| 1. |
- Phu, Vu Dinh, et al.
(författare)
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Ventilator-associated respiratory infection in a resource-restricted setting: impact and etiology
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Intensive Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2052-0492. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) is a significant problem in resource-restricted intensive care units (ICUs), but differences in casemix and etiology means VARI in resource-restricted ICUs may be different from that found in resource-rich units. Data from these settings are vital to plan preventative interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness, but few are available.
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| 2. |
- Feigin, Valery L, et al.
(författare)
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Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016.
- 2018
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 379:25, s. 2429-2437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases.We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate.The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle-SDI, and low-SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation.In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
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| 3. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 4. |
- Tran, Ngoc Hieu, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic profiling of Vietnamese population from large-scale genomic analysis of non-invasive prenatal testing data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The under-representation of several ethnic groups in existing genetic databases and studies have undermined our understanding of the genetic variations and associated traits or diseases in many populations. Cost and technology limitations remain the challenges in performing large-scale genome sequencing projects in many developing countries, including Vietnam. As one of the most rapidly adopted genetic tests, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) data offers an alternative untapped resource for genetic studies. Here we performed a large-scale genomic analysis of 2683 pregnant Vietnamese women using their NIPT data and identified a comprehensive set of 8,054,515 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, among which 8.2% were new to the Vietnamese population. Our study also revealed 24,487 disease-associated genetic variants and their allele frequency distribution, especially 5 pathogenic variants for prevalent genetic disorders in Vietnam. We also observed major discrepancies in the allele frequency distribution of disease-associated genetic variants between the Vietnamese and other populations, thus highlighting a need for genome-wide association studies dedicated to the Vietnamese population. The resulted database of Vietnamese genetic variants, their allele frequency distribution, and their associated diseases presents a valuable resource for future genetic studies.
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| 5. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 6. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 7. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Duy, Nguyen Van, et al.
(författare)
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Design and fabrication of effective gradient temperature sensor array based on bilayer SnO2/Pt for gas classification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classification of different gases is important, and it is possible to use different gas sensors for this purpose. Electronic noses, for example, combine separated gas sensors into an array for detecting different gases. However, the use of separated sensors in an array suffers from being bulky, high-energy consumption and complex fabrication processes. Generally, gas sensing properties, including gas selectivity, of semiconductor gas sensors are strongly dependent on their working temperature. It is therefore feasible to use a single device composed of identical sensors arranged in a temperature gradient for classification of multiple gases. Herein, we introduce a design for simple fabrication of gas sensor array based on bilayer Pt/SnO2 for real-time monitoring and classification of multiple gases. The study includes design simulation of the sensor array to find an effective gradient temperature, fabrication of the sensors and test of their performance. The array, composed of five sensors, was fabricated on a glass substrate without the need of backside etching to reduce heat loss. A SnO2 thin film sensitized with Pt on top deposited by sputtering was used as sensing material. The sensor array was tested against different gases including ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, ammonia, and hydrogen. Radar plots and principal component analysis were used to visualize the distinction of the tested gases and to enable effective classification.
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| 10. |
- Hoang-Minh, Thao, et al.
(författare)
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Mineralogical Characterization of Di Linh Bentonite, Vietnam: A Methodological Approach of X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Mineral Exploration (ISME-XIII). - Hanoi : Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi. - 9786046215400 ; , s. 143-148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vietnam has decided to establish nuclear power as further energy option. In order to develop a Vietnamese reference bentonite as potential barrier in a final repository for high radioactive waste, a detailed mineralogical investigation of Di Linh bentonite (Lam Dong province), lacustrine clay, was carried out by different methods especially transmission electron microscopy (TEM) linked with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). From a sample homogenized from 5 tones of the bentonite, mineral formulae of clay particles was calculated The calculation also focuses on randomly interstratifications of two and three members. The fraction <2 μm of Di Linh bentonite is composed mainly by montmorillonite (Ca0.06Mg0.03Na0.09K0.03Al1.39Fe0.25Mg0.26(OH)2 Si3.96Al0.04O10) and regular ordering (R1) illite-smectite interstratifications with K- and charge-deficiency (Ca0.04Mg0.07Na0.18K0.16Al1.76Fe0.08Mg0.16(OH)2Si3.62Al0.38O10). Additionally, Fe-poor kaolinite-smectite-vermiculite interstratifications and trace of Fe-rich chloritesmectite- vermiculite interstatifications were identified. TEM-investigations showed analytical proofs of the sedimentary character of smectite formation in the Di Linh deposit. Parent muscovite was weathered in several steps in two different environments: (i) K-leaching and layer-wise alteration into kaolinite; (ii) further edge- controlled alteration of mica into lathlike montmorillonite particles under dissolution of kaolinite layers from former kaolinite-mica intergrowths. Mineralogical composition of the Di Linh bentonite with mainly montmorillonite and illite-rich illite-smectite interstratifications shows that the Di Linh bentonite can be a suitable barrier candidate in final repositories.
