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- Andersen A.C., Sotelo J.A., Pustovit V.N., Niklasson G.A.
(författare)
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Interstellar extinction by fractal polycrystalline graphite clusters?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electromagnetic and Light Scattering by Non-spherical Particles. - : Army Research Laboratory. ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain dust particles in space are expected to appear as clusters of individual grains. The morphology of these clusters could be fractal or compact. To determine how these structural features would affect the interpretation of the observed interstellar
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- Avendaño, Esteban, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromism in Nickel Oxide Films Containing Mg, Al, Si, V, Zr, Nb, Ag, or Ta, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells
- 2004
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells. ; 84, s. 337-350
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- Ederth, J., Johnsson, P., Niklasson, G.A., Hoel, A., Hultåker, A., Heszler, P., Granqvist, C.G., van Doorn, A.R., Jongerius, M.J., Burgard, D.
(författare)
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Electrical and optical properties of thin films consisting of tin-doped indium oxide nanoparticles
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics) 68, 155410, (1-10) (2003)..
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- Ederth, J., Niklasson, G.A., Hultåker, A.,. Heszler P., Granqvist, C.G., van Doorn, A., Jongerius, M.J. and Burgard, D. Characterization of Porous Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films using Effective Medium Theory, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 984-988 (2003).
(författare)
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Characterization of Porous Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films using Effective Medium Theory
- 2003
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Ingår i: J. Appl. Phys. 93, 984-988 (2003)..
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- Etherden, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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A theoretical feasibility study of pigments for thickness-sensitive spectrally selective paints
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 37:7, s. 1115-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a model for thickness-sensitive spectrally selective paints and use it to optimize their optical properties with respect to the particle size of the pigment. Pigments were chosen from different classes of materials such as metals, low band gap insulators and semiconductors and carbon. Silicone was chosen as the binder and the paint thickness was varied from 1 to 4 µm. Scattering and absorption cross sections were derived from Mie theory for spherical particles, and the particle radii ranged between 10 and 500 nm. The reflectance was derived from a radiative transfer formulation of a four-flux model, assuming a mono-disperse particle ensemble. The integrated values for near-normal solar absorptance and thermal emittance at 100°C were calculated from the total near-normal spectral reflectance in the wavelength range 0.3–30 µm. It was found that all the pigments investigated have an optimal particle radius of about 100 nm in the case of a 1.0 µm thick paint layer and a particle volume fraction of 0.20. The optimal particle size increases slightly for thicker films. It was also found that direct, low band gap semiconductors give the best spectral selectivity. A solar absorptance of 0.91 and a thermal emittance of 0.13 were computed for PbS particles of volume fraction 0.20 in a 2.0 µm thick paint layer on aluminium.
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- Gómez, M.M., et al.
(författare)
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Dye-sensitized sputtered titanium oxide films for photovoltaic applications : influence of the O2/Ar gas flow ratio during the deposition
- 2003
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 76:1, s. 37-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Titanium oxide films were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering onto SnO2:F coated glass substrates. The O-2/Ar gas flow ratio was kept at a constant value Gamma during the deposition, and a series of films were deposited with 0.050 < Gamma < 0.072. Structural studies were performed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy; the structure displayed penniform features with a clear dependence on F. Charge transport in the films was evaluated by use of time-resolved photocurrents; a diffusion model was fitted to the experimental data and two different transport mechanisms were proposed depending on the film stoichiometry. Dye sensitization in cis-dithiocyanato-bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate) ruthenium (II) was performed to evaluate incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency and solar cell properties of the films. These parameters showed a clear dependence on Gamma. Optical measurements gave evidence for the presence of polaron absorption for the film deposited at Gamma = 0.050.
