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1.	Kehoe, Laura, et al. (författare) Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable 2019 Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341- Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
2.	Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare) Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density 2020 Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
3.	Dengjel, Joern, et al. (författare) Identification of Autophagosome-associated Proteins and Regulators by Quantitative Proteomic Analysis and Genetic Screens 2012 Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 11:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Autophagy is one of the major intracellular catabolic pathways, but little is known about the composition of autophagosomes. To study the associated proteins, we isolated autophagosomes from human breast cancer cells using two different biochemical methods and three stimulus types: amino acid deprivation or rapamycin or concanamycin A treatment. The autophagosome- associated proteins were dependent on stimulus, but a core set of proteins was stimulus- independent. Remarkably, proteasomal proteins were abundant among the stimulus- independent common autophagosome- associated proteins, and the activation of autophagy significantly decreased the cellular proteasome level and activity supporting interplay between the two degradation pathways. A screen of yeast strains defective in the orthologs of the human genes encoding for a common set of autophagosome- associated proteins revealed several regulators of autophagy, including subunits of the retromer complex. The combined spatiotemporal proteomic and genetic data sets presented here provide a basis for further characterization of autophagosome biogenesis and cargo selection.
4.	Feizi, Amir, 1980, et al. (författare) Genome-Scale Modeling of the Protein Secretory Machinery in Yeast 2013 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 8:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The protein secretory machinery in Eukarya is involved in post-translational modification (PTMs) and sorting of the secretory and many transmembrane proteins. While the secretory machinery has been well-studied using classic reductionist approaches, a holistic view of its complex nature is lacking. Here, we present the first genome-scale model for the yeast secretory machinery which captures the knowledge generated through more than 50 years of research. The model is based on the concept of a Protein Specific Information Matrix (PSIM: characterized by seven PTMs features). An algorithm was developed which mimics secretory machinery and assigns each secretory protein to a particular secretory class that determines the set of PTMs and transport steps specific to each protein. Protein abundances were integrated with the model in order to gain system level estimation of the metabolic demands associated with the processing of each specific protein as well as a quantitative estimation of the activity of each component of the secretory machinery.
5.	Fransson, Dan, 1980, et al. (författare) Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players : speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training 2018 Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 118:1, s. 111-121 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To examine the skeletal muscle and performance responses across two different exercise training modalities which are highly applied in soccer training. Using an RCT design, 39 well-trained male soccer players were randomized into either a speed endurance training (SET; n = 21) or a small-sided game group (SSG; n = 18). Over 4 weeks, thrice weekly, SET performed 6-10 x 30-s all-out runs with 3-min recovery, while SSG completed 2 x 7-9-min small-sided games with 2-min recovery. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis pre and post intervention and were subsequently analysed for metabolic enzyme activity and muscle protein expression. Moreover, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) was performed. Muscle CS maximal activity increased (P < 0.05) by 18% in SET only, demonstrating larger (P < 0.05) improvement than SSG, while HAD activity increased (P < 0.05) by 24% in both groups. Na+-K+ ATPase alpha(1) subunit protein expression increased (P < 0.05) in SET and SSG (19 and 37%, respectively), while MCT4 protein expression rose (P < 0.05) by 30 and 61% in SET and SSG, respectively. SOD2 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 28 and 37% in SET and SSG, respectively, while GLUT-4 protein expression increased (P < 0.05) by 40% in SSG only. Finally, SET displayed 39% greater improvement (P < 0.05) in Yo-Yo IR2 performance than SSG. Speed endurance training improved muscle oxidative capacity and exercise performance more pronouncedly than small-sided game training, but comparable responses were in muscle ion transporters and antioxidative capacity in well-trained male soccer players.
6.	Grand, J., et al. (författare) Serum tau fragments as predictors of death or poor neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 2019 Ingår i: Biomarkers. - 1354-750X. ; 24:6, s. 584-591 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Anoxic brain injury is the primary cause of death after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and prognostication is challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two fragments of tau as serum biomarkers for neurological outcome. Methods: Single-center sub-study of 171 patients included in the Target Temperature Management (TTM) Trial randomly assigned to TTM at 33 °C or TTM at 36 °C for 24 h after OHCA. Fragments (tau-A and tau-C) of the neuronal protein tau were measured in serum 24, 48 and 72 h after OHCA. The primary endpoint was neurological outcome. Results: Median (quartile 1–quartile 3) tau-A (ng/ml) values were 58 (43–71) versus 51 (43–67), 72 (57–84) versus 71 (59–82) and 76 (61–92) versus 75 (64–89) for good versus unfavourable outcome at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively (pgroup = 0.95). Median tau C (ng/ml) values were 38 (29–50) versus 36 (29–49), 49 (38–58) versus 48 (33–59) and 48 (39–59) versus 48 (36–62) (pgroup = 0.95). Tau-A and tau-C did not predict neurological outcome (area under the receiver-operating curve at 48 h; tau-A: 0.51 and tau-C: 0.51). Conclusions: Serum levels of tau fragments were unable to predict neurological outcome after OHCA. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
7.	Hadad, Ronza, 1984-, et al. (författare) A Chlamydia trachomatis 23S rRNA G1523A variant escaping detection in the Aptima Combo 2 assay (Hologic) was widespread across Denmark in July-September 2019 2020 Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 128:6, s. 440-444 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are recommended for highly sensitive and specific diagnosis. In early 2019, the Finnish new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (FI-nvCT) was identified. The FI-nvCT has a C1515T mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, making it escaping detection in the Aptima Combo 2 (AC2; Hologic) NAAT, and the FI-nvCT has been subsequently reported in Sweden and Norway. In the present study, we investigated the presence of the FI-nvCT and other AC2 diagnostic-escape CT mutants in July-September 2019 in Denmark. The FI-nvCT was present but rare in Denmark. However, another AC2 diagnostic-escape CT mutant (with a 23S rRNA G1523A mutation) was found to be widespread across Denmark, accounting for 95% (76/80) of AC2 diagnostic-escape nvCT samples from five Danish CT-diagnostic laboratories. This nvCT-G1523A has previously only been detected in one single sample in the United Kingdom and Norway, respectively. It is vital to monitor the continued stability of the NAAT targets in local, national and international settings and monitor as well as appropriately analyse incidence, unexplained shifts in diagnostics rates, and/or annual collections of samples diagnosed as negative/equivocal using NAATs with different target(s). Furthermore, diagnostic CT NAATs with dual target sequences are crucial and fortunately, an updated Hologic AC2 assay including one additional target sequence is in advanced development.
8.	Hou, Jin, 1982, et al. (författare) Heat shock response improves heterologous protein secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2013 Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0614 .- 0175-7598. ; 97:8, s. 3559-3568 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely used platform for the production of heterologous proteins of medical or industrial interest. However, heterologous protein productivity is often low due to limitations of the host strain. Heat shock response (HSR) is an inducible, global, cellular stress response, which facilitates the cell recovery from many forms of stress, e.g., heat stress. In S. cerevisiae, HSR is regulated mainly by the transcription factor heat shock factor (Hsf1p) and many of its targets are genes coding for molecular chaperones that promote protein folding and prevent the accumulation of mis-folded or aggregated proteins. In this work, we over-expressed a mutant HSF1 gene HSF1-R206S which can constitutively activate HSR, so the heat shock response was induced at different levels, and we studied the impact of HSR on heterologous protein secretion. We found that moderate and high level over-expression of HSF1-R206S increased heterologous alpha-amylase yield 25 and 70 % when glucose was fully consumed, and 37 and 62 % at the end of the ethanol phase, respectively. Moderate and high level over-expression also improved endogenous invertase yield 118 and 94 %, respectively. However, human insulin precursor was only improved slightly and this only by high level over-expression of HSF1-R206S, supporting our previous findings that the production of this protein in S. cerevisiae is not limited by secretion. Our results provide an effective strategy to improve protein secretion and demonstrated an approach that can induce ER and cytosolic chaperones simultaneously.
