| 1. |
- Ahrsjö, ulah0325, et al.
(författare)
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Identity in Court Decision-Making*
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We explore the role of identity along multiple dimensions in high-stakes decisionmaking.Our data contain information about demographic and socioeconomic indicatorsfor randomly assigned jurors and defendants in a Swedish court. Our results showthat defendants are 15 percent less likely to get a prison sentence if they and the jurorsbelong to the same identity-forming groups. Socioeconomic background and demographicattributes are at least as important, and combining several identities producesstronger e ects.
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| 2. |
- Grenet, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of electronic monitoring on offenders and their families
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic monitoring (EM) has emerged as a popular tool for curbing the growth of large prison populations. Evidence on the causal effects of EM on criminal recidivism is, however, limited and it is unclear how this alternative to incarceration affects the labor supply of offenders and the outcomes of their family members. We study the countrywide expansion of EM in Sweden in 1997 wherein offenders sentenced to up to three months in prison were granted the option to substitute incarceration with EM. Our difference-in-differences estimates, which compare the change in the prison inflow rate of treated offenders to that of non-treated offenders with slightly longer sentences, show that the reform significantly decreased the number of incarcerations. Our main finding is that EM not only lowers criminal recidivism but also increases labor supply. Additionally, EM improves the educational attainment and early-life earnings of the children whose parents were exposed to the reform. The primary mechanisms through which EM operates appear to involve the preservation of offenders' ties to the labor market, by reducing the barriers to both finding a job and changing employers. Our calculations suggest that the social benefits stemming from EM are about seven times larger than the fiscal savings associated with reduced prison expenditures, implying that the welfare gains from EM could be much greater than previously acknowledged.
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| 3. |
- Grenet, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Electronic Monitoring on Offenders and theirFamilies
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electronic monitoring (EM) is a popular instrument to reduce large prison populations.Evidence on the effects of EM on criminal recidivism is, however, limited and it is unclearhow this alternative to incarceration affects the labor market outcomes of offenders. Moreover,little is known about potential spillover effects on family members. We study theintroduction of EM in Sweden in 1997 wherein offenders sentenced to up to three monthsin prison were given the possibility to avoid entering prison by substituting to EM. Ourdifference-in-differences estimates comparing the change in the prison inflow rate of eligibleoffenders to that of non-eligible offenders with slightly longer sentences show that the reformdramatically decreased incarcerations. Our main finding is that EM lowers criminalrecidivism and improves offenders’ labor market outcomes. There is also some evidence ofimprovements in the short and intermediate run outcomes of the children of the offenders.The main channels through which EM operates seem to be by allowing offenders to maintainregular work and potentially also by reducing employer discrimination. Our calculationssuggest that the social benefits of EM are at least six to nine times larger than the fiscalsavings from reduced prison expenditure. This makes the welfare improvements from EMpotentially much greater than what has been previously recognized.
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| 4. |
- Grönqvist, Hans, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol availability and arime : lessons from liberalized weekend sales restrictions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 81, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a large-scale experimental scheme implemented in Sweden whereby the state in the year 2000 required all alcohol retail stores in selected areas to stay open on Saturdays. The purpose of the scheme was to evaluate possible social consequences of expanding access to alcohol during weekends. Using rich individual level data we show that this increase in alcohol availability raised both alcohol use and crime.
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| 5. |
- Grönqvist, Hans, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Availability and Crime: Lessons from Liberalized Weekend Sales Restrictions
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In February 2000, the Swedish state monopoly alcohol retail company launched a largescale experiment in which all stores in selected counties were allowed to keep open onSaturdays. We assess the effects on crime of this expansion in access to alcohol. Toisolate the impact of the experiment from other factors, we compare conviction rates inage cohorts above and below the national drinking age restriction in counties where theexperiment had been implemented, and contrast these differences to those in countiesthat still prohibited weekend alcohol commerce. Our analysis relies on extensiveindividual conviction data that have been merged to population registers. Afterdemonstrating that Saturday opening of alcohol shops significantly raised alcohol sales,we show that it also increased crime. The increase is confined to crimes committed onSaturdays and is driven by illegal activity among individuals with low ability and amongpersons with fathers that have completed at least some secondary education. Althoughthe increases in crime and alcohol sales were slightly higher during the initial phase ofthe experiment, our evidence suggests that both effects persist over time. Our analysisreveals that the social costs linked to the experiment exceed the monetary benefits.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Grönqvist, Hans, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Income inequality and health : Lessons from a refugee residential assignment program
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 31:4, s. 617-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the effect of income inequality on health for a group of particularly disadvantaged individuals: refugees. Our analysis draws on longitudinal hospitalization records coupled with a settlement policy where Swedish authorities assigned newly arrived refugees to their first area of residence. The policy was implemented in a way that provides a source of plausibly random variation in initial location. The results reveal no statistically significant effect of income inequality on the risk of being hospitalized. This finding holds also for most population subgroups and when separating between different types of diagnoses. Our estimates are precise enough to rule out large effects of income inequality on health.
