| 1. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 2. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of (XcJ)-> K+K-K+K- decays
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 642:3, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using 14M psi(2S) events taken with the BESII detector, chi(cJ) -> 2(K+K-) decays are studied. For the four-kaon final state, the branching fractions are B(chi(c0,1,2) ->.2(K+K-)) = (3.48 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.47) x 10(-3), (0.70 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.10) x 10(-3), and (2.17 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3). For the phi K+K- final state, the branching fractions, which are measured for the first time, are B(chi(c0,1,2) -> phi K+K-) = (1.03 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.15) x 10(-3), (0.46 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.06) x 10(-3), and (1.67 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.24) x 10(-4). For the phi phi final state, B(chi(c0,2) -> phi phi) = (0.94 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.13) x 10(-3) and (1.70 +/- 0.30 +/- 0.25) x 10(-3).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Varela, AR, et al.
(författare)
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Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of physical activity & health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-5474 .- 1543-3080. ; 20:2, s. 112-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries. Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years. Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world’s population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world’s population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved. Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.
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| 11. |
- Yan, C., et al.
(författare)
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Size-dependent influence of NOx on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.
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| 12. |
- Albrechtsen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Exome sequencing-driven discovery of coding polymorphisms associated with common metabolic phenotypes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 56:2, s. 298-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human complex metabolic traits are in part regulated by genetic determinants. Here we applied exome sequencing to identify novel associations of coding polymorphisms at minor allele frequencies (MAFs) > 1% with common metabolic phenotypes. The study comprised three stages. We performed medium-depth (8x) whole exome sequencing in 1,000 cases with type 2 diabetes, BMI > 27.5 kg/m(2) and hypertension and in 1,000 controls (stage 1). We selected 16,192 polymorphisms nominally associated (p < 0.05) with case-control status, from four selected annotation categories or from loci reported to associate with metabolic traits. These variants were genotyped in 15,989 Danes to search for association with 12 metabolic phenotypes (stage 2). In stage 3, polymorphisms showing potential associations were genotyped in a further 63,896 Europeans. Exome sequencing identified 70,182 polymorphisms with MAF > 1%. In stage 2 we identified 51 potential associations with one or more of eight metabolic phenotypes covered by 45 unique polymorphisms. In meta-analyses of stage 2 and stage 3 results, we demonstrated robust associations for coding polymorphisms in CD300LG (fasting HDL-cholesterol: MAF 3.5%, p = 8.5 x 10(-14)), COBLL1 (type 2 diabetes: MAF 12.5%, OR 0.88, p = 1.2 x 10(-11)) and MACF1 (type 2 diabetes: MAF 23.4%, OR 1.10, p = 8.2 x 10(-10)). We applied exome sequencing as a basis for finding genetic determinants of metabolic traits and show the existence of low-frequency and common coding polymorphisms with impact on common metabolic traits. Based on our study, coding polymorphisms with MAF above 1% do not seem to have particularly high effect sizes on the measured metabolic traits.
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| 13. |
- Gu, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Quick Hot Shot & Young Surgeon Presentation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery. - 1248-9204. ; 19 Suppl 1, s. S77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Lehtipalo, Katrianne, et al.
(författare)
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Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 4:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH3) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NOx suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Langer, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 14:1, s. 28-117
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article. ©
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| 17. |
- Wagner, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber
- 2017
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 17:24, s. 15181-15197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere accounts for more than half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Experiments at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber have underlined the importance of ions for new particle formation, but quantifying their effect in the atmosphere remains challenging. By using a novel instrument setup consisting of two nanoparticle counters, one of them equipped with an ion filter, we were able to further investigate the ion-related mechanisms of new particle formation. In autumn 2015, we carried out experiments at CLOUD on four systems of different chemical compositions involving monoterpenes, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. We measured the influence of ions on the nucleation rates under precisely controlled and atmospherically relevant conditions. Our results indicate that ions enhance the nucleation process when the charge is necessary to stabilize newly formed clusters, i.e., in conditions in which neutral clusters are unstable. For charged clusters that were formed by ion-induced nucleation, we were able to measure, for the first time, their progressive neutralization due to recombination with oppositely charged ions. A large fraction of the clusters carried a charge at 1.5 nm diameter. However, depending on particle growth rates and ion concentrations, charged clusters were largely neutralized by ion-ion recombination before they grew to 2.5 nm. At this size, more than 90% of particles were neutral. In other words, particles may originate from ion-induced nucleation, although they are neutral upon detection at diameters larger than 2.5 nm. Observations at Hyytiala, Finland, showed lower ion concentrations and a lower contribution of ion-induced nucleation than measured at CLOUD under similar conditions. Although this can be partly explained by the observation that ion-induced fractions decrease towards lower ion concentrations, further investigations are needed to resolve the origin of the discrepancy.
