| 1. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Borg, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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The Added Value of a Behavioral Medicine Intervention in Physiotherapy on Adherence and Physical Fitness in Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (ECRA): A Randomised, Controlled Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Patient Preference and Adherence. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1177-889X. ; 14, s. 2517-2529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Despite beneficial effects, adherence to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR) is low in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to investigate adherence to and the effects of a behavioral medicine intervention in physiotherapy (BMW) added to routine exCR care on the primary outcome of physical fitness compared with routine exCR care. Patients and Methods: In a randomized, controlled trial, 170 patients with CAD (136 men), mean age 62.3 (7.9) years, were included at a Swedish university hospital. Patients were randomized 1:1 to routine exCR care (RC) or to a BMIP added to routine exCR care for four months, with a long-term follow-up at 12 months. The outcome assessment included submaximal aerobic exercise capacity, muscle endurance and self-reported physical activity and physical capacity. Results: The four-month follow-up showed improvements in all outcomes for both groups, but changes did not differ significantly between the groups. Patients in the BMIP group were more adherent to exCR recommendations compared with the RC group (31% vs 19%) and a non-significant tendency towards the maintenance of submaximal aerobic exercise capacity over time was seen in the BMIP group, whereas patients in the RC group appeared to deteriorate. Conclusion: Both groups improved significantly at the four-month follow-up, while the 12-month follow-up showed a non-significant tendency towards better long-term effects on submaximal aerobic exercise capacity and exercise adherence for a BMIP compared with RC. In spite of this, a better understanding of the role of a BMIP in enhancing adherence is needed.
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| 4. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 5. |
- Janunger, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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A novel stroke locus identified in a northern Sweden pedigree : linkage to chromosome 9q31-33.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 73:21, s. 1767-1773
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The population of northern Sweden is characterized by reduced genetic diversity and a high incidence of stroke. We sought to reduce genetic variation further, using genealogic analysis in a set of nuclear families affected by stroke, and we subsequently performed a genome-wide scan to identify novel stroke susceptibility loci. METHODS: Through genealogy, 7 nuclear families with a common ancestor, connected over 8 generations, were identified. A genome-wide scan using 449 microsatellite markers was performed with subsequent haplotype analyses. RESULTS: A maximum allele-sharing lod score of 4.81 on chromosome 9q31-q33 was detected. Haplotype analysis identified a common 2.2-megabase interval in the chromosomal region in 4 of the nuclear families, where an overrepresentation of intracerebral hemorrhage was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a novel susceptibility locus for stroke. Haplotype analysis suggests that a shared genetic factor is of particular importance for intracerebral hemorrhage.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Karl-Axel, et al.
(författare)
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The quality assurance process for the ARTSCAN head and neck study - a practical interactive approach for QA in 3DCRT and IMRT.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 87:2, s. 290-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This paper describes the quality assurance (QA) work performed in the Swedish multicenter ARTSCAN (Accelerated RadioTherapy of Squamous cell CArcinomas in the head and Neck) trial to guarantee high quality in a multicenter study which involved modern radiotherapy such as 3DCRT or IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was closed in June 2006 with 750 randomised patients. Radiation therapy-related data for every patient were sent by each participating centre to the QA office where all trial data were reviewed, analysed and stored. In case of any deviation from the protocol, an interactive process was started between the QA office and the local responsible clinician and/or physicist to increase the compliance to the protocol for future randomised patients. Meetings and workshops were held on a regular basis for discussions on various trial-related issues and for the QA office to report on updated results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review covers the 734 patients out of a total of 750 who had entered the study. Deviations early in the study were corrected so that the overall compliance to the protocol was very high. There were only negligible variations in doses and dose distributions to target volumes for each specific site and stage. The quality of the treatments was high. Furthermore, an extensive database of treatment parameters was accumulated for future dose-volume vs. endpoint evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive QA programme increased the probability to draw firm conclusions from our study and may serve as a concept for QA work in future radiotherapy trials where comparatively small effects are searched for in a heterogeneous tumour population.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Around-the-clock, rapid diagnosis of influenza by means of membrane chromatography antigen testing confirmed by polymerase chain reaction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Infection control and hospital epidemiology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0899-823X .- 1559-6834. ; 29:2, s. 177-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One rapid membrane chromatography test and 2 immunofluorescence tests were compared with polymerase chain reaction as tools for the diagnosis of influenza in 277 patients treated in an emergency department. The sensitivity on days 1-3 of symptoms was 71% for the rapid membrane chromatography test, 70% for the first immunofluorescence test, and 79% for the second immunofluorescence test. Rapid tests are useful for round-the-clock identification of influenza, with follow-up polymerase chain reaction used for confirmation.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Annika E, et al.