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| 11. |
- Niknami, Susan, 1980-
(författare)
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Essays on Inequality and Social Policy : Education, Crime and Health
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four empirical essays. The first essay evaluates the impact on crime of a large scale experimental scheme in which all state monopoly alcohol stores in selected Swedish counties kept open on Saturdays. We show that the experiment significantly raised both alcohol sales and crime. The effect is confined to Saturdays and tentative evidence indicates a displacement of crime from weekdays to Saturdays. The experiment had no significant impact on crime over the entire week.The second essay examines the effect of income inequality on health for newly arrived refugees. The results reveal no statistically significant effect of income inequality on the risk of being hospitalized. This finding holds for most population subgroups and when separating between different types of diagnoses. The conclusions do not change when we consider long-term exposure to inequality. Our estimates are precise enough to rule out large effects of income inequality on health.The third essay examines the effect of relative income differences on criminal behavior. There is a positive effect on the propensity to commit property crime. The effect is small and mainly driven by past offenders, low educated and young individuals. I only find weak evidence that relative income differences increases the likelihood to commit violent crime. The empirical analysis further reveals that differences in gross labor earnings are more strongly related to crime than disparities in disposable income.The fourth essay describes the patterns of intergenerational transmission of education among immigrant mothers and their daughters. The results show that the persistence is slightly lower among immigrants compared to natives, and that the relationship is weaker among those who start out disadvantaged. I find large variations across different immigrant groups, but these differences are partly explained by the fact that groups belong to different parts of the educational distribution.
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| 12. |
- Niknami, Susan, 1980-
(författare)
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Intergenerational Transmission of Education among Female Immigrants
- 2016
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Ingår i: Review of Economics of the Household. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1569-5239 .- 1573-7152. ; 14:3, s. 715-744
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper uses high-quality register data to perform one of the first descriptions of the patterns of intergenerational transmission of education among immigrant mothers and their daughters. The paper also raises several methodological points related to functional form and measurement error in immigrants’ education. The results show that the degree of intergenerational persistence is lower among immigrants compared to natives, and that the relationship is weaker among those who start out disadvantaged. I find large variations across different immigrant groups, which are partly explained by the first generation’s position in the educational distribution.
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| 13. |
- Niknami, Susan, 1980-
(författare)
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Intergenerational Transmission of Education among Female Immigrants
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper uses high-quality register data to perform one of the first analyzes of the intergenerational transmission of education among immigrant mothers and their daugthers. The paper also raises several methodological points related to functional form and measurement error in immigrants' education. The results show that the persistence is slightly lower among immigrants compared to natives, and that the relationship is weaker among those who start out disadvantaged. I find large variations across different immigrant groups, but these differences are partly explained by the fact that groups belong to different parts of the educational distribution.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Niknami, Susan, 1980-
(författare)
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The Effect of Relative Income Differences on Crime : Evidence from Micro-data
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the first study to examine the effect of relative income differences on criminal behavior. I use rich register data that encompass detailed information on individual convictions, labor market as well as demographic characteristics. The results show that there is a positive effect on the propensity to commit property crime. The effect is small and mainly driven by past offenders, low educated and young individuals. I only find weak evidence that relative income differences increases the likelihood to commit violent crime. The empirical analysis however reveals that differences in gross labor earnings are more strongly related to crime than disparities in disposable income.
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