| 1. |
- Ahlund, John, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular growth determined by surface domain patterns
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:17, s. 6887-6890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) on InSb(001) c(8 x 2) at submonolayer coverage has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). FePc adsorbs flat centered on the In rows both at 70 K and at room temperature (RT). However, the shapes of the two-dimensional molecular islands are fundamentally different; while the RT growth results in chainlike structures along the [I 10] direction, as already observed for other Pc's adsorbed on the same surface, the islands are prolonged along [110], i.e., perpendicular to the substrate rows, at 70 K. These observations are explained on the basis of a recently observed new surface phase at low temperature, resulting in structural domains on the surface. The molecular growth front follows the propagating domain boundary that freezes at low temperature.
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| 2. |
- Alfredsson, Ylvi, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of a vapor-deposited metal-free phthalocyanine thin film
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 122:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of a vapor-sublimated thin film of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) is studied experimentally and theoretically. An atom-specific picture of the occupied and unoccupied electronic states is obtained using x-ray-absorption spectroscopy (XAS), core- and valence-level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT calculations allow for an identification of the contributions from individual nitrogen atoms to the experimental N1s XAS and valence XPS spectra. This comprehensive study of metal-free phthalocyanine is relevant for the application of such molecules in molecular electronics and provides a solid foundation for identifying modifications in the electronic structure induced by various substituent groups.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Beckman, Claes, 1962-
(författare)
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Svar till PTS konsultation inför planerad tilldelning av frekvensutrymme i 2,3- och 3,5 GHz-banden samt tilldelning av frekvensutrymme för lokala tillstånd
- 2019
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS) har beretts möjlighet att ge sin syn på PTS ”Konsultation inför planerad tilldelning av frekvensutrymme i 2,3- och 3,5 GHz-banden samt tilldelning av frekvensutrymme för lokala tillstånd”, PTS DNR 18-8496.KTH anser att det är olyckligt att PTS frångår principen om teknikneutrala band. Vi förstår att i detta fall finns inga alternativ men råder PTS att arbeta för att framtida spektrumtilldelning sker på teknikneutral basis då inlåsning av frekvensband till specifika tekniker inte bidrar till innovation.TDD medger ett mer effektivt utnyttjande av spektrum i fallet då nedlänkstrafik dominerar. Denna vinst måste dock vägas mot det faktum att co-ordinering och synkronisering av och mellan operatörernas nät hämmar konkurrensen. En möjlig framtida lösning är att 3.5 bandet enbart används för nedlänk och att upplänk sker i annat band (tex 1800 bandet). Slutligen så bör spektrumvillkoren vara oberoende av de nu existerande aktörerna. För att även öppna upp för flera och ev nya operatörer så föreslår vi att hela bandet 3,4 - 3,8GHz bjuds ut vid denna auktion.
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| 5. |
- Brena, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Equivalent core-hole time-dependent density functional theory calculations of carbon 1s shake-up states of phthalocyanine
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70:19, s. 195214-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shake-up transition energies of the carbon 1s photoelectron spectrum of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) have been calculated by means of time-dependent density functional theory, for which an equivalent core approximation is adopted. Model calculations for the C 1s shake-up states of benzene are in excellent agreement with the latest experimental results. The complex C 1s shake-up structures associated with the aromatic and pyrrole carbons in the phthalocyanine are computed, as well as their ionization potentials. They allow us to determine the origin of the anomalous intensity ratio between the pyrrole and benzene carbons in a high resolution C 1s photoelectron spectrum measured for a H2Pc film, as due to a benzene-related shake-up contribution, hidden under the pyrrole main intensity feature.