(författare)
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Food security in the Arctic : Preliminary reflections from a resilience perspective
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arctic Resilience: Interim Report 2013. - Stockholm : Arctic Council. - 9789186125431 - 9789186125424 ; , s. 113-117
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chapter 10 discusses food security, which is emerging as a major cross-cutting issue in a changingArctic. The preliminary reflections presented in the chapter highlight that food security bringstogether concerns over a range of interacting environmental, social, economic, political andcultural changes. These include: food and water-borne diseases; increasing incidence of lifestylediseases; high costs of healthy foods; contamination; changing ecosystems that impede access tofood; high fuel costs; and loss of traditional knowledge. The chapter concludes that food security isintimately interlinked with social relations and cultural well-being.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism of the antigen formation of carvone and related alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones
- 2001
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 44:6, s. 347-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, the mechanism for the antigen formation of alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones was investigated. A series of analogues of carvone ((5R)-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone) with altered chemical reactivity and with retained overall structure or with retained reactivity and altered three-dimensional structure were synthesized. These analogues were tested for cross-reactivity in carvone-sensitized animals. Cross-reactivity was observed for analogue 3 ((5R)-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one). No cross-reactions were observed for analogues 1 ((2R,5R)-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl cyclohexanone) and 4 ((5R)-2,3-dimethyl-5-isopropenyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one). Both those compounds also failed to induce sensitization. These findings demonstrate that alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones form antigens after a nucleophilic attack at the beta-carbon with soft nucleophiles such as thiol in cysteine and not with the formation of a Schiff's base after a nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon with nitrogen nucleophiles. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity was observed between R- and S-carvone indicating the importance of the 3-dimensional structure of haptens (and antigens) in T-cell recognition. The analogues were also tested for cross-reactivity on patients allergic to carvone. The results from the animal study were confirmed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Nilsson-Ardnor, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Linkage of ischemic stroke to the PDE4D region on 5q in a Swedish population.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 36:8, s. 1666-1671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent Icelandic studies have demonstrated linkage for common forms of stroke to chromosome 5q12 and association between phosphodiesterase4D (PDE4D) and ischemic stroke. Using a candidate region approach, we wanted to test the validity of these findings in a different population from northern Sweden. METHODS: A total of 56 families with 117 affected individuals were included in the linkage study. Genotyping was performed with polymorphic microsatellite markers with an average distance of 4.5 cM on chromosome 5. In the association study, 275 cases of first-ever stroke were included together with 550 matched community controls. Polymorphisms were tested individually for association of PDE4D to stroke. RESULTS: Maximum allele-sharing lod score in favor of linkage was observed at marker locus D5S424 (lod score=2.06; P=0.0010). Conditional logistic regression calculations revealed no significant association of ischemic stroke to the defined at-risk allele in PDE4D (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.45). A protective effect may though be implied for 2 of the polymorphisms analyzed in PDE4D. CONCLUSIONS: Using a candidate region approach in a set of stroke families from northern Sweden, we have replicated linkage of stroke susceptibility to the PDE4D gene region on chromosome 5q. Association studies in an independent nested case-control sample from the same geographically located population suggested that different alleles confer susceptibility/protection to stroke in the Icelandic and the northern Swedish populations.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Nilsson, Stefan, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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School-aged children's experiences of postoperative music medicine on pain, distress, and anxiety.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Paediatric anaesthesia. - : Wiley. - 1460-9592 .- 1155-5645. ; 19:12, s. 1184-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To test whether postoperative music listening reduces morphine consumption and influence pain, distress, and anxiety after day surgery and to describe the experience of postoperative music listening in school-aged children who had undergone day surgery. BACKGROUND: Music medicine has been proposed to reduce distress, anxiety, and pain. There has been no other study that evaluates effects of music medicine (MusiCure) in children after minor surgery. METHODS: Numbers of participants who required analgesics, individual doses, objective pain scores (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability [FLACC]), vital signs, and administration of anti-emetics were documented during postoperative recovery stay. Self-reported pain (Coloured Analogue Scale [CAS]), distress (Facial Affective Scale [FAS]), and anxiety (short State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]) were recorded before and after surgery. In conjunction with the completed intervention semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted. RESULTS: Data were recorded from 80 children aged 7-16. Forty participants were randomized to music medicine and another 40 participants to a control group. We found evidence that children in the music group received less morphine in the postoperative care unit, 1/40 compared to 9/40 in the control group. Children's individual FAS scores were reduced but no other significant differences between the two groups concerning FAS, CAS, FLACC, short STAI, and vital signs were shown. Children experienced the music as 'calming and relaxing.' CONCLUSIONS: Music medicine reduced the requirement of morphine and decreased the distress after minor surgery but did not else influence the postoperative care.