9.	Hou, Jin, 1982, et al. (författare) Management of the endoplasmic reticulum stress by activation of the heat shock response in yeast 2014 Ingår i: FEMS Yeast Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1567-1356 .- 1567-1364. ; 14:3, s. 481-494 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is mediated by Hac1p. The heat shock response (HSR) mediated by Hsf1p, mainly regulates cytosolic processes and protects the cell from stresses. Here, we find that a constitutive activation of the HSR could increase ER stress resistance in both wild-type and UPR-deficient cells. Activation of HSR decreased UPR activation in the WT (as shown by the decreased HAC1 mRNA splicing). We analyzed the genome-wide transcriptional response in order to propose regulatory mechanisms that govern the interplay between UPR and HSR and followed up for the hypotheses by experiments in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, we found that the regulation of ER stress response via HSR is (1) only partially dependent on over-expression of Kar2p (ER resident chaperone induced by ER stress); (2) does not involve the increase in protein turnover via the proteasome activity; (3) is related to the oxidative stress response. From the transcription data, we also propose that HSR enhances ER stress resistance mainly through facilitation of protein folding and secretion. We also find that HSR coordinates multiple stress-response pathways, including the repression of the overall transcription and translation.
10.	Krause, Gesche, et al. (författare) Prospects of Low Trophic Marine Aquaculture Contributing to Food Security in a Net Zero-Carbon World 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2571-581X. ; 6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To limit compromising the integrity of the planet, a shift is needed towards food production with low environmental impacts and low carbon footprint. How to put such transformative change towards sustainable food production whilst ensuring food security into practice remains a challenge and will require transdisciplinary approaches. Combining expertise from natural- and social sciences as well as industry perspectives, an alternative vision for the future in the marine realm is proposed. This vision includes moving towards aquaculture mainly of low trophic marine (LTM) species. Such shift may enable a blue transformation that can support a sustainable blue economy. It includes a whole new perspective and proactive development of policy-making which considers, among others, the context-specific nature of allocation of marine space and societal acceptance of new developments, over and above the decarbonization of food production, vis a vis reducing regulatory barriers for the industry for LTM whilst acknowledging the complexities of upscaling and outscaling. This needs to be supported by transdisciplinary research co-produced with consumers and wider public, as a blue transformation towards accelerating LTM aquaculture opportunities in a net zero-carbon world can only occur by considering the demands of society.
11.	Lilja, Gisela, et al. (författare) Effects of Hypothermia vs Normothermia on Societal Participation and Cognitive Function at 6 Months in Survivors After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest A Predefined Analysis of the TTM2 Randomized Clinical Trial 2023 Ingår i: Jama Neurology. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 80:10, s. 1070-1079 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract IMPORTANCE The Targeted Hypothermia vs Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial reported no difference in mortality or poor functional outcome at 6 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This predefined exploratory analysis provides more detailed estimation of brain dysfunction for the comparison of the 2 intervention regimens. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of targeted hypothermia vs targeted normothermia on functional outcome with focus on societal participation and cognitive function in survivors 6 months after OHCA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study is a predefined analysis of an international multicenter, randomized clinical trial that took place from November 2017 to January 2020 and included participants at 61 hospitals in 14 countries. A structured follow-up for survivors performed at 6 months was by masked outcome assessors. The last follow-up took place in October 2020. Participants included 1861 adult (older than 18 years) patients with OHCA who were comatose at hospital admission. At 6 months, 939 of 1861 were alive and invited to a follow-up, of which 103 of 939 declined or were missing. INTERVENTIONS Randomization 1:1 to temperature control with targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C or targeted normothermia and early treatment of fever (37.8 degrees C or higher). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Functional outcome focusing on societal participation assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended ([GOSE] 1 to 8) and cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ([MoCA] 0 to 30) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test ([SDMT] z scores). Higher scores represent better outcomes. RESULTS At 6 months, 836 of 939 survivors with a mean age of 60 (SD, 13) (range, 18 to 88) years (700 of 836 male [84%]) participated in the follow-up. There were no differences between the 2 intervention groups in functional outcome focusing on societal participation (GOSE score, odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.17; P =.46) or in cognitive function by MoCA (mean difference, 0.36; 95% CI,-0.33 to 1.05; P =.37) and SDMT (mean difference, 0.06; 95% CI,-0.16 to 0.27; P =.62). Limitations in societal participation (GOSE score less than 7) were common regardless of intervention (hypothermia, 178 of 415 [43%]; normothermia, 168 of 419 [40%]). Cognitive impairment was identified in 353 of 599 survivors (59%). CONCLUSIONS In this predefined analysis of comatose patients after OHCA, hypothermia did not lead to better functional outcome assessed with a focus on societal participation and cognitive function than management with normothermia. At 6 months, many survivors had not regained their pre-arrest activities and roles, and mild cognitive dysfunction was common.
12.	Liu, Zihe, 1984, et al. (författare) Anaerobic alpha-Amylase Production and Secretion with Fumarate as the Final Electron Acceptor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2013 Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 1098-5336 .- 0099-2240. ; 79:9, s. 2962-2967 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this study, we focus on production of heterologous alpha-amylase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under anaerobic conditions. We compare the metabolic fluxes and transcriptional regulation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with the objective of identifying the final electron acceptor for protein folding under anaerobic conditions. We find that yeast produces more amylase under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions, and we propose a model for electron transfer under anaerobic conditions. According to our model, during protein folding the electrons from the endoplasmic reticulum are transferred to fumarate as the final electron acceptor. This model is supported by findings that the addition of fumarate under anaerobic (but not aerobic) conditions improves cell growth, specifically in the alpha-amylase-producing strain, in which it is not used as a carbon source. Our results provide a model for the molecular mechanism of anaerobic protein secretion using fumarate as the final electron acceptor, which may allow for further engineering of yeast for improved protein secretion under anaerobic growth conditions.
13.	Liu, Zihe, 1984, et al. (författare) Improved Production of a Heterologous Amylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Inverse Metabolic Engineering 2014 Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 1098-5336 .- 0099-2240. ; 80:17, s. 5542-5550 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The increasing demand for industrial enzymes and biopharmaceutical proteins relies on robust production hosts with high protein yield and productivity. Being one of the best-studied model organisms and capable of performing posttranslational modifications, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a cell factory for recombinant protein production. However, many recombinant proteins are produced at only 1% (or less) of the theoretical capacity due to the complexity of the secretory pathway, which has not been fully exploited. In this study, we applied the concept of inverse metabolic engineering to identify novel targets for improving protein secretion. Screening that combined UV-random mutagenesis and selection for growth on starch was performed to find mutant strains producing heterologous amylase 5-fold above the level produced by the reference strain. Genomic mutations that could be associated with higher amylase secretion were identified through whole-genome sequencing. Several single-point mutations, including an S196I point mutation in the VTA1 gene coding for a protein involved in vacuolar sorting, were evaluated by introducing these to the starting strain. By applying this modification alone, the amylase secretion could be improved by 35%. As a complement to the identification of genomic variants, transcriptome analysis was also performed in order to understand on a global level the transcriptional changes associated with the improved amylase production caused by UV mutagenesis.
