| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lagedal, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired Antibody Response Is Associated with Histone-Release, Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: the pathophysiologic mechanisms explaining differences in clinical outcomes following COVID-19 are not completely described. This study aims to investigate antibody responses in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in relation to inflammation, organ failure and 30-day survival. Methods: All patients with PCR-verified COVID-19 and gave consent, and who were admitted to a tertiary Intensive care unit (ICU) in Sweden during March-September 2020 were included. Demography, repeated blood samples and measures of organ function were collected. Analyses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM, IgA and IgG) in plasma were performed and correlated to patient outcome and biomarkers of inflammation and organ failure. Results: A total of 115 patients (median age 62 years, 77% male) were included prospectively. All patients developed severe respiratory dysfunction, and 59% were treated with invasive ventilation. Thirty-day mortality was 22.6% for all included patients. Patients negative for any anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in plasma during ICU admission had higher 30-day mortality compared to patients positive for antibodies. Patients positive for IgM had more ICU-, ventilator-, renal replacement therapy- and vasoactive medication-free days. IgA antibody concentrations correlated negatively with both SAPS3 and maximal SOFA-score and IgM-levels correlated negatively with SAPS3. Patients with antibody levels below the detection limit had higher plasma levels of extracellular histones on day 1 and elevated levels of kidney and cardiac biomarkers, but showed no signs of increased inflammation, complement activation or cytokine release. After adjusting for age, positive IgM and IgG antibodies were still associated with increased 30-day survival, with odds ratio (OR) 7.1 (1.5-34.4) and 4.2 (1.1-15.7), respectively. Conclusion: In patients with severe COVID-19 requiring intensive care, a poor antibody response is associated with organ failure, systemic histone release and increased 30-day mortality.
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| 3. |
- Ademar, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Acamprosate reduces ethanol intake in the rat by a combined action of different drug components
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol misuse accounts for a sizeable proportion of the global burden of disease, and Campral (R) (acamprosate; calcium-bis-(N-acetylhomotaurinate)) is widely used as relapse prevention therapy. The mechanism underlying its effect has in some studies been attributed to the calcium moiety and not to the N-acetylhomotaurine part of the compound. We recently suggested that the dopamine elevating effect of acamprosate is mediated both by N-acetylhomotaurine and calcium in a glycine receptor dependent manner. Here we aimed to explore, by means of in vivo microdialysis, if our previous study using local administration was functionally relevant and if systemic administration of the sodium salt of N-acetylhomotaurine (sodium acamprosate; 200 mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2; 73.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on nucleus accumbens (nAc) dopamine and/or taurine levels in male Wistar rats. In addition, we investigated the impact of regular acamprosate and the combination of CaCl(2 )and N-acetylhomotaurine on the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). Finally, we assessed if N-acetylhomotaurine potentiates the ethanol-intake reducing effect of CaCl(2 )in a two-bottle choice voluntary ethanol consumption model followed by an ADE paradigm. Systemic administration of regular acamprosate, sodium acamprosate and CaCl(2 )all trended to increase nAc dopamine whereas the combination of CaCl(2)and sodium acamprosate produced a significant increase. Sodium acamprosate elevated extracellular taurine levels without additional effects of CaCl2. Ethanol intake was significantly reduced by systemic administration of CaCl(2 )without additional effects of the combination of CaCl(2 )and sodium acamprosate. Both acamprosate and CaCl(2 )combined with sodium acamprosate blocked the ADE following acute treatment. The data presented suggest that CaCl(2 )and N-acetylhomotaurine act in concert on a neurochemical level, but calcium appears to have the predominant effect on ethanol intake.