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| 18. |
- Alpizar, F., et al.
(författare)
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A framework for selecting and designing policies to reduce marine plastic pollution in developing countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 109:July 2020, s. 25-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors The polluting of marine ecosystems with plastics is both a global and a local problem with potentially severe consequences for wildlife, economic activity, and human health. It is a problem that originates in countries’ inability to adequately manage the growing flow of waste. We use an impact pathway framework to trace the flow of plastics through the socio-ecological system and identify the role of specific policy instruments in achieving behavioral changes to reduce marine plastic waste. We produce a toolbox for finding a policy that is suitable for different countries. We use the impact pathway and toolbox to make country-specific recommendations that reflect the reality in each of the selected countries.
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| 19. |
- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 577:7789, s. 231-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1. Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood2. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0–59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards3–5. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth reference standards for a healthy population6. Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7; the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes8. Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa9, here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live1, aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications.
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| 20. |
- Lin, Fengxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Comment : On the nature of “unconventional twins” in magnesium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Acta Materialia Inc. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Unconventional twins” were reported by Cayron and Logé [1] to form in plastically deformed magnesium. They were used to show the occurrence of a new twinning mode which was used to argue for reconsidering the theory of deformation twinning that is based on simple shear [1], and to support a concept of axial weak twins [2]. Our paper demonstrates the incorrect interpretation of their electron back-scatter diffraction map in [1], and that the so-called “unconventional” twins are just conventional extension twins that have impinged with each other. Therefore, the so-called habit plane of the “unconventional twins” is a boundary resulting from impingement of these two different variants of the extension twin, and is therefore not expected to be invariant. © 2022 Acta Materialia Inc.
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| 21. |
- Nie, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - Malmö : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2) greatly impacts the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), the key precursors of secondary organic aerosols. It has been thought that HOM production can be significantly suppressed by NO even at low concentrations. Here, we perform dedicated experiments focusing on HOM formation from monoterpenes at low NO concentrations (0 – 82 pptv). We demonstrate that such low NO can enhance HOM production by modulating the RO2 loss and favoring the formation of alkoxy radicals that can continue to autoxidize through isomerization.These insights suggest that HOM yields from typical boreal forest emissions can vary between 2.5%-6.5%, and HOM formation will not be completely inhibited even at high NO concentrations. Our findings challenge the notion that NO monotonically reduces HOM yields by extending the knowledge of RO2-NO interactions to the low-NO regime. This represents a major advance towards an accurate assessment of HOM budgets, especially in low-NO environments, which prevails in the preindustrial atmosphere, pristine areas, and the upper boundary layer.
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| 22. |
- Owen, Christopher G, et al.
(författare)
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Does initial breastfeeding lead to lower blood cholesterol in adult life? A quantitative review of the evidence.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 88:2, s. 305-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Earlier studies have suggested that infant feeding may program long-term changes in cholesterol metabolism. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine whether breastfeeding is associated with lower blood cholesterol concentrations in adulthood. DESIGN: The study consisted of a systematic review of published observational studies relating initial infant feeding status to blood cholesterol concentrations in adulthood (ie, aged >16 y). Data were available from 17 studies (17 498 subjects; 12 890 breastfed, 4608 formula-fed). Mean differences in total cholesterol concentrations (breastfed minus formula-fed) were pooled by using fixed-effect models. Effects of adjustment (for age at outcome, socioeconomic position, body mass index, and smoking status) and exclusion (of nonexclusive breast feeders) were examined. RESULTS: Mean total blood cholesterol was lower (P = 0.037) among those ever breastfed than among those fed formula milk (mean difference: -0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.00 mmol/L). The difference in cholesterol between infant feeding groups was larger (P = 0.005) and more consistent in 7 studies that analyzed "exclusive" feeding patterns (-0.15 mmol/L; -0.23, -0.06 mmol/L) than in 10 studies that analyzed nonexclusive feeding patterns (-0.01 mmol/L; -0.06, 0.03 mmol/L). Adjustment for potential confounders including socioeconomic position, body mass index, and smoking status in adult life had minimal effect on these estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Initial breastfeeding (particularly when exclusive) may be associated with lower blood cholesterol concentrations in later life. Moves to reduce the cholesterol content of formula feeds below those of breast milk should be treated with caution.