14.	Nerenst, Tim Brix, et al. (författare) Probabilistic Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Medical Plastic Moulded Components Subject to Large Scale Production 2021 Ingår i: ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings (IMECE). - 9780791885567 ; 2B-2021 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A new medical device can take years to develop from early concept to product launch. The long development process can be attributed to the severe consequences for the patient if the device malfunctions. Three approaches are often combined to mitigate risks: rigorous simulation and modeling, physical test programs, and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) - all of which are time-consuming. Physical test programs are often carried out on prototype components from the same batch and, therefore, limited in revealing the actual distribution of performance. The risk probabilities are subsequently based on educated guesses. Furthermore, simulation and modeling are usually performed on nominal geometry - not accounting for variation - and only provide a safety factor against failure. The traditional use of safety factors in structural analysis versus the probabilistic approach to risk management presents an obvious misfit. Therefore, these three approaches are not ideal for addressing the two key questions that the design engineer has: 1) How often will the design fail, and 2) How should the design be changed to improve robustness and failure rates. The present work builds upon the existing Robust and Reliability-Based Design Optimization (R2BDO) and adjusts it to address the key questions above using finite element analysis. The key feature of the new framework is the focus on minimal use of computational resources while being able to screen feasible design concepts early in the embodiment phase and subsequently optimize their probabilistic performance. A case study in collaboration with a medical design and manufacturing company demonstrates the new framework. The case study includes FEA contact modeling between two plastic molded components with twelve geometrical variables. The optimization focuses on minimizing the failure rate (and improving design robustness) concerning three constraint functions (contact pressure, strain, torque). The study finds that the new framework achieves significant improvements to the component’s performance function (failure rate) with minimal computational resources.
15.	Tim Brix Nerenst, Tim Brix, et al. (författare) Sequential Design Process for Screening and Optimization of Robust and Reliability Based on Finite Element Analysis and Meta-Modelling 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 22:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A new medical device can take years to develop from early concept to product launch. Three approaches are often combined to mitigate risks: Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), simulation and modeling, and physical test programs. Although widely used, all three approaches are generally time-consuming and have their shortcomings: The risk probabilities in FMEA's are often based on educated guesses, even in later development stages as data on the distribution of performance is not available. Thus, the traditional use of safety factors in structural analysis versus the probabilistic approach to risk management presents an obvious misfit. Therefore, the above three approaches are not ideal for addressing the design engineer's key question; how should the design be changed to improve robustness and failure rates. The present work builds upon the existing Robust and Reliability-Based Design Optimization (R2BDO) and adjusts it to address the key questions above using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The two main features of the presented framework are screening feasible design concepts early in the embodiment phase and subsequently optimizing the design's probabilistic performance (i.e., reduce failure rates) while using minimal computational resources. A case study in collaboration with a medical design and manufacturing company demonstrates the new framework. The optimization minimizes the failure rate (and improves design robustness) concerning three constraint functions (torque, strain, and contact pressure). Furthermore, the study finds that the new framework significantly improves the design's performance function (failure rate) with limited computational resources.
16.	Aad, G., et al. (författare) Drift Time Measurement in the ATLAS Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimeter using Cosmic Muons 2010 Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 755-785 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
17.	Aad, G., et al. (författare) Readiness of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter for LHC collisions 2010 Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 723-753 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
18.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV 2013 Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
19.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV 2012 Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
20.	Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare) Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC 2012 Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
21.	Ahlberg, Erik, et al. (författare) "Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna" 2019 Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
22.	Ahlm, Maria, et al. (författare) Kartläggning av plastflöden i byggsektorn : Råvara, produkter, avfall och nedskräpning 2021 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Byggsektorn är idag den näst största enskilda användaren av plast efter förpackningssektorn och förbrukar 262 000 ton per år. Kartläggningen av inflödet av plast till byggsektorn som har genomförts i detta projekt visar att av de flöden som har identifierats är plaströr, isolering samt golv- och väggmattor de största produktgrupperna och de vanligast använda polymertyperna är PVC följt av PE, PP och EPS. Sannolikt är förpackningar och emballage ett stort flöde även i byggsektorn då förpackningsbranschen är den enskilt största användaren av plast i samhället. Även fukt- och väderskydd samt elinstallationer är stora flöden då det används i många applikationer, men data på exakt hur stora dessa flöden är har inte kunnat fastställas. Slutligen finns det troligtvis även en stor mängd små komponenter av plast samt produkter som inte huvudsakligen består av plast men där dess komponenter är helt eller delvis av plast.Eftersom det saknas data om tillförd mängd för flertalet produktgrupper bör upprepade och detaljerade kartläggningar möjliggöras. Vid dessa kartläggningar bör plastförpackningar och emballage prioriteras då flödet sannolikt är stort och då klimatbesparingar kan uppnås på kort sikt eftersom produktflödet generellt sett har fungerande materialåtervinningssystem. Vidare bör man även kartlägga fukt- och väderskydd närmare då de förekommer på flera ytor i en byggnation. Slutligen bör man även undersöka elinstallationer närmare.Kartläggningar kan göras genom att samla in data från tillverkare och branschorganisationer, men undersökningen i detta projekt visar att de inte för statistik som på ett enkelt sätt kan sammanställas. Ett annat sätt är att utgå ifrån KN-koder men det är svårt att urskilja bransch och syfte för många produktgrupper med nuvarande struktur inom KN.Drygt 150 000 ton plastavfall uppkommer inom byggsektorn varje år. Mindre än 1 procent av detta sorteras ut i rena plastfraktioner och materialåtervinns. Istället återfinns den största andelen plast i blandade, brännbara fraktioner som energiåtervinns.Dock är det skillnad på byggavfall och rivningsavfall och dessa bör separeras och behandlas olika. Byggavfall innehåller en stor mängd plastförpackningar samt installationsspill, främst från rör, isolering och golv med känt innehåll. Installationsspill från dessa produkter är relativt enkla att separera från varandra och därför lämpar sig plastavfall från detta avfallsflöde för materialåtervinning. När det gäller rivningsavfall, som kan innehålla plast från flera tidsperioder och icke önskvärda ämnen, är det tekniskt möjligt att materialåtervinna plast även ur detta avfallsflöde, men en balanserad diskussion måste föras om vilken klimatnytta man uppnår i förhållande till risk för att oönskade ämnen cirkuleras.Materialåtervinningen av plast från byggprodukter är låg och det är endast en mindre del återvunnen plastråvara som används i byggprodukter. Samverkan mellan insamling och materialåtervinning av plast från byggsektorn och efterfrågan av återvunnen råvara behöver undersökas