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| 6. |
- Brena, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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InSb-TiOPc interfaces : Band alignment, ordering and structure dependent HOMO splitting
- 2009
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 603:20, s. 3160-3169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) have been adsorbed on InSb(1 1 1) (3 x 3) and InSb(1 0 0) c(8 x 2) surfaces and studied with respect to their electronic structure using photoemission (PES), density functional theory (DFT) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The interface chemical interaction is weak in both cases; no adsorbate induced surface band bending is observed and the energy level alignment across the interface is determined by the original position of the substrate Fermi level and the charge neutrality level of the molecule. Room temperature adsorption results in disordered films on both surfaces. The behaviors after annealing are different; on InSb(1 0 0) well-ordered molecular chains form along and on top of the In-rows, whereas on (1 1 1) no long range order is observed. The disorder leads to intermolecular interactions between the titanyl group and neighboring benzene rings leading to a split of TiOPc HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) by as much as 0.8 eV.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Carlström, Eric, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Medical Emergencies During a Half Marathon Race - The Influence of Weather
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - Stuttgart : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 40:5, s. 312-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to analyze the influence of weather conditions on medical emergencies in a half-marathon, specifically by evaluating its relation to the number of non-finishers, ambulance-required assistances, and collapses in need of ambulance as well as looking at the location of such emergencies on the race course. Seven years of data from the world's largest half marathon were used. Meteorological data were obtained from a nearby weather station, and the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was used as a measure of general weather conditions. Of the 315,919 race starters, 104 runners out of the 140 ambulance-required assistances needed ambulance services due to collapses. Maximum air temperature and PET significantly co-variated with ambulance-required assistances, collapses, and non-finishers (R (2) =0.65-0.92; p=0.001-0.03). When air temperatures vary between 15-29 degrees C, an increase of 1 degrees C results in an increase of 2.5 (0.008/1000) ambulance-required assistances, 2.5 (0.008/1000) collapses (needing ambulance services), and 107 (0.34/1000) non-finishers. The results also indicate that when the daily maximum PET varies between 18-35 degrees C, an increase of 1 degrees C PET results in an increase of 1.8 collapses (0.006/1000) needing ambulance services and 66 non-finishers (0.21/1000).
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| 9. |
- Fridell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbidity in heavy drug abuse
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scientific Monograph series 3. - Lisabon : EMCDDA. ; , s. 1-4
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Profiling Collapsing Half Marathon Runners-Emerging Risk Factors : Results from Gothenburg Half Marathon
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sports. - : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 8:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among several serious medical conditions, arrhythmia and heat stroke are two important causes of death during endurance races. Clinically, collapsing might be the first sign of these serious conditions and may mimic the more common and benign exercise-associated collapse. Several risk factors have been reported in the literature. We aimed to conduct a qualitative study to find a perceived risk profile among runners who collapsed and who were transported by ambulances to the nearest hospital during Gothenburg's half marathon (2010-2017). Collapsing runners seem to lack the ability to make a decision to withdraw from the contest despite being exhausted. They feel the pain, but are unable to put meaning to their feeling, to adjust their pacing, and to handle other influences. Consequently, they do not overcome the problem or assess the situation. These individual mental characteristics may indicate a unique profile for collapsing runners. Pre-race health control and educational initiatives aiming at mental preparedness and information before endurance races might be a necessary step to avoid life-threatening complications.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Luning, Hampus, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and characteristics of severe exercise-associated collapse at the world's largest half-marathon
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Whilst many health benefits are associated with regular exercise, medical complications may occur during higher-intensity activities, such as long distance running contests. The most common complication is collapse. However, the incidence and characteristics of these collapses are not very well studied. This is a retrospective study of severe collapse, defined as a patient in need of advanced medical care after a collapse, during the large Gothenburg's half marathon, Goteborgsvarvet. The study included 230,501 competitors during the study-period of 5 years (20132017) with data being collected from medical race tents and using ambulance data. Vital signs, treatment and blood gas samples were noted and analyzed. The incidence of severe collapse was 1.53 per 1000 starting runners. The average age for patients was 34 years old and no difference in incidence were seen between male and female runners. The typical collapsed runner presented with tachycardia, normal systolic blood pressure, elevated body temperature and metabolic acidosis. The most common medical encounter was exercise-associated collapse. The incidence of severe collapse was similar to findings in other studies, even though this study was set in different part of the world. Typical characteristics of a collapsed runner were identified providing new information which could be beneficial in the medical planning of larger running competitions and future preventative interventions. Importantly, life threatening conditions seem uncommon; no case of hyponatremia and only two cases of hypoglycemia were seen.