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| 16. |
- Nilsson, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive regulation of lipoprotein lipase and salt-resistant lipase activities in essential fatty acid deficiency. An experimental study in the rat.
- 1990
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Ingår i: Metabolism. ; 39:12, s. 1305-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities of postheparin plasma, heart, lungs, and adipose tissue, and salt-resistant lipase (hepatic lipase, SRL) activities of postheparin plasma, liver, and adrenals were examined in essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats and in age-matched controls. The LPL activity of heart was higher in the deficient than in the control rats, but did not differ in the other tissues. The SRL activity of postheparin plasma was twofold higher, and that of liver and adrenals approximately 50% higher in the group with EFA deficiency. It is suggested that SRL exhibits an adaptive up-regulation in EFA deficiency. This up-regulation may be linked to a role for the enzyme in the transport of polyenoic fatty acids.
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| 17. |
- Nordberg, Gunnar F, et al.
(författare)
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Lung function in volunteers before and after exposure to trichloramine in indoor pool environments and asthma in a cohort of pool workers
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2044-6055. ; 2:5, s. e000973-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Exposure to trichloramine (NCl(3)) in indoor swimming-pool environments is known to cause mucous membrane irritation, but if it gives rise to changes in lung function or asthma in adults is not known. (1) We determined lung function in volunteers before and after exposure to indoor pool environments. (2) We studied the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and asthma in a cohort of pool workers.DESIGN/METHODS/PARTICIPANTS: (1) We studied two groups of volunteers, 37 previously non-exposed healthy persons and 14 pool workers, who performed exercise for 2 h in an indoor pool environment. NCl(3) in air was measured during pool exposures and in 10 other pool environments. Filtered air exposures were used as controls. Lung function and biomarkers of pulmonary epithelial integrity were measured before and after exposure. (2) We mailed a questionnaire to 1741 persons who indicated in the Swedish census 1990 that they worked at indoor swimming-pools.RESULTS: (1) In previously non-exposed volunteers, statistically significant decreases in FEV(1) (forced expiratory volume) and FEV(%) (p=0.01 and 0.05, respectively) were found after exposure to pool air (0.23 mg/m(3) of NCl(3)). In pool workers, a statistically significant decrease in FEV(%) (p=0.003) was seen (but no significant change of FEV(1))(.) In the 10 other pool environments the median NCl(3) concentration was 0.18 mg/m(3). (2) Our nested case/control study in pool workers found an OR for asthma of 2.31 (95% CI 0.79 to 6.74) among those with the highest exposure. Exposure-related acute mucous membrane and respiratory symptoms were also found.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in adults showing statistically significant decreases in lung function after exposure to NCl(3). An increased OR for asthma among highly exposed pool workers did not reach statistical significance, but the combined evidence supports the notion that current workroom exposures may contribute to asthma development. Further research on sensitive groups is warranted.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Storry, Jill, et al.
(författare)
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Homozygosity for a null allele of SMIM1 defines the Vel-negative blood group phenotype
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 537-U109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Vel antigen is present on red blood cells (RBCs) from all humans except rare Vel-negative individuals who can form antibodies to Vel in response to transfusion or pregnancy. These antibodies may cause severe hemolytic reactions in blood recipients. We combined SNP profiling and transcriptional network modeling to link the Vel-negative phenotype to SMIM1, located in a 97-kb haplotype block on chromosome 1p36. This gene encodes a previously undiscovered, evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein expressed on RBCs. Notably, 35 of 35 Vel-negative individuals were homozygous for a frameshift deletion of 17 bp in exon 3. Functional studies using antibodies raised against SMIM1 peptides confirmed a null phenotype in RBC membranes, and SMIM1 overexpression induced Vel expression. Genotype screening estimated that similar to 1 of 17 Swedish blood donors is a heterozygous deletion carrier and similar to 1 of 1,200 is a homozygous deletion knockout and enabled identification of Vel-negative donors. Our results establish SMIM1 as a new erythroid gene and Vel as a new blood group system.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Wiklund, Per-Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism and risk of stroke : replicated findings in two nested case-control studies based on independent cohorts.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 36:8, s. 1661-1665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Impaired fibrinolytic function secondary to elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels has been implicated in ischemic stroke. PAI-1 levels are determined by genetic factors and environmental factors, triglyceride levels in particular. The aim of this study was to investigate the common functional 4/5 guanosine (4G/5G) polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene and the risk of stroke. METHODS: A nested case-control study design was applied, using baseline data for 2 independent cohorts obtained at population-based surveys in northern Sweden. In study A, there were 113, and in study B, there were 275 individuals without major concomitant disease at baseline who later experienced a first-ever stroke. Blood samples obtained at baseline were analyzed for potential risk factors, including the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene. RESULTS: The 4G allele of the PAI-1 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of future ischemic stroke in both studies (odds ratio [OR] of 4G homozygosity, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12 to 3.15 in study A; OR of 4G homozygosity, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.16 in study B). Individuals with the combination of hypertriglyceridemia and 4G homozygosity were at the greatest risk of developing stroke. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified 4G homozygosity, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes as independent predictors of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Identical findings in 2 independent studies strongly suggest a true and clinically important association between PAI-1 4G/5G genotype and risk of future ischemic stroke. The observed modification of the genotype effect by triglycerides may be interpreted as a gene-environment interaction.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Alsterlund, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Yersinia enterocolitica-utbrott på Bjärehalvön visar på risker med kylda matvaror
- 1995
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 92:12, s. 1213-1214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- På sensommaren 1988 hade man i Skåne ett stort lokalt utbrott med 61 fall av infektioner med Yersinia enterocolitica. DEn kliniska bilden var avsevärt mildare än som brukar rapporteras, med diarré, magsmärtor och feber som dominerande symtom, och endast två fall av svårare komplikationer. Den sannolika smittkällan var mjölk från ett litet mejeri där hygienen inte var den bästa, Utbrottet visar på en av många risker med distribution av industriellt framställda kylda livsmedel.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Competencies in Swedish emergency departments - The practitioners' and managers' perspective.
