| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Sliz, E., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of a causal effect of genetic tendency to gain muscle mass on uterine leiomyomata
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the most common tumours of the female genital tract and the primary cause of surgical removal of the uterus. Genetic factors contribute to UL susceptibility. To add understanding to the heritable genetic risk factors, we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UL in up to 426,558 European women from FinnGen and a previous UL meta-GWAS. In addition to the 50 known UL loci, we identify 22 loci that have not been associated with UL in prior studies. UL-associated loci harbour genes enriched for development, growth, and cellular senescence. Of particular interest are the smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation-regulating genes functioning on the myocardin-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A pathway. Our results further suggest that genetic predisposition to increased fat-free mass may be causally related to higher UL risk, underscoring the involvement of altered muscle tissue biology in UL pathophysiology. Overall, our findings add to the understanding of the genetic pathways underlying UL, which may aid in developing novel therapeutics.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kurki, MI, et al.
(författare)
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FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 613:7944, s. 508-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population isolates such as those in Finland benefit genetic research because deleterious alleles are often concentrated on a small number of low-frequency variants (0.1% ≤ minor allele frequency < 5%). These variants survived the founding bottleneck rather than being distributed over a large number of ultrarare variants. Although this effect is well established in Mendelian genetics, its value in common disease genetics is less explored1,2. FinnGen aims to study the genome and national health register data of 500,000 Finnish individuals. Given the relatively high median age of participants (63 years) and the substantial fraction of hospital-based recruitment, FinnGen is enriched for disease end points. Here we analyse data from 224,737 participants from FinnGen and study 15 diseases that have previously been investigated in large genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We also include meta-analyses of biobank data from Estonia and the United Kingdom. We identified 30 new associations, primarily low-frequency variants, enriched in the Finnish population. A GWAS of 1,932 diseases also identified 2,733 genome-wide significant associations (893 phenome-wide significant (PWS), P < 2.6 × 10–11) at 2,496 (771 PWS) independent loci with 807 (247 PWS) end points. Among these, fine-mapping implicated 148 (73 PWS) coding variants associated with 83 (42 PWS) end points. Moreover, 91 (47 PWS) had an allele frequency of <5% in non-Finnish European individuals, of which 62 (32 PWS) were enriched by more than twofold in Finland. These findings demonstrate the power of bottlenecked populations to find entry points into the biology of common diseases through low-frequency, high impact variants.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hakkinen, K, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of CYP2D6 copy-number imputation panel and frequency of key pharmacogenetic variants in Finnish individuals with a psychotic disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: The pharmacogenomics journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1473-1150 .- 1470-269X. ; 22:3, s. 166-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that CYP2D6 copy-number variation (CNV) can be imputed using existing imputation algorithms. Additionally, we report frequencies of key pharmacogenetic variants in individuals with a psychotic disorder from the genetically bottle-necked population of Finland. We combined GWAS chip and CYP2D6 CNV data from the Breast Cancer Pain Genetics study to construct an imputation panel (n = 902) for CYP2D6 CNV. The resulting data set was used as a CYP2D6 CNV imputation panel in 9262 non-related individuals from the SUPER-Finland study. Based on imputation of 9262 individuals we confirm the higher frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers and a 22-fold enrichment of the UGT1A1 decreased function variant rs4148323 (UGT1A1*6) in Finland compared with non-Finnish Europeans. Similarly, the NUDT15 variant rs116855232 was highly enriched in Finland. We demonstrate that imputation of CYP2D6 CNV is possible and the methodology enables studying CYP2D6 in large biobanks with genome-wide data.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Armesto, N., et al.
(författare)
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Heavy-ion collisions at the LHC-Last call for predictions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 35:5, s. 054001-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This writeup is a compilation of the predictions for the forthcoming Heavy Ion Program at the Large Hadron Collider, as presented at the CERN Theory Institute 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held from 14th May to 10th June 2007.
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| 12. |
- Barnett, R., et al.
