Here, we present a globally-expansive data set of summertime in-situ vertical temperature profiles from 153 lakes, with one time series beginning as early as 1894. We also compiled lake geographic, morphometric, and water quality variables that can influence vertical thermal structure through a variety of potential mechanisms in these lakes. These long-term time series of vertical temperature profiles and corresponding lake characteristics serve as valuable data to help understand changes and drivers of lake thermal structure in a time of rapid global and ecological change.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lilja, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Hypothermia vs Normothermia on Societal Participation and Cognitive Function at 6 Months in Survivors After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest A Predefined Analysis of the TTM2 Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jama Neurology. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 80:10, s. 1070-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The Targeted Hypothermia vs Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial reported no difference in mortality or poor functional outcome at 6 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This predefined exploratory analysis provides more detailed estimation of brain dysfunction for the comparison of the 2 intervention regimens. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of targeted hypothermia vs targeted normothermia on functional outcome with focus on societal participation and cognitive function in survivors 6 months after OHCA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study is a predefined analysis of an international multicenter, randomized clinical trial that took place from November 2017 to January 2020 and included participants at 61 hospitals in 14 countries. A structured follow-up for survivors performed at 6 months was by masked outcome assessors. The last follow-up took place in October 2020. Participants included 1861 adult (older than 18 years) patients with OHCA who were comatose at hospital admission. At 6 months, 939 of 1861 were alive and invited to a follow-up, of which 103 of 939 declined or were missing. INTERVENTIONS Randomization 1:1 to temperature control with targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C or targeted normothermia and early treatment of fever (37.8 degrees C or higher). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Functional outcome focusing on societal participation assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended ([GOSE] 1 to 8) and cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ([MoCA] 0 to 30) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test ([SDMT] z scores). Higher scores represent better outcomes. RESULTS At 6 months, 836 of 939 survivors with a mean age of 60 (SD, 13) (range, 18 to 88) years (700 of 836 male [84%]) participated in the follow-up. There were no differences between the 2 intervention groups in functional outcome focusing on societal participation (GOSE score, odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.17; P =.46) or in cognitive function by MoCA (mean difference, 0.36; 95% CI,-0.33 to 1.05; P =.37) and SDMT (mean difference, 0.06; 95% CI,-0.16 to 0.27; P =.62). Limitations in societal participation (GOSE score less than 7) were common regardless of intervention (hypothermia, 178 of 415 [43%]; normothermia, 168 of 419 [40%]). Cognitive impairment was identified in 353 of 599 survivors (59%). CONCLUSIONS In this predefined analysis of comatose patients after OHCA, hypothermia did not lead to better functional outcome assessed with a focus on societal participation and cognitive function than management with normothermia. At 6 months, many survivors had not regained their pre-arrest activities and roles, and mild cognitive dysfunction was common.
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| 11. |
- Kraemer, Benjamin M., et al.
(författare)
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Climate change drives widespread shifts in lake thermal habitat
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 11:6, s. 521-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake surfaces are warming worldwide, raising concerns about lake organism responses to thermal habitat changes. Species may cope with temperature increases by shifting their seasonality or their depth to track suitable thermal habitats, but these responses may be constrained by ecological interactions, life histories or limiting resources. Here we use 32 million temperature measurements from 139 lakes to quantify thermal habitat change (percentage of non-overlap) and assess how this change is exacerbated by potential habitat constraints. Long-term temperature change resulted in an average 6.2% non-overlap between thermal habitats in baseline (1978-1995) and recent (1996-2013) time periods, with non-overlap increasing to 19.4% on average when habitats were restricted by season and depth. Tropical lakes exhibited substantially higher thermal non-overlap compared with lakes at other latitudes. Lakes with high thermal habitat change coincided with those having numerous endemic species, suggesting that conservation actions should consider thermal habitat change to preserve lake biodiversity. Using measurements from 139 global lakes, the authors demonstrate how long-term thermal habitat change in lakes is exacerbated by species' seasonal and depth-related constraints. They further reveal higher change in tropical lakes, and those with high biodiversity and endemism.
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| 12. |
- Pilla, Rachel M., et al.
(författare)
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Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3 decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1 to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences.