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| 14. |
- Lövsund, Per, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Passenger Car Crash Worthiness in Moose-Car Collisions
- 1989
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Ingår i: Proc Twelfth Int Techn Conf on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). ; , s. 410-415
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development and verification of a moose/dummy for testing the crash worthiness of cars in moose-car accidents.The dummy is based on and verified against the results of a staged collsion in which a passenger car impacts a moose cadaver. The cadaver test is also described in the report.Moose-car accidents contribute to about 2 percent of the death casualties in the Nordic road traffic and the type is even more represented among slighter injuries. Since several attempts to reduce the frequency of moose-car accidents have provided to have minor effect improvements of the crash worthiness of passenger cars in this kind of impact might be desirable.
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| 15. |
- Monti, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
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Green mobile backhaul in heterogeneous wireless deployments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, ACP 2013. - Washington, D.C. : Optical Society of America.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This tutorial first introduces and describes different backhaul technological and architectural options (i.e., fiber-, microwave-, and copper-based), then it discusses their impact on the energy consumption of current and future heterogeneous mobile wireless access deployments.
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| 16. |
- Nilson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and stability of protein H and the M1 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes. Implications for other surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria
- 1995
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 34:41, s. 13688-13698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- M proteins and other members of the M protein family, expressed on the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes, bind host proteins such as immunoglobulins, albumin, and fibrinogen. Protein H and the M1 protein are expressed by adjacent genes and both belong to the M protein family. In this work, the structure and stability of these two proteins have been investigated. As judged from sequence analysis and circular dichroism spectroscopy, the proteins are almost entirely in an alpha-helix conformation. The amino acids are arranged in a seven-residue (heptad) repeat pattern along the greater part of the proteins. These observations support the previously accepted model of M proteins as coiled-coil dimers. However, it was also found that the structures of both proteins were thermally unstable; i.e., the content of helix conformation was greatly reduced at 37 degrees C as compared to 25 degrees C or below. Together with previous findings that these proteins appear as monomers at 37 degrees C and dimers at low temperatures, the results suggest that the coiled-coil dimers are unfolded at 37 degrees C. The heptad patterns of protein H and the M1 protein showed a nonoptimal distribution of residues expected for a coiled-coil conformation. This is a possible explanation for the low thermal stability of the proteins. It was also demonstrated that the proteins were stabilized in the presence of the ligands IgG and/or albumin. Protein H and M1 protein show a high degree of sequence similarity in their C-terminal regions, and a fragment from this region displayed a high content of helix conformation, whereas fragments from the nonsimilar N-terminal parts did not adopt any stable folded structure. Thus, the C-terminal parts, which are conserved within the M protein family, may constitute a framework for the formation of the parallel helical coiled-coil structure, and we propose that the less stable N-terminal part may also participate in antiparallel interaction with M proteins on adjacent bacteria. The results suggest that temperature fluctuations in the environment could change the properties of bacterial surface proteins, thereby affecting the molecular interactions between the bacterium and its host.
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| 17. |
- Nilson, Finn, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Can participants predict where ambulance-requiring cases occur at a half marathon?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. - Köpenhamn : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 28:12, s. 2760-2766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite endurance races leading to a substantial number of ambulance-requiring cases (ARC), little is known regarding where they occur, meaning that knowing where to place medical teams, ambulance pick-up points, etc, is difficult. This article investigates whether the location of ARCs can be identified by race participants.Using the world's largest half marathon (Gothenburg half marathon) as a case, 237 runners were asked, post-race, to mark on a map which geographical point of the race was most exhausting. Using the level of agreement tests, these geographical points were then compared with the GPS positions of ARCs.According to the level of agreement tests, the most exhausting positions (MEP), as identified by participants, seem to be highly correlated to the location of ARCs. This study can also show that ambulance-requiring cases seem to be more prevalent towards the end of the race and in uphill sections.By asking participants where they found the race most exhausting it seems possible to identify high-risk places for an ARC. From a practical perspective, using this method could considerably increase the safety of competitors as well as improving the cost-effectiveness of safety interventions at endurance races. Further studies are needed to understand the specific risk factors of the high-risk areas as well as characteristics of collapsed runners.
