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- Zachrisson, Helene, et al.
(author)
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Diameter and compliance of the greater saphenous vein - effect of age and nitroglycerine
- 2011
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In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:4, s. 300-306
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: The greater saphenous vein (GSV) is commonly used in autologous vein graft surgery. GSV diameter has proven to influence graft patency, and furthermore venous compliance might be of importance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of age on GSV diameter and compliance, and to evaluate the effect of nitroglycerine (NTG). Methods: The diameter and compliance of the GSV, with and without NTG, were examined with B-mode ultrasound in 12 elderly (70.3 +/- 1.2 year) and 15 young (25.1 +/- 0.6 year) men. The GSV diameter at the thigh and calf level was measured at rest, after 6 min of venous stasis (60 mmHg) and after NTG administration. Pressure-area curves during a linear venous pressure decrease were produced. Venous compliance was calculated using the quadratic regression equation (area) = beta(0) + beta(1) (cuff pressure) + beta(2) (cuff pressure)(2). Results: GVS diameter between the groups showed significant lower diameter in elderly compared to young men (Pless than0.05). Venous occlusion increased GSV diameter in elderly men (Pless than0.01) as well as young men (Pless than0.001). NTG increased GSV diameter in elderly men (Pless than0.01) with an equal trend in young men. During venous occlusion, after administration of NTG, GSV diameter increased further in both elderly (Pless than0.01) and young men (Pless than0.001). GSV compliance was decreased in elderly (beta(1), 0.037 +/- 0019, beta(2), -0.000064 +/- 00017) versus young men (beta(1), 0.128 +/- 0.013, beta(2), -0.00010 +/- 000018) [Pless than0.001 (beta(1)), Pless than0.02 (beta(2))]. Conclusions: Baseline GSV diameter as well as GSV compliance is decreased in elderly men compared to the young subjects. As reduced GSV diameter as well as reduced compliance is related to decreased graft patency, these findings might be of importance for the uses of GSV as graft material in cardiovascular bypass surgery. The clinical value has to be clarified in future studies.
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- Bengtsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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A blinded validation of the Swedish version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS)
- 2022
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 76:1, s. 44-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) was developed in order to advance the assessment of negative symptoms. The aim of this study was to validate the Swedish version of the CAINS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four out-patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were recruited. All patients were videotaped while interviewed with the CAINS and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Another rater watched the video recordings in the reverse order, enabling a blinded design. The patients also filled in self-reported measures of depression, quality of life, and social and vocational functioning. We calculated inter-rater agreement and internal consistency for the CAINS. We also calculated validity measures by correlating the subscales Motivation and Pleasure (CAINS-MAP) and Expression (CAINS-EXP) to subscales of the BPRS. RESULTS: The blinded inter-rater agreement for the CAINS total score was high (ICC = 0.92) but slightly lower for the expression subscale (ICC = 0.76). Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 for the total score. Convergent validity with the negative symptoms subscale of BPRS was different for the blinded and the unblinded data, with a CAINS-MAP correlation of 0.10 (p = 0.580) and a CAINS-EXP correlation of 0.48 (p = 0.004) in the blinded data. The unblinded data had a CAINS-MAP correlation of 0.38 (p = 0.026) and a CAINS-EXP correlation of 0.87 (p < 0.001). Self-rated measures of anhedonia correlated to CAINS-MAP with a coefficient of 0.68 (p < 0.001), while the CAINS-EXP only had a correlation of 0.16 (p = 0.366) to these measures. CONCLUSION: The Swedish version of the CAINS displays adequate psychometric properties in line with earlier validation studies.
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- Neider, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Risk factors for suicide among patients with schizophrenia : a cohort study focused on cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
- 2016
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In: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - 1176-6328 .- 1178-2021. ; 12, s. 1711-1714
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bullying, and later suicide among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Ninety-nine patients with schizophrenia were included. Correlations of clinical factors, 5-HIAA and HVA, and later suicide were investigated. Results: Twelve patients committed suicide (12%) during a 28-year follow-up period. Later suicide was correlated to bullying in childhood (P=0.02) and a lower quotient of HVA/5-HIAA in CSF (P<0.05). Conclusion: Suicide in schizophrenia is related to childhood exposedness and CSF neurotransmitter levels.
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