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| 13. |
- Sharma, Sapna, et al.
(författare)
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A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985–2009
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Macmillan Publishers Limited. - 2052-4463. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985–2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continues.
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| 14. |
- O’Reilly, Catherine M., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid and highly variable warming of lake surface waters around the globe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 42:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this first worldwide synthesis of in situ and satellite-derived lake data, we find that lake summer surface water temperatures rose rapidly (global mean = 0.34°C decade−1) between 1985 and 2009. Our analyses show that surface water warming rates are dependent on combinations of climate and local characteristics, rather than just lake location, leading to the counterintuitive result that regional consistency in lake warming is the exception, rather than the rule. The most rapidly warming lakes are widely geographically distributed, and their warming is associated with interactions among different climatic factors—from seasonally ice-covered lakes in areas where temperature and solar radiation are increasing while cloud cover is diminishing (0.72°C decade−1) to ice-free lakes experiencing increases in air temperature and solar radiation (0.53°C decade−1). The pervasive and rapid warming observed here signals the urgent need to incorporate climate impacts into vulnerability assessments and adaptation efforts for lakes.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jane, Stephen F., et al.
(författare)
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Widespread deoxygenation of temperate lakes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 594:7861, s. 66-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentration of dissolved oxygen in aquatic systems helps to regulate biodiversity(1,2), nutrient biogeochemistry(3), greenhouse gas emissions(4), and the quality of drinking water(5). The long-term declines in dissolved oxygen concentrations in coastal and ocean waters have been linked to climate warming and human activity(6,7), but little is known about the changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in lakes. Although the solubility of dissolved oxygen decreases with increasing water temperatures, long-term lake trajectories are difficult to predict. Oxygen losses in warming lakes may be amplified by enhanced decomposition and stronger thermal stratification(8,9) or oxygen may increase as a result of enhanced primary production(10). Here we analyse a combined total of 45,148 dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles and calculate trends for 393 temperate lakes that span 1941 to 2017. We find that a decline in dissolved oxygen is widespread in surface and deep-water habitats. The decline in surface waters is primarily associated with reduced solubility under warmer water temperatures, although dissolved oxygen in surface waters increased in a subset of highly productive warming lakes, probably owing to increasing production of phytoplankton. By contrast, the decline in deep waters is associated with stronger thermal stratification and loss of water clarity, but not with changes in gas solubility. Our results suggest that climate change and declining water clarity have altered the physical and chemical environment of lakes. Declines in dissolved oxygen in freshwater are 2.75 to 9.3 times greater than observed in the world's oceans(6,7) and could threaten essential lake ecosystem services(2,3,5,11).
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| 17. |
- Fanouriakis, Antonis, et al.
(författare)
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EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus : 2023 update
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : HighWire Press. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 83:1, s. 15-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To update the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) based on emerging new evidence.METHODS: An international Task Force formed the questions for the systematic literature reviews (January 2018-December 2022), followed by formulation and finalisation of the statements after a series of meetings. A predefined voting process was applied to each overarching principle and recommendation. Levels of evidence and strengths of recommendation were assigned, and participants finally provided their level of agreement with each item.RESULTS: The Task Force agreed on 5 overarching principles and 13 recommendations, concerning the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), glucocorticoids (GC), immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) (including methotrexate, mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide (CYC)), calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, voclosporin) and biologics (belimumab, anifrolumab, rituximab). Advice is also provided on treatment strategies and targets of therapy, assessment of response, combination and sequential therapies, and tapering of therapy. HCQ is recommended for all patients with lupus at a target dose 5 mg/kg real body weight/day, considering the individual's risk for flares and retinal toxicity. GC are used as 'bridging therapy' during periods of disease activity; for maintenance treatment, they should be minimised to equal or less than 5 mg/day (prednisone equivalent) and, when possible, withdrawn. Prompt initiation of ISDs (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate) and/or biological agents (anifrolumab, belimumab) should be considered to control the disease and facilitate GC tapering/discontinuation. CYC and rituximab should be considered in organ-threatening and refractory disease, respectively. For active lupus nephritis, GC, mycophenolate or low-dose intravenous CYC are recommended as anchor drugs, and add-on therapy with belimumab or CNIs (voclosporin or tacrolimus) should be considered. Updated specific recommendations are also provided for cutaneous, neuropsychiatric and haematological disease, SLE-associated antiphospholipid syndrome, kidney protection, as well as preventative measures for infections, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease.CONCLUSION: The updated recommendations provide consensus guidance on the management of SLE, combining evidence and expert opinion.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Maroni, F., et al.