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| 4. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 5. |
- Ahlin, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Antecedents and neuroimaging patterns in cerebral palsy with epilepsy and cognitive impairment: a population-based study in children born at term
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 96:7, s. 828-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Antecedents of accompanying impairments in cerebral palsy and their relation to neuroimaging patterns need to be explored. Material and methods. A population-based study of 309 children with cerebral palsy born at term between 1983 and 1994. Prepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum variables previously studied as antecedents of cerebral palsy type and motor severity were analyzed in children with cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment and/or epilepsy, and in children with cerebral palsy without these accompanying impairments. Neuroimaging patterns and their relation to identified antecedents were analyzed. Data were retrieved from the cerebral palsy register of western Sweden, and from obstetric and neonatal records. Results. Children with cerebral palsy and accompanying impairments more often had low birthweight (kg) (odds ratio 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-0.8), brain maldevelopment known at birth (p = 0.007, odds ratio infinity) and neonatal infection (odds ratio 5.4, 95% confidence interval 1.04-28.4). Moreover, neuroimaging patterns of maldevelopment (odds ratio 7.2, 95% confidence interval 2.9-17.2), cortical/subcortical lesions (odds ratio 5.3, 95% confidence interval 2.3-12.2) and basal ganglia lesions (odds ratio 7.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4-41.3) were more common, wheras white matter injury was found significantly less often (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.5). In most children with maldevelopment, the intrapartum and postpartum periods were uneventful (p
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| 6. |
- Ahlin, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Antecedents of cerebral palsy according to severity of motor impairment.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 95:7, s. 793-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to determine whether antecedents and neuroimaging patterns vary according to the severity of motor impairment in children with cerebral palsy. Material and methods. A population-based study in which all 309 term-born children with spastic and dyskinetic cerebral palsy born between 1983 and 1994 and 618 matched controls were studied. Antecedents were retrieved from obstetric records. Information on neuroimaging was retrieved from the cerebral palsy Register of Western Sweden. Cases were grouped by severity of motor impairment: mild (walks without aids), moderate (walks with aids) or severe (dependent on wheelchair). Binary logistic regression, the Cochran-Armitage test for trends, interaction analyses and interrelationship analyses were performed. Results. Antecedents associated with mild motor impairment were antepartum (placental weight, maternal weight and antibiotic therapy) or intrapartum and postpartum adverse events (meconium-stained amniotic fluid, low Apgar score, admission to neonatal intensive care unit and neonatal encephalopathy). Antecedents associated with severe motor impairment were antepartum (congenital infection, small head circumference and brain maldevelopment) or intrapartum and postpartum (emergency cesarean section and maternal antibiotic therapy). Comparisons between mild and severe motor impairment revealed congenital infection, maldevelopment, neonatal encephalopathy and meconium aspiration syndrome significantly more often in the group with severe motor impairment (p
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| 7. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Liver transplantation for treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - 0077-8923. ; 1014, s. 265-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver transplantation can be considered a therapeutic option for patients with neuroendocrine tumors only metastatic to the liver. Important selection criteria are well-differentiated tumors and a low proliferation rate (Ki67 <10%). In this series, orthopic liver transplantation offered good relief of symptoms and long disease-free intervals with initial survival of grafts and patients as in benign disease. The experience with multivisceral transplantation is still limited.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Alf, et al.
(författare)
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För Sverige i tiden?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Kulturella perspektiv - Svensk etnologisk tidskrift. - Umeå. - 1102-7908. ; 18:2, s. 2-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Eric, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Från realism till post-sanning och tillbaka igen? : Nyhetsbransch, museer och högre utbildning mot fejkade nyheter och faktaresistens
- 2018
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Ingår i: Kulturella perspektiv - Svensk etnologisk tidskrift. - Umeå. - 1102-7908. ; :1-2, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From realism to post truth? News, museums and higher education against fake news and fact resistanceRecently, the problem with fake news, fact resistance and the growing digital, global circulation of disinformation have caused debates and worries, and posed a challenge for several institutions of knowledge in society. In this article, we discuss how the news industry, museums and higher education confront the challenges of the ‘post truth’ era. We can see a mobilization by these institutions in Sweden: The news industry has initiated so-called fact checking sites, the major museums create exhibitions about false news and educate youth in digital literacy and many universities have launched initiatives to legitimize scientific knowledge production, thereby safeguarding professional authority. However, these initiatives are faced with dilemmas concerning how concepts of knowledge, truth and facts are negotiated and understood. This article discusses such epistemological issues in general, and focuses in particular on the risk of falling into the trap of so called neorigorism.
