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- NAVIKAS, V, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine mRNA profiles in mononuclear cells in acute aseptic meningoencephalitis
- 1995
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Ingår i: Infection and immunity. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 63:4, s. 1581-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytokines are important modulators of inflammation and immune responses. Using in situ hybridization with radiolabelled cDNA oligonucleotide probes, we studied the expression of mRNA encoding the cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin, and perforin in mononuclear cells (MNC) from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute aseptic meningoencephalitis (AM) and from blood of healthy controls. Patients in the acute phase of AM had elevated numbers of IFN-gamma mRNA-expressing cells in the blood compared with that of controls and higher numbers of IFN-gamma mRNA-expressing cells in their CSF compared with that of convalescent-phase patients, which is in accordance with the antiviral effects of this cytokine. Upregulation of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 was found in convalescent-phase patients, which is consistent with the longstanding B-cell response found in AM. TGF-beta and perforin were upregulated in both stages of AM, while the numbers of blood and CSF MNC expressing cytokine mRNA of the TNF family (TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin) did not differ between patients with AM and controls. An even higher elevation in CSF was noticed for MNC expressing most of the cytokines, particularly IL-4 and TGF-beta, reflecting the autonomy of the immune response in the CSF. The definition of cytokine profiles in AM, a self-limiting and benign disease, provides a foundation for future comparisons with other infectious and inflammatory nervous system diseases.
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- Söderström, M, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TGF-beta in multiple sclerosis in relation to HLA-Dw2 phenotype and stage of disease
- 1995
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 1:3, s. 173-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with upregulation of both proinflammatory (interferonγ, IFNγ) and immunosuppressive (transforming growth factorβ, TGFβ) cytokines. To examine a possible relation between the MS-related HLA haplotype Dw2 and cytokine prof iles, we used in situ hybridization with labeled cDNA oligonucleotide probes to detect transcripts of the T helper type I (ThI) cell related IFNγ, the Th2 cell related interleukin-4 (IL-4) and of TGFβ in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mononuclear cells from 62 patients with MS. Compared to patients with other neurological diseases and healthy controls, MS patients had elevated numbers of IFNγ, IL-4 and TGFβ mRNA expressing cells in blood and further augmented in CSF. Although several HLA-Dw2-positive individuals showed very high numbers of cells expressing these cytokines, no significant difference was found in comparison with Dw2-negative patients. However, expression of IL-4 and TGFβ mRNA was significantly increased in patients with shorter duration and minor disability and, for IL-4, in patients still in the relapsing-remitting phase compared to patients with secondary chronic progressive MS. Surprisingly, these changes which favour a beneficial, disease-downregulating effect of IL-4 and TGFβ in MS, were found to be confined to HLA-Dw2-positive patients. Our findings suggest that the HLA phenotype does not influence the overall level of immune reactivity in MS, but may distinguish subgroups characterized by particular cytokine expression patterns.
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