| 1. |
- Alisic, S., et al.
(författare)
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Final report on EURAMET comparison on 1 kg stainless steel mass standards
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metrologia. - : Institute of Physics Publishing. - 0026-1394 .- 1681-7575. ; 57:1 A
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to demonstrate the equivalence in calibration of mass standards among National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) of EURAMET this key comparison (KC) on 1 kg stainless steel mass standards has been carried out under the auspices of EURAMET. The comparison was undertaken with reference to the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) as the definition of the unit of mass. The overall result shows good consistency among the participants. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Auranen, K., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of isomeric intruder 1/2(+) states in At-197,At-203
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 95:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A newly observed isomeric intruder 1/2(+) state [T-1/2 = 3.5( 6) ms] is identified in At-203 using a gas-filled recoil separator and fusion-evaporation reactions. The isomer is depopulated through a cascade of E3 and mixed M1/E2 transitions to the 9/2(-) ground state, and it is suggested to originate from the pi(s(1/2))(-1) configuration. In addition, the structures above the 1/2(+) state in At-203 and At-197 are studied using in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy, recoil-decay tagging, and recoil-isomer decay tagging methods. The 1/2(+) state is fed from 3/2(+) and 5/2(+) states, and the origin of these states are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Auranen, K., et al.
(författare)
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Prompt and delayed spectroscopy of At-203 : Observation of a shears band and a 29/2(+) isomeric state
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 97:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using fusion-evaporation reactions, a gas-filled recoil separator, recoil-gating technique and recoil-isomer decay tagging technique we have extended the level scheme of At-203 (N = 118) significantly. We have observed an isomeric [tau = 14.1(3) mu s] state with a spin and parity of 29/2(+). The isomeric state is suggested to originate from the pi(h(9/2)) circle times |Po-202; 11(-)> coupling, and it is depopulated through 286 keV E2 and 366 keV E3 transitions. In addition, we have observed a cascade of magnetic-dipole transitions which is suggested to be generated by the shears mechanism.
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| 6. |
- de Huu, M., et al.
(författare)
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Design of gravimetric primary standards for field-testing of hydrogen refuelling stations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0955-5986 .- 1873-6998. ; 73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Federal Institute of Metrology METAS developed a Hydrogen Field Test Standard (HFTS) that can be used for field verification and calibration of hydrogen refuelling stations. The testing method is based on the gravimetric principle. The experimental design of the HFTS as well as the description of the method are presented here. The HFTS has been tested at METAS with nitrogen gas at −40 °C to mimic a refuelling process in the field. Laboratory tests have shown that icing on the pipes of the HFTS have a non-negligible impact on the results. Field-testing with the HFTS has also been performed at the Empa hydrogen refuelling station with hydrogen at up to 70 MPa. The major uncertainty components have been identified and assigned values. The required expanded uncertainty of 0.3% could be achieved. A detailed uncertainty budget has been presented and shows that the scale is the largest contributor; buoyancy corrections only play a minor role. For the lowest uncertainty measurements, appropriate waiting times or cleaning methods to get rid of icing are required. © 2020 The Authors
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahonen-Jonnarth, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nickel and copper on growth and mycorrhiza of Scots pine seedlings inoculated with Gremmeniella abietina
- 2004
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Ingår i: Forest Pathology. - : Wiley. - 1437-4781 .- 1439-0329. ; 34:6, s. 337-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings were planted in soil originating from two localities with different background levels of nickel and copper. In addition, some of the seedlings were exposed to additional nickel (20.5 mg Ni/l of soil) or copper (63.5 mg Cu/l of soil), or a combination of both Ni and Cu, via soil without direct shoot exposure during their second growing period. The seedlings were either irrigated with spring water (pH 6) or got only natural rain during the whole field experiment. All seedlings were inoculated with conidia of a shoot-pathogen Gremmeniella abietina during their third growing season, and harvested the following spring. Lengths of shoots of different year-classes were used as growth estimates. In roots, the proportion of fungal (assumedly mycorrhizal) biomass was estimated by measuring ergosterol concentration. Guajacol peroxidase activity was measured. Short roots were classified into two groups according to their condition and the composition of the mycorrhizal community was expressed as a proportion of morphotypes in the roots. The seedlings exposed to additional Ni had higher shoot growth than the seedlings in the other treatments. The mean Ni concentration in the roots of seedlings exposed to additional Ni was 79 p.p.m. and in other seedlings 16 p.p.m. Additional Ni also decreased the frequency of clearly senescent short roots and the proportion of the mycorrhizal morphotype with the thinnest mantle. These results indicate that the Ni exposure levels used in this experiment had some positive effects on the seedlings. The relative fungal biomass was about 6% lower (p = 0.0981) in the fine roots of seedlings treated with additional Cu. The mean Cu concentration in the roots of seedlings exposed to additional Cu was 256 p.p.m. and in other seedlings 29 p.p.m. Peroxidase activity, which was used as a general stress indicator in this study, was not affected by any of the treatments. The shoot growth and the relative biomass of fungi in the fine roots were positively correlated in all seedlings, and this correlation was stronger in seedlings exposed to additional Ni that were not irrigated compared with seedlings not exposed to additional Ni that were irrigated. The frequency of asymptomatic infections of G. abietina was positively correlated with the proportion of senescent short roots in the irrigated seedlings but not in not-irrigated seedlings. The general condition of seedlings may be an important factor for infection by G. abietina when moisture is high enough for the fungi to infect seedlings by conidia.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Itkonen, Matti K., et al.