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| 11. |
- Hoang-Minh, Thao, et al.
(författare)
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Use of TEM-EDX for structural formula identification of clay minerals : a case study of Di Linh bentonite, Vietnam
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of applied crystallography. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0021-8898 .- 1600-5767. ; 52:1, s. 133-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmission electron microscopy linked with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) was applied to characterize mineralogical signals ofweathering processes in the Di Linh bentonite deposit (Vietnam) and to visualize the effects of Na activation on the smectitic phases. Modelling of X ray diffraction patterns (oriented mount) was applied in order to refine the computed structural formula. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods were also applied to verify the TEM-EDX results. An Excel-based routine has been developed in this research to allow fast computation of structural formulae and classification of the investigated clay particles. This routine supports the acquirement of 100 300 TEM-EDX analyses as a representative set of individual particles for each sample. The Excel-based routine involves end members of different clay mineral groups and interstratifications with two or three members (e.g. illite smectite interstratifications – IS-ml; dioctahedral vermiculite–smectite interstratifications – diVS-ml; and kaolinite–montmorillonite–dioctahedral vermiculite interstratifications – KSV-ml). The routine is now freely available. According to the identification procedure, the <2 mm fraction of the Di Linh bentonite (Vietnam) is composed mainly of K- and charge-deficient illite smectite interstratifications (or diVS-ml): montmorillonite-rich randomly ordered (R0) type and illite-rich regularly ordered (R1) type. Additionally, Fe-poor KSV-ml was identified.Industrial Na activation of the Di Linh bentonite resulted in an increase of theR1 diVS-ml portion and dissolution of a large part of the smectite-rich phases.The TEM-EDX approach also gave analytical proof of a sedimentary processfor Di Linh smectite. The parent muscovite was altered in two different environments: (i) K-leaching and layer-wise alteration into kaolinite (weathering), and (ii) further edge-controlled alteration of mica into lath-like montmorillonite particles associated with a dissolution of kaolinite layers from the former kaolinite–mica intergrowths by heat impact (basalt flow).
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| 12. |
- Ngoc, Trinh Minh, et al.
(författare)
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Ultralow power consumption gas sensor based on a self- heated nanojunction of SnO2 nanowires
- 2018
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2046-2069. ; 8:63, s. 36323-36330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long duration of a working device with a limited battery capacity requires gas sensors with low power consumption. A self-heated gas sensor is a highly promising candidate to satisfy this requirement. In this study, two gas sensors with sparse and dense SnO2 nanowire (NW) networks were investigated under the Joule heating effect at the nanojunction. Results showed that the local heating nanojunction was effective for NO2 sensing but generally not for reduction gases. At 1 W, the sparse NW sensor showed a good sensing performance to the NO2 gas. The dense SnO2 NW network required a high-power supply for gas-sensitive activation, but was suitable for reduction gases. A power of approximately 500 W was also needed for a fast recovery time. Notably, the dense NW sensor can response to ethanol and H2S gases. Results also showed that the self-heated sensors were simple in design and reproducible in terms of the fabrication process.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Phu, Vu Dinh, et al.
(författare)
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Burden of Hospital Acquired Infections and Antimicrobial Use in Vietnamese Adult Intensive Care Units
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Methods Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08: 00 a.m. on the survey day were included. Results Among 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/ 3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively). Conclusion A high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Cuc, Nguyen Thi Thu, et al.
(författare)
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Hot water treatment prevents Aphelenchoides besseyi damage to Polianthes tuberosa crops in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
- 2010
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Ingår i: Crop Protection. - 0261-2194. ; 29:6, s. 599-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polianthes tuberosa is a commercially valuable flower crop in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam that is propagated by the harvesting and planting of bulbs. The cultivation of P. tuberosa is infected by an endemic Aphelenchoides besseyi nematode that damages a high proportion of plants and persists within the bulbs. Here we report on the comparison of hot water and pesticide treatments as control methods to protect P. tuberosa from A. besseyi damage, and conclude that a hot water treatment consisting of soaking bulbs in water for 30 minutes at 57 °C is the most efficacious method to produce healthy flowers in a cost-effective manner.