(författare)
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Highly Stable Fe3O4/C Composite: A Candidate Material for All Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 167:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by a base catalyzed method are tested in an All-Solid-State (ASLB) battery using a sulfide electrolyte. The pristine nanoparticles were morphologically characterized showing an average size of 12 nm. The evaluation of the electrochemical properties shows high specific capacity values of 506 mAhg(-1) after 350 cycles at a specific current of 250 mAg(-1), with very high stability and coulombic efficiency. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited.
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| 21. |
- Maroni, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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V2O5 Cryogel: A Versatile Electrode for All Solid State Lithium Batteries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 166:16, s. A3927-A3931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All solid-state lithium batteries (ASLB) are paving the attention of the battery community due to the possibility of improving safety at good energy level. Their future development requires the investigation of new electrodes chemistries both based on intercalation or conversion mechanism. In this work we report on the synthesis and characterization of a V2O5 cryogel electrode and its application in ASLB. The combination of V2O5 cryogel and a solid-state electrolyte shows appealing properties of high capacity and enhanced safety.
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| 22. |
- Martinelli, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Structural analysis of PVA-based proton conducting membranes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2738. ; 177:26-32, s. 2431-2435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have synthesized and characterized a new family of proton conducting membranes based on cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, and functionalized silica filler. Glutaraldehyde, GLA, was used as the cross-linking agent in order to improve chemical and thermal stabilities. The functionalization of the silica particles is such that terminal -SO 3 H groups are formed during membrane preparation, thus possibly providing additional mobile protons. We find that the crystallinity of the PVA-based membranes is enhanced by the presence of the functionalized silica particles, whereas it is reduced by means of cross-linking. The thermal stability of the ternary system PVA:GLA:silica is improved due to the additive contribution of GLA and silica. The conductivity of membranes swelled in a sulfuric acid solution was found to be of the order of 10 - 1 S cm - 1 . © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Renzi, M., et al.
(författare)
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An innovative membrane-electrode assembly for efficient and durable polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell operations
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 42:26, s. 16686-16694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An innovative membrane-electrode assembly, based on a polyoxometalate (POM)-modified low-Pt loading cathode and a sulphated titania (S-TiO2)-doped Nafion membrane, is evaluated in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The modification of fuel cell cathode with Cs3HPMo11VO40 polyoxometalate is performed to enhance particles dispersion and increase active area, allowing low Pt loading while maintaining performance. The POM's high surface acidity favors kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction. The mesoporous features of POM allow the embedding of Pt inside the micro-mesopores, avoiding the Pt aggregation during fuel cell operation and delaying the aging process, with consequent increase of lifetime. On the other hands, commercial Nafion is modified with superacidic sulphated titanium oxide nanoparticles, allowing operation at low relative humidity and controlled polarization of the MEA. Further MEAs, formed by unmodified Nafion membrane and the POM-based cathode, as well as sulphated titanium-added Nafion and commercial Pt-based electrodes, are used as terms of comparison. The cell performances are studied by polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel plot analysis and high frequency resistance measurements. The dependence of cell performances on relative humidity is also studied. The catalytic and transport properties are improved using the coupled system, despite the reduced Pt loading, thanks to rich proton environment provided by cathode and membrane.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Agostini, Marco, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A high-power and fast charging Li-ion battery with outstanding cycle-life
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical energy storage devices based on Li-ion cells currently power almost all electronic devices and power tools. The development of new Li-ion cell configurations by incorporating innovative functional components (electrode materials and electrolyte formulations) will allow to bring this technology beyond mobile electronics and to boost performance largely beyond the state-of-theart. Here we demonstrate a new full Li-ion cell constituted by a high-potential cathode material, i.e. LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, a safe nanostructured anode material, i.e. TiO2, and a composite electrolyte made by a mixture of an ionic liquid suitable for high potential applications, i.e. Pyr(1),4PF6, a lithium salt, i.e. LiPF6, and standard organic carbonates. The final cell configuration is able to reversibly cycle lithium for thousands of cycles at 1000 mAg(-1) and a capacity retention of 65% at cycle 2000.