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| 23. |
- Pelaz, B, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse Applications of Nanomedicine
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 11:3, s. 2313-2381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Sun, C., et al.
(författare)
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A facile approach toward multifunctional polyethersulfone membranes via in situ cross-linked copolymerization
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0920-5063 .- 1568-5624. ; 26:15, s. 1013-1034
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, multifunctional polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are prepared via in situ cross-linked copolymerization coupled with a liquid-liquid phase separation technique. Acrylic acid (AA) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) are copolymerized in PES solution, and the solution is then directly used to prepare PES membranes. The infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy testing, scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle measurements confirm the successful modification of pristine PES membrane. Protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, plasma recalcification time, and activated partial thromboplastin time assays convince that the modified PES membranes have a better biocompatibility than pristine PES membrane. In addition, the modified membranes showed good protein antifouling property and significant adsorption property of cationic dye. The loading of Ag nanoparticles into the modified membranes endows the composite membranes with antibacterial activity.
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| 25. |
- Almet, Axel A., et al.
(författare)
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A Roadmap for a Consensus Human Skin Cell Atlas and Single-Cell Data Standardization
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-202X .- 1523-1747. ; 143:9, s. 1667-1677
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-cell technologies have become essential to driving discovery in both basic and translational investigative dermatology. Despite the multitude of available datasets, a central reference atlas of normal human skin, which can serve as a reference resource for skin cell types, cell states, and their molecular signatures, is still lacking. For any such atlas to receive broad acceptance, participation by many investigators during atlas construction is an essential prerequisite. As part of the Human Cell Atlas project, we have assembled a Skin Biological Network to build a consensus Human Skin Cell Atlas and outline a roadmap toward that goal. We define the drivers of skin diversity to be considered when selecting sequencing datasets for the atlas and list practical hurdles during skin sampling that can result in data gaps and impede comprehensive representation and technical considerations for tissue processing and computational analysis, the accounting for which should minimize biases in cell type enrichments and exclusions and decrease batch effects. By outlining our goals for Atlas 1.0, we discuss how it will uncover new aspects of skin biology.
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| 26. |
- Ballantyne, Kaye N., et al.
(författare)
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Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 35:8, s. 1021-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, greater than99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.
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| 27. |
- Burr, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Cell lineage-specific mitochondrial resilience during mammalian organogenesis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 186:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondrial activity differs markedly between organs, but it is not known how and when this arises. Here we show that cell lineage-specific expression profiles involving essential mitochondrial genes emerge at an early stage in mouse development, including tissue-specific isoforms present before organ formation. However, the nuclear transcriptional signatures were not independent of organelle function. Genetically disrupting intra-mitochondrial protein synthesis with two different mtDNA mutations induced cell lineage-specific compensatory responses, including molecular pathways not previously implicated in organellar maintenance. We saw downregulation of genes whose expression is known to exacerbate the effects of exogenous mito-chondrial toxins, indicating a transcriptional adaptation to mitochondrial dysfunction during embryonic devel-opment. The compensatory pathways were both tissue and mutation specific and under the control of tran-scription factors which promote organelle resilience. These are likely to contribute to the tissue specificity which characterizes human mitochondrial diseases and are potential targets for organ-directed treatments.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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VIP: an integrated pipeline for metagenomics of virus identification and discovery
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification and discovery of viruses using next-generation sequencing technology is a fast-developing area with potential wide application in clinical diagnostics, public health monitoring and novel virus discovery. However, tremendous sequence data from NGS study has posed great challenge both in accuracy and velocity for application of NGS study. Here we describe VIP ("Virus Identification Pipeline"), a one-touch computational pipeline for virus identification and discovery from metagenomic NGS data. VIP performs the following steps to achieve its goal: (i) map and filter out background-related reads, (ii) extensive classification of reads on the basis of nucleotide and remote amino acid homology, (iii) multiple k-mer based de novo assembly and phylogenetic analysis to provide evolutionary insight. We validated the feasibility and veracity of this pipeline with sequencing results of various types of clinical samples and public datasets. VIP has also contributed to timely virus diagnosis (similar to 10 min) in acutely ill patients, demonstrating its potential in the performance of unbiased NGS-based clinical studies with demand of short turnaround time. VIP is released under GPLv3 and is available for free download at: https://github.com/keylabivdc/VIP.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Luo, J., et al.