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Eric, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Restoring trust? Public communication from Swedish universities about the post-truth crisis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Critical Studies in Education. - : Routledge. - 1750-8487 .- 1750-8495. ; 64:5, s. 497-514
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we engage with five Swedish universities’ discursive articulation of, and responses to, an alleged post-truth crisis in communication, aimed at the public. Taking discourse theory as our point of departure, the aim is to analyse how universities are trying to maintain or restore trustworthiness against a backdrop of problems with fact resistance, fake news, and mistrust in academic institutions. The dilemma for universities is how to counteract post-truth without falling into the trap of returning to a realist paradigm, with its strict notions of truth and objectivity. The paper shows how public events are characterised by a crisis rhetoric, a dislocation, together with imaginaries of both external and internal threats of disorder, which convey a narrow and simplified understanding of scientific knowledge as objective and neutral. ‘Defenders of truth’ seem to foreclose any discussion by deeming knowledge relativism an irrational and dangerous position that fuels arguments claiming a truth crisis. A conclusion is that universities risk increasing polarisation, rather than trying to tackle problems of trustworthiness. The authors argue that, instead, universities need to be attentive to matters of democracy, power, and privilege, as well as a plurality of epistemological ideals, when discussing the so-called post-truth crisis.
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| 14. |
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Digital politik : sociala medier, deltagande och engagemang
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här boken handlar om hur sociala medier kan fungera politiskt i människors vardag. Digitaliseringen av samhället har starkt aktualiserat frågan om förhållandet mellan medier och deltagande. I Sverige har exempelvis de olika politiska partierna lagt mycket resurser på synlighet, inte minst via bloggar,Facebook och Twitter. Sociala nätverksmedier medför även möjligheter till en mer vardaglig form av engagemang och deltagande i en mängd olika politiska och sociala frågor.Vilken betydelse har sociala medier för exempelvis politiker, journalister och aktivister? Hur används nya digitala kommunikationstekniker för att utöva politiska påtryckningar och för politisk mobilisering? Vad innebär det att vara engagerad i dagens digitaliserade samhälle? Hur kan "det politiska" – också i termer av olika typer av livsstilar och identitetsarbete – spåras i olika gruppers och individers medieanvändning?Digital politik — Sociala medier, deltagande och engagemangbestår av tio kapitel som från olika perspektiv bidrar till att belysa och problematisera sociala mediers betydelse för "det politiska" i dag. Författarna är forskare verksamma inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap i Sverige och Norge.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Engman, Charlotte, 1991-
(författare)
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Desires of decoloniality and museal logics : encounters between the swedish museum of ethnography, democratic ideals, and contemporary audiences
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ‘Decolonisation’ is a frequently used expression in museum contexts, and a growing museal practice. In ethnographic museums, such attempts are usually performed in the shape of projects that seek to establish new relationships with source– or diasporan communities. However, little research has been produced about how these practices relate to the political demands and expectations set on state museums, and how they are shaped in a Swedish context. By following the project Ongoing Africa at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm, Sweden, the thesis aims to explore how different museal logics condition activities, are reproduced, and relate to each other. The empirical data consists of interviews with museum staff and collaborators engaged in the project, observations of project activities, and written data such as policy documents and government publications.The findings show that tension and ambivalence characterise museal decoloniality. Along with ideals of social inclusion, co-creation and decolonial agendas, the museal economy is being eroded and activities market-adjusted, at the same time as the museum is also expected to be educative and authoritarian. While museum professionals struggle with creating relevance for the museum and the collections, the latter has been discursively fragmented through contemporary investments in heritage justice and repatriation discourse. To external stake holders, the ethnographic collection symbolises ongoing forms of colonial violence and heritage items that contribute to diasporan identity formation. Furthermore, the public museum is today a place where contemporary anti-racist ideology manifest itself through silences performed in relation to racialisation, and knowledge is at the museum a contingent and relational practice.
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| 17. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial colonization of the skin following aseptic preoperative preparation and impact of the use of plastic adhesive drapes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biological Research for Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1099-8004 .- 1552-4175. ; 15:2, s. 242-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site contamination, for example, with coagulase-negative staphylococci, probably derives from both the patient’s own skin flora and those of the surgical team. Despite preoperative antiseptic preparation with chlorhexidine solution, complete sterilization of the skin is not possible and gradual recolonization will occur. Plastic adhesive drape is an established method used to prevent direct wound contamination from adjacent skin. In this study, the time to skin recolonization after antiseptic preparation was measured and the impact of using plastic adhesive drape on this recolonization was evaluated. Repeated bacterial sampling using three different methods over 6 hr was conducted after antiseptic preparation in 10 volunteers. Recolonization of skin was observed after 30 min with plastic drape and after 60 min without plastic drape; there were significantly more positive cultures with the plastic drape than without (31% vs. 7.5%, respectively, p < .001). Sampling with a rayon swab was the most sensitive sampling method. In conclusion, covering the skin with a plastic adhesive drape seems to hasten recolonization of the skin after antiseptic preparation. However, clinical trials to confirm this finding are warranted.
