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Sökning: WFRF:(Naveed Muhammad)

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1.
  • Zaman, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Application of Nanoprecipitation Technique to Develop Poloxamer-407 Facilitated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Controlled Delivery of Tacrolimus
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Polymer Science. - : HINDAWI LTD. - 1687-9422 .- 1687-9430. ; 2023
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Currently, the solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are utilized as a novel approach for the controlled drug delivery system (CDDS). Tacrolimus (TCM), a lipophilic drug, can easily be encapsulated in the hydrophobic core of these SLNs using nanoprecipitation technique. The current aim was to develop the controlled release Poloxamer (PLX) facilitated TCM loaded SLNs (PLX/TCM-SLNs), followed by their physicochemical evaluations, including chemical compatibility, particle size, surface charge, surface morphology, nature of SLNs, loading efficiency (LE), entrapment efficiency (EE), in vitro drug release studies, release kinetic modeling, and statistical evaluation. Here we also evaluate physicochemical properties of TCM and investigate solubility profile for improvement and dissolution rate of PLX/TCM-SLNs. PLX was used in the process as a polymer due to its low toxicity and weak immunogenic properties. The prepared formulation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the compatibility of the selected ingredients, whereas particle size analysis showed that prepared PLX/TCM-SLNs were of nanosized (120:6 +/- 9nm) having zeta potential of - 21.3 Mv. On the other hand, SEM had revealed the smooth and uniform surface of the particle, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the uniform surface as crystalline structure of TCM in PLX/TCM-SLNs masked. A satisfactory level of EE (94:5 +/- 2:74%) has also been noticed. Furthermore, in vitro drug release studies have explored the controlled release of drug during 8 hours, following zero order release kinetics and diffusion type of release mechanism. Outcomes of the studies have advocated the successful preparation of SLNs, as controlled release PLX/TCM-SLNs have been prepared efficiently.
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2.
  • Zaman, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Fabrication of PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Tenofovir Alafenamide : Synthesis and Characterization
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 27:23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is an antiretroviral (ARV) drug that is used for the management and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The clinical availability of ARV delivery systems that provide long-lasting protection against HIV transmission is lacking. There is a dire need to formulate nanocarrier systems that can help in revolutionizing the way to fight against HIV/AIDS. Here, we aimed to synthesize a polymer using chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) by the PEGylation of chitosan at the hydroxyl group. After successful modification and confirmation by FTIR, XRD, and SEM, TAF-loaded PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and analyzed for their particle size, zeta potential, morphology, crystallinity, chemical interactions, entrapment efficacy, drug loading, in vitro drug release, and release kinetic modeling. The fabricated nanoparticles were found to be in a nanosized range (219.6 nm), with similar to 90% entrapment efficacy, similar to 14% drug loading, and a spherical uniform distribution. The FTIR analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of PEGylated chitosan and nanoparticles. The in vitro analysis showed similar to 60% of the drug was released from the PEGylated polymeric reservoir system within 48 h at pH 7.4. The drug release kinetics were depicted by the Korsmeyer-Peppas release model with thermodynamically nonspontaneous drug release. Conclusively, PEGylated chitosan has the potential to deliver TAF from a nanocarrier system, and in the future, cytotoxicity and in vivo studies can be performed to further authenticate the synthesized polymer.
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3.
  • Ahmad, Naveed, et al. (författare)
  • Csr communication through social media : A litmus test for banking consumers’ loyalty
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:4, s. 1-16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prior literature in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has largely focused on investigating its relationship with organizational-related outcomes, whereas the impact of CSR on consumer behavior is largely ignored in the recent literature. Further, most of the prior studies have investigated CSR with a philanthropic viewpoint, but its importance in achieving marketing-related outcomes is something that is to date, underexplored. Hence, the aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of CSR communication through social media on consumer loyalty with the mediating effect of consumers’ brand admiration in the banking sector of Pakistan. The banking sector was selected due to the reason that this sector is homogenized in nature and creating consumers’ loyalty due to this homogenized character of this sector is challenging. The data of the present study were collected from different banking consumers through an adapted questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. A total of 448 fully filled questionnaires were received which included 289 male and 159 female banking consumers. The results of the present study revealed that CSR communications through social media have a positive impact on consumer loyalty, and consum-ers’ brand admiration partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the present study would help policymakers from banking institutions to use CSR strategy from the perspective of marketing which is undoubtedly very important for every organization in the current digital age.
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4.
  • Irshad, Muneeb, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNixO3-delta perovskite cathode using nickel as a sintering aid for IT-SOFC
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 11:24, s. 14475-14483
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this research work, BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNixO3-delta (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) perovskite cathode material for IT-SOFC is synthesized successfully using a combustion method and sintered at low temperature. The effects of nickel as a sintering aid on the properties of BaCo0.Fe-4(0).Zr-4(0).O-2(3-delta) are investigated through different characterization methods. The addition of nickel increased the densification and grain growth at a lower sintering temperature 1200 degrees C. XRD analysis confirms a single phase of BaCo0.Fe-4(0).Zr-4(0).O-2(3-delta), and an increase in crystalline size is observed. SEM micrographs show formation of dense microstructure with increased nickel concentration. TGA analysis revealed that BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNix cathode materials are thermally stable within the SOFC temperature range, and negligible weight loss of 2.3% is observed. The bonds of hydroxyl groups and metal oxides are confirmed for all samples through FTIR analysis. The highest electrical properties are observed for BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNix (x = 0.04) due to increased densification and electronic defects compared to other compositions. The maximum power density of 0.47 W cm(-2) is obtained for a cell having cathode material BaCo0.Fe-4(0).4Zr0.2-xNix (x = 0.02) owing to its permeable and well-connected structure compared to others.
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5.
  • Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, et al. (författare)
  • Mental Health and Coping Strategies among University Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Cross-Sectional Analysis from Saudi Arabia
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 15:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study examined psychological health and coping strategies among faculty and staff at a Saudi Arabian university. A web-based self-administered survey was used to assess probable anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping strategies by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Brief-COPE scale, respectively. Of 502 participants (mean age 36.04 +/- 10.32 years, male: 66.3%), 24.1% (GAD-7 >= 10) had probable anxiety. Anxiety score was significantly higher in females (p < 0.001), those with a history of COVID-19 infection (p = 0.036), and participants with less work experience (p = 0.019). Approximately 40% of participants met the criteria of probable depression, with females (p < 0.001) and participants with less experience having more depressive symptoms. Around one-fourth (27.7%) of study participants indicated probable PTSD (score +/- 33), with higher symptoms in females (p <0.001), less experienced staff (p < 0.00 1), and academic staff (p = 0.006). Correlation analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depression (r = 0.844, p < 0.001), anxiety and PTSD (r = 0.650, p < 0.001), and depression and PTSD (r = 0.676, p < 0.001). Active coping, religious/spiritual coping, and acceptance were common coping strategies, while substance use was the least adopted coping method among the study participants. This study indicated a high prevalence of probable psychological ailments among university staff.
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6.
  • Naveed, Muhammad Hamza, et al. (författare)
  • Cellulosic biomass fermentation for biofuel production : Review of artificial intelligence approaches
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 189
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Scarcity in fossil fuel reserves and their environmental impacts has forced the world towards the production of clean and environment-friendly fuels called biofuels. This review focuses on the importance of different machine learning models and optimization techniques to simulate and optimize process conditions, yield and parameters in the fermentation of cellulosic biomass from fifty recent studies. The superiority of ML models, especially ANN dominance in 70 % of studies with highest coefficient of regression over conventional techniques in the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen is comprehensively reviewed. Research gaps and studies directed toward the usage of most optimum ML models in future are directed after the sensitivity analysis with 5 % variation that suggest the stability of ML models. It is intended to spur further investigation into the development and use of ML models combined with optimization methods and CFD in the fermentation process to produce bioethanol and biohydrogen. 
