| 1. |
- Dückers, Michel L. A., et al.
(author)
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Measuring and modelling the quality of 40 post-disaster mental health and psychosocial support programmes
- 2018
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Disasters can have an enormous impact on the health and well-being of those affected. Internationally, governments and service providers are often challenged to address complex psychosocial problems. Ideally, the potentially broad range of support activities include a coherent, high-quality mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programme. We present a theory-driven quantitative analysis of the quality of 40 MHPSS programmes, mostly implemented in European disaster settings. The objective is to measure quality domains recognized as relevant in the literature and to empirically test associations. During the EU project “Operationalizing Psychosocial Support in Crisis” (OPSIC) an evaluation survey was designed and developed for this purpose and completed by 40 MHPSS programme coordinators involved in different mass emergencies and disasters. We analysed the survey data in two steps. Firstly, we used the data to operationalize quality domains of a MHPSS programme, tested constructs and assessed their internal consistency reliability. A total of 26 out of 44 survey items clustered into three of the four domains identified within the theoretical framework: “planning and delivery system” (Cronbach’s alpha 0.82); “general evaluation criteria” (Cronbach’s alpha 0.82); and “essential psychosocial principles” (Cronbach’s alpha 0.75). “Measures and interventions applied”, theoretically a potential fourth domain, could not be confirmed to empirically cluster together. Secondly, several models with associations between domains and measures and interventions were tested and compared. The model with the best fit suggests that in MHPSS programmes with a higher planning and delivery systems score, a larger number of measures and interventions from evidence-informed guidelines are applied. In such programmes, coordinators are more positive about general evaluation criteria and the realization of essential psychosocial principles. Moreover, the analyses showed that some measures and interventions are more likely to be applied in programmes with more evolved planning and delivery systems, yet for most measures and interventions the likelihood of being applied is not linked to planning and delivery system status, nor to coordinator perceptions concerning psychosocial principles and evaluation criteria. Further research is necessary to validate and expand the findings and to learn more about success factors and obstacles for MHPSS programme implementation.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Johan, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Conceptualizing the European military-civilian-industrial complex : The need for a helicopter perspective
- 2023
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In: Defence Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1470-2436 .- 1743-9698. ; 3:4, s. 561-588
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In his 1961 farewell address, US President Eisenhower coined the term “military-industrial complex,” referring to the coalescing of military, industrial, and political interest groups. In contemporary Europe, the military-industrial complex is arguably transforming into a complex with a noteworthy commercial civilian dimension, blurring traditional military and arms-focused understandings of European defence and security. Our emphasis on an added corporate civilian component captures the expansion of defence and security beyond the traditional military domain. Coalescing of industry and politics is observed in Europe, blurring the military-civilian divide, technologically as well as in organization and governance, particularly through public-private partnerships. Eisenhower, himself a decorated WWII general, warned of how the US military-industrial complex could lead to “disastrous use of misplaced power.” Rather than reiterating such a conclusion in the European context, our paper examines how the European military-civilian-industrial complex is emerging, looking at how elite participants shape the public-private structure of the complex, and specifically how policies on dual-use and emerging technologies influence developments in Europe. The focus herein is on novel actors, characteristics, and the European Union and charts out defining conceptual features of the defence and security industry in Europe
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Johan, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Outsourcing the American Space Dream? : SpaceX and the Race to the Stars
- 2022
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whereas the rise of private space entrepreneurship is indisputable, this paper contends that contrary to the “NewSpace” narrative, the development of privately owned and operated human spacefaring does not dispel or fundamentally alter the American space dream but rather implies continuity of the narrative of America as the dominant global space power, specifically regarding a return to the Moon and with the explicit aim of colonizing Mars. The present paper analyzes the continuity of the American space dream and how it is expressed by public and private space actors as well as being supported by popular culture, entertainment, and an active space enthusiast community. The paper maintains that the continuity of the American space dream as a unifying national narrative is facilitated by how private spacefaring is heavily dependent on the US government’s emphasis on the pivotal role of private space industry for US-led space exploration. This dependent relationship provides incentives for private space entrepreneurs to share and tap into the established American space dream. The continuity of the American space dream is achieved through a prevailing yet reconfigured government-industrial complex.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Johan, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Outsourcing the American Space Dream : SpaceX and the Race to the Stars
- 2023
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In: Astropolitics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1477-7622 .- 1557-2943. ; 21:1, s. 46-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whereas the rise of private space entrepreneurship is indisputable, we contend that contrary to the “NewSpace” narrative, the development of privately owned and operated human spacefaring does not dispel or fundamentally alter the American space dream, but rather implies continuity of the narrative of America as the dominant global space power, specifically regarding a return to the Moon and with the explicit aim of colonizing Mars. Herein, we analyze the continuity of the American space dream and how it is expressed by public and private space actors, as well as being supported by popular culture, entertainment, and an active space enthusiast community. We maintain that the continuity of the American space dream as a unifying national narrative is facilitated by how private spacefaring is dependent on the U.S. Government’s emphasis on the pivotal role of private space industry for space exploration. This dependent relationship provides incentives for private space entrepreneurs to share and leverage the established American space dream. The continuity of the American space dream is achieved through a prevailing, yet reconfigured, government-industrial complex.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Rymden : en privat affär?
