| 1. |
- Benedict, G. Fritz, et al.
(författare)
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Distance scale zero points from galactic RR Lyrae star parallaxes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 142:6, s. 187-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new absolute trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions for seven Population II variable stars-five RR Lyr variables: RZ Cep, XZ Cyg, SU Dra, RR Lyr, and UV Oct; and two type 2 Cepheids: VY Pyx and kappa Pav. We obtained these results with astrometric data from Fine Guidance Sensors, white-light interferometers on Hubble Space Telescope. We find absolute parallaxes in milliseconds of arc: RZ Cep, 2.12 +/- 0.16 mas; XZ Cyg, 1.67 +/- 0.17 mas; SU Dra, 1.42 +/- 0.16 mas; RR Lyr, 3.77 +/- 0.13 mas; UV Oct, 1.71 +/- 0.10 mas; VY Pyx, 6.44 +/- 0.23 mas; and. Pav, 5.57 +/- 0.28 mas; an average sigma(pi)/pi = 5.4%. With these parallaxes, we compute absolute magnitudes in V and K bandpasses corrected for interstellar extinction and Lutz-Kelker-Hanson bias. Using these RR Lyrae variable star absolute magnitudes, we then derive zero points for M(V)-[Fe/H] and M(K)-[Fe/H]-log P relations. The technique of reduced parallaxes corroborates these results. We employ our new results to determine distances and ages of several Galactic globular clusters and the distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The latter is close to that previously derived from Classical Cepheids uncorrected for any metallicity effect, indicating that any such effect is small. We also discuss the somewhat puzzling results obtained for our two type 2 Cepheids.
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| 2. |
- Fetty, Lukas, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating conditional GAN performance with different generator architectures, an ensemble model, and different MR scanners for MR-sCT conversion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 65:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in magnetic resonance (MR) to synthetic computed tomography (sCT) conversion have shown that treatment planning is possible without an initial planning CT. Promising conversion results have been demonstrated recently using conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs). However, the performance is generally only tested on images from one MR scanner, which neglects the potential of neural networks to find general high-level abstract features. In this study, we explored the generalizability of the generator models, trained on a single field strength scanner, to data acquired with higher field strengths. T2-weighted 0.35T MRIs and CTs from 51 patients treated for prostate (40) and cervical cancer (11) were included. 25 of them were used to train four different generators (SE-ResNet, DenseNet, U-Net, and Embedded Net). Further, an ensemble model was created from the four network outputs. The models were validated on 16 patients from a 0.35T MR scanner. Further, the trained models were tested on the Gold Atlas dataset, containing T2-weighted MR scans of different field strengths; 1.5T(7) and 3T(12), and 10 patients from the 0.35T scanner. The sCTs were dosimetrically compared using clinical VMAT plans for all test patients. For the same scanner (0.35T), the results from the different models were comparable on the test set, with only minor differences in the mean absolute error (MAE) (35-51HU body). Similar results were obtained for conversions of 3T GE Signa and the 3T GE Discovery images (40-62HU MAE) for three of the models. However, larger differences were observed for the 1.5T images (48-65HU MAE). The overall best model was found to be the ensemble model. All dose differences were below 1%. This study shows that it is possible to generalize models trained on images of one scanner to other scanners and different field strengths. The best metric results were achieved by the combination of all networks.
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| 3. |
- Zimmermann, Lukas, et al.
(författare)
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An MR-only acquisition and artificial intelligence based image-processing protocol for photon and proton therapy using a low field MR
- 2021
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik. - : Elsevier. - 0939-3889 .- 1876-4436. ; 31:1, s. 78-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Recent developments on synthetically generated CTs (sCT), hybrid MRI linacs and MR-only simulations underlined the clinical feasibility and acceptance of MR guided radiation therapy. However, considering clinical application of open and low field MR with a limited field of view can result in truncation of the patient's anatomy which further affects the MR to sCT conversion. In this study an acquisition protocol and subsequent MR image stitching is proposed to overcome the limited field of view restriction of open MR scanners, for MR-only photon and proton therapy.Material and Methods: 12 prostate cancer patients scanned with an open 0.35T scanner were included. To obtain the full body contour an enhanced imaging protocol including two repeated scans after bilateral table movement was introduced. All required structures (patient contour, target and organ at risk) were delineated on a post-processed combined transversal image set (stitched MRI). The postprocessed MR was converted into a sCT by a pretrained neural network generator. Inversely planned photon and proton plans (VMAT and SFUD) were designed using the sCT and recalculated for rigidly and deformably registered CT images and compared based on D2%, D50%, V70 Gy for organs at risk and based on D2%, D50%, D98% for the CTV and PTV. The stitched MRI and the untruncated MRI were compared to the CT, and the maximum surface distance was calculated. The sCT was evaluated with respect to delineation accuracy by comparing on stitched MRI and sCT using the DICE coefficient for femoral bones and the whole body.Results: Maximum surface distance analysis revealed uncertainties in lateral direction of 1–3 mm on average. DICE coefficient analysis confirms good performance of the sCT conversion, i.e. 92%, 93%, and 100% were obtained for femoral bone left and right and whole body. Dose comparison resulted in uncertainties below 1% between deformed CT and sCT and below 2% between rigidly registered CT and sCT in the CTV for photon and proton treatment plans.Discussion: A newly developed acquisition protocol for open MR scanners and subsequent Sct generation revealed good acceptance for photon and proton therapy. Moreover, this protocol tackles the restriction of the limited FOVs and expands the capacities towards MR guided proton therapy with horizontal beam lines.
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