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| 18. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial growth and wound infection following saphenous vein harvesting in cardiac surgery : a randomized controlled trial of the impact of microbial sealant
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 33:11, s. 1981-1987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare microbial skin sealant versus bare skin on the leg regarding intraoperative bacterial presence in the surgical wound and time to recolonization of the adjacent skin at the saphenous vein harvesting site. A second aim was to evaluate the incidence of leg wound infection 2 months after surgery. In this randomized controlled trial, 140 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between May 2010 and October 2011 were enrolled. Bacterial samples were taken preoperatively and intraoperatively at multiple time points and locations. OF the patients, 125 (92.6 %) were followed up 2 months postoperatively regarding wound infection. Intraoperative bacterial growth did not differ between the bare skin (n = 68) and the microbial skin sealant group (n = 67) at any time point. At 2 months postoperatively, 7/61 patients (11.5 %) in the skin sealant versus 14/64 (21.9 %) in the bare skin group (p = 0.120) had been treated with antibiotics for a verified or suspected surgical site infection (SSI) at the harvest site. We found almost no intraoperative bacterial presence on the skin or in the subcutaneous tissue, irrespective of microbial skin sealant use. In contrast, we observed a relatively high incidence of late wound infection, indicating that wound contamination occurred postoperatively. Further research is necessary to determine whether the use of microbial skin sealant reduces the incidence of leg wound infection at the saphenous vein harvest site.
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| 19. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial recolonization of the skin and wound contamination during cardiac surgery : a randomized controlled trial of the use of plastic adhesive drape compared with bare skin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - London, United Kingdom : Saunders Elsevier. - 0195-6701 .- 1532-2939. ; 84:2, s. 151-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery is a serious complication. Various perioperative strategies, including plastic adhesive drapes, are used to reduce bacterial contamination of surgical wounds.Aim: To compare plastic adhesive drape to bare skin regarding bacterial growth in wound and time to recolonization of the adjacent skin intraoperatively, in cardiac surgery patients.Methods: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial (May 2010 to May 2011) included 140 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. The patients were randomly allocated to the adhesive drape (chest covered with plastic adhesive drape) or bare skin group. Bacterial samples were taken preoperatively and intraoperatively every hour during surgery until skin closure.Results: Disinfection with 0.5% chlorhexidine solution in 70% alcohol decreased coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), while the proportion colonized with Propionibacterium acnes was not significantly reduced and was still present in more than 50% of skin samples. P. acnes was significantly more common in men than in women. Progressive bacterial recolonization of the skin occurred within 2-3 h. At 120 min there were significantly more positive cultures in the adhesive drape group versus bare skin group for P. acnes (63% vs 44%; P = 0.034) and for CoNS (45% vs 24%; P = 0.013). The only statistically significant difference in bacterial growth in the surgical wound was higher proportion of CoNS at the end of surgery in the adhesive drape group (14.7% vs 4.4%; P = 0.044).Conclusion: Plastic adhesive drape does not reduce bacterial recolonization. P. acnes colonized men more frequently, and was not decreased by disinfection with chlorhexidine solution in alcohol.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Falk-Brynhildsen, Karin, 1959-
(författare)
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The effect of peroperative skin preparation on bacterial growth during cardiac surgery
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Routine products are used and procedures are followed in order to prevent and minimize the bacterial contamination of the surgical wound, and thus reduce the risk of postoperative wound infections. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of different preoperative skin preparation before cardiac surgery.In study I, 10 healthy volunteers were compared in time to recolonization of the skin and bacterial growth with or without plastic adhesive drape. Bacterial samples were taken as paired samples on both side of the sternum. Plastic drape on disinfected skin seems to hasten recolonization compared with bare skin.In study II, 135 cardiac surgery patients were comparing plastic adhesive drape versus bare skin on the chest regarding intra-operative bacterial growth. Plastic adhesive drape did not reduce the bacterial recolonization or wound contamination, P. acnes colonizes males more often than females and P. acnes is not affected by disinfection with 0.5% chlorhexidine in ethanol.Study III, compared the leg harvesting site with or without microbal skin sealant in 135 CABG patients regarding intraoperative bacterial growth and postoperative wound infection. Almost no bacterial growth was found during surgery regardless of the use of microbial skin sealant and bare skin. A high incidence of postoperative wound infections (16.8%) in 2 month follow up was present and SSI was largely caused by S. aureus, i.e. other bacterial species than observed intraoperative.Study IV, a descriptive study using phenotypic and genotypic methods investigate susceptibility to chlorhexidine among S. epidermidis indicating that S. epidermidis isolates following preoperative skin disinfection are sensitive tochlorhexidine.