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7.
  • Sarfraz, Amina, et al. (författare)
  • Catalytic Effect of Silicon Carbide on the Composite Anode of Fuel Cells
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2574-0962. ; 4:7, s. 6436-6444
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High efficiency, fuel flexibility, and sustainable energy conversion make fuel cells attractive compared to conventional energy systems. The direct ethanol fuel cells have attracted much attention because of the direct utilization of ethanol fuel. Anode materials are required to enhance the catalytic activity of the liquid fuel, which oxidize the fuel at lower operating temperature. Therefore, the catalytic effect using silicon carbide has been investigated in the LiNiO2-delta anode. The material has been characterized, and it is found that SiC shows a cubic structure and LiNiO2-delta exhibits a hexagonal structure, while the LiNiO2-delta-SiC composite exhibits a mixed cubic and hexagonal phase. Scanning electron microscopy depicts that the material is porous. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows the presence of Si-O-Si, Si-C, C=O, and Si-OH bonding. The LiNiO2-delta-SiC composite (1:0.3) exhibited a maximum electrical conductivity of 1.34 S cm(-1) at 650 degrees C with an electrical band gap of 0.84 eV. The fabricated cell with the LiNiO2-delta-SiC anode exhibits a power density of 0.20 W cm(-2) at 650 degrees C with liquid ethanol fuel. The results show that there is a promising catalytic activity of SiC in the fuel cell anode.
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8.
  • Ahmed, Saad, et al. (författare)
  • Demystifying Energy Consumption Dynamics in Transiently Powered Computers
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery. - 1539-9087 .- 1558-3465. ; 19:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transiently powered computers (TPCs) form the foundation of the battery-less Internet of Things, using energy harvesting and small capacitors to power their operation. This kind of power supply is characterized by extreme variations in supply voltage, as capacitors charge when harvesting energy and discharge when computing. We experimentally find that these variations cause marked fluctuations in clock speed and power consumption. Such a deceptively minor observation is overlooked in existing literature. Systems are thus designed and parameterized in overly conservative ways, missing on a number of optimizations.We rather demonstrate that it is possible to accurately model and concretely capitalize on these fluctuations. We derive an energy model as a function of supply voltage and prove its use in two settings. First, we develop EPIC, a compile-time energy analysis tool. We use it to substitute for the constant power assumption in existing analysis techniques, giving programmers accurate information on worst-case energy consumption of programs. When using EPIC with existing TPC system support, run-time energy efficiency drastically improves, eventually leading up to a 350% speedup in the time to complete a fixed workload. Further, when using EPIC with existing debugging tools, it avoids unnecessary program changes that hurt energy efficiency. Next, we extend the MSPsim emulator and explore its use in parameterizing a different TPC system support. The improvements in energy efficiency yield up to more than 1000% time speedup to complete a fixed workload.
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9.
  • Akbar, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of sintering temperature on properties of LiNiCuZn-Oxide: a potential anode for solid oxide fuel cell
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Materials Research Express. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 2053-1591. ; 6:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Crystal structure and surface morphology play vital role in the performance of Solid Oxide Fuel cells (SOFCs) anode. Sufficient electrocatalytic activity and high conductivity are the key requirements for anode to enhance the electrochemical capability. In current work, sintering temperature effects are investigated on the properties of advanced LiNiCuZn-Oxide based electrode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The powders were prepared by simple solid-state reaction method was followed by sintering at different temperatures (700 degrees C-1200 degrees C). Moreover, various characterization techniques have been employed to investigate the sintering temperatures effects on the crystallite size, morphology, particle size, energy band gap and absorption peaks. The energy gap (Eg) was observed to increase from 2.94 eV to 3.32 eV and dc conductivity decreased from 9.084 Scm(-1) to 0.46 Scm(-1) by increasing sintering temperature from 700 degrees C to 1200 degrees C. Additionally, the best fuel cell performance of 0.90 Wcm(-2) was achieved for LiNiCuZn-Oxide sintered at 700 degrees C using H-2/air as a fuel and oxidant and it decreased to 0.17 Wcm(-2) for powders sintered at 1200 degrees C. Based on these results, we can conclude that 700 degrees C is the best optimum temperature for these chemical compositions, where all parameters of electrode are as per SOFCs requirement.
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10.
  • Amin, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • New ridge estimators in the inverse Gaussian regression : Monte Carlo simulation and application to chemical data
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; 51:10, s. 6170-6187
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In numerous application areas, when the response variable is continuous, positively skewed, and well fitted to the inverse Gaussian distribution, the inverse Gaussian regression model (IGRM) is an effective approach in such scenarios. The problem of multicollinearity is very common in several application areas like chemometrics, biology, finance, and so forth. The effects of multicollinearity can be reduced using the ridge estimator. This research proposes new ridge estimators to address the issue of multicollinearity in the IGRM. The performance of the new estimators is compared with the maximum likelihood estimator and some other existing estimators. The mean square error is used as a performance evaluation criterion. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to assess the performance of the new ridge estimators based on the minimum mean square error criterion. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the performance of the proposed estimators is better than the available methods. The comparison of proposed ridge estimators is also evaluated using two real chemometrics applications. The results of Monte Carlo simulation and real applications confirmed the superiority of the proposed ridge estimators to other competitor methods.
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11.
  • Impact of substantive staging and communicative staging of sustainable servicescape on behavioral intentions of hotel customers through overall perceived image : A case of boutique hotels
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Customers have become very sensitive regarding the innovative evaluation of servicesDue to competition in the hospitality industry, it is a challenge for hotel marketers to understand customers’ behavior. There is scant research in the hotel industry of Pakistan and especially on boutique hotels. This research seeks to measure the relationship between substantive, communicative elements of the sustainable servicescape and behavioral intentions (word of mouth) in a boutique hotel setting. However, the mediating effect of the overall perceived image is examined between these constructs. Responses of boutique hotel visitors were collected from Lahore, Islamabad, Faisalabad, and Murree. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results display that both substantive and communicative servicescape elements positively affect the perceived image of customers, which has a positive influence on behavioral intentions such as word of mouth (WOM)Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
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12.
  • Jameel, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • A novel AP4M1 mutation in autosomal recessive cerebral palsy syndrome and clinical expansion of AP-4 deficiency
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 15, s. 133-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND:Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability in one-third of cases. Recent findings support Mendelian inheritance in subgroups of patients with the disease. The purpose of this study was to identify a novel genetic cause of paraplegic CP with intellectual disability in a consanguineous Pakistani family.METHODS:We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in two brothers with CP and intellectual disability. Analysis of AP4M1 mRNA was performed using quantitative real-time PCR on total RNA from cultured fibroblasts. The brothers were investigated clinically and by MRI.RESULTS:We identified a novel homozygous AP4M1 mutation c.194_195delAT, p.Y65Ffs*50 in the affected brothers. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed markedly reduced AP4M1 mRNA levels suggesting partial non-sense mediated mRNA decay. Several clinical and MRI features were consistent with AP-4 complex deficiency. However, in contrast to previously reported cases with AP4M1 mutations our patients show an aggressive behavior and a relatively late onset of disease.CONCLUSION:This study shows an AP4M1 mutation associated with aggressive behavior in addition to mild dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, spastic paraparesis and reduced head circumference. Our findings expand the clinical spectrum associated with AP-4 complex deficiency and the study illustrates the importance of MRI and WES in the diagnosis of patients with CP and intellectual disability.