- 2014
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Ingår i: International emergency nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-013X .- 1755-599X. ; 22:2, s. 81-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The task of emergency departments (EDs) is to provide safe emergency healthcare while adopting a caring, cost-effective approach. Patients attending EDs have different medical and caring needs and it is assumed that practitioners have the requisite competencies to meet those needs. The aim of the present study is to explore what kind of competencies practitioners and managers describe as necessary for the practitioners to perform their everyday work in EDs.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Henrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Everyday Work in Emergency Departments – an Exploratory Study with Swedish Managers
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 22:4, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Through their formal mandate, position and authority, managers are responsible for managing everyday work in Emergency Departments (EDs) as well as striving for excellence and dealing with the individual needs of practitioners and patients. The aim of the present study is to explore managers’ experiences of managing everyday work in Swedish EDs. Method: A qualitative and exploratory design has been used in this study. Seven managers were interviewed at two EDs. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis with focus on latent content. Results: Managers experience everyday work in the ED as lifesaving work. One of the characteristics of their approach to everyday work is their capability for rapidly identifying patients with life-threatening conditions and for treating them accordingly. The practitioners are on stand-by in order to deal with unexpected situations. This implies having to spend time waiting for the physicians’ decisions. Management is characterised by a command and control approach. The managers experience difficulties in meeting the expectations of their staff. They strive to be proactive but instead they become reactive since the prevailing medical, bureaucratic and production-orientated systems constrain them. Conclusion: The managers demonstrate full compliance with the organisational systems. This threatens to reduce their freedom of action and influences the way they perform their managerial duties within and outside the EDs.
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| 31. |
- Andrén, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Öppna prioriteringar inom nya områden : logopedi, nutritionsbedömning, habilitering och arbetsterapi
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns fortfarande ett behov av att öka kunskapen om och stödja den praktiska tillämpningen av riksdagens riktlinjer för öppna prioriteringar inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård. Flera förslag på hur ett sådant stöd kan se ut har tagits fram de senaste åren. Spridning av goda exempel är ett sådant förslag, metodstöd ett annat (PrioriteringsCentrum 2007). En mer påtaglig form av metodstöd är den nationella modell som vuxit fram för att konkretisera innebörden i riktlinjerna (Carlsson m fl 2007). Den får idag anses som välbeprövad inom ett flertal områden och har bidragit till att samsynen och kommunicerbarheten kring prioriteringar har ökat i landet. Erfarenheter visar dock att det behövs pedagogisk vägledning i hur modellen kan tillämpas. För att möta upp efterfrågan på sådant metodstöd erbjuder Prioriteringscentrum handledning i grupp. Den första handledningsgruppen är nu avslutad och det är deltagarnas prioriteringsarbeten som presenteras i denna rapport i syfte att sprida konkreta exempel på försök att tillämpa prioriteringsriktlinjerna.I rapporten presenteras fyra prioriteringsarbeten med fokus på: Regionsamverkan inom arbetsterapi Logopedi Yrkesspecifika prioriteringar på väg till teamet Från projekt till integrerat redskapExemplet med prioriteringar i regionsamverkan utgörs av det prioriteringsarbete som genomförts i det s k femklövernätverket bestående av en samverkansgrupp för arbetsterapeuter i ledningsposition på sjukhusen i Uppland, Västmanland, Södermanland, Gävleborg och Dalarna. Arbetet var ett försök att skapa gemensamma prioriteringar i regionen för ett sjukdomsområde som kändes relevant. Valet kom att falla på arbetsterapi inom reumatologi. Arbetet har sedan huvudsakligen bedrivits i en projektgrupp, bestående av en representant från varje sjukhus där arbetet växlat mellan arbete på hemmaplan och avstämningsträffar i projektgruppen.Försöket har visat att det finns en samsyn inom regionen kring prioriteringar inom arbetsterapi och reumatologi. Säkerheten i prioriteringarna har ökat i och med att fem arbetsterapiorganisationer tillsammans bidragit med ett stort underlagsmaterial bl a genom att delge varandra sina kliniska erfarenheter. Förutsättningarna för en mer likartad vård i regionen har ökat. Arbetet har också gett upphov till frågor om i vilka situationer det är att föredra att prioriteringsarbete bedrivs lokalt, regionvis och/eller nationellt.