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| 27. |
- Agostini, Marco, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Stabilizing the Performance of High-Capacity Sulfur Composite Electrodes by a New Gel Polymer Electrolyte Configuration
- 2017
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 10:17, s. 3490-3496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased pollution and the resulting increase in global warming are drawing attention to boosting the use of renewable energy sources such as solar or wind. However, the production of energy from most renewable sources is intermittent and thus relies on the availability of electrical energy-storage systems with high capacity and at competitive cost. Lithium–sulfur batteries are among the most promising technologies in this respect due to a very high theoretical energy density (1675 mAh g?1) and that the active material, sulfur, is abundant and inexpensive. However, a so far limited practical energy density, life time, and the scaleup of materials and production processes prevent their introduction into commercial applications. In this work, we report on a simple strategy to address these issues by using a new gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) that enables stable performance close to the theoretical capacity of a low cost sulfur–carbon composite with high loading of active material, that is, 70 % sulfur. We show that the GPE prevents sulfur dissolution and reduces migration of polysulfide species to the anode. This functional mechanism of the GPE membranes is revealed by investigating both its morphology and the Li-anode/GPE interface at various states of discharge/charge using Raman spectroscopy.
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| 28. |
- Lombardo, L., et al.
(författare)
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In-situ gelled electrolyte for lithium battery: Electrochemical and Raman characterization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 245, s. 232-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- n this paper we report a polymer lithium cell using a PVdF-based, gel-type electrolyte formed in-situ during cell assembly. The gel electrolyte formation is monitored prior to cell assembly by electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy and by Raman spectroscopy in order to determine the characteristics of the lithium salt diffusion into the gel-membrane. The results show an efficient gel formation and a fast lithium salt diffusion, this finally resulting in an optimized behaviour in a lithium cell using a high voltage spinel-type cathode. We believe that the results here reported may contribute to the enhancement of the safety of lithium batteries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Martinelli, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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A structural study on ionic-liquid-based polymer electrolyte membranes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 154:8, s. G183-G187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated novel proton conducting membranes synthesized through the gelification of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) in aprotic ionic liquids. Mobile protons were introduced by doping the system with the strong bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide acid (HTFSI), which is chemically compatible with the ionic liquids through the common TFSI- anion. The obtained membranes are thermally stable up to 115°C set by the melting of the polymer phase. At this temperature, the conductivity is on the order of 10-2 S cm-1. Raman and infrared spectroscopy show no chemical interactions between the components, indicating that the bulklike nature of the doped ionic liquids preserved within the membrane, as is the thermal stability and the high conductivity. © 2007 The Electrochemical Society.
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| 30. |
- Martinelli, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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A study on the state of PWA in PVDF-based proton conducting membranes by Raman spectroscopy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Solid State Ionics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2738. ; 178:7-10, s. 527-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymer composite proton conducting membranes with increasing amount of tungstophosphoric acid (PWA) have been synthesized starting from poly(vinylidene) fluoride and alumina. Membranes could be prepared with an acid loading up to 16.7 wt.%. The conductivity of the membranes increases with acid loading up to 10- 3 Scm- 1 at the highest loading. The membrane matrices have a good thermal stability up to 240 °C, however a loss of water absorbed during the preparation procedure is observed at a considerably lower temperature. Raman spectroscopy showed that in the membrane the polymer adopts a conformation that could promote a separation into hydrophilic/hydrophobic sites. An interaction between alumina and PWA is also found that might limit the conductivity of the membranes.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Mazzapioda, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Composite nafion-catio 3-δ membranes as electrolyte component for pem fuel cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 12:9, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing new electrolytes with high ionic conductivity has been a crucial challenge in the development and large-scale distribution of fuel cell devices. In this work, we present two Nafion composite membranes containing a non-stoichiometric calcium titanate perovskite (CaTiO3−δ ) as a filler. These membranes are proposed as a proton exchange electrolyte for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell devices. More precisely, two different perovskite concentrations of 5 wt% and 10 wt%, with respect to Nafion, are considered. The structural, morphological, and chemical properties of the composite membranes are studied, revealing an inhomogeneous distribution of the filler within the polymer matrix. Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) tests, at 110◦ C and 2 M methanol concentration, were also performed. It was observed that the membrane containing 5 wt% of the additive allows the highest cell performance in comparison to the other samples, with a maximum power density of about 70 mW cm−2 at 200 mA cm−2 . Consequently, the ability of the perovskite structure to support proton carriers is here confirmed, suggesting an interesting strategy to obtain successful materials for electrochemical devices.