(författare)
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Clopidogrel but Not Prasugrel Significantly Inhibits the CYP2C8-Mediated Metabolism of Montelukast in Humans
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 104:3, s. 495-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxidation of montelukast is mainly mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, but other mechanisms may contribute to its disposition. In healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of two widely used P2Y(12) inhibitors on montelukast pharmacokinetics. Clopidogrel (300mg on day 1 and 75mg on day 2) increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of montelukast 2.0-fold (90% confidence interval (CI) 1.72-2.28, P < 0.001) and decreased the M6:montelukast AUC(0-7h) ratio to 45% of control (90% CI 40-50%, P < 0.001). Prasugrel (60mg on day 1 and 10mg on day 2) had no clinically meaningful effect on montelukast pharmacokinetics. Our results imply that clopidogrel is at least a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C8, but prasugrel is not a clinically relevant CYP2C8 inhibitor. The different interaction potentials of clopidogrel and prasugrel are important to consider when antiplatelet therapy is planned for patients at risk for polypharmacy with CYP2C8 substrates.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Stadskleiv, K., et al.
(författare)
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Aided communication, mind understanding and co-construction of meaning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 25:8, s. 518-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mind understanding allows for the adaptation of expressive language to a listener and is a core element when communicating new information to a communication partner. There is limited knowledge about the relationship between aided language and mind understanding. This study investigates this relationship using a communication task. The participants were 71 aided communicators using graphic symbols or spelling for expression (38/33 girls/boys) and a reference group of 40 speaking children (21/19 girls/boys), aged 5;0-15;11 years. The task was to describe, but not name, drawings to a communication partner. The partner could not see the drawing and had to infer what was depicted from the child's explanation. Dyads with aided communicators solved fewer items than reference dyads (64% vs 93%). The aided spellers presented more precise details than the symbol users (46% vs 38%). In the aided group, number of correct items correlated with verbal comprehension and age.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bisch, Gaelle, et al.
(författare)
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Genome Evolution of Bartonellaceae Symbionts of Ants at the Opposite Ends of the Trophic Scale
- 2018
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Ingår i: Genome Biology and Evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 1759-6653. ; 10:7, s. 1687-1704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many insects rely on bacterial symbionts to supply essential amino acids and vitamins that are deficient in their diets, but metabolic comparisons of closely related gut bacteria in insects with different dietary preferences have not been performed. Here, we demonstrate that herbivorous ants of the genus Dolichoderus from the Peruvian Amazon host bacteria of the family Bartonellaceae, known for establishing chronic or pathogenic infections in mammals. We detected these bacteria in all studied Dolichoderus species, and found that they reside in the midgut wall, that is, the same location as many previously described nutritional endosymbionts of insects. The genomic analysis of four divergent strains infecting different Dolichoderus species revealed genes encoding pathways for nitrogen recycling and biosynthesis of several vitamins and all essential amino acids. In contrast, several biosynthetic pathways have been lost, whereas genes for the import and conversion of histidine and arginine to glutamine have been retained in the genome of a closely related gut bacterium of the carnivorous ant Harpegnathos saltator. The broad biosynthetic repertoire in Bartonellaceae of herbivorous ants resembled that of gut bacteria of honeybees that likewise feed on carbohydrate-rich diets. Taken together, the broad distribution of Bartonellaceae across Dolichoderus ants, their small genome sizes, the specific location within hosts, and the broad biosynthetic capability suggest that these bacteria are nutritional symbionts in herbivorous ants. The results highlight the important role of the host nutritional biology for the genomic evolution of the gut microbiota-and conversely, the importance of the microbiota for the nutrition of hosts.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Maaninka, Katariina, et al.