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13.
  • Khan, Tahir Naeem, et al. (författare)
  • Novel missense mutation in the RSPO4 gene in congenital hyponychia and evidence for a polymorphic initiation codon (p.M1l)
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 13, s. 120-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Anonychia/hyponychia congenita is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by the absence (anonychia) or hypoplasia (hyponuchia) of finger- and/or toenails frequently caused by mutations in the R-spondin 4 (RSPO4) gene. Methods: Three hypo/anonychia consanguineous Pakistani families were ascertained and genotyped using microsatellite markers spanning the RSPO4 locus on chromosome 20p13. Mutation screening of the RSPO4 gene was carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding region and all intron-exon boundaries. Results: Mutations in the RSPO4 gene were identified in all families including a novel missense mutation c.178C>T (p.R60W) and two recurrent variants c.353G>A (p.C118Y) and c.3G>A (p.M1l). The c.3G>A variant was identified in unaffected family members and a control sample in a homozygous state. Conclusions: This study raises to 17 the number of known RSPO4 mutations and further expands the molecular repertoire causing hypo/anonychia. The c.353G>A emerges as a recurrent change with a possible founder effect in the Pakistani population. Our findings suggest that c.3G>A is not sufficient to cause the disorder and could be considered a polymorphism.
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14.
  • Mahmood, Asif, et al. (författare)
  • Unleashing the barriers to CSR implementation in the sme sector of a developing economy : A thematic analysis approach
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the perspective of sustainability has been a part of the academic discussion in recent years. Different studies have also highlighted the inability of the SME sector to implement a CSR plan to achieve sustainability objectives. How-ever, why this sector is unable to adopt CSR is something that has not been properly attended by contemporary scholars. Against this backdrop, the current study aims to explore the major barriers that inhibit SMEs from implementing CSR and sustainability measures. The current study data were collected from the senior management of different SMEs in Pakistan and were analyzed using thematic analysis to extract different patterns of themes. The results unveil that the “lack of finances” is the most critical barrier for CSR, followed by the “lack of CSR knowledge.” The implications for theory and practice are also discussed in detail.
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15.
  • Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, et al. (författare)
  • Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia : A Large Regional Analysis
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures have substantially affected educational processes around the globe, resulting in psychological distress among students. The mental health of students in higher education is of paramount importance, and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought this vulnerable population into renewed focus. In this context, the evaluation of students' mental health at educational institutes has gained invaluable popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to ascertain the psychological health and coping strategies among students from a higher education institute in Saudi Arabia.Methods: An online study instrument was used to assess anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), post-traumatic stress disorder-PTSD (Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R) and coping strategies (Brief-COPE). The severity of the psychological distress was classified as per the scoring criteria and correlated with demographics using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Of 1074 students (age 21.1 +/- 2.1 years), 12.9% and 9.7% had severe anxiety and depression, respectively. The mean anxiety and depression scores were 7.50 +/- 5.51 and 9.31 +/- 6.72, respectively. About one-third (32%) of students reported suicidal ideation, with 8.4% students having such thoughts nearly every day. The average PTSD score was 21.64 +/- 17.63, where avoidance scored higher (8.10 +/- 6.94) than intrusion and hyperarousal. There was no association of anxiety, depression and PTSD score with the demographics of the study participants. Religious/spiritual coping (5.43 +/- 2.15) was the most adoptive coping mechanism, followed by acceptance (5.15 +/- 2.10). Male students were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with active copings, instrumental support, planning, humor, acceptance and religious coping. Substance use was the least adopted coping strategy but practiced by a considerable number of students.Conclusions: The long-lasting pandemic situation, onerous protective measures and uncertainties in educational procedures have resulted in a high prevalence of psychological ailments among university students, as indicated in this study. These findings accentuate the urgent need for telepsychiatry and appropriate population-specific mental health services to assess the extent of psychological impairment and to leverage positive coping behaviors among students.
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16.
  • Micah, Angela E., et al. (författare)
  • Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 398:10308, s. 1317-1343
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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17.
  • Naveed, Khalid, et al. (författare)
  • New shrinkage parameters for the inverse Gaussian Liu regression
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0361-0926 .- 1532-415X. ; 51:10, s. 3216-3236
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the Inverse Gaussian Regression (IGR), there is a significant increase in the variance of the commonly used Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator in the presence of multicollinearity. Alternatively, we suggested the Liu Estimator (LE) for the IGR that is the generalization of Liu. In addition, some estimation methods are proposed to estimate the optimal value of the Liu shrinkage parameter, d. We investigate the performance of these methods by means of Monte Carlo Simulation and a real-life application where Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are considered as performance criteria. Simulation and application results show the superiority of new shrinkage parameters to the ML estimator under certain condition.
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18.
  • Raykova, Doroteya, et al. (författare)
  • Autosomal Recessive Transmission of a Rare KRT74 Variant Causes Hair and Nail Ectodermal Dysplasia : Allelism with Dominant Woolly Hair/Hypotrichosis
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:4, s. e93607-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia (PHNED) comprises a heterogeneous group of rare heritable disorders characterized by brittle hair, hypotrichosis, onychodystrophy and micronychia. Autosomal recessive (AR) PHNED has previously been associated with mutations in either KRT85 or HOXC13 on chromosome 12p11.1-q14.3. We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with AR PHNED linked to the keratin gene cluster on 12p11.1 but without detectable mutations in KRT85 and HOXC13. Whole exome sequencing of affected individuals revealed homozygosity for a rare c.821T> C variant (p.Phe274Ser) in the KRT74 gene that segregates AR PHNED in the family. The transition alters the highly conserved Phe274 residue in the coil 1B domain required for long-range dimerization of keratins, suggesting that the mutation compromises the stability of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses confirmed a strong keratin-74 expression in the nail matrix, the nail bed and the hyponychium of mouse distal digits, as well as in normal human hair follicles. Furthermore, hair follicles and epidermis of an affected family member stained negative for Keratin-74 suggesting a loss of function mechanism mediated by the Phe274Ser substitution. Our observations show for the first time that homozygosity for a KRT74 missense variant may be associated with AR PHNED. Heterozygous KRT74 mutations have previously been associated with autosomal dominant woolly hair/ hypotrichosis simplex (ADWH). Thus, our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with KRT74 mutations and imply that a subtype of AR PHNED is allelic with ADWH.
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19.
  • Yousaf, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Electrochemical properties of Ni0.4Zn0.6 Fe2O4 and the heterostructure composites (Ni-Zn ferrite-SDC) for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC)
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 331
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In solid oxide fuel cell, the redox reactions (HOR and ORR) demand good catalyst functions at the anode and cathode. Triple phase boundary (TPB) is an important mechanism to determine HOR and ORR as key factors to improve the reaction rate, charge transfer and ion diffusion processes. In the present work, Ni0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 (Ni-Zn ferrite) and its heterostructures with Sm0.2Ce0.8O2 (SDC) are prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the phase structure and morphology of the material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the phase of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) and chemical states on the heterostructure surface. The electrical and conductive behaviors of synthesized samples are investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fuel cell measurements. Unlike to conventional way, the as-prepared samples promote redox reactions from two aspects: a) as an electrolyte for ion transport; b) as a mixed conductor to extend the ionic transport on TPB region. The ionic transfer mechanism of Ni-Zn ferrite/SDC composite leads the improved fuel cell performance up to 760 mW/cm(2) at 550 degrees C. Further investigations verify the appreciable proton conduction in the prepared devices in a range of 0.012-0.048 Scm(-1).