(författare)
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Accurate targeting in robot-assisted TCM pulse diagnosis using adaptive sensor fusion
- 2019
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Ingår i: Periodicals of engineering and natural sciences. - : International University of Sarajevo. - 2303-4521. ; 7:1, s. 381-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate targeting plays an important role in the study of human-robot interaction under dynamic environments. Especially for robot-assisted Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis, the localization and accuracy of diagnose positions at wrist needs to be addressed. In this work, imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) which measures the physiological changes of blood flow in artery is used as an extra modal information in addition to computer vision at localization, to alleviate the effect of approaching distance varying during the robot arm movement. Both computer vision and iPPG are fed into an adaptive fusion expert of convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture, and this boosts the accuracy at targeting of TCM radial artery at wrist. A coherence weight of their contributions was calculated and reflected the adaptation of the CNN to distance varying.
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| 34. |
- Nie, Z H, et al.
(författare)
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Direct evidence of detwinning in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys during deformation
- 2008
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 104:10, s. 103519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction and high-energy x-ray diffraction techniques were used to reveal the preferred reselection of martensite variants through a detwinning process in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys under uniaxial compressive stress. The variant reorientation via detwinning during loading can be explained by considering the influence of external stress on the grain/variant orientation-dependent distortion energy. These direct observations of detwinning provide a good understanding of the deformation mechanisms in shape memory alloys.
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| 35. |
- Nieminen, Tuomo, et al.
(författare)
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Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 18:19, s. 14737-14756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles, and growth rates in the size range of 10-25 nm using at least 1 year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majority of these measurement sites are in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the NPF frequency has a strong seasonal variability. At the measurement sites analyzed in this study, NPF occurs most frequently in March-May (on about 30 % of the days) and least frequently in December-February (about 10 % of the days). The median formation rate of 10 nm particles varies by about 3 orders of magnitude (0.01-10 cm(-3) s(-1)) and the growth rate by about an order of magnitude (1-10 nm h(-1)). The smallest values of both formation and growth rates were observed at polar sites and the largest ones in urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. The correlation between the NPF event frequency and the particle formation and growth rate was at best moderate among the different measurement sites, as well as among the sites belonging to a certain environmental regime. For a better understanding of atmospheric NPF and its regional importance, we would need more observational data from different urban areas in practically all parts of the world, from additional remote and rural locations in North America, Asia, and most of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), from polar areas, and from at least a few locations over the oceans.
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| 36. |
- Partelow, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Aquaculture governance : five engagement arenas for sustainability transformation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A greater focus on governance is needed to facilitate effective and substantive progress toward sustainability transformations in the aquaculture sector. Concerted governance efforts can help move the sector beyond fragmented technical questions associated with intensification and expansion, social and environmental impacts, and toward system-based approaches that address interconnected sustainability issues. Through a review and expert-elicitation process, we identify five engagement arenas to advance a governance agenda for aquaculture sustainability transformation: (1) setting sustainability transformation goals, (2) cross-sectoral linkages, (3) land–water–sea connectivity, (4) knowledge and innovation, and (5) value chains. We then outline the roles different actors and modes of governance can play in fostering sustainability transformations, and discuss action items for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to operationalize activities within their engagement arenas.
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| 37. |
- Peng, Ru, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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In situ neutron diffraction study of micromechanical interactions and phase transformation in Ni-Mn-Ga alloy under uniaxial and hydrostatic stress
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 20:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the experimental study of stress-induced phase transformation in a polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga alloy under uniaxial compression and its powder under hydrostatic compression. In situ neutron diffraction experiments were employed to follow changes in the structure and lattice strains caused by the applied stresses. Large lattice strains that are dependent on the lattice planes or grain orientations were observed in the parent Heusler phase for both the bulk material and the powder sample. The development of such anisotropic strains and the influence of external load conditions are discussed in the paper. © IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Wang, Xuying, et al.