(författare)
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Euclid preparation V. Predicted yield of redshift 7 < z < 9 quasars from the wide survey
- 2019
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide predictions of the yield of 7 < z < 9 quasars from the Euclid wide survey, updating the calculation presented in the Euclid Red Book in several ways. We account for revisions to the Euclid near-infrared filter wavelengths; we adopt steeper rates of decline of the quasar luminosity function (QLF; Phi) with redshift, Phi proportional to 10(k(z-6)), k = 0:72, and a further steeper rate of decline, k = 0:92; we use better models of the contaminating populations (MLT dwarfs and compact early-type galaxies); and we make use of an improved Bayesian selection method, compared to the colour cuts used for the Red Book calculation, allowing the identification of fainter quasars, down to J(AB) similar to 23. Quasars at z > 8 may be selected from Euclid OYJH photometry alone, but selection over the redshift interval 7 < z < 8 is greatly improved by the addition of z-band data from, e.g., Pan-STARRS and LSST. We calculate predicted quasar yields for the assumed values of the rate of decline of the QLF beyond z = 6. If the decline of the QLF accelerates beyond z = 6, with k = 0.92, Euclid should nevertheless find over 100 quasars with 7.0 < z < 7.5, and similar to 25 quasars beyond the current record of z = 7.5, including similar to 8 beyond z = 8.0. The first Euclid quasars at z > 7.5 should be found in the DR1 data release, expected in 2024. It will be possible to determine the bright-end slope of the QLF, 7 < z < 8, M-1450 < 25, using 8m class telescopes to confirm candidates, but follow-up with JWST or E-ELT will be required to measure the faint-end slope. Contamination of the candidate lists is predicted to be modest even at J(AB) similar to 23. The precision with which k can be determined over 7 < z < 8 depends on the value of k, but assuming k = 0.72 it can be measured to a 1 sigma uncertainty of 0.07.
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| 13. |
- Nummela, Aleksi J., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane and S-ketamine on the human metabolome : A randomised trial using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 39:6, s. 521-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pharmacometabolomics uses large-scale data capturing methods to uncover drug-induced shifts in the metabolic profile. The specific effects of anaesthetics on the human metabolome are largely unknown.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to discover whether exposure to routinely used anaesthetics have an acute effect on the human metabolic profile.DESIGN: Randomised, open-label, controlled, parallel group, phase IV clinical drug trial.SETTING: The study was conducted at Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland, 2016 to 2017.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and sixty healthy male volunteers were recruited. The metabolomic data of 159 were evaluable.INTERVENTIONS: Volunteers were randomised to receive a 1-h exposure to equipotent doses (EC50 for verbal command) of dexmedetomidine (1.5 ng ml-1; n = 40), propofol (1.7 μg ml-1; n = 40), sevoflurane (0.9% end-tidal; n = 39), S-ketamine (0.75 μg ml-1; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metabolite subgroups of apolipoproteins and lipoproteins, cholesterol, glycerides and phospholipids, fatty acids, glycolysis, amino acids, ketone bodies, creatinine and albumin and the inflammatory marker GlycA, were analysed with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy from arterial blood samples collected at baseline, after anaesthetic administration and 70 min postanaesthesia.RESULTS: All metabolite subgroups were affected. Statistically significant changes vs. placebo were observed in 11.0, 41.3, 0.65 and 3.9% of the 155 analytes in the dexmedetomidine, propofol, sevoflurane and S-ketamine groups, respectively. Dexmedetomidine increased glucose, decreased ketone bodies and affected lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Propofol altered lipoproteins, fatty acids, glycerides and phospholipids and slightly increased inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetylation. Sevoflurane was relatively inert. S-ketamine increased glucose and lactate, whereas branched chain amino acids and tyrosine decreased.CONCLUSION: A 1-h exposure to moderate doses of routinely used anaesthetics led to significant and characteristic alterations in the metabolic profile. Dexmedetomidine-induced alterations mirror α2-adrenoceptor agonism. Propofol emulsion altered the lipid profile. The inertness of sevoflurane might prove useful in vulnerable patients. S-ketamine induced amino acid alterations might be linked to its suggested antidepressive properties.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02624401. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02624401.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Pöntinen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Euclid: Identification of asteroid streaks in simulated images using deep learning