- 2012
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In: Internationella Studier. - Stockholm : Utrikespolitiska institutet. - 0020-952X. ; :3, s. 12-14
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Fors, Fredrik, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Shaken, not stunned : The London Bombings of July 2005
- 2006
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Executive summary - The bombings of July 2005 On July 7th, the morning rush hours in London formed the backdrop for the first suicidebombings in Western Europe in modern times. Three different parts of the London subwaysystem were attacked around 08.50: Aldgate, Edgware Road, and Russell Square. The three Tube trains were all hit within 50 seconds time. A bomb on the upper floor of a double-deckerbus at Tavistock Square was detonated at 09.47. In the terrorist attacks, four suicide bombers detonated one charge each, killing 52 people. Seven people were killed by the blasts at Aldgate, six at Edgware Road, 13 at Tavistock Square, and 26 at Russel Square – in addition to the suicide bombers themselves. More than 700 people were injured. Hundreds of rescue workers were engaged in coping with the aftermath. Over 200 staff from the London Fire Brigade, 450 staff and 186 vehicles from the London Ambulance Service, several hundred police officers from the Metropolitan Police and from the City of London Police, as well as over 130 staff from the British Transport Police were involved. Patients were sent to 7 area hospitals.
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| 9. |
- Ingason, Haukur, et al.
(author)
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The Metro Project : Final report
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report compiles the results from the METRO project. The different parts of theproject – design fires, evacuation, integrated fire control, smoke control, extraordinarystrain onconstructions and fire- and rescue operations – are presented separately.The most complicated and expensive part of the project was the performance of thelarge scale fire and explosion tests in the Brunsberg tunnel, where the maximum heatrelease rates measured from the metro wagon was 77 MW.The main results from the project are new recommendations regarding design firesin mass transport systems, identification of key factors for fire and smoke spread in tunnelsand at stations as well as regarding the difficulties for disabled persons to evacuatefrom trains in tunnels, new recommended types of way guiding systems, safer design incase of explosions in trains and evaluation of the fire and rescue services’ possibilitiesand limitations in underground mass transport systems.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Newlove-Eriksson, Lindy
(author)
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Accountability and Patchwork Governance in Urban Rail Interchanges : Junctions of London Crossrail and Stockholm City Line Compared
- 2020
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In: Public Works Management & Policy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-724X .- 1552-7549. ; 25:2, s. 105-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How is accountability in safety management affected in and by public-private urban multiroute stations? To help address this question, major interchanges with newly tunneled lines in London and Stockholm are studied: Stratford station and Stockholm Station City. Differences in origin, national and regional significance, and specific governance features of these megaprojects are identified. Accountability in safety management appears more critiqued in the Swedish case, possibly related to comparatively higher attention to particularities of this "bottleneck" national nexus. Wrought with albeit less visible geographical and geological constraints, the comparative magnitude of London and acclimatization to projects has explanatory value. Similarity in the patchwork of public-private actors, implying fragmented governance jeopardizing accountability is observed in both cases. Both megaprojects span decades, with turnover and lack of institutional memory posing further challenges for accountability and safety. A major finding is that, complementary to standard risk analysis, accountability in the governance of infrastructural megaprojects begs improvement.