ytterligare. Bland annat lyfter tillverkarna fram hinder som att prestandakrav, där standarder inte tillåter återvunnen råvara och att definitionen av vad som är en återvunnen råvara saknas.Nedskräpning av plast kring byggarbetsplatser bidrar till spridning av mikroplast och åtgärder som minskar risken att skräp sprids från byggarbetsplatser minskar också risken för tillskott av mikroplast i dess närmiljö. En god avfallshantering med möjligheter att stänga till avfallskärl så att inte väder och vind kan sprida skräp är en enkel och effektiv åtgärd. Med inspiration från hur man arbetar med skyddszoner kring konstgräsplaner skulle man kunna skapa en tänkt barriär kring byggarbetsplatserna som tillåter spridning av mikroplaster ”hit men inte längre” genom att installera partikelfilter i närliggande dagvattenbrunnar. Genom att utveckla nya arbetsmetoder som hindrar att damm sprids samt undvika metoder som innebär att man våttorkar, spolar av eller rengör verktyg i vatten minskar man risken för spridning av mikroplaster (och andra icke-önskade ämnen) till vattenmiljön.Utifrån de slutsatser man kunnat dra kring byggsektorns inflöde av plastprodukter respektive avfallsflöden har ett antal förslag på styrmedel och åtgärder tagits fram. Dessa syftar till att minska klimatpåverkan från byggsektorns plastanvändning genom att öka användandet av återvunnen och biobaserad plast, öka andelen plast som materialåtervinns och minska andelen plast som förbränns. Möjligheten att kunna kartlägga både inflödet och utflödet av plast inom byggsektorn är på många sätt centralt för de åtgärder och styrmedel som föreslås. Effekterna av en planerad åtgärd eller styrmedel bör kunna uppskattas innan eventuell implementering men också för att kunna se de faktiska effekterna efteråt.Förslag 1 MaterialåtervinningscertifikatEtt materialåtervinningscertifikat innebär att plastproducenter får certifikat utfärdade motsvarande vikten återvunnen plast som de tillverkat. En statligt reglerad kvotplikt anger hur stor del av den totala plastanvändningen som ska bestå av återvunnen plast. Certifikaten kan sedan köpas och säljas på en fri marknad, likt det elcertifikatsystem som styr mot ökad produktion av förnyelsebar energi i Sverige. Företag som inte når sin kvot får betala en kvotpliktsavgift till staten. På detta sätt skapar systemet ett ekonomiskt incitament för en ökad användning av återvunnen plast.Förslag 2 Återvinningskrav för plast inom byggsektornFörslag 2 består av tre delförslag med materialåtervinningskrav specifikt mot plastprodukten inom byggsektorn. Syftet är att öka materialåtervinningen och därmed minska andelen plast som går till förbränning. Det första delförslaget omfattar insamlingskrav på installationsspill från ett antal plastflöden. Det kan skapa flera slutna kretslopp där producenter får tillbaka installationsspill från deras egna produkter. Förslaget bygger på och samverkar med de befintliga insamlingssystem som finns i dagsläget för rör, isolering och golv- och väggmattor. Det andra delförslaget är ett återvinningsmål specifikt för plast inom byggsektorn (antingen all plast eller utvalda flöden). Detta ökar fokus på plaståtervinning och ger branschen ett långsiktigt mål att arbeta mot. Det tredje delförslaget, innebär att all plast som flödar in i branschen ska vara återvinningsbar år 2030. Detta skulle sätta ökad fokus på plastinflöde och design av produkten. Likande mål finns redan för plastförpackningar.Förslag 3 Kravställande i offentliga och privata upphandlingarAtt stärka efterfrågan är centralt för att öka andelen av återvunnen och biobaserad plast, och större privata och offentliga upphandlingar kan spela en ledande roll i att stimulera detta. Förslag 3, ställer krav på att plast som används i byggprodukter inom offentliga/privata upphandlingar ska innehålla en minimum andel återvunnen och/eller biobaserad plast. Stora upphandlingar kan ta ledningen och därigenom ge stabilitet och tid för hela byggsektorn att ställa om.Förslag 4 Producentansvar för byggprodukter av plastSyftet med producentansvaret är att skapa ett finansiellt incitament för att öka återvinningsgraden av en produkt genom ett differentierat avgiftssystem, samt att finansiera kostnaden för insamling och materialåtervinning av densamma. Produktansvaret existerar i nuläget för fyra produktkategorier: förpackningar, elprodukter, fordon, och däck. Förslaget att införa producentansvar i byggsektorn, antingen för alla produkter med en vis andel plast, eller gradvis införande som i första hand bör gälla för de produkter som har störst förutsättning att samlas in och återvinnas, för att därefter utökas till andra produkter efter en testperiod. Producentansvaret ska samverka med och inte ersätta befintliga frivilliga insamlingssystem för installationsspill inom byggsektorn.Övriga åtgärder som bör undersökas vidareSkatt på byggprodukter: En plastskatt läggs på ett urval av byggprodukter av plast. Detta gäller både importerade produkter och produkter som har tillverkats i Sverige. Biobaserad plast och återvunnen plast får sänkta skattenivåer.Krav på ökad information om produkter av plast: Olika tilltag som ökar information, stöd och guide till produktval och avfallshantering för plastprodukter i byggsektorn, samt digitala loggböcker för bättre inrapportering av plastflöde.Förändring av arbetsmetod och beteende på byggarbetsplatser: olika initiativ som skapar beteendeförändring och ökad fokus på plast på byggarbetsplatser.Förbjuda tillsatser av mikroplast i byggproduktioner: bygger vidare på liknande förbud för tillsatser av mikroplast i kosmetiska ”rinse-off” produkter.Oavsett vilka styrmedel eller åtgärder som drivs igenom i framtiden så är det viktigt med transparens och långsiktighet så att man ger branschen tid att ställa om.
23.	Alkan Olsson, Johanna, et al. (författare) Mapping the governance complex of land use policies for compensation 2019 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Ecological compensation is the latest member of a growing family of concepts aimed at reducing degradation of environmental quality. This and other concepts of the family – like ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and nature-based solutions – have been subject to a range of different interpretations and subsequent implementation practices. The result is a complex governance system with unclear boundaries and implications for the management efforts of environmental quality. In this paper, we seek to map and disentangle this complexity – with a particular focus on ecological compensation and related concepts (such as biodiversity offsetting and no net loss), which all have gained momentum in recent years and which share the notion that intrusion in nature should be compensated in one way or the other. In a first step, we seek to map similarities, differences and overlaps, between the concepts, by using a set of analytical categories including: the origin of the concept (scientific or policy context), the aim of its application, the type of decision-making process it generates, its relation to urban or rural contexts, and the extent to which it has been subjected to regulation. In a second step, and as a result of this mapping, we will advance knowledge about how governments, municipalities and business actors in different ways work with environmental quality, ecosystem services and biodiversity. First, we draw conclusions about the degree to which the concepts under scrutiny are mutually reinforcing or competing. Second, our analysis enables conclusions about why some concepts are preferred in certain institutional contexts and what institutional preconditions are needed for their use. Third, we discuss possible implications of this governance complexity for questions of effectiveness and legitimacy.
24.	Amaral, Andre F. S., et al. (författare) Chronic airflow obstruction and ambient particulate air pollution 2021 Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 76:12, s. 1236-1241 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Smoking is the most well-established cause of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) but particulate air pollution and poverty have also been implicated. We regressed sex-specific prevalence of CAO from 41 Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study sites against smoking prevalence from the same study, the gross national income per capita and the local annual mean level of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) using negative binomial regression. The prevalence of CAO was not independently associated with PM2.5 but was strongly associated with smoking and was also associated with poverty. Strengthening tobacco control and improved understanding of the link between CAO and poverty should be prioritised.