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| 18. |
- Nilson, Finn, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality in long-distance running races in Sweden - 2007–2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background During the last decade, an increasing popularity of marathons has been seen. Although running has been shown to have considerable positive health effects, the risk of sudden death, most often due to sudden cardiac arrests, is also a risk runners expose themselves to. Whilst there are some studies on the mortality amongst long-distance runners, much of the evidence is dated. Given the increased popularity in running during the 21st century as well as the improvements in medical care at marathons, more knowledge is required on the mortality risk. Materials and method Publicly available racing and news databases were used to identify the number of entrants and finishers in half to full marathons in Sweden between 2007 and 2016 and the number of deaths that occurred in conjunction with the races. Results A total of 1,156,271 runners entered a long distance (21-42km) running race in Sweden between 2007 and 2016, and 834,412 runners finished the races (72.2%). A large majority of the finishers (677,050 (81%)) competed in distances under a full marathon. Two deaths occurred during the time period, meaning that the death rate was 0.24 (95% confidence interval 0.04–0.79) per 100,000 finishers. Conclusions This study can show that death rates in long distance running races between 2007 and 2016 in Sweden are very low, compared to previous studies. When added to the existing literature, the combined picture suggests a general downward trend in the risk of death during marathons since the 1980s.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Nilson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Potassium-intercalated H2Pc films : Alkali-induced electronic and geometrical modifications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 137:4, s. 044708-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray spectroscopy studies of potassium intercalated metal-free phthalocyanine multilayers adsorbed on Al(110) have been undertaken. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show the presence of several charge states of the molecules upon K intercalation, due to a charge transfer from the alkali. In addition, the comparison of valence band photoemission spectra with the density functional theory calculations of the density of states of the H2Pc- anion indicates a filling of the formerly lowest unoccupied molecular orbital by charge transfer from the alkali. This is further confirmed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies, which show a decreased density of unoccupied states. XAS measurements in different experimental geometries reveal that the molecules in the pristine film are standing upright on the surface or are only slightly tilted away from the surface normal but upon K intercalation, the molecular orientation is changed in that the tilt angle of the molecules increases.
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| 23. |
- Nilson, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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STM and XPS characterization of Zinc Phthalocyanine on InSb(001)
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 602:2, s. 452-459
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) adsorbed on the InSb(0 0 1)-c(8 x 2) surface has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Coverages from sub-monolayer to monolayer (ML) have been investigated. The molecules form ordered structures on the reconstructed rows of the surface with the molecular plane parallel to the surface. A change in the electronic structure between the sub-ML and higher coverages has been observed. Moreover, in order to study the influence of annealing on the electronic and geometric structures, the samples have been heated to elevated temperatures (about 640 K). In addition, multi-layer ZnPc films have been characterized by XPS measurements.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Palmgren, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Changing adsorption mode of FePc on TiO2(110) by surface modification with bipyridine
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 129:7, s. 074707-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface modification of reactive oxide substrates to obtain a less strongly interacting template for dye adsorption may be a way to enhance performance in dye-sensitized solar cells. In this work, we have investigated the electronic and structural properties of 4,4(')-bipyridine (bipy) as modifier adsorbed on the TiO2(110) surface. The modified surface is then coated with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and the properties of this heterostructure are investigated with synchrotron based photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that a saturated monolayer consisting of standing bipy molecules with one nitrogen atom pointing outward is formed on the oxide surface. FePc adsorb in molecular chains along the [001] direction on top of bipy and ordered in a tilted arrangement with adjacent molecules partially overlapping. Already from the first layer, the electronic properties of FePc resemble those of multilayer films. FePc alone is oxidized on the TiO2(110) surface, but preadsorbed bipy prevents this reaction. The energy level lineup at the interface is clarified.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Palmgren, Pål, et al.
(författare)
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Strong interactions in dye-sensitized interfaces
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 112:15, s. 5972-5977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are capable of converting sunlight into electric energy when adsorbed on TiO2 in a dye-sensitized solar cell. Of special interest in this type of cell is the energy level alignment as well as how molecules adsorb on the surface as it determines the output of the cell. We investigated the FePc-TiO2(110) interface using scanning tunneling microscopy, synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We found a strong coupling of the first-layer FePc to the substrate resulting in an alteration of the electronic structure and charge transfer from the molecules. The FePc in the second layer is not severely affected by the bonding to the surface and has bulk-like electronic properties. The growth of FePc thin films proceeds in a layer plus island mode, and the molecular plane is parallel to the surface. The energy level alignment at the interface is determined, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is found above the conduction band minimum of the oxide substrate.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Popov, Mikhail, et al.