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| 18. |
- Da, Chau Thi, et al.
(författare)
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Recycled pangasius pond sediments as organic fertilizer for vegetables cultivation : strategies for sustainable food production
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-954X .- 1618-9558. ; 25:2, s. 369-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensive Pangasius aquaculture farming contributes to increased income and profits in Vietnam, but is also associated with many environmental problems, including pollution from nutrient-rich water and sediments that are released into the environment. This article investigates the feasibility of using Pangasius pond sediments (PPS) in combination with amendments of rice straw (RS) to fertilize cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk) plant. The results showed that mixing a ratio of 30% PPS with 70% RS produced the highest nutrient concentrations. The study demonstrates that organic fertilizer produced from PPS in combination with chemical fertilizer can replace 2575% of the inorganic fertilizers used as a nutrient source for cucumber and water spinach, and also increase the vegetable production. The highest yields were found for treatment PPS-3 (a combination of 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% organic fertilizer used on cucumber), and for treatment PPSRS-4 (a combination of 25% chemical fertilizer and 75% organic fertilizer used on water spinach) in both the wet and dry season (P˂0.05). The lowest yields were found when growing cucumbers and water spinach either with 100% organic fertilizer (the treatment PPS-5) or with 100% chemical fertilizer (the control treatment PPS-1), respectively (P˂0.05). Overall, the results indicated that the recycling of PPS as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in combination for vegetable cultivation is more environmentally friendly as compared to using only chemical fertilizers.
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| 19. |
- Duyen, Nguyen Thi, et al.
(författare)
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Steroid glycosides isolated from Paris polyphylla var. chinensis aerial parts and paris saponin II induces G1/S-phase MCF-7 cell cycle arrest
- 2022
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215. ; 519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In our previous research on Vietnamese medicinal plants, we found that the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis exhibited cytotoxic effects in vitro in the MCF-7 human cancer cell line. Here, we used combined chromatographic separations to isolate six compounds including a new steroid glycoside, paripoloside A (3), and five known compounds, from the butanol extract of the aerial parts of P. polyphylla. We unambiguously elucidated their structures based on spectroscopic data (proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear single quantum coherence, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, correlation spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy data), and chemical reactions. Among the isolated compounds, paris saponin II (PSII) had the strongest cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, PSII significantly increased the expression of p53, p21, p27, and Bax protein levels and significantly suppressed the expression of cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma protein. These data suggest that PSII may induce G1/S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis pathway development in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the MCF-7 breast cancer cells mechanism of PSII was also investigated using molecular docking. Together, our results demonstrate that isolated compounds from P. polyphylla are promising candidates as breast cancer inhibitors.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Li, Jing-Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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SpinDoctor : a Matlab toolbox for diffusion MRI simulation
- 2019
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex transverse water proton magnetization subject to diffusion-encoding magnetic field gradient pulses in a heterogeneous medium can be modeled by the multiple compartment Bloch-Torrey partial differential equation (BTPDE). A mathematical model for the time-dependent apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), called the H-ADC model, was obtained recently using homogenization techniques on the BTPDE. Under the assumption of negligible water exchange between compartments, the H-ADC model produces the ADC of a diffusion medium from the solution of a diffusion equation (DE) subject to a time-dependent Neumann boundary condition. This paper describes a publicly available Matlab toolbox called SpinDoctor that can be used 1) to solve the BTPDE to obtain the dMRI signal (the toolbox provides a way of robustly fitting the dMRI signal to obtain the fitted ADC); 2) to solve the DE of the H-ADC model to obtain the ADC; 3) a short-time approximation formula for the ADC is also included in the toolbox for comparison with the simulated ADC. The PDEs are solved by P 1 finite elements combined with built-in Matlab routines for solving ordinary differential equations. The finite element mesh generation is performed using an external package called Tetgen that is included in the toolbox. SpinDoctor provides built-in options of including 1) spherical cells with a nucleus; 2) cylindrical cells with a myelin layer; 3) an extra-cellular space (ECS) enclosed either a) in a box or b) in a tight wrapping around the cells; 4) deformation of canonical cells by bending and twisting. 5) permeable membranes for the BT-PDE (the H-ADC assumes negligible permeability). Built-in diffusion-encoding pulse sequences include the Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo and the Oscillating Gradient Spin Echo.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Nguyen, LH, et al.