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| 22. |
- Fataftah, Nazeer, et al.
(författare)
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GIGANTEA influences leaf senescence in trees in two different ways
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 187:4, s. 2435-2450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GIGANTEA (GI) genes have a central role in plant development and influence several processes. Hybrid aspen T89 (Populus tremula x tremuloides) trees with low GI expression engineered through RNAi show severely compromised growth. To study the effect of reduced GI expression on leaf traits with special emphasis on leaf senescence, we grafted GI-RNAi scions onto wild-type rootstocks and successfully restored growth of the scions. The RNAi line had a distorted leaf shape and reduced photosynthesis, probably caused by modulation of phloem or stomatal function, increased starch accumulation, a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and reduced capacity to withstand moderate light stress. GI-RNAi also induced senescence under long day (LD) and moderate light conditions. Furthermore, the GI-RNAi lines were affected in their capacity to respond to “autumn environmental cues” inducing senescence, a type of leaf senescence that has physiological and biochemical characteristics that differ from those of senescence induced directly by stress under LD conditions. Overexpression of GI delayed senescence under simulated autumn conditions. The two different effects on leaf senescence under LD or simulated autumn conditions were not affected by the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T. GI expression regulated leaf senescence locally-the phenotype followed the genotype of the branch, independent of its position on the tree-and trees with modified gene expression were affected in a similar way when grown in the field as under controlled conditions. Taken together, GI plays a central role in sensing environmental changes during autumn and determining the appropriate timing for leaf senescence in Populus.
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| 23. |
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Fint språk = Good Language : festskrift till Lars-Gunnar Andersson
- 2014. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Festskrift till Lars-Gunnar Andersson med anledning av hans 65-årsdag. Boken innehåller 20 artiklar om språk av följande författare: Karin Aijmer, Sture Allén, Gunnar Bergh & Sölve Ohlander, Elisabet Engdahl, Catharina Grünbaum, Olle Josephson, Fred Karlsson, Lars Lindvall & Mårten Ramnäs, Per Linell & Kerstin Norén, Magnus Ljung, Sven-Göran Malmgren, Bengt Nordberg, Christer Platzack, Bo Ralph, Lena Rogström, Eva Sundgren, Ulf Teleman, Mats Thelander & Björn Melander, Peter Trudgill samt Jan-Ola Östman.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Golubinskaya, Veronika, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of S100A Alarmins in Cord Blood Monocytes Is Highly Associated With Chorioamnionitis and Fetal Inflammation in Preterm Infants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preterm infants exposed to chorioamnionitis and with a fetal inflammatory response are at risk for neonatal morbidity and adverse outcome. Alarmins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 are expressed by myeloid cells and have been associated with inflammatory activation and monocyte modulation. Aim: To study S100A alarmin expression in cord blood monocytes from term healthy and preterm infants and relate results to clinical findings, inflammatory biomarkers and alarmin protein levels, as well as pathways identified by differentially regulated monocyte genes. Methods: Cord blood CD14+ monocytes were isolated from healthy term (n = 10) and preterm infants (<30 weeks gestational age, n = 33) by MACS technology. Monocyte RNA was sequenced and gene expression was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical clustering. Pathways were identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Inflammatory proteins were measured by Multiplex ELISA, and plasma S100A proteins by mass spectrometry. Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) and fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) were diagnosed by placenta histological examination. Results: S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 gene expression was significantly increased and with a wider range in preterm vs. term infants. High S100A8 and S100A9 gene expression (n = 17) within the preterm group was strongly associated with spontaneous onset of delivery, HCA, FIRS and elevated inflammatory proteins in cord blood, while low expression (n = 16) was associated with impaired fetal growth and physician-initiated delivery. S100A8 and S100A9 protein levels were significantly lower in preterm vs. term infants, but within the preterm group high S100A gene expression, spontaneous onset of labor, HCA and FIRS were associated with elevated protein levels. One thousand nine hundred genes were differentially expressed in preterm infants with high vs. low S100A alarmin expression. Analysis of 124 genes differentially expressed in S100A high as well as FIRS and HCA groups identified 18 common pathways and S100A alarmins represented major hubs in network analyses. Conclusion: High expression of S100A alarmins in cord blood monocytes identifies a distinct clinical risk group of preterm infants exposed to chorioamnionitis and with a fetal inflammatory response. Gene and pathway analyses suggest that high S100A alarmin expression also affects monocyte function. The connection with monocyte phenotype and inflammation-stimulated S100A expression in other cell types (e.g., neutrophils) warrants further investigation.