(författare)
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Location of cobalt impurities in stainless steel 316L and changes in composition and thickness of the surface oxide in relation to metal release in synthetic biological fluids
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since 2021, cobalt (Co) is in Europe classified as carcinogen in quantities exceeding 0.1 wt.-%. This affects nickel-rich stainless steels, which contain about 0.2 wt.-% Co impurities. Previous findings show the bioaccessibility of Co in stainless steel to be primarily determined by the corrosion resistance. It has been unclear whether Co is distributed heterogeneously in the alloy and the outermost surface and whether a specific location would pose a risk for Co release under specific exposure conditions. This study aimed at locating Co in austenitic stainless steel 316L (0.2 wt.-% Co) prior to and after exposure to different synthetic body fluids for 24 h at 37 °C. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) investigated the location of Co in the surface oxide and extent of release along with other metals (iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese) into synthetic biological fluids (gastric fluid, pH 1.5; lysosomal fluid, pH 4.5; phosphate buffered saline-PBS, pH 7.4). Co was homogeneously distributed along with metallic nickel beneath the surface oxide and co-released with other metals upon surface reformation and passivation. Exposure in PBS resulted in the incorporation of both Co and phosphate in the oxide.
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| 42. |
- Wang, Xuying, et al.
(författare)
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Location of cobalt impurities in the surface oxide of stainless steel 316L and metal release in synthetic biological fluids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 215, s. 110524-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2021, cobalt (Co) is in Europe classified as carcinogen in quantities exceeding 0.1 wt-%. This affects nickel-rich stainless steels, which contain about 0.2 wt-% Co impurities. Previous findings show the bioaccessibility of Co in stainless steel to be primarily determined by the corrosion resistance. It has been unclear whether Co is distributed heterogeneously in the alloy and the outermost surface and whether a specific location would pose a risk for Co release under specific exposure conditions. This study aimed at locating Co in stainless steel 316L (0.2 wt-% Co) surfaces prior to and after exposure to different synthetic body fluids for 24 h at 37 °C. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) investigated the location of Co in the surface oxide and extent of release along with other metals (iron, chromium, nickel, and manganese) into synthetic biological fluids (gastric fluid, pH 1.5; lysosomal fluid, pH 4.5; phosphate buffered saline-PBS, pH 7.4). Co was homogeneously distributed along with metallic nickel beneath the surface oxide and co-released with other metals upon surface reformation and passivation. Exposure in PBS resulted in the incorporation of both Co and phosphate in the oxide.
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| 43. |
- Wang, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Erythropoietin prevents necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most severe complications in very preterm infants, but there are currently no accepted methods to prevent NEC. Studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) has the potential to prevent NEC or improve outcomes of preterm NEC. This study aimed to determine whether recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) could protect against NEC in very preterm infants. Methods: The study was a prospective randomized clinical trial performed among four NICU centers. A total of 1327 preterm infants with gestational age <= 32 weeks were admitted to the centers, and 42 infants were excluded leaving 1285 eligible infants to be randomized to the rhEPO or control group. Infants in the rhEPO group were given 500 IU/kg rhEPO intravenously every other day for 2 weeks, while the control group was given the same volume of saline. The primary outcome was the incidence of NEC in very preterm infants at 36 weeks of corrected gestational age. Results: A total of 1285 infants were analyzed at 36 weeks of corrected age for the incidence of NEC. rhEPO treatment significantly decreased the incidence of NEC (stage I, II and III) (12.0% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.010), especially confirmed NEC (stage II and III) (3.0% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.027). Meanwhile, rhEPO treatment significantly reduced the number of red blood cells transfusion in the confirmed NEC cases (1.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.7 +/- 1.0, p = 0.004). Subgroup analyses showed that rhEPO treatment significantly decreased the incidence of confirmed NEC at gestational age < 28 weeks (p = 0.019), and the incidence of all stages NEC in preterm infants with hemoglobin < 90 g/l (p = 0.000) and 5 min Apgar score > 5 (p = 0.028). Conclusion: Repeated low-dose rhEPO treatment is beneficial against NEC in very preterm infants.