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| 33. |
- Mazzapioda, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Composite nafion membranes with catio 3 additive for possible applications in electrochemical devices
- 2019
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Ingår i: Membranes. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0375. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A composite membrane based on a Nafion polymer matrix incorporating a non-stoichiometric calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3−δ) additive was synthesized and characterized by means of thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy at different filler contents; namely two concentrations of 5 and 10 wt.% of the CaTiO3−δ additive, with respect to the dry Nafion content, were considered. The membrane with the lower amount of additive displayed the highest water affinity and the highest conductivity, indicating that a too-high dose of additive can be detrimental for these particular properties. The mechanical properties of the composite membranes are similar to those of the plain Nafion membrane and are even slightly improved by the filler addition. These findings indicate that perovskite oxides can be useful as a water-retention and reinforcing additive in low-humidity proton-exchange membranes.
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| 34. |
- Nielsen, Wils, et al.
(författare)
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OMERACT 2023 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Special Interest Group : Winnowing and Binning Preliminary Candidate Domains for the Core Outcome Set
- 2024
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Ingår i: Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism. - : Elsevier. - 0049-0172 .- 1532-866X. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Working Group held a Special Interest Group (SIG) at the OMERACT 2023 conference in Colorado Springs where SLE collaborators reviewed domain sub-themes generated through qualitative research and literature review.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the SIG and the subsequent meetings of the SLE Working Group was to begin the winnowing and binning of candidate domain sub-themes into a preliminary list of candidate domains that will proceed to the consensus Delphi exercise for the SLE COS.METHODS: Four breakout groups at the SLE SIG in Colorado Springs winnowed and binned 132 domain sub-themes into candidate domains, which was continued with a series of virtual meetings by an advisory group of SLE patient research partners (PRPs), members of the OMERACT SLE Working Group Steering Committee, and other collaborators.RESULTS: The 132 domain sub-themes were reduced to a preliminary list of 20 candidate domains based on their clinical and research relevance for clinical trials and research studies.CONCLUSION: A meaningful and substantial winnowing and binning of candidate domains for the SLE COS was achieved resulting in a preliminary list of 20 candidate domains.
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| 35. |
- Palluzzi, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Ionic Liquids as Cathode Additives for High Voltage Lithium Batteries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Batteries and Supercaps. - 2566-6223. ; In Press
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two oxalatoborate ionic liquids (ILs), which are commonly utilized as electrolyte additives that form a protective layer on the cathode surface, are investigated for the first time as electrode additives. Cathodes based on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) containing 3 wt % ILs, i. e., “IL-enriched cathodes”, exhibit capacity values above 120 mAh/g with high Coulombic efficiencies throughout cycling over 200 times. A cathode without ILs also exhibits a capacity of 119 mAh/g but its Coulombic efficiency becomes low and unstable after 109 cycles. In addition, when 0.3 M ILs are added to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes, the battery cycle life improves but there is a reduction in the capacity probably due to low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte mixtures. Post-mortem analyses of electrodes retrieved from cycled cells highlight less electrolyte decomposition and less cathode corrosion, enabled by using the IL as the additive in LNMO, which are confirmed by a particle shape with smooth surface identical to the fresh cathode. The study demonstrates that oxalatoborate ILs can be used as the electrode additive, and this provides a new concept for cathode formulations for high performance batteries with a small amount of ILs.