  •  
20.
  • Yu, Hua, et al. (författare)
  • A contemporary issue of micro-foundation of csr, employee pro-environmental behavior and environmental performance toward energy saving, carbon emission reduction and recycling
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The contemporary literature has largely addressed corporate social responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, whereas its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored. In addition, contemporary researchers have also ignored the importance of employee pro-environmental behavior to reduce the environmental footprint of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). With this back-ground, the present study attempts to decrease the environmental footprint of the SME sector of China by implementing CSR at the micro-level through the involvement of employees because employees spend a significant amount of their time at workplaces, and hence their environment-related behavior may significantly contribute to improve the natural environment. In this regard, here we examined the impact of the micro-foundation of CSR on SMEs' environmental performance with mediating effect of employees’ pro-environmental behavior. The data were collected from the different organizations in China. Our sample constitutes a supervisor–subordinate dyad from which we collected 562 filled questionnaires (281 from each). We used the structural equation modeling technique using AMOS software for data analysis, the results show that CSR, directly and indirectly, through employee’s pro-environmental behavior affects the environmental performance of SMEs, and employee pro-environmental behavior partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the present study are helpful for policymakers of the SME sector of China to address widespread environmental issues caused by their business operations.
  •  
21.
  • Ahmad, Naveed, et al. (författare)
  • Relationship between corporate social responsibility at the micro-level and environmental performance : The mediating role of employee pro-environmental behavior and the moderating role of gender
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5509. ; 27, s. 1138-1148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since Pakistan is vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, the country needs emergency measures at every level to mitigate their effect. Many studies have addressed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, but its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored in the contemporary literature. The present study aims at filling this gap by highlighting the role of micro-level CSR on Environmental Performance (ENP) and how it is influenced by employees’ pro-environmental (PEB) behavior and gender. This study has been carried out in the context of deteriorating environmental conditions, scarce CSR activities and a male dominant society. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire targeting the manufacturing and the service sectors of Pakistan and analyzed through the structural equation modeling technique, using AMOS and SPSS software. The results of this study confirm that micro-level CSR initiatives directly (β = 0.39⁎⁎) and indirectly (β = 0.031⁎⁎) influence the environmental performance of an organization by means of employees’ PEB. A conditional indirect gender effect on this interaction was also observed, with women (β =0.17⁎⁎) exerting a stronger effect than men (β = 0.031⁎⁎). These findings may be helpful for policymakers involved in environmental management: It is possible to reduce the environmental footprint of Pakistan's organizations by encouraging employee's PEB and particularly by actively involving women which are systematically set apart from decision making in Pakistan.
  •  
22.
  • Ahmad, Naveed, et al. (författare)
  • The inter-relation of corporate social responsibility at employee level, servant leadership, and innovative work behavior in the time of crisis from the healthcare sector of pakistan
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organizational crisis can serve as a base to provide an opportunity to an organization for enhancing individuals, organizations, and communities. The healthcare sector is one of those sectors that remains under continuous pressure to provide high-quality service delivery to the patients. Hence, the requirement of innovation for this sector is huge when compared to other sectors. The majority of the previous studies have investigated the phenomenon of CSR at the employee’s level (CSR-E) to influence employee behavior positively. However, the importance of CSR-E to enhance the innovative capability of the employees at the workplace is not well-explored in extant literature. Moreover, it is not clear from previous studies how the concept of servant leadership can explain the employee’s engagement towards innovative work behavior (EIB). Thus, the current survey aims to test the relationship of CSR-E and EIB in the healthcare sector of Pakistan with the mediating effect of servant leadership. The data of the current study were obtained through a self-administered (paper-pencil) survey and they were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. The empirical results of SEM analysis revealed that CSR-E and EIB are positively related and servant leadership partially mediates this relationship. The findings of the current study will be helpful for policymakers to improve their understanding towards CSR-E to induce EIB in the time of crisis. At the same time, the current study also highlights the importance of servant leadership to the policymakers in encouraging the employees to display their innovative capability at the workplace to serve their organization during the time of crisis.
  •  
23.
  • Ahmad, Naveed, et al. (författare)
  • The nexus of csr and co-creation : A roadmap towards consumer loyalty
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is regarded as an effort to be undertaken by the businesses to contribute towards society at large positively. The idea behind the concept of CSR is that businesses are required to pursue the notion of pro-social objectives along with economic objectives. Research has long established that corporate social responsibility, along with its philanthropic nature, can also produce extraordinary marketing results for businesses. The relationship between CSR and consumer loyalty is well acknowledged in extant literature. Likewise, involving consumers through co-creation in the product/service development process may provide an exciting experience to consumers, which is likely to influence their loyalty. With these arguments, the present research investigates the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty with the mediating role of co-creation in the banking sector of an emerging economy such as Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used for data analysis in the present study. The results validate that CSR improves consumer loyalty, and co-creation partially mediates this relationship. The results of the current survey will help banking institutions to identify how they can develop core strategic considerations based on CSR and co-creation.
  •  
24.
  • Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Writer Identification Using Microblogging Texts for Social Media Forensics
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 2637-6407. ; 3:3, s. 405-426
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Establishing authorship of online texts is fundamental to combat cybercrimes. Unfortunately, text length is limited on some platforms, making the challenge harder. We aim at identifying the authorship of Twitter messages limited to 140 characters. We evaluate popular stylometric features, widely used in literary analysis, and specific Twitter features like URLs, hashtags, replies or quotes. We use two databases with 93 and 3957 authors, respectively. We test varying sized author sets and varying amounts of training/test texts per author. Performance is further improved by feature combination via automatic selection. With a large amount of training Tweets (>500), a good accuracy (Rank-5>80%) is achievable with only a few dozens of test Tweets, even with several thousands of authors. With smaller sample sizes (10-20 training Tweets), the search space can be diminished by 9-15% while keeping a high chance that the correct author is retrieved among the candidates. In such cases, automatic attribution can provide significant time savings to experts in suspect search. For completeness, we report verification results. With few training/test Tweets, the EER is above 20-25%, which is reduced to < 15% if hundreds of training Tweets are available. We also quantify the computational complexity and time permanence of the employed features. © 2019 IEEE.
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25.
  • Amin, Fayiz, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of arch action on load-carrying capacity of double-sized industrial precast slabs: A combined numerical and experimental study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Results in Materials. - : Elsevier. - 2590-048X. ; 23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The precast industry offers slab panels of different geometries according to the field conditions. These slab panels are popular in temporary constructions and beneficial in sustainability but have some financial limitations and local constraints. For a long time, the construction industry has used the arch action method, which restricts the stresses to the compression zone in concrete members and develops the required load-carrying capacity. For the same motives, industrial buildings have preferred semi-circular precast roofs, but the morphology was not suitable. For the proposed slab in this research, firstly, the typical industrial precast slab panel was doubled in width to minimize the time and efforts required for its casting, curing, and placement. Secondly, that doubled-in-width slab was provided with the arch action to confine the stresses to compression and benefit from the section entirely. Lastly, the top of the slab was kept flat to take advantage of the roof space. All these changes aimed for structural stability, reduced material’s weight, improved load-carrying capacity, appropriate mobilization, and financial viability. A numerical approach and practical testing were adopted using the finite element modeling software, ABAQUS, to analyze load–deflection responses of both slabs through the concrete damage plasticity model. The proposed slab exhibited better performance as its capacity enhanced by about 1.5 times that of a typical slab. Although the volume of the material in the proposed slab increased slightly from 0.040 m3 to 0.045 m3, the reductions in joint filler materials, reinforcements, and efforts required for mixing and lifting machinery compensated for this increase significantly. Hence, the slab can be recommended for the industry to save the costs while taking heavier loads efficiently.