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The material composition of asteroids is an essential piece of knowledge in the quest to understand the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Visual to near-infrared spectra or multiband photometry is required to constrain the material composition of asteroids, but we currently have such data, especially in the near-infrared wavelengths, for only a limited number of asteroids. This is a significant limitation considering the complex orbital structures of the asteroid populations. Up to 150 000 asteroids will be visible in the images of the upcoming ESA Euclid space telescope, and the instruments of Euclid will offer multiband visual to near-infrared photometry and slitless near-infrared spectra of these objects. Most of the asteroids will appear as streaks in the images. Due to the large number of images and asteroids, automated detection methods are needed. A non-machine-learning approach based on the Streak Det software was previously tested, but the results were not optimal for short and/or faint streaks. We set out to improve the capability to detect asteroid streaks in Euclid images by using deep learning. We built, trained, and tested a three-step machine-learning pipeline with simulated Euclid images. First, a convolutional neural network (CNN) detected streaks and their coordinates in full images, aiming to maximize the completeness (recall) of detections. Then, a recurrent neural network (RNN) merged snippets of long streaks detected in several parts by the CNN. Lastly, gradient-boosted trees (XGBoost) linked detected streaks between different Euclid exposures to reduce the number of false positives and improve the purity (precision) of the sample. The deep-learning pipeline surpasses the completeness and reaches a similar level of purity of a non-machine-learning pipeline based on the StreakDet software. Additionally, the deep-learning pipeline can detect asteroids 0.25–0.5 magnitudes fainter than StreakDet. The deep-learning pipeline could result in a 50% increase in the number of detected asteroids compared to the StreakDet software. There is still scope for further refinement, particularly in improving the accuracy of streak coordinates and enhancing the completeness of the final stage of the pipeline, which involves linking detections across multiple exposures.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Contarini, S., et al.
(författare)
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Euclid : cosmological forecasts from the void size function
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Euclid mission - with its spectroscopic galaxy survey covering a sky area over 15 000 deg(2) in the redshift range 0.9 < z < 1.8 - will provide a sample of tens of thousands of cosmic voids. This paper thoroughly explores for the first time the constraining power of the void size function on the properties of dark energy (DE) from a survey mock catalogue, the official Euclid Flagship simulation. We identified voids in the Flagship light-cone, which closely matches the features of the upcoming Euclid spectroscopic data set. We modelled the void size function considering a state-of-the art methodology: we relied on the volume-conserving (Vdn) model, a modification of the popular Sheth & van de Weygaert model for void number counts, extended by means of a linear function of the large-scale galaxy bias. We found an excellent agreement between model predictions and measured mock void number counts. We computed updated forecasts for the Euclid mission on DE from the void size function and provided reliable void number estimates to serve as a basis for further forecasts of cosmological applications using voids. We analysed two different cosmological models for DE: the first described by a constant DE equation of state parameter, w, and the second by a dynamic equation of state with coefficients w(0) and w(a). We forecast 1 sigma errors on w lower than 10% and we estimated an expected figure of merit (FoM) for the dynamical DE scenario FoM(w0,wa) = 17 when considering only the neutrino mass as additional free parameter of the model. The analysis is based on conservative assumptions to ensure full robustness, and is a pathfinder for future enhancements of the technique. Our results showcase the impressive constraining power of the void size function from the Euclid spectroscopic sample, both as a stand-alone probe, and to be combined with other Euclid cosmological probes.
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| 25. |
- Denby, B. R., et al.