(författare)
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An Evaluation of Programmatic Community-Based Chest X-ray Screening for Tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tropical medicine and infectious disease. - : MDPI AG. - 2414-6366. ; 5:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Across Asia, a large proportion of people with tuberculosis (TB) do not report symptoms, have mild symptoms or only experience symptoms for a short duration. These individuals may not seek care at health facilities or may be missed by symptom screening, resulting in sustained TB transmission in the community. We evaluated the yields of TB from 114 days of community-based, mobile chest X-ray (CXR) screening. The yields at each step of the TB screening cascade were tabulated and we compared cohorts of participants who reported having a prolonged cough and those reporting no cough or one of short duration. We estimated the marginal yields of TB using different diagnostic algorithms and calculated the relative diagnostic costs and cost per case for each algorithm. A total of 34,529 participants were screened by CXR, detecting 256 people with Xpert-positive TB. Only 50% of those diagnosed with TB were detected among participants reporting a prolonged cough. The study’s screening algorithm detected almost 4 times as much TB as the National TB Program’s standard diagnostic algorithm. Community-based, mobile chest X-ray screening can be a high yielding strategy which is able to identify people with TB who would likely otherwise have been missed by existing health services.
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| 24. |
- Tan, Ha Minh, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Self-Heated Gas Sensors Using on-Chip Networked Nanowires with Ultralow Power Consumption
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9, s. 6153-6162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The length of single crystalline nanowires (NWs) offers aperfect pathway for electron transfer, while the small diameter of the NWshampers thermal losses to tje environment, substrate, and metal electrodes.Therefore, Joule self-heating effect is nearly ideal for operating NW gassensors at ultralow power consumption, without additional heaters. Therealization of the self-heated NW sensors using the “pick and place”approach is complex, hardly reproducible, low yield, and not applicable formass production. Here, we present the sensing capability of the self-heatednetworked SnO2 NWs effectively prepared by on-chip growth. Ourdeveloped self-heated sensors exhibit a good response of 25.6 to 2.5 ppmNO2 gas, while the response to 500 ppm H2, 100 ppm NH3, 100 ppm H2S,and 500 ppm C2H5OH is very low, indicating the good selectivity of thesensors to NO2 gas. Furthermore, the detection limit is very low, down to 82parts-per-trillion. As-obtained sensing performance under self-heating modeis nearly identical to that under external heating mode. While the power consumption under self-heating mode is extremely low,around hundreds of microwatts, as scaled-down the size of the electrode is below 10 μm. The selectivity of the sensors can becontrolled simply by tuning the loading power that enables simple detection of NO2 in mixed gases. Remarkable performancetogether with a significantly facile fabrication process of the present sensors enhances the potential application of NW sensors innext generation technologies such as electronic noses, the Internet of Things, and smartphone sensing.
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| 25. |
- Thanh, Dang Trung, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of organic fertilizers produced from fish pond sediment on growth performances and yield of Malabar and Amaranthus vegetables
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2571-581X. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing intensification of aquaculture production requires the development of strategies to reduce its environmental impacts such as the pollution caused by the discharge of nutrient-rich sediments into local water bodies. This research was undertaken to investigate and evaluate the effect of using organic fertilizers produced from the pond sludge of freshwater snakehead fish (Channa striata) composted with organic amendments of peanut shells and coir fiber on growth performance indices and yields of Malabar spinach (Basella alba L.) and Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthus L.) vegetables in the dry and wet seasons. An organic fertilizer quality experiment showed that the richest nutrient contents of the produced organic fertilizer were achieved when using 30% sludge mixed with 70% organic amendments (50% peanut shells + 50% coir fiber). This was selected and used for a vegetable cultivation experiment. For the reference treatment, only chemical fertilizer was applied, while in the other four treatments, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the chemical fertilizer were substituted with the organic fertilizer. A 25–50% reduction in the chemical fertilizer application resulted in better growth performance indices and final yields than the other treatments, including the reference treatment, for both crops. The highest yields of Malabar spinach and Amaranthus cruentus vegetables were found in Treatment 3 (50% chemical fertilizer combined with 50% organic fertilizer), followed by Treatment 2 (25% organic fertilizer combined with 75% inorganic fertilizer) (P < 0.05). The results show that the reuse of sludge from snakehead fish ponds mixed with agricultural by-products as organic fertilizer for vegetables not only improves vegetable productivity but also reduces the costs of chemical fertilizer and decreases environmental pollution.