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| 32. |
- Anesten, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Blood-brain barrier integrity, intrathecal immunoactivation, and neuronal injury in HIV.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neurology, Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation. - 2332-7812. ; 3:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment has been reported in HIV-infected individuals, characterization of this impairment has not been clearly defined.BBB integrity was measured by CSF/plasma albumin ratio in this cross-sectional study of 631 HIV-infected individuals and 71 controls. We also analyzed CSF and blood HIV RNA and neopterin, CSF leukocyte count, and neurofilament light chain protein (NFL) concentrations. The HIV-infected participants included untreated neuroasymptomatic patients, patients with untreated HIV-associated dementia (HAD), and participants on suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART).The albumin ratio was significantly increased in patients with HAD compared to all other groups. There were no significant differences between untreated neuroasymptomatic participants, treated participants, and controls. BBB integrity, however, correlated significantly with CSF leukocyte count, CSF HIV RNA, serum and CSF neopterin, and age in untreated neuroasymptomatic participants. In a multiple linear regression analysis, age, CSF neopterin, and CSF leukocyte count stood out as independent predictors of albumin ratio. A significant correlation was found between albumin ratio and CSF NFL in untreated neuroasymptomatic patients and in participants on ART. Albumin ratio, age, and CD4 cell count were confirmed as independent predictors of CSF NFL in multivariable analysis.BBB disruption was mainly found in patients with HAD, where BBB damage correlated with CNS immunoactivation. Albumin ratios also correlated with CSF inflammatory markers and NFL in untreated neuroasymptomatic participants. These findings give support to the association among BBB deterioration, intrathecal immunoactivation, and neuronal injury in untreated neuroasymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Anesten, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of antiretroviral treatment on blood-brain barrier integrity in HIV-1 infection.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury is prevalent in patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) and is a frequent feature of HIV encephalitis. Signs of BBB damage are also sometimes found in neuroasymptomatic HIV-infected individuals without antiretroviral therapy (ART). The aim of this study was to investigate the integrity of the BBB before and after initiation of ART in both neuroasymptomatic HIV infection and in patients with HAD.We determined BBB integrity by measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin ratios in archived CSF samples prior to and after initiation of ART in longitudinally-followed neuroasymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals and patients with HAD. We also analyzed HIV RNA in blood and CSF, IgG Index, CSF WBC counts, and CSF concentrations of β2-micoglobulin, neopterin, and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL).We included 159 HIV-infected participants; 82 neuroasymptomatic individuals and 77 with HAD. All neuroasymptomatic individuals (82/82), and 10/77 individuals with HAD, were longitudinally followed with a median (interquartile range, IQR) follow-up of 758 (230-1752) days for the neuroasymptomatic individuals, and a median (IQR) follow-up of 241 (50-994) days for the individuals with HAD. Twelve percent (10/82) of the neuroasymptomatic individuals and 80% (8/10) of the longitudinally-followed individuals with HAD had elevated albumin ratios at baseline. At the last follow-up, 9% (7/82) of the neuroasymptomatic individuals and 20% (2/10) of the individuals with HAD had elevated albumin ratios. ART significantly decreased albumin ratios in both neuroasymptomatic individuals and in patients with HAD.These findings indicate that ART improves and possibly normalizes BBB integrity in both neuroasymptomatic HIV-infected individuals and in patients with HAD.
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| 35. |
- Aronsson, Inga-Lill, et al.
(författare)
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Att beköna ett fängelse : Samtal om ett museum
- 2005
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Ingår i: Det bekönade museet. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 9163155478 ; , s. 223-243
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln diskuterar glädjeämnen och svårigheter med att skapa ett museum i Sverige på 2000-talet. Fokus är på utställningar med genusperspektiv, men texten behandlar även andra aspekter av museiverksamhet.