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| 36. |
- Pitawala, Jagath, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and properties of Li-ion conducting polymer gel electrolytes based on ionic liquids of the pyrrolidinium cation and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 245, s. 830-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the structure and physical properties of Li-ion conducting polymer gel electrolytes functionalized with ionic liquid/lithium salt mixtures. The membranes are based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer, PVdF-HFP, and two ionic liquids: pyrrolidinium cations, N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (PyR14+), N-butyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium (PyR24+), and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion (TFSI). The ionic liquids where doped with 0.2 mol kg(-1) LiTFSI. The resulting membranes are freestanding, flexible, and nonvolatile. The structure of the polymer and the interactions between the polymer and the ionic liquid electrolyte have been studied using Raman spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity of the membranes has been studied using dielectric spectroscopy whereas the thermal properties were investigated using differential scanning caloriometry (DSC).
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| 37. |
- Satolli, D, et al.
(författare)
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Macro- and microscopic properties of nonaqueous proton conducting membranes based on PAN.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 150:3, s. A267-A273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we report the electrochemical and physical characterization of proton-conducting gels prepared by means of a swelling procedure proved successful for the synthesis of membranes of interest for lithium battery technology. Basically, this new approach considers the formation of a precursor membrane by the gelification of a selected polymer matrix, e.g., a poly (acrylonitrile), matrix using a suitable solvent. This membrane is then embedded in an acidic solution: by a phase inversion process, the gelling solvent leaves the polymer matrix to be replaced by the acid solution, to finally obtain a self-standing, proton-conducting membrane. Impedance spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the good conductivity of the materials, and infrared, Raman, and fuel-cell studies confirm that this conductivity is due to protonic transport.
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| 38. |
- Wallace, DJ, et al.
(författare)
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Safety profile of belimumab: pooled data from placebo-controlled phase 2 and 3 studies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0962 .- 0961-2033. ; 22:2, s. 144-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety data were pooled and analyzed from one phase 2 and two phase 3 double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeat-dose systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) trials of belimumab 1, 4 (phase 2 only), and 10 mg/kg. Types and rates of adverse events (AEs) were similar across treatment groups. Rates of patients experiencing any serious AE were 16.6%, 19.5%, 13.5%, and 18.0% with placebo, and belimumab 1, 4, and 10 mg/kg, respectively; rates of serious infusion reactions (including hypersensitivity reactions) occurring on the same days as infusions were 0.4%, 0.9%, 0%, and 0.9%, and rates of serious infections were 5.5%, 7.1%, 6.3%, and 5.3%. Malignancy rates/100 patient-years (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) were 0.29 with placebo vs. 0.20 with all belimumab doses combined; mortality rates/100 patient-years were 0.43 vs. 0.73. These data support the conclusion that belimumab in combination with standard SLE therapy was generally well tolerated in a predominantly autoantibody-positive population with active SLE. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: LBSL02: NCT00071487; BLISS-52: NCT00424476; BLISS-76: NCT00410384.
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| 39. |
- Zhang, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and nutritional constraints on zooplankton productivity due to eutrophication and climate change predicted using a resource-based modeling approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0706-652X .- 1205-7533. ; 79:3, s. 472-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging evidence suggests that zooplankton production is affected by physiological and nutritional constraints due to climate change and eutrophication, which in turn could have broad implications for food-web dynamics and fisheries production. In this study, we developed a resource-based zooplankton production dynamics model that causally links freshwater cladoceran and copepod daily production-to-biomass (P/B) ratios with water temperature, phytoplankton biomass and community composition, and zooplankton feeding selectivity. This model was used to evaluate constraints on zooplankton growth under four hypothetical scenarios: involving natural plankton community seasonal succession; lake fertilization to enhance fisheries production; eutrophication; and climatic warming. Our novel modeling approach predicts zooplankton production is strongly dependent on seasonal variation in resource availability and quality, which results in more complex zooplankton dynamics than predicted by simpler temperature-dependent models. For mesotrophic and hypereutrophic lakes, our study suggests that the ultimate control over zooplankton P/B ratios shifts from physiological control during colder periods to strong resource control during warmer periods. Our resource-based model provides important insights into the nature of biophysical control of zooplankton under a changing climate that has crucial implications for food web energy transfer and fisheries production.
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