  •  
26.
  • Amin, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Life cycle assessment of iron-biomass supported catalyst for Fischer Tropsch synthesis
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Chemistry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2646. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The iron-based biomass-supported catalyst has been used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). However, there is no study regarding the life cycle assessment (LCA) of biomass-supported iron catalysts published in the literature. This study discusses a biomass-supported iron catalyst’s LCA for the conversion of syngas into a liquid fuel product. The waste biomass is one of the source of activated carbon (AC), and it has been used as a support for the catalyst. The FTS reactions are carried out in the fixed-bed reactor at low or high temperatures. The use of promoters in the preparation of catalysts usually enhances C5+ production. In this study, the collection of precise data from on-site laboratory conditions is of utmost importance to ensure the credibility and validity of the study’s outcomes. The environmental impact assessment modeling was carried out using the OpenLCA 1.10.3 software. The LCA results reveals that the synthesis process of iron-based biomass supported catalyst yields a total impact score in terms of global warming potential (GWP) of 1.235E + 01 kg CO2 equivalent. Within this process, the AC stage contributes 52% to the overall GWP, while the preparation stage for the catalyst precursor contributes 48%. The comprehensive evaluation of the iron-based biomass supported catalyst’s impact score in terms of human toxicity reveals a total score of 1.98E−02 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DB) equivalent.
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27.
  • Baloch, Naveed Khan, et al. (författare)
  • Defender : A Low Overhead and Efficient Fault-Tolerant Mechanism for Reliable on-Chip Router
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 142843-142854
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ever-shrinking size of a transistor has made Network on Chip (NoC) susceptible to faults. A single error in the NoC can disrupt the entire communication. In this paper, we introduce Defender, a fault-tolerant router architecture, that is capable of tolerating permanent faults in all the parts of the router. We intend to employ structural modifications in baseline router design to achieve fault tolerance. In Defender we provide the fault tolerance to the input ports and routing computation unit by grouping the neighboring ports together. Default winner strategy is used to provide fault resilience to the virtual channel arbiters and switch allocators. Multiple routes are provided to the crossbar to tolerate the faults. Defender provides improved fault tolerance to all stages of routers as compared to the currently prevailing fault tolerant router architectures. Reliability analysis using silicon protection factor (SPF) and Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) metrics confirms that our proposed design Defender is 10.78 times more reliable than baseline unprotected router and then the current state of the art architectures.
  •  
28.
  • Belvisi, Nicole Mariah Sharon, et al. (författare)
  • Forensic Authorship Analysis of Microblogging Texts Using N -Grams and Stylometric Features
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 2020 8th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF). - Piscataway : IEEE. - 9781728162331
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years, messages and text posted on the Internet are used in criminal investigations. Unfortunately, the authorship of many of them remains unknown. In some channels, the problem of establishing authorship may be even harder, since the length of digital texts is limited to a certain number of characters. In this work, we aim at identifying authors of tweet messages, which are limited to 280 characters. We evaluate popular features employed traditionally in authorship attribution which capture properties of the writing style at different levels. We use for our experiments a self-captured database of 40 users, with 120 to 200 tweets per user. Results using this small set are promising, with the different features providing a classification accuracy between 92% and 98.5%. These results are competitive in comparison to existing studies which employ short texts such as tweets or SMS. ©2020 IEEE 
  •  
29.
  • Berron, David, et al. (författare)
  • A remote digital memory composite to detect cognitive impairment in memory clinic samples in unsupervised settings using mobile devices
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: npj Digital Medicine. - 2398-6352. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Remote monitoring of cognition holds the promise to facilitate case-finding in clinical care and the individual detection of cognitive impairment in clinical and research settings. In the context of Alzheimer’s disease, this is particularly relevant for patients who seek medical advice due to memory problems. Here, we develop a remote digital memory composite (RDMC) score from an unsupervised remote cognitive assessment battery focused on episodic memory and long-term recall and assess its construct validity, retest reliability, and diagnostic accuracy when predicting MCI-grade impairment in a memory clinic sample and healthy controls. A total of 199 participants were recruited from three cohorts and included as healthy controls (n = 97), individuals with subjective cognitive decline (n = 59), or patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 43). Participants performed cognitive assessments in a fully remote and unsupervised setting via a smartphone app. The derived RDMC score is significantly correlated with the PACC5 score across participants and demonstrates good retest reliability. Diagnostic accuracy for discriminating memory impairment from no impairment is high (cross-validated AUC = 0.83, 95% CI [0.66, 0.99]) with a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.72. Thus, unsupervised remote cognitive assessments implemented in the neotiv digital platform show good discrimination between cognitively impaired and unimpaired individuals, further demonstrating that it is feasible to complement the neuropsychological assessment of episodic memory with unsupervised and remote assessments on mobile devices. This contributes to recent efforts to implement remote assessment of episodic memory for case-finding and monitoring in large research studies and clinical care.
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30.
  • Bilal, Muhammad Sajjad, et al. (författare)
  • Computational Investigation of 1, 3, 4 Oxadiazole Derivatives as Lead Inhibitors of VEGFR 2 in Comparison with EGFR : Density Functional Theory, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 12:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Gremlin has been proposed as a novel therapeutic pathway for the treatment of renal inflammatory diseases, acting via VEGFR 2 receptor. To date, most FDA-approved tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors have been reported as dual inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR 2. The aim of the present study was to find the potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFR 2 specifically for the treatment of renal cancer. Fourteen previously identified anti-inflammatory compounds i.e., 1, 3, 4 oxadiazoles derivatives by our own group were selected for their anti-cancer potential, targeting the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of VEGFR2 and EGFR. A detailed virtual screening-based study was designed viz density functional theory (DFT) study to find the compounds stability and reactivity, molecular docking for estimating binding affinity, SeeSAR analysis and molecular dynamic simulations to confirm protein ligand complex stability and ADMET properties to find the pharmacokinetic profile of all compounds. The DFT results suggested that among all the derivatives, the 7g, 7j, and 7l were chemically reactive and stable derivatives. The optimized structures obtained from the DFTs were further selected for molecular docking, and the results suggested that 7g, 7j and 7l derivatives as the best inhibitors of VEGFR 2 with binding energy values -46.32, -48.89 and -45.01 kJ/mol. The Estimated inhibition constant (IC50) of hit compound 7j (0.009 mu M) and simulation studies of its complexes confirms its high potency and best inhibitor of VEGFR2. All the derivatives were also docked with EGFR, where they showed weak binding energies and poor interactions, important compound 7g, 7j and 7i exhibited binding energy of -31.01, -33.23 and -34.19 kJ/mol respectively. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of the derivatives was confirmed by cell viability (MTT) assay using breast cancer and cervical cancer cell lines. At the end, the results of ADMET studies confirmed these derivatives as drug like candidates. Conclusively, the current study suggested substituted oxadiazoles as the potential anticancer compounds which exhibited more selectivity towards VEGFR2 in comparison to EGFR. Therefore, the identified lead molecules can be used for the synthesis of more potent derivatives of VEGFR2, along with extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments, that can be used to treat various cancers, especially renal cancers, and to prevent angiogenesis due to aberrant expression of VEGFR2.