(författare)
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Road salt emissions : A comparison of measurements and modelling using the NORTRIP road dust emission model
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 141, s. 508-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- De-icing of road surfaces is necessary in many countries during winter to improve vehicle traction. Large amounts of salt, most often sodium chloride, are applied every year. Most of this salt is removed through drainage or traffic spray processes but a certain amount may be suspended, after drying of the road surface, into the air and will contribute to the concentration of particulate matter. Though some measurements of salt concentrations are available near roads, the link between road maintenance salting activities and observed concentrations of salt in ambient air is yet to be quantified. In this study the NORTRIP road dust emission model, which estimates the emissions of both dust and salt from the road surface, is applied at five sites in four Nordic countries for ten separate winter periods where daily mean ambient air measurements of salt concentrations are available. The model is capable of reproducing many of the salt emission episodes, both in time and intensity, but also fails on other occasions. The observed mean concentration of salt in PM10, over all ten datasets, is 4.2 μg/m3 and the modelled mean is 2.8 μg/m3, giving a fractional bias of −0.38. The RMSE of the mean concentrations, over all 10 datasets, is 2.9 μg/m3 with an average R2 of 0.28. The mean concentration of salt is similar to the mean exhaust contribution during the winter periods of 2.6 μg/m3. The contribution of salt to the kerbside winter mean PM10 concentration is estimated to increase by 4.1 ± 3.4 μg/m3 for every kg/m2 of salt applied on the road surface during the winter season. Additional sensitivity studies showed that the accurate logging of salt applications is a prerequisite for predicting salt emissions, as well as good quality data on precipitation. It also highlights the need for more simultaneous measurements of salt loading together with ambient air concentrations to help improve model parameterisations of salt and moisture removal processes. © 2016 The Authors
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| 26. |
- Edoff, Marika, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells with Passivated and Highly Reflective Back Contacts – : Results from the ARCIGS-M Consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition. ; , s. 597-600
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work, we report results from the EU-funded project ARCIGS-M. The project started in 2016 and aims to reduce the use of indium and gallium by enabling the use of very thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) layers while retaining high efficiency and developing innovative low-cost steel substrates as alternatives to glass. In the project, reflective layers containing TCO´s and silver have successfully been used to enhance the reflective properties of the rear contact. In addition, passivation layers based on alumina (Al2O3) deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been found to yield good passivation of the rear contact. Since the alumina layers are dielectric, perforation of these layers is necessary to provide adequate contacting. The design of the perforation patterns has been investigated by a combination of modeling and experimental verification by electron beam lithography. In parallel a nano-imprint lithography (NIL) process is further developed for scale-up and application in prototype modules. Advanced optoelectrical characterization supported by modeling is used to fill in the missing gaps in optical and electrical properties, regarding CIGS, interfaces and back contact materials.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Fanta, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Changes in Cyclosporine Pharmacokinetics After Renal Transplantation in Children : Evidence for Saturable Presystemic Metabolism and Effect of NR1I2 Polymorphism
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0091-2700 .- 1552-4604. ; 50:5, s. 581-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve cyclosporine dose individualization, the authors carried out a comprehensive analysis of the effects of clinical and genetic factors on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in 176 children before and up to 16 years after renal transplantation. Pretransplantation test doses of cyclosporine were given intravenously and orally, followed by blood sampling for 24 hours. After transplantation, cyclosporine was quantified at trough, 2 hours postdose, or with dose-interval curves. A 3-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the data. Cyclosporine oral bioavailability increased more than 1.5-fold in the first month after transplantation, returning thereafter gradually to its initial value in 1 to 1.5 years. Moreover, older children receiving cyclosporine twice daily as the gelatin capsule microemulsion formulation had an about 1.25 to 1.3 times higher bioavailability than did the younger children receiving the liquid formulation thrice daily. In 91 children with genetic data after transplantation, patients carrying the NR1I2 g.-25385C-g.-24381A-g.205_-200GAGAAG-g.7635G-g.8055C haplotype had about one-tenth lower bioavailability, per allele, than did non-carriers (P = .039). The significance of the NR1I2 genotype warrants further study. In conclusion, by accounting for the effects of developmental factors (body weight), time after transplantation, and cyclosporine dosing frequency/formulation, it may be possible to improve individualization of cyclosporine dosing in children.