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| 26. |
- Trinh, Minh Ngoc, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effective design and fabrication of low-power-consumption self-heated SnO2 nanowire sensors for reducing gases
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 295, s. 144-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing metal oxide gas sensors for internet-of-things (IoT) and portable applications require low-power consumption because of the limited battery in devices. This requirement is challenging because metal oxide sensors generally need high working temperatures, especially for reducing gases. Herein, we present an effective design and fabrication method of a SnO2 nanowire (NW) sensor for reducing gases by using the Joule heating effect at NW nanojunctions without needing an external or integrated heater. The sensor’s low-power consumption at around 4 mW was controlled by the size and nanojunction density of the device. The sensor has a simple design and is easy to fabricate. A proof-of-concept of a portable gas sensor module can be realised for monitoring highly toxic reducing gases, such as H 2S, NH3 and C2H5OH, by using the developed self-heated NWs.
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| 27. |
- Trinh, Minh Ngoc, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-heated Ag-decorated SnO2 nanowires with low power consumption used as a predictive virtual multisensor for H2S-selective sensing
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 1069, s. 108-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multisensor systems with low-power consumption are emerging for the Internet of Things. In this work, we demonstrate the use of self-heated networked Ag-decorated SnO2 NW sensors integrated into a portable module for selective detection of H2S gas at low power consumption, and the integrated system is simulated as a virtual multisensor under varying heating powers for identifying and quantifying different reducing gases. The H2S gas-sensing characterisations at the different self-heating powers of 2–10 mW showed that the gas response significantly increased with the increase in Ag density decoration and the heated power strongly affected the gas-sensing performance and sensor stability. Excellent response of 21.2 to 0.5 ppm H2S gas was obtained at a low heating power of 2 mW with an acceptable response/recovery time of 18/980 s. The increase of the heating power over 20 mW can destroy the devices. The integrated system could selectively detect H2S at the heating power below 4 mW and H2, C2H5OH and NH3gases at the heating power upon 4 mW. The virtual multisensor could discriminate qualitatively (with an accuracy of 100%) and quantitatively H2S, H2, NH3, C2H5OH (Ethanol) and CH3COCH3 (Aceton) gases with average errors of 13.5%, 14.7%, 16.8%, 16.9%, and 14.8%, respectively. The proposed sensing platform is a promising candidate for selective detection of H2S gas and virtual multisensor with low power consumption for mobile or wireless network devices.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 31. |
- Bui, Ha Thi Thu, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Gender Inequalities and Women's Utilization of Maternal Health Services : A Cross-Sectional Survey in Eight South Central Coast Provinces, Vietnam
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. - 1078-4659 .- 1550-5022. ; 24:2, s. S19-S27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gender inequalities influence the utilization of maternal health services in Vietnam, but little research has been published. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the association between gender inequalities and women's utilization of maternal health services in Vietnam.Methods: The study was conducted in 8 provinces in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam during August 2013 to May 2014. A total of 907 women who delivered a year prior to the date of interview participated in the study. A multiple logistic regression model was used to examine the association between gender inequalities (including sociodemographic determinants of health) and utilization of 4 or more antenatal care (ANC4+) services, institutional delivery, and ever used contraceptive methods.Results: The utilization rate of maternal health services was varied, from 53.9% for ANC4+ to 87.7% for ever used a contraceptive method and 97% for institutional delivery. Ethnicity was identified as the most influential variable out of all sociodemographic determinants of health. Regarding gender inequalities, couple communication was the only variable having significant association with women's utilization of maternal health services.Conclusion: Women's equal role within context of their daily life and relations with their husbands (discussing maternal care with husband and having equal income to husband) supported their use of maternal health services. Therefore, there should be concerted efforts from all relevant stakeholders including the health system to focus on disadvantaged women in planning and delivery of maternal health services, especially to ethnic minority women. Male involvement strategy should be implemented to promote maternal health care, especially during the prenatal and postpartum period. To provide more culturally sensitive and right-based approaches in delivery of maternal health services to disadvantaged women in Vietnam, interventions are recommended that promote male involvement, that is, to engage men in service delivery to adapt and ensure the most appropriate and effective maternal health care.