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| 12. |
- Newlove-Eriksson, Lindy
(author)
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Civila projekt blev militära
- 2014
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In: Internationella Studier. - 0020-952X. ; :3, s. 35-
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Review (other academic/artistic)
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| 13. |
- Newlove-Eriksson, Lindy, 1967-
(author)
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Critical Infrastructure at the Dawn of a Techno-Organizational Shift : Accountability and Public-Private Governance
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- How public-private governance affects accountability for safety in the realm of critical infrastructure is the focus of this doctoral thesis. Case studies of previously under-researched crises and their cascading affects across infrastructures and governance systems, comparative analysis of public-private governance (PPG) of infrastructures such as space and urban rail junctions, and analysis of wider sets of policies and doctrine pertaining to critical infrastructures and their governance are presented.This work further conceptualizes a contemporary techno-organizational shift, observed increasingly in mixed and integrated public-private structures and evident not only in governance, but in infrastructures themselves (seen for example in development of dual use-satellites, and in urban rail interchanges combining public transportation with consumption and leisure). Moreover, this thesis develops the concept of “patchwork PPG”, which aids unpacking the complexity of governance, addressing specifically the blurred boundaries of internal-external, public-private and domestic-international.It is also found and demonstrated that accountability can be negatively affected when governance is fragmented, particularly when there exists a patchwork of several PPG constellations, with membership and mandate changing over time. Fragmented governance of infrastructural mega-projects has given rise to the misconception that the rise of private authority in terms of ownership and command and control also implies that private actors have attained/maintain accountability. Further, mega-projects entail lengthy timeframes, implying a loss of continuity and institutional memory, which in turn puts accountability at risk.I draw on a large multidisciplinary body of past theory and research, including social science crisis research, organizational and governance theory, industrial economics, sociological risk analysis, and science and technology studies (STS). Methodologically, a structured and focused case study approach is employed, building on document analyses and, particularly in one case, personal interviews. Finally, I propose that effective accountability management implies acknowledgment of formal responsibility, that critique is actively and constructively taken on board, and mistakes admitted, without resorting to resignation/s or blame games. Commitment to explorative reflexivity is necessary to truly learn from mistakes, near misses or full-blown crises to implement reform, better tailor preparedness, and allocate resources for responsible management of holistically-viewed infrastructure projects, from conceptual, operational, augmentational through to retirement or reinvention stages.
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| 14. |
- Newlove-Eriksson, Lindy
(author)
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Critical Infrastructure Integration and Pervasive Securitization in the EU : Implications for Transparency and Accountability
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper addresses the rapidly evolving cross-sectoral interconnectedness of “critical infrastructures” in the European Union (EU), a development studied over the past decade. In the name of counter-terrorism and the European economy, cross-sectoral interconnectedness of critical infrastructures in the European Union (EU) is propelled. Critical infrastructures are increasingly connected through sensors in the “Internet of Everything” (IoE) via “next” or “fifth” generation (5G) networks, and in public-private partnerships (PPPs). This under-researched technology and data fusion can be interpreted as the “securitization of everything”. Whereas ICT and sensor-enabled applications are employed between various domains for numerous, often combined purposes with vast safety, security, and integrity implications, accountability and transparency regarding embedded technology is lacking. Transparency and accountability are not either certain within agencies and/or private contractors regarding applications due to widespread sub-contracting and flux in PPPs, differential knowledge, and motivations. Gaps in transparency, awareness, and variable intention in themselves create safety, security, and integrity issues, undermining governance. Securitization legitimates secrecy and confidentiality-driven PPP, motivated by objectives rivalling those of conventional threat projections, implying a neo-corporatist system ultimately putting accountability at stake.
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| 15. |
- Newlove-Eriksson, Lindy, et al.
(author)
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Governance Beyond the Global: Who Controls the Extraterrestrial?
- 2013
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In: Globalizations. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1474-7731 .- 1474-774X. ; 10:2, s. 277-292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How is outer space governed? This article argues that private authority is gaining salience in space politics, even with respect to the traditionally state-centric security and military aspects of space. Further, while commercial actors have always played a role in space programs, three significant changes can be detected: transnational conglomerates and consortia as opposed to individual corporations are emerging as key partners in space politics; private partners are gaining stronger and wider responsibilities for the development and management of space programs (including manned spaceflights); and public accountability is increasingly at stake due to a widening of security in space policy. The latter development includes a blurring of key distinctions between military and civilian usage (also referred to as dual-use or dual-role application), as well as between the public and private realms.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Newlove-Eriksson, Lindy, et al.