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| 31. |
- Fanta, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenetics of cyclosporine in children suggests an age-dependent influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pharmacogenetics and genomics. - 1744-6872. ; 18:2, s. 77-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether variations in the ABCB1, ABCC2, SLCO1B1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, or NR1I2 genes are associated with the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in pediatric renal transplant candidates, and whether the effects of these variants are related to age. METHODS: A total of 104 pediatric patients (aged 0.36-16.3 years) were genotyped for 17 putatively functionally significant sequence variations in the ABCB1, SLCO1B1, ABCC2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and NR1I2 genes. The patients had undergone a pharmacokinetic study with intravenous and oral ciclosporine (INN, cyclosporin) before renal transplantation. RESULTS: In the whole population, the mean+/-SD cyclosporine oral bioavailability was 0.38+/-0.09, volume of distribution was 2.3+/-0.54 l/kg, and systemic clearance normalized by allometric body weight was 0.88+/-0.16 l/h/kg3/4. The prehepatic extraction ratio was 0.51+/-0.13, and the hepatic extraction ratio was 0.24+/-0.04, the former explaining 95% of the variability in oral bioavailability (P<0.0001). In children older than 8 years, the pre-hepatic extraction was 0.64+/-0.09 in those with the ABCB1 c.2677GG genotype, 0.52+/-0.11 in those with the c.2677GT genotype, and 0.41+/-0.03 in those with the c.2677TT genotype (P=0.021, r2=0.334), leading to corresponding differences in oral bioavailability (0.28+/-0.07, 0.36+/-0.07, and 0.44+/-0.04, respectively; P=0.012, r2=0.372). Similar associations were observed with the ABCB1 c.1236C>T variant and the related haplotype c.1199G-c.1236C-c.2677G-c.3435C (P<0.05). The estimated oral dose requirement and clearance of cyclosporine remained largely unexplained by the genetic variations. CONCLUSIONS: Although these data suggest an age-related effect of ABCB1 polymorphism on oral bioavailability, further studies are required on the predictive value of genotyping for individualization of cyclosporine dosing in children.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hamaus, N., et al.
(författare)
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Euclid : Forecasts from redshift-space distortions and the Alcock-Paczynski test with cosmic voids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Euclid is poised to survey galaxies across a cosmological volume of unprecedented size, providing observations of more than a billion objects distributed over a third of the full sky. Approximately 20 million of these galaxies will have their spectroscopy available, allowing us to map the three-dimensional large-scale structure of the Universe in great detail. This paper investigates prospects for the detection of cosmic voids therein and the unique benefit they provide for cosmological studies. In particular, we study the imprints of dynamic (redshift-space) and geometric (Alcock-Paczynski) distortions of average void shapes and their constraining power on the growth of structure and cosmological distance ratios. To this end, we made use of the Flagship mock catalog, a state-of-the-art simulation of the data expected to be observed with Euclid. We arranged the data into four adjacent redshift bins, each of which contains about 11000 voids and we estimated the stacked void-galaxy cross-correlation function in every bin. Fitting a linear-theory model to the data, we obtained constraints on f/b and DMH, where f is the linear growth rate of density fluctuations, b the galaxy bias, D-M the comoving angular diameter distance, and H the Hubble rate. In addition, we marginalized over two nuisance parameters included in our model to account for unknown systematic effects in the analysis. With this approach, Euclid will be able to reach a relative precision of about 4% on measurements of f/b and 0.5% on DMH in each redshift bin. Better modeling or calibration of the nuisance parameters may further increase this precision to 1% and 0.4%, respectively. Our results show that the exploitation of cosmic voids in Euclid will provide competitive constraints on cosmology even as a stand-alone probe. For example, the equation-of-state parameter, w, for dark energy will be measured with a precision of about 10%, consistent with previous more approximate forecasts.
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| 35. |
- Itkonen, Matti K., et al.