  •  
31.
  • Dogar, Attiq Ur Rahman, et al. (författare)
  • Experimental investigations on inelastic behaviour and modified Gerber joint for double-span steel trapezoidal sheeting
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Structures. - : Elsevier. - 2352-0124. ; 24, s. 514-525
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cold-formed steel trapezoidal profiles provide efficient solutions for roofing and often use the Gerber joint to effectively utilize capacities. The previous design of Gerber joint was sensitive to uneven distribution of loads and accidental loads, which imposed bending moments in the joint and lead to its failure. In this experimental program, the design of Gerber joint has been modified to work as a hinge under service loads and carry moments in accidental conditions. Also, the design of CFS is based on elastic methods that underestimate their capacity, especially for multi-span systems. Full-scale tests were conducted on highly stiffened double-span trapezoidal sheeting profiles with modified Gerber joint to investigate elastic capacity, inelastic behaviour, moment redistribution in the post-elastic phase, ultimate load capacity and feasibility of modified Gerber joint. Comparison of elastic load capacity with EWM and DSM predictions revealed that EWM design predictions were conservative by 30% while DSM predictions were accurate. For multi-span application, residual moment capacity ratios of 0.76 and 0.81 in the post-elastic phase allowed for moment redistribution and increased ultimate load capacity by 7.14% and 8.80% for 0.85 mm and 1 mm thick profiles respectively. Performance of modified Gerber joint to behave as a hinge under service loads and as continuous in the post-elastic phase was also found to be satisfactory. The study concluded that the economy in design and capacity utilization of multi-span CFS profiles can be improved by allowing for moment redistribution and using the modified Gerber joint.
  •  
32.
  • Dong, Wenjing, et al. (författare)
  • All in One Multifunctional Perovskite Material for Next Generation SOFC
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 193, s. 225-230
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multifunctional roles of La0.2Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 (LSCT) perovskite material as anode, cathode, and electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) are discovered for the first time, and have been investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fuel cell (FC) measurements. LSCT resistance decreases prominently in FC environment as shown in this study. An improved performance was observed by compositing LSCT with samaria doped ceria (SDC) at 550 degrees C when the FC power density increased from tens of mW cm(-2) for the pure LSCT system up to hundreds of mW cm(-2). The improved conductivity of LSCT-SDC composite is highlighted. The multifunctionality of LSCT as cathode, anode and electrolyte could be attributed to different conducting behavior at high and low oxygen partial pressures and ionic conduction at intermediate oxygen partial pressures. These new discoveries not only indicate great potential for exploring multifunctional perovskites for the next generation SOFC, but also deepen SOFC science and develop new technologies.
  •  
33.
  • Fulati, Alimujiang, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • An intracellular glucose biosensor based on nanoflake ZnO
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 150:2, s. 673-680
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this study, an improved potentiometric intracellular glucose biosensor was fabricated with immobilization of glucose oxidase on a ZnO nanoporous material. The ZnO nanoporous material with a wall thickness around 200 nm was grown on the tip of a borosilicate glass capillary and used as a selective intracellular glucose sensor for the measurement of glucose concentrations in human adipocytes and frog oocytes. The results showed a fast response within 4 s and a linear glucosedependent electrochemical response over a wide range of glucose concentration (500 nM-10 mM). The measurements of intracellular glucose concentrations with our biosensor were consistent with the values of intracellular glucose concentrations reported in the literature. The sensor also demonstrated its capability by detecting an increase in the intracellular glucose concentration induced by insulin. We found that the ZnO nanoporous material provides sensitivity as high as 1.8 times higher than that obtained using ZnO nanorods under the same conditions. Moreover, the fabrication method in our experiment is simple and the excellent performance of the developed nanosensor in sensitivity, stability, selectivity, reproducibility and anti-interference was achieved. All these advantageous features of this intracellular glucose biosensor based on functionalised ZnO nanoporous material compared to ZnO nanorods demonstrate a promising way of enhancing glucose biosensor performance to measure reliable intracellular glucose concentrations within single living cells.
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34.
  • Khan, Tahir Naeem, et al. (författare)
  • Evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance in SPG3A caused by homozygosity for a novel ATL1 missense mutation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 22:10, s. 1180-1184
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Autosomal dominant and 'pure' forms of HSP account for similar to 80% of cases in Western societies of whom 10% carry atlastin-1 (ATL1) gene mutations. We report on a large consanguineous family segregating six members with early onset HSP. The pedigree was compatible with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. Whole-exome sequencing and segregation analysis revealed a homozygous novel missense variant c.353G>A, p.(Arg118Gln) in ATL1 in all six affected family members. Seven heterozygous carriers, five females and two males, showed no clinical signs of HSP with the exception of sub-clinically reduced vibration sensation in one adult female. Our combined findings show that homozygosity for the ATL1 missense variant remains the only plausible cause of HSP, whereas heterozygous carriers are asymptomatic. This apparent autosomal recessive inheritance adds to the clinical complexity of spastic paraplegia 3A and calls for caution using directed genetic screening in HSP.
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35.
  • Klar, Joakim, et al. (författare)
  • Abolished InsP3R2 function inhibits sweat secretion in both humans and mice
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 124:11, s. 4773-4780
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are 3 major sweat-producing glands present in skin; eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine glands. Due to the high rate of secretion, eccrine sweating is a vital regulator of body temperature in response to thermal stress in humans; therefore, an inability to sweat (anhidrosis) results in heat intolerance that may cause impaired consciousness and death. Here, we have reported 5 members of a consanguineous family with generalized, isolated anhidrosis, but morphologically normal eccrine sweat glands. Whole-genome analysis identified the presence of a homozygous missense mutation in ITPR2, which encodes the type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R2), that was present in all affected family members. We determined that the mutation is localized within the pore forming region of InsP3R2 and abrogates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, which suggests that intracellular Ca2+ release by InsP3R2 in clear cells of the sweat glands is important for eccrine sweat production. Itpr2–/– mice exhibited a marked reduction in sweat secretion, and evaluation of sweat glands from Itpr2–/– animals revealed a decrease in Ca2+ response compared with controls. Together, our data indicate that loss of InsP3R2-mediated Ca2+ release causes isolated anhidrosis in humans and suggest that specific InsP3R inhibitors have the potential to reduce sweat production in hyperhidrosis.
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36.
  • Mahajan, Anubha, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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37.
  • Malik, Naveed ur Rehman, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Challenges of Real-Time Parameter Estimation of a DFIG using Synchrophasors
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 2015 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (IEEE EEEIC 2015). - : IEEE. - 9781479979929 ; , s. 1939-1944
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper explores the challenges faced during the utilization of synchrophasors received from PMUs in order to estimate the parameters of a DFIG in a real-time. PMUs are installed at the stator and rotor terminals of an 11-KVA DFIG, in order to provide high resolution synchrophasor data at a reporting rate of 50 msgs/sec. These synchrophasors are processed in real-time using an embedded controller in order to measure and estimate the internal parameters of the generator, i.e., magnetization and leakage inductances. Closed-loop variable speed drive, active power and reactive power controls are implemented for the DFIG. This paper discusses the laboratory setup, control and parameter estimation experiments carried out on the DFIG. The testing process, challenges faced, and overall experimental findings are also presented.
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38.