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| 36. |
- Axelsson, Östen, et al.
(författare)
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A principal components model of soundscape perception
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 128:5, s. 2836-2846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for a model that identifies underlying dimensions of soundscape perception, and which may guide measurement and improvement of soundscape quality. With the purpose to develop such a model, a listening experiment was conducted. One hundred listeners measured 50 excerpts of binaural recordings of urban outdoor soundscapes on 116 attribute scales. The average attribute scale values were subjected to principal components analysis, resulting in three components: Pleasantness, eventfulness, and familiarity, explaining 50, 18 and 6% of the total variance, respectively. The principal-component scores were correlated with physical soundscape properties, including categories of dominant sounds and acoustic variables. Soundscape excerpts dominated by technological sounds were found to be unpleasant, whereas soundscape excerpts dominated by natural sounds were pleasant, and soundscape excerpts dominated by human sounds were eventful. These relationships remained after controlling for the overall soundscape loudness (Zwicker’s N10), which shows that ‘informational’ properties are substantial contributors to the perception of soundscape. The proposed principal components model provides a framework for future soundscape research and practice. In particular, it suggests which basic dimensions are necessary to measure, how to measure them by a defined set of attribute scales, and how to promote high-quality soundscapes.
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| 37. |
- Axelsson, Östen, et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish instrument for measuring soundscape quality
- 2009
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2009. - Edinburgh : Institute of Acoustics.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2008 the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) decided to put together a new expert working group ISO/TC 43/SC 1/WG 54 named “Perceptual assessment of soundscape quality”. The purpose of this expert group is to propose the first ever, international standard on how to measure the perceived quality of soundscapes, by means of questionnaire techniques. This work is chiefly motivated by a need to harmonise methods in soundscape research internationally in order to improve the comparability of research results across countries and over time. Within the Swedish research program Soundscape Support to Health, the present authors developed such a technique based on field work and laboratory studies. In the present paper we present research in which we validated our initial findings and finalised our questionnaire protocol. We propose that the measurement of perceived soundscape quality must include: (1) identification of perceived sounds sources, such as, technological sounds, human sounds, and natural sounds, (2) classification of soundscape quality on a good–bad scale, and (3) qualitative measurement of a set of eight perceived-soundscape attributes defined in a two-dimensional Pleasantness–Eventfulness measurement model.
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| 38. |
- Axelsson, Östen, 1971-
(författare)
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Aesthetic Appreciation Explicated
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present doctoral thesis outlines a new model in psychological aesthetics, named the Information-Load Model. This model asserts that aesthetic appreciation is grounded in the relationship between the amount of information of stimuli and people’s capacity to process this information. This relationship results in information load, which in turn creates emotional responses to stimuli. Aesthetic appreciation corresponds to an optimal degree of information load. Initially, the optimal degree is relatively low. As an individual learns to master information in a domain (e.g., photography), the degree of information load, which corresponds to aesthetic appreciation, increases. The present doctoral thesis is based on three empirical papers that explored what factors determine aesthetic appreciation of photographs and soundscapes. Experiment 1 of Paper I involved 34 psychology undergraduates and 564 photographs of various motifs. It resulted in a set of 189 adjectives related to the degree of aesthetic appreciation of photographs. The subsequent experiments employed attribute scales that were derived from this set of adjectives. In Experiment 2 of Paper I, 100 university students scaled 50 photographs on 141 attribute scales. Similarly, in Paper II, 100 university students scaled 50 soundscapes on 116 attribute scales. In Paper III, 10 psychology undergraduates and 5 photo professionals scaled 32 photographs on 27 attribute scales. To explore the underlying structure of the data sets, they were subjected to Multidimensional Scaling and Principal Components Analyses. Four general components, related to aesthetic appreciation, were found: Familiarity, Hedonic Tone, Expressiveness, and Uncertainty. These components result from the higher-order latent factor Information Load that underlies aesthetic appreciation.
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| 39. |
- Axelsson, Östen, et al.
(författare)
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Soundscape assessment.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966. ; 117:4, s. 2591-2592
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to improve the quality of the soundscape it is necessary to know its descriptive and evaluative properties, and the relationships between these properties. This was explored in a listening experiment with 100 participants (48 women, 52 men; mean age 25,6 years). Each participant scaled 5 out of 50 soundscapes with regard to 116 single verbal attributes, using a visual analogue scale of agreeableness. In addition, acoustical properties of the soundscapes were assessed. A principal component analysis identified two major evaluative components, labeled Hedonic Tone and Eventfulness. Furthermore it was found that the mere presence of common sound sources, regardless of sound level, correlated significantly with these evaluative components. Technological sounds (e.g., traffic noise) were negatively associated with both Hedonic Tone and Eventfulness, while a positive association was found between Hedonic Tone and sounds of nature (e.g., bird song), and a positive association was found between Eventfulness and human sounds (e.g., human voices). These relationships lead to the hypothesis that introduction of nature and human sounds, in combination with the reduction of technological sounds may improve the quality of soundscapes considerably.