25.	Andersson, Axel, et al. (författare) In-hospital versus out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : Characteristics and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care after return of spontaneous circulation 2022 Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572. ; 176, s. 1-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: Cardiac arrest is characterized depending on location as in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Strategies for Post Cardiac Arrest Care were developed based on evidence from OHCA. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care after IHCA and OHCA. Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational study of adult survivors of cardiac arrest admitted to intensive care in southern Sweden between 2014–2018. Data was collected from registries and medical notes. The primary outcome was neurological outcome according to the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale at 2–6 months. Results: 799 patients were included, 245 IHCA and 554 OHCA. IHCA patients were older, less frequently male and less frequently without comorbidity. In IHCA the first recorded rhythm was more often non-shockable, all delay-times (ROSC, no-flow, low-flow, time to advanced life support) were shorter and a cardiac cause of the arrest was less common. Good long-term neurological outcome was more common after IHCA than OHCA. In multivariable analysis, witnessed arrest, age, shorter arrest duration (no-flow and low-flow times), low lactate, shockable rhythm, and a cardiac cause were all independent predictors of good long-term neurological outcome whereas location of arrest (IHCA vs OHCA) was not. Conclusion: In patients admitted to intensive care after cardiac arrest, patients who suffered IHCA vs OHCA differed in demographics, co-morbidities, cardiac arrest characteristics and outcomes. In multivariable analyses, cardiac arrest characteristics were independent predictors of outcome, whereas location of arrest (IHCA vs OHCA) was not.
26.	Andersson, Peder, et al. (författare) Predicting neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with cumulative information; development and internal validation of an artificial neural network algorithm 2021 Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535. ; 25:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundPrognostication of neurological outcome in patients who remain comatose after cardiac arrest resuscitation is complex. Clinical variables, as well as biomarkers of brain injury, cardiac injury, and systemic inflammation, all yield some prognostic value. We hypothesised that cumulative information obtained during the first three days of intensive care could produce a reliable model for predicting neurological outcome following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) using artificial neural network (ANN) with and without biomarkers.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of 932 patients from the Target Temperature Management trial. We focused on comatose patients at 24, 48, and 72 h post-cardiac arrest and excluded patients who were awake or deceased at these time points. 80% of the patients were allocated for model development (training set) and 20% for internal validation (test set). To investigate the prognostic potential of different levels of biomarkers (clinically available and research-grade), patients' background information, and intensive care observation and treatment, we created three models for each time point: (1) clinical variables, (2) adding clinically accessible biomarkers, e.g., neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and (3) adding research-grade biomarkers, e.g., neurofilament light (NFL). Patient outcome was the dichotomised Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) at six months; a good outcome was defined as CPC 1-2 whilst a poor outcome was defined as CPC 3-5. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated for all test sets.ResultsAUROC remained below 90% when using only clinical variables throughout the first three days in the ICU. Adding clinically accessible biomarkers such as NSE, AUROC increased from 82 to 94% (p<0.01). The prognostic accuracy remained excellent from day 1 to day 3 with an AUROC at approximately 95% when adding research-grade biomarkers. The models which included NSE after 72 h and NFL on any of the three days had a low risk of false-positive predictions while retaining a low number of false-negative predictions.ConclusionsIn this exploratory study, ANNs provided good to excellent prognostic accuracy in predicting neurological outcome in comatose patients post OHCA. The models which included NSE after 72 h and NFL on all days showed promising prognostic performance.
27.	Annborn, Martin, et al. (författare) The association of targeted temperature management at 33 and 36 °C with outcome in patients with moderate shock on admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post hoc analysis of the Target Temperature Management trial. 2014 Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 40:9, s. 1210-1219 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We hypothesized that a targeted temperature of 33 °C as compared to that of 36 °C would increase survival and reduce the severity of circulatory shock in patients with shock on admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
28.	Annborn, Martin, et al. (författare) The Combination of Biomarkers for Prognostication of Long-Term Outcome in Patients Treated with Mild Hypothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest-A Pilot Study 2016 Ingår i: Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2153-7933 .- 2153-7658. ; 6:2, s. 85-90 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To explore if the brain biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in combination with a biomarker for stress; CT-proAVP (copeptin), oxidation; peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4), inflammation; procalcitonin (PCT), or with biomarkers from the heart; midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), or troponin T (TnT) can improve the prognostic accuracy of long-term outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Serum samples from cardiac arrest patients, treated at 33°C for 24 hours, were collected serially at 12, 24, and 48 hours after cardiac arrest. The concentration of the investigated biomarkers was measured using stored samples, and long-term outcome was evaluated by the cerebral performance category (CPC) at 6 months. Poor outcome was defined as CPC 3-5. Sixty-two patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac cause were included. NSE had best prognostic accuracy for poor outcome at 48 hours with a receiver operating characteristic area under curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-1). The combination of NSE with TnT, both at 48 hours, increased the AUC to 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-1, likelihood ratio [LR] test p-value 0.07, net reclassification index [NRI] <0.001); NSE and MR-proANP, both at 12 hours, yielded an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.80-1, LR test p-value 0.0014, NRI p-value 0.003); NSE at 48 hours with MR-proANP at 12 hours yielded an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1, LR test p-value 0.055, NRI p-value 0.04). This pilot study suggests that a combination of biomarkers with NSE could be beneficial for improving early prognostication of long-term outcome following OHCA.
29.	Anthon, Carl Thomas, et al. (författare) Platelet transfusions in adult ICU patients with thrombocytopenia : A sub-study of the PLOT-ICU inception cohort study Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-5172. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Platelet transfusions are frequently used in the intensive care unit (ICU), but current practices including used product types, volumes, doses and effects are unknown.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sub-study of the inception cohort study 'Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Transfusions in the ICU (PLOT-ICU)', including acutely admitted, adult ICU patients with thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 × 10 9/L). The primary outcome was the number of patients receiving platelet transfusion in ICU by product type. Secondary outcomes included platelet transfusion details, platelet increments, bleeding, other transfusions and mortality. RESULTS: Amongst 504 patients with thrombocytopenia from 43 hospitals in 10 countries in Europe and the United States, 20.8% received 565 platelet transfusions; 61.0% received pooled products, 21.9% received apheresis products and 17.1% received both with a median of 2 (interquartile range 1-4) days from admission to first transfusion. The median volume per transfusion was 253 mL (180-308 mL) and pooled products accounted for 59.1% of transfusions, however, this varied across countries. Most centres (73.8%) used fixed dosing (medians ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 × 10 11 platelets/transfusion) whilst some (mainly in France) used weight-based dosing (ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 × 10 11 platelets per 10 kg body weight). The median platelet count increment for a single prophylactic platelet transfusion was 2 (-1 to 8) × 10 9/L. Outcomes of patients with thrombocytopenia who did and did not receive platelet transfusions varied. CONCLUSIONS: Among acutely admitted, adult ICU patients with thrombocytopenia, 20.8% received platelet transfusions in ICU of whom most received pooled products, but considerable variation was observed in product type, volumes and doses across countries. Prophylactic platelet transfusions were associated with limited increases in platelet counts.