(författare)
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OxLDL sensitizes platelets for increased formation of extracellular vesicles capable of finetuning macrophage gene expression
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cell Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0171-9335 .- 1618-1298. ; 102:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) generated upon platelet activation may play a role in inflammatory pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), a well-known contributor to atherogenesis, activates platelets and presensitizes them for activation by other agonists. We studied the effect of oxLDL on the secretion, composition, and inflammatory functions of PEVs using contemporary EV analytics. Platelets were activated by co-stimulation with thrombin (T) and collagen (C) ± oxLDL and characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, proximity extension assay, western blot, and electron microscopy. The effect of PEVs on macrophage differentiation and functionality was examined by analyzing macrophage surface markers, cytokine secretion, and transcriptome. OxLDL upregulated TC-induced formation of CD61+, P-selectin+ and phosphatidylserine+ PEVs. Blocking the scavenger receptor CD36 significantly suppressed the oxLDL+TC-induced PEV formation, and HDL caused a slight but detectable suppression. The inflammatory protein cargo differed between the PEVs from stimulated and unstimulated platelets. Both oxLDL+TC- and TC-induced PEVs enhanced macrophage HLA-DR and CD86 expression and decreased CD11c expression as well as secretion of several cytokines. Pathways related to cell cycle and regulation of gene expression, and immune system signaling were overrepresented in the differentially expressed genes between TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages and oxLDL+TC PEV -treated vs. control macrophages, respectively. In conclusion, we speculate that oxLDL and activated platelets contribute to proatherogenic processes by increasing the number of PEVs that provide an adhesive and procoagulant surface, contain inflammatory mediators, and subtly finetune the macrophage gene expression.
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| 21. |
- Neuvonen, E, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Depressive Symptoms and Cognition in the FINGER Trial: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Clinical Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 11:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression and cognition are associated, but the role of depressive symptoms in lifestyle interventions to prevent dementia needs further study. We investigated the intervention effect on depressive symptoms and their associations with cognition in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER; NCT01041989), a two-year multidomain lifestyle trial. One thousand two-hundred and sixty individuals (60–77 years) at risk for dementia were randomised into a multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular/metabolic risk monitoring) or control group (regular health advice). Depressive symptoms (Zung scale) and cognition (modified Neuropsychological Test Battery) were evaluated at baseline, 12, and 24 months. One thousand one-hundred and twenty-five participants had baseline Zung data. Mean Zung score decreased 0.73 (SD 5.6) points in the intervention and 0.36 (5.6) points in the control group, with nonsignificant between-group difference (group × time coefficient −0.006, 95% CI −0.019 to 0.007). Overall, higher baseline Zung score was associated with less improvement in global cognition (−0.140, p = 0.005) and memory (−0.231, p = 0.005). Participants with clinically significant baseline depressive symptoms (Zung ≥ 40 points) had less intervention benefit to executive functioning (group × time × Zung −0.096, 95% CI −0.163 to −0.028). Change in Zung score was not associated with change in cognition. Clinically significant depressive symptoms warrant more attention when designing dementia-prevention interventions.
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| 22. |
- Neuvonen, Minna M., et al.
(författare)
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The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut-associated microbiota of ants include Rhizobiales bacteria with affiliation to the genus Bartonella. These bacteria may enable the ants to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but no genomes have been sequenced yet to test the hypothesis. Sequence reads from a member of the Rhizobiales were identified in the data collected in a genome project of the ant Harpegnathos saltator. We present an analysis of the closed 1.86 Mb genome of the ant-associated bacterium, for which we suggest the species name Candidatus Tokpelaia hoelldoblerii. A phylogenetic analysis reveals a relationship to Bartonella and Brucella, which infect mammals. Novel gene acquisitions include a gene for a putative extracellular protein of more than 6,000 amino acids secreted by the type I secretion system, which may be involved in attachment to the gut epithelium. No genes for nitrogen fixation could be identified, but genes for a multi-subunit urease protein complex are present in the genome. The urease genes are also present in Brucella, which has a fecal-oral transmission pathway, but not in Bartonella, which use blood-borne transmission pathways. We hypothesize that the gain and loss of the urease function is related to transmission strategies and lifestyle changes in the host-associated members of the Rhizobiales.
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| 23. |
- Neuvonen, P. T., et al.
(författare)
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Transportation of Na and Li in hydrothermally grown ZnO
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zinc oxide and related materials 2009. - : Materials Research Society. - 9781605111742 ; , s. 29-34
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry has been applied to study the transportation of Na and Li in hydrothermally grown ZnO. A dose of 10 15 cm-2 of Na+ was implanted into ZnO to act as a diffusion source. A clear trap limited diffusion is observed at temperatures above 550 °C. From these profiles, an activation energy for the transport of Na of 7 ∼1.7 eV has been extracted. The prefactor for the diffusion constant and the solid solubility of Na cannot be deduced independently from the present data but their product estimated to be ∼ 3 × 1016 cm-1 s-1. A dissociation energy of ∼2.4 eV is extracted for the trapped Na. The measured Na and Li profiles show that Li and Na compete for the same traps and interact in a way that Li is depleted from Na-rich regions. This is attributed to a lower formation energy of Na-on-zinc-site than that for Li-on-zinc-site defects and the zinc vacancy is considered as a major trap for migrating Na and Li atoms. Consequently, the diffasivity of Li is difficult to extract accurately from the present data, but in its interstitial configuration Li is indeed highly mobile having a diffasivity in excess of 10-11 cm2 s-1 at 500 °C .