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| 40. |
- Axelsson, Östen, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Swedish soundscape-quality protocol
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - New York : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966. ; 131:4, s. 3474-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish Soundscape-Quality Protocol was developed to help non-experts (e.g., officials working for municipalities rather than soundscaperesearchers) to make informed, accurate measurements of soundscape quality. The Protocol has hitherto been used in England, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and The Netherlands; a Korean version is being developed. Based on field studies – soundwalks in urban residential areas, recreational areas, and parks – the present paper reports on the psychometric properties of the scales of the Protocol. Participants were residents, or visitors to the areas and their results support the reliability and validity of the scales in the Protocol. Because high acoustic quality has a greater effect in visually attractive than in visually poor areas, the Swedish Soundscape-Quality Protocol includes scales for cross-sensory tabulation. These are sound source identification – sounds from humans, nature and technology – attribute scales (e.g., eventful, exciting, pleasant, and calm), overall soundscape quality, and concomitant visual impressions. In brief, the Swedish Soundscape-Quality Protocol is an easy to use and practical tool for measuringsoundscape quality. It has the potential to help operationalize how soundscapes can be measured in “quiet areas” to meet a future guideline value of the World Health Organization.
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| 41. |
- Bauer, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Zn2+ binding to human calbindin D(28k) and the role of histidine residues.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Protein Science. - : Wiley. - 1469-896X .- 0961-8368. ; 17:4, s. 760-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the binding of Zn2+ to the hexa EF-hand protein, calbindin D(28k)-a strong Ca2+-binder involved in apoptosis regulation-which is highly expressed in brain tissue. By use of radioblots, isothermal titration calorimetry, and competition with a fluorescent Zn2+ chelator, we find that calbindin D(28k) binds Zn2+ to three rather strong sites with dissociation constants in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, we conclude based on spectroscopic investigations that the Zn2+-bound state is structurally distinct from the Ca2+-bound state and that the two forms are incompatible, yielding negative allosteric interaction between the zinc- and calcium-binding events. ANS titrations reveal a change in hydrophobicity upon binding Zn2+. The binding of Zn2+ is compatible with the ability of calbindin to activate myo-inositol monophosphatase, one of the known targets of calbindin. Through site-directed mutagenesis, we address the role of cysteine and histidine residues in the binding of Zn2+. Mutation of all five cysteines into serines has no effect on Zn2+-binding affinity or stoichiometry. However, mutating histidine 80 into a glutamine reduces the binding affinity of the strongest Zn2+ site, indicating that this residue is involved in coordinating the Zn2+ ion in this site. Mutating histidines 5, 22, or 114 has significantly smaller effects on Zn2+-binding affinity.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Bergendal, Birgitta, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Implant failure in young children with ectodermal dysplasia : a retrospective evaluation of use and outcome of dental implant treatment in children in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. - Lombard, Illinois, USA : Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc. - 0882-2786 .- 1942-4434. ; 23:3, s. 520-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study surveyed dental implant treatment in children up to age 16 years in Sweden between 1985 and 2005, with special reference to young children with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and anodontia in the lower jaw. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was sent to Swedish specialist clinics in oral and maxillofacial surgery and prosthetic dentistry. Also, the teams who had treated children with ED were asked to submit their records for these children for a discussion on reasons for implant failure. Results: Six out of 30 specialist centers (20%) in Sweden had treated 26 children with dental implants between 1985 and 2005. Twenty-one patients had received 33 implants to replace teeth missing from nonsyndromic agenesis or trauma at ages 14 or 15 years; 2 (6.1%) of these implants were lost. Five children with ED received 14 implants at 5 to 12 years of age; 9 (64.3%) of these implants were lost before loading. Conclusions: Dental implant placement has been a rarely used treatment modality in Swedish children less than 16 years old in the last 20 years. The failure rate in children treated because of tooth agenesis was only slightly higher than that reported for adult individuals, whereas in young children with ED and anodontia in the mandible, implants seemed to present special challenges, and the failure rate was very high. The small jaw size and peroperative conditions, rather than ED per se, were thought to be the main risk factors. Centralizing implant operations in young children with ED and monitoring outcomes in implant registers are strongly advocated. Int J Oral Maxillofacial Implants 2008;23:520–524
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| 46. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Affärer mellan kunder och bank- och finansföretag
- 2006. - 1
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Ingår i: Utveckling av kundrelationer i bank- och finansmarknader. - : Studentlitteratur. ; , s. 13-16
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Bergh, Jonas C., et al.