30.	Arctaedius, Isabelle, et al. (författare) 2021 European Resuscitation Council/ European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Algorithm for Prognostication of Poor Neurological Outcome After Cardiac Arrest—Can Entry Criteria Be Broadened? 2024 Ingår i: Critical Care Medicine. - 0090-3493. ; 52:4, s. 531-541 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVES: To explore broadened entry criteria of the 2021 European Resuscitation Council/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ERC/ ESICM) algorithm for neuroprognostication including patients with ongoing sedation and Glasgow Coma Scale-Motor score (GCS-M) scores 4–5. DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter observational study. SETTING: Four ICUs, Skane, Sweden. PATIENTS: Postcardiac arrest patients managed at targeted temperature 36°C, 2014–2018. Neurologic outcome was assessed after 2–6 months according to the Cerebral Performance Category scale. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In 794 included patients, median age was 69.5 years (interquartile range, 60.6–77.0 yr), 241 (30.4%) were female, 550 (69.3%) had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and 314 (41.3%) had a shockable rhythm. Four hundred ninety-five patients were dead at follow-up, 330 of 495 died after a decision on withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies. At 72 hours after cardiac arrest 218 patients remained unconscious. The entry criteria of the original algorithm (GCS-M 1–3) was fulfilled by 163 patients and 115 patients with poor outcome were identified, with false positive rate (FPR) of 0% (95% CI, 0–79.4%) and sensitivity of 71.0% (95% CI, 63.6–77.4%). Inclusion of patients with ongoing sedation identified another 13 patients with poor outcome, generating FPR of 0% (95% CI, 0–65.8%) and sensitivity of 69.6% (95% CI, 62.6–75.8%). Inclusion of all unconscious patients (GCS-M 1–5), regardless of sedation, identified one additional patient, generating FPR of 0% (95% CI, 0–22.8) and sensitivity of 62.9% (95% CI, 56.1–69.2). The few patients with true negative prediction (patients with good outcome not fulfilling guideline criteria of a poor outcome) generated wide 95% CI for FPR. CONCLUSION: The 2021 ERC/ESICM algorithm for neuroprognostication predicted poor neurologic outcome with a FPR of 0%. Broadening inclusion criteria to include all unconscious patients regardless of ongoing sedation identified an additional small number of patients with poor outcome but did not affect the FPR. Results are limited by high rate of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies and few patients with true negative prediction.
31.	Arctaedius, Isabelle, et al. (författare) Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and tau: predictors of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. 2024 Ingår i: Critical care (London, England). - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 28:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose was to evaluate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total-tau in plasma as predictors of poor neurological outcome after out-of-hospital (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), including comparisons with neurofilament light (NFL) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).Retrospective multicentre observational study of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) in three hospitals in Sweden 2014-2018. Blood samples were collected at ICU admission, 12h, and 48h post-cardiac arrest. Poor neurological outcome was defined as Cerebral Performance Category 3-5 at 2-6months after cardiac arrest. Plasma samples were retrospectively analysed for GFAP, tau, and NFL. Serum NSE was analysed in clinical care. Prognostic performances were tested with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).Of the 428 included patients, 328 were OHCA, and 100 were IHCA. At ICU admission, 12h and 48h post-cardiac arrest, GFAP predicted neurological outcome after OHCA with AUC (95% CI) 0.76 (0.70-0.82), 0.86 (0.81-0.90) and 0.91 (0.87-0.96), and after IHCA with AUC (95% CI) 0.77 (0.66-0.87), 0.83 (0.74-0.92) and 0.83 (0.71-0.95). At the same time points, tau predicted outcome after OHCA with AUC (95% CI) 0.72 (0.66-0.79), 0.75 (0.69-0.81), and 0.93 (0.89-0.96) and after IHCA with AUC (95% CI) 0.61 (0.49-0.74), 0.68 (0.56-0.79), and 0.77 (0.65-0.90). Adding the change in biomarker levels between time points did not improve predictive accuracy compared to the last time point. In a subset of patients, GFAP at 12h and 48 h, as well as tau at 48h, offered similar predictive value as NSE at 48h (the earliest time point NSE is recommended in guidelines) after both OHCA and IHCA. The predictive performance of NFL was similar or superior to GFAP and tau at all time points after OHCA and IHCA.GFAP and tau are promising biomarkers for neuroprognostication, with the highest predictive performance at 48h after OHCA, but not superior to NFL. The predictive ability of GFAP may be sufficiently high for clinical use at 12h after cardiac arrest.
32.	Ashton, Nicholas J., et al. (författare) Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest 2023 Ingår i: Jama Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149. ; 80:4, s. 388-396 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract IMPORTANCE Blood phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-13 peptides (A13) are promising peripheral biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. However, their potential alterations due to alternative mechanisms, such as hypoxia in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest, are not known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the levels and trajectories of blood p-tau, A1342, and A1340 following cardiac arrest, in comparison with neural injury markers neurofilament light (NfL) and total tau (t-tau), can be used for neurological prognostication following cardiac arrest.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective clinical biobank study used data from the randomized Target Temperature Management After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM) trial. Unconscious patients with cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac origin were included between November 11, 2010, and January 10, 2013, from 29 international sites. Serum analysis for serum NfL and t-tau were performed between August 1 and August 23, 2017. Serum p-tau, A1342, and A1340 were analyzed between July 1 and July 15, 2021, and between May 13 and May 25, 2022. A total of 717 participants from the TTM cohort were examined: an initial discovery subset (n = 80) and a validation subset. Both subsets were evenly distributed for good and poor neurological outcome after cardiac arrest.EXPOSURES Serum p-tau, A1342, and A1340 concentrations using single molecule array technology. Serum levels of NfL and t-tau were included as comparators.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Blood biomarker levels at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after cardiac arrest. Poor neurologic outcome at 6-month follow-up, defined according to the cerebral performance category scale as category 3 (severe cerebral disability), 4 (coma), or 5 (brain death).RESULTS This study included 717 participants (137 [19.1%] female and 580 male [80.9%]; mean [SD] age, 63.9 [13.5] years) who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Significantly elevated serum p-tau levels were observed at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours in cardiac arrest patients with poor neurological outcome. The magnitude and prognostication of the change was greater at 24 hours (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.97), which was similar to NfL (AUC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96). However, at later time points, p-tau levels decreased and were weakly associated with neurological outcome. In contrast, NfL and t-tau maintained high diagnostic accuracies, even 72 hours after cardiac arrest. Serum A1342 and A1340 concentrations increased over time in most patients but were only weakly associated with neurological outcome.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this case-control study, blood biomarkers indicative of AD pathology demonstrated different dynamics of change after cardiac arrest. The increase of p-tau at 24 hours after cardiac arrest suggests a rapid secretion from the interstitial fluid following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury rather than ongoing neuronal injury like NfL or t-tau. In contrast, delayed increases of A13 peptides after cardiac arrest indicate activation of amyloidogenic processing in response to ischemia.
33.	Barlo, Alexander, M.Sc. Eng. 1994- (författare) Failure Prediction of Complex Load Cases in Sheet Metal Forming : Emphasis on Non-Linear Strain Paths, Stretch-Bending and Edge Effects 2023 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract With the increased focus on reducing carbon emissions in today’s society, several industries have to overcome new challenges, where especially the automotive industry is under a lot of scrutiny to deliver improved and more environmentally friendly products. To meet the demands from customers and optimize vehicles aerodynamically, new cars often contain complex body geometries, together with advanced materials that are introduced to reduce the total vehicle weight. With the introduction of the complex body components and advanced materials,one area in the automotive industry that has to overcome these challenges is manufacturing engineering, and in particular the departments working with the sheet metal forming process. In this process complex body component geometries can lead to non-linear strain paths and stretch bending load cases, and newly introduced advanced materials can be prone to exhibit behaviour of edge cracks not observed in conventional sheet metals. This thesis takes it onset in the challenges seen in industry today with predicting failure of the three complex load cases: Non-Linear Strain Paths, Stretch-Bending,and Edge Cracks. Through Finite Element simulation attempts are made to accurately predict failure caused by aforementioned load cases in industrial components or experimental setups in an effort to develop post-processing methods that are applicable to all cases.