  • Muhammad, Naveed, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptive warning fields for warehouse AGVs
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). - : IEEE. - 9781728129891 - 9781728129907 ; , s. 1-8
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AGV (automated guided vehicle) systems are extensively used in factory and warehouse environments. As most of these environments employ a mix of AGVs, manually driven vehicles, and human workers, safety is an important subject. Current AGV systems employ safety fields and laser scanners to ensure safety in their environments. These fields however are often primitive and do not take into account future AGVtrajectory or intentions of agents in their vicinity. This results in inefficient operation of such AGVs. We propose a three-layered architecture that consists of safety fields that are formed around immediate future trajectory of AGV as well as on the predicted intention of an agent in AGV vicinity, resulting in more efficient AGV behaviour. Results are presented using real laser data from a small-sized lab AGV as well as an industrial forklift truck.
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39.
  • Muhammad, Naveed, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Intention Estimation Using Set of Reference Trajectories as Behaviour Model
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Sensors. - Basel : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 18:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Autonomous robotic systems operating in the vicinity of other agents, such as humans, manually driven vehicles and other robots, can model the behaviour and estimate intentions of the other agents to enhance efficiency of their operation, while preserving safety. We propose a data-driven approach to model the behaviour of other agents, which is based on a set of trajectories navigated by other agents. Then, to evaluate the proposed behaviour modelling approach, we propose and compare two methods for agent intention estimation based on: (i) particle filtering; and (ii) decision trees. The proposed methods were validated using three datasets that consist of real-world bicycle and car trajectories in two different scenarios, at a roundabout and at a t-junction with a pedestrian crossing. The results validate the utility of the data-driven behaviour model, and show that decision-tree based intention estimation works better on a binary-class problem, whereas the particle-filter based technique performs better on a multi-class problem, such as the roundabout, where the method yielded an average gain of 14.88 m for correct intention estimation locations compared to the decision-tree based method. © 2018 by the authors
  •  
40.
  • Muhammad, Naveed, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Predicting Agent Behaviour and State for Applications in a Roundabout-Scenario Autonomous Driving
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sensors. - Basel : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 19:19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As human drivers, we instinctively employ our understanding of other road users' behaviour for enhanced efficiency of our drive and safety of the traffic. In recent years, different aspects of assisted and autonomous driving have gotten a lot of attention from the research and industrial community, including the aspects of behaviour modelling and prediction of future state. In this paper, we address the problem of modelling and predicting agent behaviour and state in a roundabout traffic scenario. We present three ways of modelling traffic in a roundabout based on: (i) the roundabout geometry; (ii) mean path taken by vehicles inside the roundabout; and (iii) a set of reference trajectories traversed by vehicles inside the roundabout. The roundabout models are compared in terms of exit-direction classification and state (i.e., position inside the roundabout) prediction of query vehicles inside the roundabout. The exit-direction classification and state prediction are based on a particle-filter classifier algorithm. The results show that the roundabout model based on set of reference trajectories is better suited for both the exit-direction and state prediction.
  •  
41.
  • Mumtaz, Nadia, et al. (författare)
  • An overview of violence detection techniques : current challenges and future directions
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence Review. - Dordrecht : Springer Nature. - 0269-2821 .- 1573-7462. ; 56, s. 4641-4666
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Big Video Data generated in today’s smart cities has raised concerns from its purposeful usage perspective, where surveillance cameras, among many others are the most prominent resources to contribute to the huge volumes of data, making its automated analysis adifcult task in terms of computation and preciseness. Violence detection (VD), broadly plunging under action and activity recognition domain, is used to analyze Big Video data for anomalous actions incurred due to humans. The VD literature is traditionally basedon manually engineered features, though advancements to deep learning based standalone models are developed for real-time VD analysis. This paper focuses on overview of deepsequence learning approaches along with localization strategies of the detected violence.This overview also dives into the initial image processing and machine learning-based VD literature and their possible advantages such as efciency against the current complex models. Furthermore,the datasets are discussed, to provide an analysis of the current models, explaining their pros and cons with future directions in VD domain derived from anin-depth analysis of the previous methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022.
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42.
  • Mushtaq, Naveed, et al. (författare)
  • Tuning the Energy Band Structure at Interfaces of the SrFe0.75Ti0.25O3-delta-Sm0.25Ce0.75O2-delta Heterostructure for Fast Ionic Transport
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:42, s. 38737-38745
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Interface engineering holds huge potential for enabling exceptional physical properties in heterostructure materials via tuning properties at the atomic level. In this study, a heterostructure built by a new redox stable semiconductor SrFe0.75Ti0.25O3-delta (SFT) and an ionic conductor Sm0.25Ce0.75O2 (SDC) is reported. The SFT-SDC heterostructure exhibits a high ionic conductivity >0.1 S/cm at 520 degrees C, which is 1 order of magnitude higher than that of bulk SDC. When it was applied into the fuel cell, the SFT-SDC can realize favorable electrolyte functionality and result in an excellent power density of 920 mW cm(-2) at 520 degrees C. The prepared SFT-SDC heterostructure materials possess both electronic and ionic conduction, where electron states modulate local electrical field to facilitate ion transport. Further investigations to calculate the structure and electronic structure/state of SFT and SDC are done using density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the reconstruction of the energy band at interfaces is responsible for such enhanced ionic conductivity and cell power output. The current study about the perovskite-based heterostructure presents a novel strategy for developing advanced ceramic fuel cells.
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43.
  • Nawaz, Sadia, et al. (författare)
  • Non-bullous congentital ichthyosiform erythroderma associated with homozygosity for a novel missense mutation in an ATP binding domain of ABCA12
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: EJD. European journal of dermatology. - : John Libbey Eurotext. - 1167-1122 .- 1952-4013. ; 22:2, s. 178-181
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A Mutations in the gene encoding the ABCA12 protein are associated with different subtypes of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI), including Harlequin ichthyosis (HI), lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE). Disruption of ABCA12 lead to perturbed lipid transport in lamellar granules and a defective intercellular lipid layer of the stratum corneum. We have identified a large consanguineous Pakistani family affected by NCIE. Autozygosity mapping showed that affected individuals are homozygous for the ABCA12 gene region. Subsequent mutation screening revealed a homozygous c.4676G>T transition in all five affected family members. The mutation results in a novel p.G1559V substitution within the first nucleotide binding domain of ABCA12. The combined results support that an ABCA12 missense mutation, despite its location in a functional domain, may be associated with a mild ichthyosis phenotype. Furthermore, our findings increase the mutational spectrum in ABCA12 associated with ARCI of diagnostic and prognostic importance.
  •  
44.
  • Nazir, Uzma, et al. (författare)
  • Biferrocenyl Schiff bases as efficient corrosion inhibitors for an aluminium alloy in HCl solution : a combined experimental and theoretical study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 10:13, s. 7585-7599
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The corrosion inhibitive capabilities of some ferrocene-based Schiff bases on aluminium alloy AA2219-T6 in acidic medium were investigated using Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), weight loss measurement, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. The influence of molecular configuration on the corrosion inhibition behavior has been explored by quantum chemical calculation. Ferrocenyl Schiff bases 4,4′-((((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bisferrocene (Fcua), 4,4′-((((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2-methoxy-1,4-phenylene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bisferrocene (Fcub) and 4,4′-((((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2-ethoxy-1,4-phenylene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))bisferrocene (Fcuc) have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies. These compounds showed a substantial corrosion inhibition against aluminium alloy in 0.1 M of HCl at 298 K. Fcub and Fcuc showed better anticorrosion efficiency as compared with Fcua due to the electron donating methoxy and ethoxy group substitutions, respectively. Polarization curves also indicated that the studied biferrocenyl Schiff bases were mixed type anticorrosive materials. The inhibition of the aluminium alloy surface by biferrocenyl Schiff bases was evidenced through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Semi-empirical quantum mechanical studies revealed a correlation between corrosion inhibition efficiency and structural functionalities.