(author)
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Technological Megashift and the EU : Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Fragmented Responsibilities
- 2021. - 1
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In: The European Union and the Technological Shift. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030636715 - 9783030636722 ; , s. 27-55
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter addresses the technological megashift and implications for security and accountability within the EU. Digitalised interconnectivity of increasingly ‘embedded’ systems, infrastructures and societal functions are megashift features. Although the EU hardly lacks technological strategies, accountability structures beg improvement, and there are multiple expert groups with insufficient coordination and societal focus. The EU suffers from techno-optimism—coupled to powerful objectives of fuelling economic growth—which can lead to broadly conceived and represented security issues falling in shadow and struggles between interests being inadequately addressed. This chapter analyses how the EU deals with the megashift with respect to threats, surveillance systems, infrastructural vulnerability and public-private accountability. It is suggested that the EU take (i) a holistic grip on the megashift and implications, (ii) abandon optimistic techno-determinism for nuanced and contextual understanding and (iii) avoid outsourcing management of sensitive data and critical infrastructures.
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| 19. |
- Newlove-Eriksson, Lindy, et al.
(author)
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The Invisible Hand? Critical Information Infrastructures, Commercialisation and National Security
- 2018
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In: The International Spectator. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0393-2729 .- 1751-9721. ; 53:2, s. 124-140
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Corporatisation of critical information infrastructure (CII) is rooted inthe ‘privatisation wave’ of the 1980s-90s, when the ground was laidfor outsourcing public utilities. Despite well-known risks relating toreliability, resilience, and accountability, commitment to efficiencyimperatives have driven governments to outsource key publicservices and infrastructures. A recent illustrative case with enormousimplications is the 2017 Swedish ICT scandal, where outsourcing ofCII caused major security breaches. With the transfer of the SwedishTransport Agency’s ICT system to IBM and subcontractors, classifieddata and protected identities were made accessible to non-vettedforeign private employees – sensitive data could thus now be inanyone’s hands. This case clearly demonstrates accountability gapsthat can arise in public-private governance of CII.
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| 20. |
- Stern, Eric, et al.
(author)
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Crisis Management in Transitional Democracies : The Baltic Experience
- 2002
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In: Government and Opposition. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0017-257X .- 1477-7053. ; 37:4, s. 524-550
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article we open the black box of governance in the new democracies by examining episodes where these governments are confronted with urgent threats that require swift and decisive state responses. This provides a unique insight into how political and administrative decision-making actually takes place. It enables us to analyse and evaluate the performance of the new institutions at times when it matters most. Specifically, we discuss how three of these new democracies, the Baltic states, have dealt with risks and crises in vital societal and political domains such as health and safety, public order, economic management and foreign policy. All belong to the core of the classic state functions.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Stern, Eric, et al.
(author)
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Post mortem crisis analysis : Dissecting the London bombings of July 2005
- 2014
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In: Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2051-6614. ; 1:4, s. 402-422
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – Taming the complexity of crisis and integrating diverse narratives and sources regarding crisis events is a serious challenge. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for reconstructing, dissecting, and thematically comparing crisis experiences, using the 7/7 London bombings of 2005 as an illustrative empirical application.Design/methodology/approach – A cognitive-institutional process-tracing methodology suitable compatible with structured focussed comparison of crisis cases (Stern and Sundelius, 2002; cf. George and Bennett, 2005) is used. This cognitive-institutional process tracing and analysis strategy consists of four steps: contextualization, development of a synthetic chronological narrative, identification and reconstruction of decision occasions, and (comparative) thematic analysis.Findings – The paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying the methodology to real-world cases in the UK and concludes with reflections about the need for contextualized, systematic post mortem crisis analysis taking into account problem and process complexity, differential crisis performances of individuals and organizations under adverse conditions, and the increasing importance of social media and personal communications devices for crisis research and practice.Practical implications – The methodology used in this paper has the potential to improve the effectiveness of organizational learning and reform efforts in the wake of crisis experiences.Social implications – Insights associated with the application of this methodology can lead to improved post-crisis learning and fairer accountability processes, and thus contribute to enhancing societal resilience.Originality/value – The study not only presents an original methodology developed by one of the authors, but also provides a systematic, relatively comprehensive and theoretically informed analysis of the July 7 London bombings based not only upon the documentary record, but also upon a substantial number of interviews.
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