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| 32. |
- Chu, Dinh-Toi, et al.
(författare)
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An update on obesity : Mental consequences and psychological interventions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes & Metabolic syndrome. - : Elsevier. - 1871-4021 .- 1878-0334. ; 13:1, s. 155-160
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Besides physical consequences, obesity has negative psychological effects, thereby lowering human life quality. Major psychological consequences of this disorder includes depression, impaired body image, low self-esteem, eating disorders, stress and poor quality of life, which are correlated with age and gender. Physical interventions, mainly diet control and energy balance, have been widely applied to treat obesity; and some psychological interventions including behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy have showed some effects on obesity treatment. Other psychological therapies, such as relaxation and psychodynamic therapies, are paid less attention. This review aims to update scientific evidence regarding the mental consequences and psychological interventions for obesity. (c) 2018 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Dao, Trong Tuan, et al.
(författare)
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Resveratrol suppressed lps-induced cox-2 VIA miR-146a-5p inhibition in raw246.7 cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Farmacia. - 0014-8237. ; 65:2, s. 214-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trans-resveratrol (Res) is a well-known natural stilbene frequently found in grapes which have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-cancer activities and inhibited COX-2 expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and protein synthesis. In our research, resveratrol isolated from Vitis heyneana Roem. & Schult Vitis heyneana was observed to suppress lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced COX-2 expression in Raw264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner. Using qPCR it was revealed that LPS induced the expression of miR-25, miR- 125a, miR-125b, miR-146a-5p, miR-146a-3p and miR-455. However, we only observed miR-146a-5p expression significantly decreased in resveratrol compared to untreated-control group. In addition, resveratrol abrogated the effect of miR-146a-5p mimic induced-COX-2 expression in Raw264.7 cells. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time the involvement of miR-146a-5p in resveratrol inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 expression in Raw264.7 cells.
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| 34. |
- Duoc, Vo Thanh, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen gas sensor based on self-heating effect of SnO2/Pt thin film with ultralow power consumption
- 2024
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 61, s. 774-782
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-heating of sensing elements on gas sensors is an effective solution to avoid using external heaters. In this paper, a self-heated hydrogen gas sensor is presented. The sensor was created using the DC sputtering method, which involved fabricating it on a thermal-insulating Kapton flexible substrate. This process utilized a thin film of SnO2 with thick 50 nm that was modified with nanoclusters of Pt, serving as the sensing material. The SnO2/Pt material film was analyzed for microstructure and composition by SEM, XRD, and XPS analysis. Infrared images show that the self-heating effect is mainly concentrated in the strip of gas-sensitive material. It showed many good performances, such as high sensitivity (able to detect down to 50 ppm of H2), good selectivity (poor response to CO, NH3, H2S, and NO2), the sensor's performance is little changed by environmental humidity, and low power consumption (89 μW at 5V). The sensor is also stable and low-cost, suitable for portable H2 detection devices due to its low generated heat and small size.
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| 35. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 38. |
- Minh, Hoang Van, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco Control Policies in Vietnam : Review on MPOWER Implementation Progress and Challenges
- 2016
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Ingår i: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 1513-7368. ; 17, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Vietnam, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) took effect in March 2005 while MPOWER has been implemented since 2008. This paper describes the progress and challenges of implementation of the MPOWER package in Vietnam. We can report that, in term of monitoring, Vietnam is very active in the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, completing two rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and three rounds of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). To protect people from tobacco smoke, Vietnam has issued and enforced a law requiring comprehensive smoking bans at workplaces and public places since 2013. Tobacco advertising and promotion are also prohibited with the exception of points of sale displays of tobacco products. Violations come in the form of promotion girls, corporate social responsibility activities from tobacco manufacturers and packages displayed by retail vendors. Vietnam is one of the 77 countries that require pictorial health warnings to be printed on cigarette packages to warn about the danger of tobacco and the warnings have been implemented effectively. Cigarette tax is 70% of factory price which is equal to less than 45% of retail price and much lower than the recommendation of WHO. However, Vietnam is one of the very few countries that require manufacturers and importers to make "compulsory contributions" at 1-2% of the factory price of cigarettes sold in Vietnam for the establishment of a Tobacco Control Fund (TCF). The TCF is being operated well. In 2015, 67 units of 63 provinces/cities, 22 ministries and political-social organizations and 6 hospitals received funding from TCF to implement a wide range of tobacco control activities. Cessation services have been starting with a a toll-free quit-line but need to be further strengthened. In conclusion, Vietnam has constantly put efforts into the tobacco control field with high commitment from the government, scientists and activists. Though several remarkable achievements have been gained, many challenges remain. To overcome those challenges, implementation strategies that take into account the contextual factors and social determinants of tobacco use in Vietnam are needed.
