| 1. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 2. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Przewłoka, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Silver Nanowire Layers in the Terahertz Frequency Range
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944. ; 14:23, s. 7399-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin layers of silver nanowires are commonly studied for transparent electronics. However, reports of their terahertz (THz) properties are scarce. Here, we present the electrical and optical properties of thin silver nanowire layers with increasing densities at THz frequencies. We demonstrate that the absorbance, transmittance and reflectance of the metal nanowire layers in the frequency range of 0.2 THz to 1.3 THz is non-monotonic and depends on the nanowire dimensions and filling factor. We also present and validate a theoretical approach describing well the experimental results and allowing the fitting of the THz response of the nanowire layers by a Drude–Smith model of conductivity. Our results pave the way toward the application of silver nanowires as a prospective material for transparent and conductive coatings, and printable antennas operating in the terahertz range—significant for future wireless communication devices.
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| 5. |
- Przewłoka, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Terahertz conductivity of silver nanowire networks
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Silver nanowires are an excellent candidate as highly conductive material for applications in flexible and transparent electronics such as solar cells, displays, and antennas. This paper reports on the electronic properties of thin silver nanowire networks with varying geometries and densities of the nanowires in the sub-terahertz range (0.2 THz to 1.2 THz) using time-domain and frequency-domain spectroscopies. The THz conductivity is extracted from transmission measurements and a modified Drude-Smith model is proposed to describe the conductivity of the networks. The low-density networks follow the Drude-Smith conductivity with the backscattering parameter close to -1, while the high-density networks form a semicontinuous metallic layer with a Drude-like response. The demonstrated approach is relevant for characterizing conductive nanomaterials in order to design novel THz optoelectronic devices.
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| 6. |
- Smirnov, Serguei, et al.
(författare)
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Sub‐THz Phase Shifters Enabled by Photoconductive Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Layers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Photonics Research. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2699-9293 .- 2699-9293. ; , s. 2200042-2200042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Materials with tunable dielectric properties are highly relevant for terahertz (THz) applications. Herein, the tuning of the dielectric response of single-walled carbon nanotube layers by light illumination is studied for applications to THz phase shifters. The dependence of the length of individual nanotubes on the THz photoconductivity of the network is experimentally investigated in the frequency range of 0.2–1 THz by time-domain spectroscopy (TDS). The effective conductivity of the networks is described by a theoretical model that fits the measured dielectric function. Terahertz phase shifters are realized with the carbon nanotube layers as the optically tunable element deposited on the wall of rectangular dielectric waveguides. The phase of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide is shown to be tunable by illuminating the nanotubes. A linear phase shift with the frequency is measured between 75 and 500 GHz with a low change in amplitude due to the illumination.
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