(författare)
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Green distributed antenna systems : Optimized design and upper bound for energy efficiency
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 21st International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, SoftCOM 2013. - 9789532900439
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency in Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) has been an overlooked subject in favor of achieving the required coverage. In this paper, we demonstrate that DAS energy efficiency can be improved (in Joule/bit) up to an order of magnitude with retained Quality of Service. We also demonstrate that for an optical-wireless system there can be an optimum number of antennas which maximizes the energy efficiency.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Sjöström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstruction of the atrophic edentulous maxilla with free iliac crest grafts and implants: a 3-year report of a prospective clinical study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical implant dentistry and related research. - : Wiley. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 9:1, s. 46-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to perform a longitudinal follow-up study of implant stability in grafted maxillae with the aid of clinical, radiological, and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The atrophic edentulous maxillae in 29 patients were reconstructed with free iliac crest grafts using onlay/inlay or interpositional grafting techniques. The endpoint of the resorption pattern in the maxilla determined the grafting technique used. Endosteal implants were placed after 6 months of bone-graft healing. Implant stability was measured four times using RFA: when the implants were placed, after 6 to 8 months of healing, after 6 months and 3 years of bridge loading. Individual checkups were performed at the two later RFA registrations after removal of the supraconstructions (Procera Implant Bridge, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden). Radiological follow up of marginal bone level was performed annually. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients remained for the follow-up period. A total of 192 implants were placed and with a survival rate of 90% at the 3-year follow up. Women and an implant position with a class 6 resorption prior to reconstruction were factors with significant increased risk for implant failure (multivariate logistic regression). Twelve of the 20 failed implants were lost before loading (early failures). The change in the marginal bone level was 0.3 +/- 0.3 mm between baseline (bridge delivery) and the 3-year follow up. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) value for all implants differed significantly between abutment connection (60.2 +/- 7.3) and after 6 months of bridge loading (62.5 +/- 5.5) (Wilcoxon signed ranks test for paired data, p=.05) but were nonsignificant between 6 months of bridge loading and 3 years of bridge loading (61.8 +/- 5.5). There was a significant difference between successful and failed implants when the ISQ values were compared for individual implants at placement (Mann-Whitney U test, p=.004). All 25 patients were provided with fixed implant bridges at the time of the 3-year follow up. CONCLUSION: This clinical follow up using radiological examinations and RFA measurements indicates a predictable and stable long-term result for patients with atrophic edentulous maxillae reconstructed with autogenous bone and with delayed placement of endosteal implants. The ISQ value at the time of placement can probably serve as an indicator of level of risk for implant failure.
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| 33. |
- Thorsson, Sofia, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Is Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) a superior screening tool for heat stress risk than Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index? : Eight years of data from the Gothenburg half marathon
- 2021
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 55:15, s. 825-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index is a common tool to screen for heat stress for sporting events. However, the index has a number of limitations. Rational indices, such as the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), are potential alternatives. Aim: To identify the thermal index that best predicts ambulance-required assistances and collapses during a city half marathon. Methods: Eight years (2010-2017) of meteorological and ambulance transport data, including medical records, from Gothenburg's half-marathon were used to analyse associations between WBGT, PET and UTCI and the rates of ambulance-required assistances and collapses. All associations were evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations and leave-one-out-cross-validation. Results: The PET index showed the strongest correlation with both the rate of ambulance-required assistances (R2=0.72, p=0.008) and collapses (R2=0.71, p=0.008), followed by the UTCI (R2=0.64, p=0.017; R2=0.64, p=0.017) whereas the WBGT index showed substantially poorer correlations (R2=0.56, p=0.031; R2=0.56, p=0.033). PET stages of stress, match the rates of collapses better that the WBGT flag colour warning. Compared with the PET, the WBGT underestimates heat stress, especially at high radiant heat load. The rate of collapses increases with increasing heat stress; large increase from the day before the race seems to have an impact of the rate of collapses. Conclusion: We contend that the PET is a better predictor of collapses during a half marathon than the WBGT. We call for further investigation of PET as a screening tool alongside WBGT.