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| 39. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 40. |
- Ngoc, Trinh Minh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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H2S Sensing Characteristics of Self-heated Ag-coated SnO2 nanowires
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the 12th Asian Conference on Chemical Sensors (ACCS2017). - Hanoi. ; , s. 350-353
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The H2S gas sensing characterization of gas sensors based on the SnO2 nanowires network has been reported by several research groups. However, the self-heated gas sensor using Ag-coated SnO2 nanowires network for sensing H2S was investigated the first times. In this study, we will report on the effected of density SnO2 nanowires network on H2S sensitivity. The SnO2 nanowires network density can be controlled bythe distance between sensor electrodes. After SnO2 nanowires decorated with Ag, the results showt hat the H2S gas sensing properties depend on the density of the SnO2 nanowires network. Asthe density of SnO2 nanowires network increases, the response of sensors decreases. Thesensor can operate at as low power as 2 mW to H2S gas concentration of 0.25 ppm. The responseand recovery times of sensor are about 200 s. Moreover, working at low operating power gives us the benefit of energy saving as well as the elongation of lifetime.
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| 41. |
- Nguyen, Xuan Thi Thanh, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of aflatoxin B \textlesssub\textgreater1\textless/sub\textgreater in maize and awareness of aflatoxins in Son La, Vietnam
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8686. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACTAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a fungal by-product which causes acute and chronic toxicity in humans and many other animals. This research was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of AFB1 contamination in maize and residents’ awareness of aflatoxins in Son La province, Vietnam. Maize samples were randomly collected from Son La province using multi-stage sampling. We used cut-off levels of 5 and 20 μg/kg and calculated the mean, median and range for each district. In addition, a questionnaire collected information from households about their knowledge, attitude and practice related to moldy maize. Out of 378 maize samples from Son La, 204 (54.0%) and 141 (37.3%) were contaminated with AFB1 at more than 5 µg/kg and 20 µg/kg, respectively. Mai Son district had the highest proportion of samples (54.0%) using a cut-off level \textgreater 20 µg/kg, and Yen Chau district the lowest (4%). People from the Thai ethnic group were 30.9 times more likely to consume meat from animals fed moldy maize than people from the Kinh ethn...
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| 42. |
- Pham-Thanh, Long, et al.
(författare)
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Dogs as Sentinels for Flavivirus Exposure in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Hanoi, Vietnam
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI. - 1999-4915. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diseases caused by flaviviruses, including dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis, are major health problems in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study explored the feasibility of domestic dogs as sentinels to better understand risks of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi city. A total of 475 dogs serum samples from 221 households in six districts of Hanoi were analyzed by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for antibodies to the pr-E protein of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses due to cross-reactivity. The overall flavivirus seroprevalence in the dog population was 70.7% (95% CI = 66.4-74.8%). At the animal level, significant associations between seropositive dogs and district location, age, breed and keeping practice were determined. At the household level, the major risk factors were rural and peri-urban locations, presence of pigs, coil burning and households without mosquito-borne disease experience (p < 0.05). Mosquito control by using larvicides or electric traps could lower seropositivity, but other measures did not contribute to significant risk mitigation of flavivirus exposure in dogs. These results will support better control of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi, and they indicate that dogs can be used as sentinels for flavivirus exposure.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Tan, Ha Minh, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-heating Effect on Tin Oxide Nanowire Network Gas Sensor
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-heated gas sensors have attracted much of interests owing to the ultra-low power consumption as well as simple device fabrication. However, it still requires further improvement to overcome some technical difficulties such as high operation voltage, long-term stability, and mass production. In this work, we propose a nanowire nework structure to solve these problems. The self-heating effect on fabricated structures was tested and working temperature was evaluated by base resistance measurement and infrared emission microscopy methods. The fabricated sensor consumed an electric power of about 40 mW to reach the working temperature up to 250 oC. The NO2 sensing properties were initially studied on this sensor structure.