(författare)
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Clopidogrel but Not Prasugrel Significantly Inhibits the CYP2C8-Mediated Metabolism of Montelukast in Humans
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 104:3, s. 495-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxidation of montelukast is mainly mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, but other mechanisms may contribute to its disposition. In healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of two widely used P2Y(12) inhibitors on montelukast pharmacokinetics. Clopidogrel (300mg on day 1 and 75mg on day 2) increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of montelukast 2.0-fold (90% confidence interval (CI) 1.72-2.28, P < 0.001) and decreased the M6:montelukast AUC(0-7h) ratio to 45% of control (90% CI 40-50%, P < 0.001). Prasugrel (60mg on day 1 and 10mg on day 2) had no clinically meaningful effect on montelukast pharmacokinetics. Our results imply that clopidogrel is at least a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C8, but prasugrel is not a clinically relevant CYP2C8 inhibitor. The different interaction potentials of clopidogrel and prasugrel are important to consider when antiplatelet therapy is planned for patients at risk for polypharmacy with CYP2C8 substrates.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Karki, T, et al.
(författare)
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Supersymmetric quantum mechanics and the DeWitt effective action
- 1997
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW D. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0556-2821. ; 56:4, s. 2080-2085
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study the partition function of N=1 supersymmetric de Rham quantum mechanics on a Riemannian manifold, with a nontrivial chemical potential mu for the fermions. General arguments imply that when mu --> infinity we should get the partition function of a
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Leblanc, K. J., et al.
(författare)
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Stability of High Speed 3D Printing in Liquid-Like Solids
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. - : American Chemical Society. - 2373-9878. ; 2:10, s. 1796-1799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluid instabilities limit the ability of features to hold their shape in many types of 3D printing as liquid inks solidify into written structures. By 3D printing directly into a continuum of jammed granular microgels, these instabilities are circumvented by eliminating surface tension and body forces. However, this type of 3D printing process is potentially limited by inertial instabilities if performed at high speeds where turbulence may destroy features as they are written. Here, we design and test a high-speed 3D printing experimental system to identify the instabilities that arise when an injection nozzle translates at 1 m/s. We find that the viscosity of the injected material can control the Reynold's instability, and we discover an additional, unanticipated instability near the top surface of the granular microgel medium.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Lopes, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based ultrathin solar cells the pathway from lab rigid to large scale flexible technology
- 2023
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Ingår i: npj Flexible Electronics. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-4621. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incorporation of interface passivation structures in ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells is shown. The fabrication used an industry scalable lithography technique—nanoimprint lithography (NIL)—for a 15 × 15 cm2 dielectric layer patterning. Devices with a NIL nanopatterned dielectric layer are benchmarked against electron-beam lithography (EBL) patterning, using rigid substrates. The NIL patterned device shows similar performance to the EBL patterned device.The impact of the lithographic processes in the rigid solar cells’ performance were evaluated via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and through a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator. The device on stainless-steel showed a slightly lower performance than the rigid approach, due to additional challenges of processing steel substrates, even though scanning transmission electron microscopy did not show clear evidence of impurity diffusion. Notwithstanding, time-resolved photoluminescence results strongly suggested elemental diffusion from the flexible substrate. Nevertheless, bending tests on the stainless-steel device demonstrated the mechanical stability of the CIGS-based device.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Metaferia, Wondwosen, et al.
(författare)
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Selective area heteroepitaxy of InP nanopyramidal frusta on Si for nanophotonics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM), 2012 International Conference on. - : IEEE. - 9781467317252 ; , s. 81-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- InP nanopyramidal frusta on InP and InP precoated Si substrates were grown selectively from nano-imprinted circular openings in silicon dioxide mask using a low pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy reactor. The grown InP nanopyramidal frusta, octagonal in shape, were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Photoluminescence. The growth is extremely selective and uniform over the entire patterned area on both substrates. The measured diagonal of the top surface is 30 nm and 90 nm for the nanopyramidal frusta grown from 120 nm and 300 nm diameter openings, respectively. The size and morphology as well as the optical quality of these pyramidal frusta make them suitable templates for quantum dot structures for nano photonics and silicon photonics.
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| 45. |
- Metaferia, Wondwosen, et al.