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| 34. |
- Timus, Bogdan, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economical viability of deployment strategies for cellular-relaying networks
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 IEEE 67TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE-SPRING. - 9781424420414 ; , s. 2259-2263
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of an operator to respond to changes in demand by incrementally deploying additional network infrastructure is essential. This paper(1) presents a method for evaluating and comparing the economic viability of incremental deployment strategies given a limited initial investment budget. Any strategy is seen as a sequence of deployment decisions. The time-dynamic relation between service quality and demand is taken into account via the limited investment budget (cash How analysis), while the focus is maintained on the technical properties of the network. As an example, the economic viability of a 1D cellular-relaying network is analyzed under greedy deployment strategies. In order for the cellular-relaying solution to be viable, we show that the maximum allowed relay cost decreases with the investment budget.
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| 35. |
- Västberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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"Green Radio" in Heterogeneous Wireless Wideband Networks
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterogeneous networks are an efficient way to support high data rates for non-uniform spatial traffic densities. In this paper we have studied the power consumption of different configurations of heterogeneous wireless networks in an urban environment. The model used is based on simulating the spatial traffic densities with a log-normal distribution, and making Monte-Carlo simulations to estimate the power consumption of different network layouts. We have compared the power consumption of three different network layouts. The power consumption break-even for a macro layer supported by a hotspot layer, compared to a macro cellular layer, is around 25-30 Mbps per square kilometer. At data rates of 100 Mbps per square kilometer, the power consumption of the hotspot supported layout is approximately half of the macro-layer only configuration.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Åhlund, John, et al.
(författare)
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The electronic structure of iron phthalocyanine probed by photoelectron and x-ray absorption spectroscopies and density functional theory calculations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 125:3, s. 034709-1-034709-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A joint experimental and theoretical work to explain the electronic and geometrical structure of an in situ prepared film of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) on silicon (100) is presented. FePc molecular films have been characterized by core and valence photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and the results have been interpreted and simulated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. C1s and N1s PE spectra have been analyzed by taking into account all chemically nonequivalent C and N atoms in the molecule. In the Fe2p(3/2) spectra it has been possible to resolve two components that can be related to the open shell structure of the molecule. By valence PES and N1s XAS data, the geometrical orientation of the FePc molecules in the film could be determined. Our results indicate that for the FePc on Si(100), the molecules within the film are mainly standing on the surface. The experimental N1s XAS spectra are very well reproduced by the theoretical calculations, which are both angle and atomic resolved, giving a detailed description of the electronic and geometric structure of the FePc film. Furthermore, the asymmetry and the intensity angle variation of the first N1s XAS threshold feature could be explained by the presented DFT calculations as due to the chemical nonequivalence of the N atoms and the symmetry character of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.
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| 40. |
- Östman, Pär-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Provisional implants : a clinical prospective study in 45 patients, from implant placement to delivery of the final bridge
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 6:3, s. 142-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Protocols for submerged healing of dental implants often require the patient to have no teeth until suture removal and to wear a removable prosthesis during the remaining healing period. This may be inconvenient for the patient, and healing may be influenced negatively by the removable prosthesis. PURPOSE: The aim of the present prospective clinical study was to evaluate the use of provi-sional implants (PIs) to provide patients with a provisional fixed bridge during the healing of permanent implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty female and 25 male patients were consecutively included in the study. The 45 patients were treated for either partial (16 patients) or total (29 patients) edentulism in the maxilla. The per-manent implants were placed first; as many PIs as possible were then installed between the permanent implants. After suturing, impressions from which to manufacture provisional bridges (to be cemented to the PIs) were taken. The patients were monitored with clinical and radio-graphic follow-up from implant placement to delivery of the final prosthesis. RESULTS: Five (2.2%) of the 230 permanent Branemark System implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) did not in-tegrate. None of the failures could be related to the presence of PIs be-tween the permanent implants. Seven PIs failed during the observation period. In addition, 17 (9%) of the 192 PIs showed mobility at the second-stage surgery although they had supported the provisional bridges without clinical symptoms. Forty-four of 45 patients showed stabile PI bridges at the time of second-stage surgery. CONCLUSION: Based on our experiences we concluded that provisional implants can be successfully used to provide patients with a fixed provisional bridge during the healing of permanent implants.
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