34.	Bauer, Fredric, et al. (författare) Climate innovations in the plastic industry: Prospects for decarbonisation 2018 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Plastics are efficient materials for many purposes, e.g. packaging and construction, but are also associated with significant problems. These span from littering in forests and oceans, toxicity of additives, to the fundamental dependence on fossil resource for the production of the plastic material. This report aims to give an overview of the challenges for decarbonisation of plastics, i.e. moving away from a dependency on fossil resources for the production. Firstly, it identifies different possible development pathways for the industry towards decarbonisation and the key arguments for and against these pathways – reduced use of plastics, recycled plastics, and bio-based plastics. Secondly, it presents an analysis of structural characteristics of the industry that affect the potential for low-carbon innovation. This includes identifying and understanding the potential that traditional as well as new types of agents have to affect the direction of development. The report presents decarbonisation initiatives and engagement throughout the system of plastics, i.e. not only by primary production firms but also by knowledge organisations, intermediary firms, consumer groups etc. As the development pathways are contested and challenged both on technological and other grounds, the issue of power becomes pressing. The formation and use of coalitions to support and/or counteract certain developments is important, as political regulation of this highly globalised and diffuse sector has previously been difficult. The interaction between geographical particularities and scales must be given due consideration. Finally, the aspect of materiality is a key concern for the development of a system of specific materials. This relates of course to the limits of different types of feedstocks and material properties, but also to other resources and their exploitation within a system that is deeply entrenched in a system with capital invested in technologies and facilities adapted for processing fossil resources into fuels, plastics, and other products. Despite the strong carbon lock-in that the plastics industry is in, the identified pathways show that there are possibilities for decarbonisation. New types of actors are creating pressure for the sector to move towards a future plastic sector that is both circular and independent of fossil resources.
35.	Bauer, Fredric, et al. (författare) Det räcker inte att förbjuda sugrör och plastkassar 2019 Ingår i: Ny teknik. - 0550-8754. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Användningen av plast kommer att fördubblas inom 20 år, enligt plastbranschen. Det handlar inte längre om att förbjuda sugrör eller plastkassar – det saknas en vision för hela plastanvändningen, skriver tre forskare i Lund
36.	Bauer, Fredric, et al. (författare) Initiativen från plastbranschen räcker inte 2019 Ingår i: Ny teknik. - 0550-8754. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
37.	Bauer, Fredric, et al. (författare) Oil companies are ploughing money into fossil-fuelled plastics production at a record rate: new research 2021 Ingår i: The Conversation. - 2201-5639. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
38.	Bauer, Fredric, et al. (författare) Plastics and climate change breaking carbon lock-ins through three mitigation pathways 2022 Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 5:4, s. 361-376 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The plastic industry is dependent on fossil fuels in various ways that result in strong “carbon lock-in” throughout the value chain and large and growing CO2 emissions. The industry must decarbonize to reach global net-zero pledges. Although a few initiatives have been launched, they primarily focus on plastic waste. Current research has investigated mitigation potential on different parts of the plastic value chain but remains in silos. Here, we review carbon lock-ins throughout the plastic value chain and identify possible mitigation pathways for each stage of the plastic life cycle. We show how lock-ins are stubbornly entrenched across the domains of production, markets, waste management, industry organization, and governance. Overcoming these carbon lock-ins and achieving zero-carbon targets for the sector by 2050 will require thorough systemic change to how plastics are produced, used, and recycled, including promotion of demand reduction strategies, bio-based feedstocks, and circular economy principles. Strict governance structures, enforceable regulation, and a new proactive and inclusive vision for the low-carbon transition are equally important.
39.	Baumert, Nicolai, et al. (författare) Global outsourcing of carbon emissions 1995–2009: A reassessment 2019 Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011. ; 92, s. 228-236 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Increasing global production fragmentation allows for outsourcing of emissions, which may undermine national climate policies. Researchers focusing on the gap between consumption-based and production-based emissions have concluded that developed countries are systematically outsourcing emissions to developing countries. However, asymmetries in emissions embodied in trade may emerge due to differences in carbon intensity of energy and production between different countries, and need not be evidence of outsourcing. This study investigates if previous results concerning emission in –and outsourcing of developed and developing countries hold when emission flows are adjusted for technological differences. Two striking results are demonstrated: first, the magnitude of outsourcing is significantly smaller than previous studies have suggested, and, second, there is no clear divide between developing and developed countries. Large developed Anglophone countries (US, UK, Canada and Australia) were increasingly outsourcing emissions between 1995 and 2009 by shifting toward more carbon-intensive goods in their imports and less carbon intensive goods in exports, whereas other developed countries (i.e. the Nordics, advanced Asia and even the aggregate EU-27) maintained a positive emission trade balance. Among major developing countries, China is a major insourcer of emissions, while other emerging economies show no consistent pattern (e.g. India, Turkey and Brazil) or marginal outsourcing (e.g. Indonesia and Mexico). These results contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the impact of international trade on global carbon emissions.
40.	Biasin, Elisa, et al. (författare) Anisotropy enhanced X-ray scattering from solvated transition metal complexes 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495. ; 25:2, s. 306-315 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Time-resolved X-ray scattering patterns from photoexcited molecules in solution are in many cases anisotropic at the ultrafast time scales accessible at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). This anisotropy arises from the interaction of a linearly polarized UV-Vis pump laser pulse with the sample, which induces anisotropic structural changes that can be captured by femtosecond X-ray pulses. In this work, a method for quantitative analysis of the anisotropic scattering signal arising from an ensemble of molecules is described, and it is demonstrated how its use can enhance the structural sensitivity of the time-resolved X-ray scattering experiment. This method is applied on time-resolved X-ray scattering patterns measured upon photoexcitation of a solvated di-platinum complex at an XFEL, and the key parameters involved are explored. It is shown that a combined analysis of the anisotropic and isotropic difference scattering signals in this experiment allows a more precise determination of the main photoinduced structural change in the solute, i.e. the change in Pt - Pt bond length, and yields more information on the excitation channels than the analysis of the isotropic scattering only. Finally, it is discussed how the anisotropic transient response of the solvent can enable the determination of key experimental parameters such as the instrument response function.The analysis of time-resolved X-ray scattering patterns collected at an XFEL upon photoexcitation of a di-platinum complex in solution is described. The analysis quantitatively considers the anisotropy of the signal.
41.	Biasin, Elisa, et al. (författare) Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering Study of Ultrafast Photoinduced Structural Dynamics in Solvated[Co(terpy)2]2$ 2016 Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 117:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study the structural dynamics of photoexcited [Co(terpy)2]2+ in an aqueous solution with ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering experiments conducted at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Through direct comparisons with density functional theory calculations, our analysis shows that the photoexcitation event leads to elongation of the Co-N bonds, followed by coherent Co-N bond length oscillations arising from the impulsive excitation of a vibrational mode dominated by the symmetrical stretch of all six Co-N bonds. This mode has a period of 0.33 ps and decays on a subpicosecond time scale. We find that the equilibrium bond-elongated structure of the high spin state is established on a single-picosecond time scale and that this state has a lifetime of ∼7 ps.
42.	Bjerkesjö, Peter, et al. (författare) Styrmedel för minskad klimatpåverkan från plast 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Plast står för större delen av de fossila utsläppen från Sveriges avfallsförbränning, som idag ger stora utsläppav koldioxid. Om Sverige ska nå det långsiktiga klimatmålet; inga nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser senast år 2045, behöver förbränningen av fossil plast minska samtidigtsom materialåtervinningen av plast behöver öka.Naturvårdsverket har gett IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet i uppdrag att analysera och ge förslag på utformning avmöjliga styrmedel som träffar problemet tidigt i plastensvärdekedja. I denna rapport analyseras klimatavgift, klimatskatt eller moms på fossilbaserade produkter, klimattullar på fossilbaserade plaster och plastprodukter samt avgift eller skatt på fossil plastråvara och plastprodukter. Rapporten innehåller en djupare analys av skatt på fossilplastråvara och plastprodukter.