(författare)
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The first clinical pilot study of roquinimex (Linomide) in cancer patients with special focus on immunological effects
- 1997
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Ingår i: Cancer Investigation. - 0735-7907 .- 1532-4192. ; 15:3, s. 204-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roquinimex (Linomide) has been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth in animal models. The effect is at least in part related to enhanced numbers and activity of natural killer (NK) cells. In this clinical pilot study, roquinimex was given at increasing doses (0.05 mg/kg to 0.6 mg/kg) to 13 patients (performance status 0-3) with various malignant disorders. Immunology parameters were followed and side effects were observed during the study. The plasma pharmacokinetics of roquinimex was studied at the 0.2 mg/kg dose level. The clinical side effects were dominated by musculoskeletal discomfort, nausea, and pain. No significant hematological or biochemical toxicity was observed. Pharmacokinetic analysis at the 0.2 mg/kg dose level revealed a Cmax of 4.0 mumol/L at tmax of 1.2 hr and an elimination half-life of 42 hr. Increased numbers of phenotypic NK cells, activated T (DR+CD4+) cells, and monocytes were observed after administration of roquinimex compared with pretreatment values. Roquinimex seems to be an active immunomodulator with manageable toxicity. Further exploration of therapeutic efficacy is warranted.
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| 48. |
- Berglin, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of radiological progression and changes in hand bone density in early rheumatoid arthritis
- 2003
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332 .- 1460-2172. ; 42:2, s. 268-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors for radiological and functional outcome and bone loss in the hands in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the first 2 yr of disease and to study the relationship between these variables.METHODS: An inception cohort of consecutively recruited patients was examined at baseline and after 12 and 24 months using X-rays of hands and feet, clinical [28-joint count, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), global visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength] and laboratory (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, markers of bone formation and resorption) measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the hands.RESULTS: Joint destruction increased significantly during the study, with the Larsen score at baseline as the strongest predictor. Radiological progression and bone loss over 24 months were significantly retarded in patients responding to therapy. The effects of the shared epitope and initial high inflammatory activity on radiological progression were overridden by the therapeutic response. Radiological progression correlated significantly with bone loss. Global VAS, Larsen score and HAQ at inclusion significantly predicted change in HAQ over time.CONCLUSIONS: Radiological progression and bone loss were retarded by early therapeutic response. Bone loss was related to radiological progression.
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| 49. |
- Berglund, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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A dualistic psychoacoustic research strategy for measuring soundscape quality : Paper 034.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Inter-Noise 2006–Engineering a Quieter World..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to be able to design future soundscapes, tools are needed by which soundscape quality can be measured. For this purpose a “dualistic psychoacoustic research strategy” has been developed. The main goal of this strategy is to identify new ways to characterize soundscapes acoustically. The core question is how soundscapes should be measured on the one hand acoustically, on the other perceptually, such that the acoustic soundscapes that are similar (or dissimilar) would be identical to the perceived soundscapes that are similar (or dissimilar). A top down approach is favored in which tools for measuring perceived soundscape quality are first developed, and followed by developing models of measurement for acoustic soundscapes. Our multidimensional tool for measuring perceived soundscapes includes (perceived) similarity analysis for finding basic underlying dimensions and corresponding similarity analysis of acoustic (waterfall) soundscape quality. This means that this tool measures soundscape quality beyond loudness of unwanted sounds or mere sound level of predominant noise. Research on neural network models is in progress for finding appropriate acoustic measures of soundscapes.
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| 50. |
- Berglund, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Are similar acoustic soundscapes perceived as similar? : Paper SS29-355.
- 2006
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Ingår i: EuroNoise 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Health guidelines are concerned with soundscapes as coherent wholes (emissions from all sounds) and everyday life also takes place in soundscapes. Current noise control focuses on sound level change for singular sources, isolated from invariant background and other component sounds. By applying a dualistic similarity approach to data sets of perceptual soundscapes and acoustic soundscapes, it was possible to meaningfully differentiate properties of acoustic soundscapes of relevance for improving urban and suburban soundscapes. Apart from the mere presence of common sounds (e.g., birds, sounds of nature or technological sounds), meaningful differentiations of soundscapes include: (1) the relative proportion of direct and shielded sounds in background soundscapes, (2) the modification of loudness/softness and eventfulness/uneventfulness by acoustic quality, and (3) the “sound signatures” traceable to the relative foreground-background character of perceived soundscapes. Acoustically similar soundscapes (evolutionary spectra) were not always perceived similar, because the reasons for the two types of similarities differ. This fact calls for new ways to assess the acoustic soundscapes such that adequate design tools for coherent soundscapes can be developed.
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