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| 24. |
- Ojala, Joonas, et al.
(författare)
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Reassigning the shapes of the 0+ states in the 186Pb nucleus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3650. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across the physics disciplines, the 186Pb nucleus is the only known system, where the two first excited states, together with the ground state, form a triplet of zero-spin states assigned with prolate, oblate and spherical shapes. Here we report on a precision measurement where the properties of collective transitions in 186Pb were determined in a simultaneous in-beam γ-ray and electron spectroscopy experiment employing the recoil-decay tagging technique. The feeding of the 02+ state and the interband 22+→21+ transition have been observed. We also present direct measurement of the energies of the electric monopole transitions from the excited 0+ states to the 0+ ground state. In contrast to the earlier understanding, the obtained reduced transition probability B(E2;21+→02+) value of 190(80) W.u., the transitional quadrupole moment ∣Qt(21+→02+)∣=7.7(33) eb and intensity balance arguments provide evidence to reassign the 02+ and 03+ states with predominantly prolate and oblate shape, respectively. Our work demonstrates a step-up in experimental sensitivity and paves the way for systematic studies of electric monopole transitions in this region. These electric monopole transitions probe the nuclear volume in a unique manner and provide unexploited input for development of the next-generation energy density functional models.
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| 25. |
- Smith, Martine M, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing narratives to describe video events using aided communication.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Augmentative and alternative communication (Baltimore, Md. : 1985). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-3848 .- 0743-4618. ; 34:1, s. 40-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Narratives are a pervasive form of discourse and a rich source for exploring a range of language and cognitive skills. The limited research base to date suggests that narratives generated using aided communication may be structurally simple, and that features of cohesion and reference may be lacking. This study reports on the analysis of narratives generated in interactions involving aided communication in response to short, silent, video vignettes depicting events with unintended or unexpected consequences. Two measures were applied to the data: the Narrative Scoring Scheme and the Narrative Analysis Profile. A total of 15 participants who used aided communication interacted with three different communication partners (peers, parents, professionals) relaying narratives about three video events. Their narratives were evaluated with reference to narratives of 15 peers with typical development in response to the same short videos and to the narratives that were interpreted by their communication partners. Overall, the narratives generated using aided communication were shorter and less complete than those of the speaking peers, but they incorporated many similar elements. Topic maintenance and inclusion of scene-setting elements were consistent strengths. Communication partners offered rich interpretations of aided narratives. Relative to the aided narratives, these interpreted narratives were typically structurally more complete and cohesive and many incorporated more elaborated semantic content. The data reinforce the robust value of narratives in interaction and their potential for showcasing language and communication achievements in aided communication.
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| 26. |
- Tamarit, Daniel, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Origin and evolution of the Bartonella Gene Transfer Agent
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press. - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 35:2, s. 451-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are domesticated bacteriophages that have evolved into molecular machines for the transferof bacterial DNA. Despite their widespread nature and their biological implications, the mechanisms and selective forcesthat drive the emergence of GTAs are still poorly understood. Two GTAs have been identifiedintheAlphaproteobacteria:the RcGTA, which is widely distributed in a broad range of species; and the BaGTA, which has a restricted host range thatincludes vector-borne intracellular bacteria of the genusBartonella. The RcGTA packages chromosomal DNA randomly,whereas the BaGTA particles contain a relatively higher fraction of genes for host interaction factors that are amplifiedfrom a nearby phage-derived origin of replication. In this study, we compare the BaGTA genes with homologous bac-teriophage genes identified in the genomes ofBartonellaspecies and close relatives. Unlike the BaGTA, the prophagegenes are neither present in all species, nor inserted into homologous genomic sites. Phylogenetic inferences and sub-stitution frequency analyses confirm codivergence of the BaGTA with the host genome, as opposed to multiple integra-tion and recombination events in the prophages. Furthermore, the organizationof segments flanking the BaGTA differsfrom that of the prophages by a few rearrangement events,which have abolished the normal coordination betweenphage genome replication and phage gene expression. Based on the results of our comparative analysis, we propose amodel for how a prophage may be transformed into a GTA that transfers amplified bacterial DNA segments.
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