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| 44. |
- Xie, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of multilayer perceptual neural network in glomerular filtration rate evaluation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Nephrology. - : Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. - 1001-7097. ; 38:5, s. 369-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To develop a neural network model for the evaluation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on multilayer perceptual neural network, and to compare with the improved Chinese based creatinine GFR evaluation formula (C - GFRcr) and the evaluation formula (EPI - GFRcr) of the American Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) for the clinical applicability of multilayer perceptual neural network model in evaluating GFR. Methods A total of 684 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients used for developing a modified version of China′s based creatinine GFR evaluation formula were taken as the research object. The data of 454 patients were randomly selected as the development group and the data of the other 230 patients were as the verification group. The multilayer perceptual neural network GFR evaluation model (M - GFRcr) was established. With the double plasma GFR as the reference value (rGFR), the correlation, mean difference, mean absolute difference, precision and accuracy of C - GFRcr, EPI - GFRcr and M - GFRcr were compared. Results Among the 684 CKD patients, there were 352 males and 332 females, with age of (49.9 ± 15.8) years. The correlation between M - GFRcr and rGFR was the highest (Pearson correlation =0.93, P＜0.001). The mean difference of M - GFRcr was lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=9.929, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=10.573, P＜0.001). The mean absolute difference of M - GFRcr was also lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=3.953, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=4.210, P＜0.001). The accuracy of ± 15% of M - GFRcr was higher than that of C - GFRcr (χ2=26.068, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (χ2=23.154, P＜0.001). The accuracy of ±30% of M-GFRcr was also higher than that of C-GFRcr (χ2=8.264, P=0.001) and EPI-GFRcr (χ2=11.963, P=0.001). The results of different stages of CKD showed that in the early stage of CKD (CKD 1-2), the mean difference of M - GFRcr was lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=7.401, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=8.096, P ＜ 0.001); the mean absolute difference of M - GFRcr was also lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=4.723, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=4.946, P＜0.001); the accuracy of ±15% of M - GFRcr was higher than that of C - GFRcr (χ2=23.547, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (χ2=26.421, P＜0.001); the accuracy of ± 30% of M - GFRcr was also higher than that of C - GFRcr (χ2=12.089, P=0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (χ2=16.168, P ＜ 0.001). But there was no significant difference in the applicability among C - GFRcr, EPI - GFRcr and M - GFRcr in the advanced stages of CKD (CKD 3-5). Conclusion Compared with the improved Chinese based creatinine GFR evaluation formula C - GFRcr and CKD - EPI evaluation formula EPI - GFRcr, the accuracy of multilayer perceptual neural network model to evaluate GFR in CKD patients has been significantly improved, especially in CKD 1-2 stage.
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| 45. |
- Yang, YL, et al.
(författare)
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Discontinuation of anti-VEGF cancer therapy promotes metastasis through a liver revascularization mechanism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7, s. 12680-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of discontinuation of anti-VEGF cancer therapy in promoting cancer metastasis is unknown. Here we show discontinuation of anti-VEGF treatment creates a time-window of profound structural changes of liver sinusoidal vasculatures, exhibiting hyper-permeability and enlarged open-pore sizes of the fenestrated endothelium and loss of VE-cadherin. The drug cessation caused highly leaky hepatic vasculatures permit tumour cell intravasation and extravasation. Discontinuation of an anti-VEGF antibody-based drug and sunitinib markedly promotes liver metastasis. Mechanistically, host hepatocyte, but not tumour cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is responsible for cancer metastasis. Deletion of hepatocyte VEGF markedly ablates the ‘off-drug’-induced metastasis. These findings provide mechanistic insights on anti-VEGF cessation-induced metastasis and raise a new challenge for uninterrupted and sustained antiangiogenic therapy for treatment of human cancers.
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| 46. |
- Zhao, Baodan, et al.
(författare)
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High Open-Circuit Voltages in Tin-Rich Low-Bandgap Perovskite-Based Planar Heterojunction Photovoltaics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-bandgap CH3NH3(PbxSn1–x)I3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) hybrid perovskites (e.g., ≈1.5–1.1 eV) demonstrating high surface coverage and superior optoelectronic properties are fabricated. State-of-the-art photovoltaic (PV) performance is reported with power conversion efficiencies approaching 10% in planar heterojunction architecture with small (<450 meV) energy loss compared to the bandgap and high (>100 cm2 V−1s−1) intrinsic carrier mobilities.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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