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| 26. |
- Hallqvist, Johan, 1984-
(författare)
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Människoliknande teknik och det möjligt mänskliga : En etnologisk studie av relationer mellan människor och teknik
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna avhandling knyter an till den klassiska kulturvetenskapliga frågan om hur vi förstår vad det innebär att vara människa. Specifikt undersöks hur människor i samtiden aktivt utforskar och förhåller sig till den ökande kontaktytan i vardagsliv och arbetsliv mellan människor och människoliknande teknik, dvs. teknik som har människoliknande egenskaper och inte sällan även människoliknande utseende såsom robotar och digital hälsoteknik. Detta möjliggör en granskning av hur mänsklighet skapas, förhandlas och omförhandlas.Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka de föreställningar om vad det innebär att vara människa som aktualiseras i mötet mellan människa och människoliknande teknik. De centrala frågorna rör vilka dessa föreställningar om det mänskliga är, vad som kännetecknar dem och hur de kommer till uttryck samt hur gränser mellan människor och människoliknande teknik förhandlas och omförhandlas. I syftet ingår även att undersöka hur föreställningar om det mänskliga i relation till människoliknande teknik påverkas av och påverkar föreställningar om kön, sexualitet, ålder, etnicitet, social skiktning och subjektivitet, samt även hälso- och sjukvård och professionalism. Dessa olika perspektiv undersöks i avhandlingens fem papers.Avhandlingens empiri utgörs av två delstudier från både fiktiva och icke-fiktiva sammanhang där människoliknande teknik utvecklas och används av människor inom en svensk kontext. Delstudierna utgör två olika spelplatser där möjliga (framtida) relationer mellan människor och människoliknande teknik gestaltas och undersöks. I delstudie 1 (paper 1–2) undersöks, genom intervjuer och observationer, utvecklingen av digital hälsoteknik för hälso- och sjukvård inom två svenska tvärvetenskapliga forskningsprojekt, Like-a-peer och Walk Safely. I delstudie 2 (paper 3–5) undersöks, genom medieobservationer, relationer mellan människor och människoliknande teknik i den svenska science fiction tv-serien Äkta människor.Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av diskursteori, figural hermeneutik, feministisk queerteori och feministisk nymaterialistisk teoribildning. Specifikt analyseras hur föreställningar om att vara människa förhandlas och omförhandlas i relationer mellan människor och människoliknande teknik där språk, praktiker och materiella objekt länkas samman och skapar gränsdragningar mellan vad som förstås som mänskligt och icke-mänskligt.Utifrån resultaten i avhandlingens papers framkommer två övergripande teman gällande föreställningar om mänsklighet i relationer mellan människor och människoliknande teknik. Det första temat är hur människolikhet som medel, fantasi och praktik fungerar både gränsupprätthållande och gränsöverskridande. Såväl i Like-a-peer och Walk Safely som i Äkta människor gjordes teknik människolik på olika sätt, för olika syften och i olika grad. Detta förmänskligande tog sig uttryck främst genom att förkroppsliga tekniken för att göra den mer ”biologiskt” människolik, genom personalisering där tekniken anpassas till användarens behov och att tekniken görs personlik, samt genom subjektivering där tekniken framstår mer som en någon än ett något. Resultatet visar att förmänskligandet av tekniken både utmanar och upprätthåller föreställningar om vad det innebär att vara människa och skapar vissa gränsöverskridanden mellan människa och människoliknande teknik men även mellan fiktion och verklighet samt mellan arbetsliv och vardagsliv, när tekniken flyttar in i människors hem.Det andra temat är hur människolikhet ger upphov till (möjliga) konflikter och utmaningar. Två potentiella konflikter identifierades. Den ena konflikten involverade relationen mellan patient och digital hälsoteknik i huruvida om och när den digitala vårdgivaren (människoliknande digital hälsoteknik) skulle följa eller gå emot patientens egna hälsorelaterade önskemål. Den andra konflikten handlade om frågan om patientens valfrihet och möjlighet att själv få välja avatar till sin digitala vårdgivare för att öka sin villighet att följa den digitala vårdgivarens råd. Några intervjupersoner lyfte risker med att patienten skulle välja bort vissa avatarer på grund av fördomar gällande exempelvis kön, etnicitet och ålder. För det första skulle detta kunna hota den mänskliga mångfalden inom hälso- och sjukvården genom att patienter, medvetet eller omedvetet, även väljer (bort) mänskliga hälsoprofessionella baserat på fördomar. Valet av avatar, det vill säga hur digitala hälsoprofessionella skulle förkroppsligas, synliggjorde på så sätt en konflikt mellan patientens valfrihet och de hälsoprofessionellas professionalism och arbetsrätt, där patienternas trygghet ställdes mot de hälsoprofessionellas trygghet och skydd mot diskriminering.För att hantera eventuella konflikter mellan vårdgivare och vårdtagare i hur digitala hälsodata ska balanseras krävs ett omfattande etiskt arbete kring hur patientens och vårdens intressen ska balanseras och hur vårdgivande i hemmet via digital hälsoteknik ska hanteras; de digitala vårdgivarna, som exempelvis Like-a-peers mentoragent eller vårdhubotarna i Äkta människor, har således en delikat uppgift i att försöka väga dessa intressen mellan patienten och vården mot varandra.