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| 45. |
- Thoa, Nguyen Thi Minh, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of economic growth on health care utilization : a longitudinal study in rural Vietnam
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-9276. ; 12, s. Article nr 19-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: In many developing countries, including Vietnam, out-of-pocket payment is the principal source of health financing. The economic growth is widening the gap between rich and poor people in many aspects, including health care utilization. While inequities in health between high- and low-income groups have been well investigated, this study aims to investigate how the health care utilization changes when the economic condition is changing at a household level.METHOD: We analysed a panel data of 11,260 households in a rural district of Vietnam. Of the sample, 74.4% having an income increase between 2003 and 2007 were defined as households with economic growth. We used a double-differences propensity score matching technique to compare the changes in health care expenditure as percentage of total expenditure and health care utilization from 2003 to 2005, from 2003 to 2007, and from 2005 to 2007, between households with and without economic growth.RESULTS: Households with economic growth spent less percentage of their expenditure for health care, but used more provincial/central hospitals (higher quality health care services) than households without economic growth. The differences were statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that households with economic growth are better off also in terms of health services utilization. Efforts for reducing inequalities in health should therefore consider the inequality in income growth over time.
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| 46. |
- Tran, Quoc Cuong, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Ensemble Landslide Predictive Models Based on the Hyperpipes Algorithm : A Case Study in the Nam Dam Commune, Vietnam
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of landslide predictive models with strong prediction power has become a major focus of many researchers. This study describes the first application of the Hyperpipes (HP) algorithm for the development of the five novel ensemble models that combine the HP algorithm and the AdaBoost (AB), Bagging (B), Dagging, Decorate, and Real AdaBoost (RAB) ensemble techniques for mapping the spatial variability of landslide susceptibility in the Nam Dan commune, Ha Giang province, Vietnam. Information on 76 historical landslides and ten geo-environmental factors (slope degree, slope aspect, elevation, topographic wetness index, curvature, weathering crust, geology, river density, fault density, and distance from roads) were used for the construction of the training and validation datasets that are the prerequisites for building and testing the proposed models. Using different performance metrics (i.e., the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), negative predictive value, positive predictive value, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, root mean square error, and Kappa), we verified the proficiency of all five ensemble learning techniques in increasing the fitness and predictive powers of the base HP model. Based on the AUC values derived from the models, the ensemble ABHP model that yielded an AUC value of 0.922 was identified as the most efficient model for mapping the landslide susceptibility in the Nam Dan commune, followed by RABHP (AUC = 0.919), BHP (AUC = 0.909), Dagging-HP (AUC = 0.897), Decorate-HP (AUC = 0.865), and the single HP model (AUC = 0.856), respectively. The novel ensemble models proposed for the Nam Dan commune and the resultant susceptibility maps can aid land-use planners in the development of efficient mitigation strategies in response to destructive landslides.
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- Anh Nguyen, Viet, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance of a coarse media, high hydraulic load polishing wetland for steel industry wastewater
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA PUBLISHING. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 80:1, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the design of a constructed wetland (CW) system in an area with limited land availability, resulting in high hydraulic loads. The CW was constructed to act as a buffering/polishing step after stabilization ponds for steel industry wastewater post-treatment. A pilot test with two different filter media (50-100 mm vs 40-60 mm diameter) indicated that a flow rate increase from 49.5 m(3)/h to 122.4 m(3)/h would lead to a head loss increase from 2.9 cm to 8.7 cm, and more than double that for the finer gravel. This was substantially higher than the calculated theoretical values, though the relation with flow rate was similar. Four full scale wetland cells (CW1, CW2, CW3 and CW4) were constructed using the coarser gravel. A design value of total head loss of 1.01 m over the total system length, with a design flow of 36,000 m(3)/day, was expected based on pilot test results. During the first operation year (September 2017 to July 2018), the pond-CW system has received wastewater already meeting required discharge standards. The effluent from the CWs had consistently lower concentrations of all measured variables, and met the predicted values for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total nitrogen (TN) and NH4+-N. Highest removal efficiencies were achieved for NH4+-N (amp;gt; 90%), Mn (amp;gt; 60%) and Fe (45%) with removal efficiencies for TN (14%), BOD5 and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (around 30%). Concentrations of phenol, CN- and Cr6+ were below 10, 4 and 3 mu g/l, respectively, in in- and outflows. An appreciated benefit of the wetland was the green element in the industrial landscape.
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