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- Granqvist, Claes Göran, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Thermochromic Fenestration Based on VO2 : Finally a Technology of Practical Interest?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Society Of Vacuum Coaters 59th Annual Technical Conference Proceedings, 2016. - : Society of Vacuum Coaters. ; , s. 62-69
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vanadium-dioxide-based thermochromic thin films and nanoparticle composites can have significant transmittance for visible light, Tlum, while they are able to transmit more near-infrared solar radiation at τ < τc than at τ > τc, where τ denotes temperature and τc ≈ 68 °C. It has been understood for many years that these properties are of principle interest for energy efficient fenestration, but the technology has been slow to mature. The present paper summarizes the state of the art of VO2-based thermochromics and points at the many advances that have been made during recent years. Specifically, the paper discusses how to employ doping to adjust τc to room temperature and to increase Tlum, how to use nano materials to enhance the solar energy transmittance modulation and Tlum, and how to prepare nanoparticle composites by sputtering. A brief discussion is given on thermochromic light scattering, which is a recently discovered phenomenon.
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- Gugole, Marika, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing electrochromism for plasmonic electronic paper: Inorganic vs organic
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics. - 2429-1390. ; , s. 760-761
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combination of plasmonic nanostructures and electrochromic materials for dynamic color generation has been of interest in recent years due to the possibility to make reflective displays in full color with extremely low power consumption compared to emissive displays. We show a comparison between two electrochromic materials, tungsten trioxide (inorganic) and PProDOTMe2 (organic), for electrical modulation of the resonantly reflected light from plasmonic nanostructures. The comparison focuses on achievable contrast, switching speed, coloration memory and power consumption.
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- Hedenus, P, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of instantaneous water absorption properties of pharmaceutical excipients.
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 202:1-2, s. 141-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powders absorb water by both capillary imbibition and swelling. The capillary process is almost instantaneous but swelling occurs over a period of time. An isothermal transient ionic current technique was used in this study to characterise the instantaneous absorption properties (rate and capacity) of a few selected pharmaceutical excipients. The results indicate that the instantaneous and long term water absorption properties of pharmaceutical powders can differ considerably. The rate of instantaneous water absorption appears to correlate with the total surface area while the absorption capacity correlates more with the porosity of the powder.
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- Holmgren, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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The pubertal growth spurt is diminished in children with severe obesity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 90, s. 184-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background At the population level, there is a negative linear correlation between childhood body mass index (BMI) and pubertal height gain. However, in children with obesity, there are no studies showing whether the severity of obesity affects pubertal height gain. Moreover, how obesity in childhood affects pubertal timing is controversial, especially in boys. We aimed to investigate the impact of severe obesity in childhood on the pubertal growth spurt in both sexes. Methods The study group consisted of 68 patients (32 boys) with childhood onset obesity followed in a Spanish university hospital. The QEPS growth model was used to calculate pubertal growth function estimates for each individual. The highest individual prepubertal BMI SDS value was related to the age at onset of pubertal growth and pubertal height gain. Results were compared to analyses from individuals in a community-based setting (n = 1901) with different weight status. Results A higher peak BMI in childhood was associated with less specific pubertal height gain in children with moderate-to-extreme obesity. For boys, the higher the BMI, the earlier the onset of pubertal growth. For girls with obesity, this correlation was not linear. Conclusions Obesity in childhood impairs the pubertal growth spurt in a severity-related fashion. Impact The higher the BMI in childhood, the lower the pubertal height gain in children with moderate-to-extreme obesity. For boys with obesity, the higher the BMI, the earlier the onset of pubertal growth. The results contribute to the research field of how weight status in childhood is related to pubertal timing and pubertal growth. The results have implications for understanding how childhood obesity is related to further growth.
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- Hultaker, A., et al.
(författare)
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Electrical and optical properties of sputter deposited tin doped indium oxide thin films with silver additive
- 2001
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 392:2, s. 305-310
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tin doped indium oxide (ITO) films with a few mol% of silver were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. The purpose of adding silver is to boost conductivity. The real part of the refractive index of ITO was determined from ellipsometry data, applying a model combining a Drude and a Lorentz term. The imaginary part was calculated from the absorptance, which was derived from transmittance and reflectance data. We found that up to 6 mol% of silver additive enhanced the conductivity by as much as a factor of two for layers post-treated at 200 and 300°C in reducing gas consisting of 93% N2 and 7% H2. For samples with 1 mol% silver, which was post-treated at 100 and 200°C, we observed an increase in the luminous transmittance. The transmittance decreased with increased silver content. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
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