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| 27. |
- Jacobsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Adult ADHD and emerging models of maladaptive personality: a meta-analytic review
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundADHD is a highly consequential disorder that is estimated to affect 2.5% of the adult population. Emerging models of psychopathology posit that disorders like ADHD can be usefully situated within general models of individual differences in personality, such as those recently implemented in the DSM and ICD for the diagnosis of personality disorder. Previous research and systematic reviews have linked adult ADHD to the personality traits Conscientious Inhibition and Negative Emotionality. However, there have been some inconsistencies in the literature and research embedding ADHD-personality connections in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder models has been limited. The goal of this paper was to systematically review associations between adult ADHD and personality traits, organized within a maladaptive five factor framework.MethodA comprehensive literature search yielded 13 papers whose effects were meta-analyzed.ResultsResults supported associations between ADHD and low Conscientious Inhibition and high Negative Emotionality. However, interesting patterns of variability were observed, potentially related to issues such as instrumentation and facet variation.ConclusionResults support the clinical application of personality assessment for suggesting risk for ADHD symptoms, and point to important directions for further research.
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| 28. |
- Lima, Pedro F., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial Model Predictive Control for Smooth and Accurate Steering of an Autonomous Truck
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles. - : IEEE. - 2379-8858 .- 2379-8904. ; 2:4, s. 238-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present an algorithm for lateral control of a vehicle – a smooth and accurate model predictive controller. The fundamental difference compared to a standard MPC is that the driving smoothness is directly addressed in the cost function. The controller objective is based on the minimization of the first- and second-order spatial derivatives of the curvature. By doing so, jerky commands to the steering wheel, which could lead to permanent damage on the steering components and vehicle structure, are avoided. A good path tracking accuracy is ensured by adding constraints to avoid deviations from the reference path. Finally, the controller is experimentally tested and evaluated on a Scania construction truck. The evaluation is performed at Scania’s facilities near So ̈derta ̈lje, Sweden via two different paths: a precision track that resembles a mining scenario and a high-speed test track that resembles a highway situation. Even using a linearized kinematic vehicle to predict the vehicle motion, the performance of the proposed controller is encouraging, since the deviation from the path never exceeds 30 cm. It clearly outperforms an industrial pure-pursuit controller in terms of path accuracy and a standard MPC in terms of driving smoothness.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Lundgren, Anna Sofia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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"For the good of the village" : volunteer initiatives and rural resilience
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a consequence of cutbacks in the welfare sector, rural populations have reacted to their situation by taking over and operating activities that are threatened by closures, such as schools, grocery stores and health centres, for themselves. Such initiatives are often referred to as examples of rural resilience. Drawing on interviews, this paper explores participants' narratives about rural initiatives aiming to retain and develop local welfare and community services. It pays specific heed to how notions of resilience reside within the narratives – the ideological convictions and challenges they entail, and the practices they make (im)possible. The study shows that participants’ narratives about resilient villages and initiatives indirectly support the neoliberal rural policy focus on regional responsibility to create growth. It argues that, in order to understand the appeal of the neoliberal positions and practices that resilience thinking proved to entail, it is important to recognise the intersections of space and identity, and to explore the local spatial experiences and imageries in relation to which resilience practices appear desirable and necessary, as well as the specific rural identities that resilience discourse supports.