43.	Blaxekjær, Lau Øfjord, et al. (författare) Mapping the narrative positions of new political groups under the UNFCCC 2015 Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 15:6, s. 751-766 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Since 2009, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime has seen the emergence of several new political groups. This article analyses how the new political groups are positioning themselves in relation to the key UNFCCC principles (the North–South divide and ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities’, CBDR/ RC). Drawing on original data, including official statements and submissions, observations at COP 17, COP 18, COP 19, and interviews with delegates, the article analyses the BASIC group (Brazil, South Africa, India and China), the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF), the Cartagena Dialogue for Progressive Action (CD), the Durban Alliance (DA), the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDC), and the Association of Independent Latin American and Caribbean States (AILAC). Modelled after Hendrik Wagenaar’s approach to narrative policy analysis, the article draws a map of narrative positions based on the North–South and new CBDR/RC divisions. This framework reveals the embeddedness of narratives in practice as they unfold in the formation of new political groups. CVF, CD, DA and AILAC align on a narrative of ‘shared responsibility across the North–South divide’. This meta-narrative challenges the hitherto dominant notion of CBDR/RC, which BASIC and LMDC defend through a meta-narrative of ‘differentiated responsibility upholding the North–South divide’.
44.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) EVALUATION OF A NEUROCOGNITIVE SCREENING FOR OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST SURVIVORS 2024 Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - 1558-3597. ; 83:13, Supplement, s. 1198-1198 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
45.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Interactions between post-cardiac arrest outcome measures – A post-hoc analysis of the TTM-trial 2020 Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572. ; 155:Supplement 1, s. 21-21 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
46.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological outcome after cardiac arrest : results from a sub-study of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial 2023 Ingår i: Critical Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1364-8535 .- 1466-609X. ; 27:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the nature of the impairment is poorly understood. Our objective was to describe cognitive impairment in OHCA survivors, with the hypothesis that OHCA survivors would perform significantly worse on neuropsychological tests of cognition than controls with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Another aim was to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and the associated factors of emotional problems, fatigue, insomnia, and cardiovascular risk factors following OHCA.METHODS: This was a prospective case-control sub-study of The Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial. Eight of 61 TTM2-sites in Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom included adults with OHCA of presumed cardiac or unknown cause. A matched non-arrest control group with acute MI was recruited. At approximately 7 months post-event, we administered an extensive neuropsychological test battery and questionnaires on anxiety, depression, fatigue, and insomnia, and collected information on the cardiovascular risk factors hypertension and diabetes.RESULTS: Of 184 eligible OHCA survivors, 108 were included, with 92 MI controls enrolled. Amongst OHCA survivors, 29% performed z-score ≤ - 1 (at least borderline-mild impairment) in ≥ 2 cognitive domains, 14% performed z-score ≤ - 2 (major impairment) in ≥ 1 cognitive domain while 54% performed without impairment in any domain. Impairment was most pronounced in episodic memory, executive functions, and processing speed. OHCA survivors performed significantly worse than MI controls in episodic memory (mean difference, MD = - 0.37, 95% confidence intervals [- 0.61, - 0.12]), verbal (MD = - 0.34 [- 0.62, - 0.07]), and visual/constructive functions (MD = - 0.26 [- 0.47, - 0.04]) on linear regressions adjusted for educational attainment and sex. When additionally adjusting for anxiety, depression, fatigue, insomnia, hypertension, and diabetes, executive functions (MD = - 0.44 [- 0.82, - 0.06]) were also worse following OHCA. Diabetes, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue were significantly associated with worse cognitive performance.CONCLUSIONS: In our study population, cognitive impairment was generally mild following OHCA. OHCA survivors performed worse than MI controls in 3 of 6 domains. These results support current guidelines that a post-OHCA follow-up service should screen for cognitive impairment, emotional problems, and fatigue.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03543371. Registered 1 June 2018.
47.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological outcome after cardiac arrest : A prospective case control sub-study of the Targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest trial (TTM2) 2020 Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261. ; 20:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: This study is designed to provide detailed knowledge on cognitive impairment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and its relation to associated factors, and to validate the neurocognitive screening of the Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2-trial), assessing effectiveness of targeted temperature management after OHCA. Methods: This longitudinal multi-center clinical study is a sub-study of the TTM2-trial, in which a comprehensive neuropsychological examination is performed in addition to the main TTM2-trial neurocognitive screening. Approximately 7 and 24 months after OHCA, survivors at selected study sites are invited to a standardized assessment, including performance-based tests of cognition and questionnaires of emotional problems, fatigue, executive function and insomnia. At 1:1 ratio, a matched control group from a cohort of acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients is recruited to perform the same assessment. We aim to include 100 patients per group. Potential differences between the OHCA patients and the MI controls at 7 and 24 months will be analyzed with a linear regression, using composite z-scores per cognitive domain (verbal, visual/constructive, working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, executive functions) as primary outcome measures. Results from OHCA survivors on the main TTM2-trial neurocognitive screening battery will be compared with neuropsychological test results at 7 months, using sensitivity and specificity analyses. Discussion: In this study we collect detailed information on cognitive impairment after OHCA and compare this to a control group of patients with acute MI. The validation of the TTM2 neurocognitive screening battery could justify its inclusion in routine follow-up. Our results may have a potential to impact on the design of future follow-up strategies and interventions after OHCA. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03543371. Registered 1 June 2018
48.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological outcome after cardiac arrest: Rationale and description of a sub-study of The Target Temperature Management 2 Trial 2018 Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572. ; 130:Suppl 1, s. 130-130 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
49.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Neuropsychological Outcome After Cardiac Arrest: Results from a Sub-study of the Targeted Hypothermia Versus Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) Trial 2023 Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1469-7661. ; 29:Supplement s1, s. 789-790 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
50.	Blennow Nordström, Erik, et al. (författare) Serum neurofilament light levels are correlated to long-term neurocognitive outcome measures after cardiac arrest 2022 Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 36:6, s. 800-809 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective To explore associations between four methods assessing long-term neurocognitive outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and early hypoxic-ischemic neuronal brain injury assessed by the biomarker serum neurofilament light (NFL), and to compare the agreement for the outcome methods. Methods An explorative post-hoc study was conducted on survivor data from the international Target Temperature Management after Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest trial, investigating serum NFL sampled 48/72-hours post-arrest and neurocognitive outcome 6 months post-arrest. Results Among the long-term surviving participants (N = 457), serum NFL (n = 384) was associated to all outcome instruments, also when controlling for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Associations between NFL and the patient-reported Two Simple Questions (TSQ) were however attenuated when adjusting for vitality and mental health. NFL predicted results on the outcome instruments to varying degrees, with an excellent area under the curve for the clinician-report Cerebral Performance Category (CPC 1-2: 0.90). Most participants were classified as CPC 1 (79%). Outcome instrument correlations ranged from small (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]-TSQ) to strong (CPC-MMSE). Conclusions The clinician-reported CPC was mostly related to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, but with a ceiling effect. These results may be useful when selecting methods and instruments for clinical follow-up models.

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