(författare)
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Selective area heteroepitaxy through nanoimprint lithography for large area InP on Si
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics. - : Wiley. - 1610-1634 .- 1610-1642. ; 9:7, s. 1610-1613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of nanoimprint lithography, a low cost and time saving alternative to E-beam lithography, for growing heteroepitaxial indium phosphide layer on silicon is demonstrated. Two types of patterns on 500 nm and 200 nm thick silicon dioxide mask either on InP substrate or InP seed layer on silicon were generated by UV nanoimprint lithography: (i) circular openings of diameter 150 nm and 200 nm and (ii) line openings of width ranging from 200 nm to 500 nm. Selective area growth and epitaxial lateral overgrowth of InP were conducted on these patterns in a low pressure hydride vapour phase epitaxy reactor. The epitaxial layers obtained were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and micro photoluminescence. The growth from the circular openings on InP substrate and InP (seed) on Si substrate is extremely selective with similar growth morphology. The final shape has an octahedral flat top pyramid type geometry. These can be used as templates for growing InP nanostructures on silicon. The grown InP layers from the line openings on InP substrates are ∌ 2.5 Όm thick with root mean square surface roughness as low as 2 nm. Completely coalesced layer of InP over an area of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm was obtained.The room temperature photoluminescence intensity from InP layers on InP substrate is 55% of that of homoepitaxial InP layer. The decrease in PL intensity with respect to that of the homoepitaxial layer is probably due to defects associated with stacking faults caused by surface roughness of the mask surface. Thus in this study, we have demonstrated that growth of heteroepitaxial InP both homogeneously and selectively on the large area of silicon can be achieved. This opens up the feasibility of growing InP on large area silicon for several photonic applications.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Nakanishi, T, et al.
(författare)
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Age-dependent impact of the major common genetic risk factor for COVID-19 on severity and mortality
- 2021
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Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundThere is considerable variability in COVID-19 outcomes amongst younger adults—and some of this variation may be due to genetic predisposition. We characterized the clinical implications of the major genetic risk factor for COVID-19 severity, and its age-dependent effect, using individual-level data in a large international multi-centre consortium.MethodThe major common COVID-19 genetic risk factor is a chromosome 3 locus, tagged by the marker rs10490770. We combined individual level data for 13,424 COVID-19 positive patients (N=6,689 hospitalized) from 17 cohorts in nine countries to assess the association of this genetic marker with mortality, COVID-19-related complications and laboratory values. We next examined if the magnitude of these associations varied by age and were independent from known clinical COVID-19 risk factors.FindingsWe found that rs10490770 risk allele carriers experienced an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1·4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·2–1·6) and COVID-19 related mortality (HR 1·5, 95%CI 1·3–1·8). Risk allele carriers had increased odds of several COVID-19 complications: severe respiratory failure (odds ratio [OR] 2·0, 95%CI 1·6-2·6), venous thromboembolism (OR 1·7, 95%CI 1·2-2·4), and hepatic injury (OR 1·6, 95%CI 1·2-2·0). Risk allele carriers ≤ 60 years had higher odds of death or severe respiratory failure (OR 2·6, 95%CI 1·8-3·9) compared to those > 60 years OR 1·5 (95%CI 1·3-1·9, interaction p-value=0·04). Amongst individuals ≤ 60 years who died or experienced severe respiratory COVID-19 outcome, we found that 31·8% (95%CI 27·6-36·2) were risk variant carriers, compared to 13·9% (95%CI 12·6-15·2%) of those not experiencing these outcomes. Prediction of death or severe respiratory failure among those ≤ 60 years improved when including the risk allele (AUC 0·82 vs 0·84, p=0·016) and the prediction ability of rs10490770 risk allele was similar to, or better than, most established clinical risk factors.InterpretationThe major common COVID-19 risk locus on chromosome 3 is associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality—and these are more pronounced amongst individuals ≤ 60 years. The effect on COVID-19 severity was similar to, or larger than most established risk factors, suggesting potential implications for clinical risk management.FundingFunding was obtained by each of the participating cohorts individually.
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