  •  
45.
  • Saadi, Saadia Maryam, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic Investigation of Consanguineous Pakistani Families Segregating Rare Spinocerebellar Disorders
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 14:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spinocerebellar disorders are a vast group of rare neurogenetic conditions, generally characterized by overlapping clinical symptoms including progressive cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, cognitive deficiencies, skeletal/muscular and ocular abnormalities. The objective of the present study is to identify the underlying genetic causes of the rare spinocerebellar disorders in the Pakistani population. Herein, nine consanguineous families presenting different spinocerebellar phenotypes have been investigated using whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed for segregation analysis in all the available individuals of each family. The molecular analysis of these families identified six novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants; ZFYVE26: c.1093del, SACS: c.1201C>T, BICD2: c.2156A>T, ALS2: c.2171-3T>G, ALS2: c.3145T>A, and B4GALNT1: c.334_335dup, and three already reported pathogenic variants; FA2H: c.159_176del, APTX: c.689T>G, and SETX: c.5308_5311del. The clinical features of all patients in each family are concurrent with the already reported cases. Hence, the current study expands the mutation spectrum of rare spinocerebellar disorders and implies the usefulness of next-generation sequencing in combination with clinical investigation for better diagnosis of these overlapping phenotypes.
  •  
46.
  • Shafa, Muhammad, et al. (författare)
  • Flexible infrared photodetector based on indium antimonide nanowire arrays
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : NLM (Medline). - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 32:27
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Narrow bandgap semiconductors like indium antimonide (InSb) are very suitable for high-performance room temperature infrared photodetectors, but the fragile nature of the wafer materials hinders their application as flexible/wearable devices. Here, we present a method to fabricate a photodetector device of assembled crystalline InSb nanowire (NW) arrays on a flexible substrate that balances high performance and flexibility, facilitating its application in wearable devices. The InSb NWs were synthesized by means of a vapor-liquid-solid technique, with gold nanoclusters as seeding particles. The morphological and crystal properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the unique spike shape and high crystallinity with (111) and (220) planes of InSb NWs. The flexible infrared photodetector devices were fabricated by transferring the NWs onto transparent and stretchable polydimethylsiloxane substrate with pre-deposited gold electrodes. Current versus time measurement of the photodetector devices under light showed photoresponsivity and sensitivity to mid-infrared at bias as low as 0.1 V while attached to curved surfaces (suitable for skin implants). A high-performance NW device yielded efficient rise and decay times down to 1 s and short time lag for infrared detection. Based on dark current, calculated specific detectivity of the flexible photodetector was 1.4 × 1012Jones. The performance and durability render such devices promising for use as wearable infrared photodetectors.
  •  
47.
  • Ul Hassan Alvi, Naveed, et al. (författare)
  • Junction temperature in n-ZnO nanorods/(p-4H-SiC, p-GaN, and p-Si) heterojunction light emitting diodes
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 54:5, s. 536-540
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The junction temperature of n-ZnO nanorods/(p-4H-SiC, p-GaN, and p-Si) heterojunction light emitting diodes (LEDs) at built-in potential was modeled and experiments were performed at various temperatures (15-65 degrees C) to validate the model. As the LEDs operate near the built-in potential thats why it is interesting to investigate the temperature coefficient of forward voltage near the built-in potential (similar to V-o). The model and experimental values of the temperature coefficient of forward voltage near the built-in potential (similar to V-o) were compared. We measured the experimental temperature coefficient of the series resistance. By including the temperature coefficient of the series resistance in the model, the theoretical and experimental values become very close to each other. It was found that the series resistance has the main contribution in the junction temperature of our devices. We also measured the junction temperature above the built-in potential and found that the model deviates at higher forward voltage. From this observation we concluded that the model is applicable for low power devices, operated near the built-in potential.
  •  
48.
  • Ullah, Zia, et al. (författare)
  • Achieving organizational social sustainability through electronic performance appraisal systems : The moderating influence of transformational leadership
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organizational sustainability is the reality which is considered essential for the success of all kind of organizations. Researchers and academicians struggle to conceptualize this phenomenon while practitioners endeavor to achieve it on the ground. Much has been done in resource-affluent countries of the world, whereas in the least developed countries, social sustainability is now becoming a new normal. The purpose of this research was to understand the social perspective of organizational sustainability and the roles of electronic performance appraisal and transformational leadership in shaping it. Data were collected from the healthcare sector through the administration of close-ended questionnaires to a randomly selected sample; 320 out of 400 questionnaires with an acceptable degree of accuracy were selected for statistical treatment. Inferential statistics were applied using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results confirmed the existence of definite contributions of the electronic performance appraisal system and transformational leadership towards organizational sustainability. However, our findings surprisingly ruled out the moderating role of transformational leadership on the cause and effect relationship between electronic performance appraisal and organizational social sustainability. In the face of a scarcity of related literature in the given context and due to the partial novelty of the model, the findings of this study add significantly to the existing bank of literature in the field. It will also be handy for the guidance of practitioners who are engaged in sustainability management.
  •  
49.
  • Ullah, Zia, et al. (författare)
  • Perceived accuracy of electronic performance appraisal systems : The case of a non‐for‐profit organization from an emerging economy
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Performance appraisal reports provide vital information for making strategic decisions. Uniting HR practices and IT is an attempt to maximize value creation. Organizations are transforming their performance management systems from traditional to web‐technology based systems to enhance accuracy and objectivity. The present study is an effort to assess employees’ perception of the accuracy of e‐performance appraisal systems. To that effect, 500 close‐ended questionnaires were administered to randomly selected employees working for a non‐for‐profit organization where e‐performance appraisal is practiced. A total of 352 questionnaires were included for analysis and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that rater competence and the possibility to challenge performance appraisals judged as unfair or inaccurate highly influence the employees’ perception of accuracy of e‐performance appraisals. Furthermore, a clear communication of standards and the reaction to the last rating moderately affect the employees’ perception of the accuracy of e‐PA.
  •  
50.
  • Willander, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Intrinsic White Light Emission from Zinc Oxide Nanorods Heterojunctions on Large Area Substrates
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE Volume 7940. - Bellingham, Washington, USA : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819484772
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Zinc oxide (ZnO) and especially in the nanostructure form is currently being intensively investigated world wide for the possibility of developing different new photonic devices. We will here present our recent findings on the controlled low temperature chemical growth of ZnO nanorods (NRs) on different large area substrates. Many different heterojunctions of ZnO NRs and p-substrates including those of crystalline e. g. p-GaN, p-SiC or amorphous nature e. g. p-polymer coated plastic and p-polymer coated paper will be shown. Moreover, the effect of the p-electrode of these heterojunctions on tuning the emitted wavelength and changing the light quality will be discussed. An example using ZnO NR/p-GaN will be shown and the electrical and electro-optical characteristics will be analyzed. For these heterojunctions the effect of post growth annealing and its effect on the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum will be shown. Finally, intrinsic white light emitting diodes based on ZnO NRs on foldable and disposable amorphous substrates (plastic and paper) will also be presented.
  •  
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