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| 31. |
- Lundgren, Anna Sofia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Inledning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Mitt i metoden. - Umeå : Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, Umeå universitet. - 9789174595093 ; , s. 7-16
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Lundgren, Anna Sofia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturanalytiska perspektiv
- 2009
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Ingår i: Att förhandla plats och tillhörighet<em> </em>. - Umeå : Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, Umeå universitet. - 9789163352805 ; , s. 5-9
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Lögdberg, Ulrika, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Everyday navigation between adaptation and resistance : how young people negotiate their well-being in relation to assigned migrant positions in school
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerning the so-called "refugee crisis" in 2015 and how it affected the position of young migrants in society, researchers have underscored the value of studies challenging one-sided images of migrant youth. This study examines how migrant positions are constituted, negotiated, and related to young people's well-being. The study was undertaken using an ethnographic approach combined with the theoretical concept of translocational positionality to acknowledge how positions are created through historical and political processes and, at the same time, are context-dependent over time and space and thus contain incongruities. Our findings show how the newly arrived youth used multiple ways to navigate the school's everyday life and ascribed migrant positions to achieve well-being as illustrated through the distancing, adapting, defense, and the contradictory positions. Based on our findings, we understand the negotiations that occur in forming migrant positions within the school as asymmetric. At the same time, the youths' diverse and often contradictory positionality showed in various ways the striving for increased agency and well-being.
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| 34. |
- Lögdberg, Ulrika, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Social, Spatial and Material Conditions for Mattering : Newly Arrived Young Migrants’ Possibilities to Matter in Everyday Life in a Swedish School
- 2024
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Ingår i: Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research. - New Delhi : Sage Publications. - 1103-3088 .- 1741-3222. ; 32:3, s. 296-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mattering as a central part of well-being has not been studied in the context of newly arrived young migrants in Swedish schools. Neither have studies on mattering included material and spatial conditions. This article draws on data collected from ethnographic fieldwork to address this. The theoretical contribution is based on the combination of the concept of mattering with Ahmed’s feminist and postcolonial theory of orientation and a critical view of lived experience as social and bodily orientation devices. Combining these theoretical frameworks, we explore social, spatial and material conditions for mattering in newly arrived youths’ everyday school lives. The overall outcome of our analysis illustrates that mattering is not only a question of social relations but also related to spatial and material dimensions. A conclusion is that Swedishness as an unspoken norm of whiteness is ‘built into the walls’ of Swedish schools and that (in)directly discriminates newly arrived young migrants.
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| 35. |
- Lögdberg, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Young Migrants’ Experiences and Conditions for Health : A Photovoice Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: SAGE Open. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 2158-2440. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visualization and expression of health-related experiences and conditions by young migrants from five different countries residing in Sweden were examined in this study. Using photovoice, the participants were invited to describe and discuss their experiences in three stages: (a) document and portray their everyday lives by taking pictures, (b) discuss their findings, and (c) present their views on health to the adults who are present in their everyday life and that are important for improving young migrants’ health conditions. The overall findings indicate that temporal, spatial, and social conditions are important for the well-being of these young migrants. Thus, in order for the young migrants to feel well in a new cultural context, a search for meaning and meaningfulness in relation to time, place, and other people was important. These findings are discussed in light of social, mental, and existential health dimensions and in relation to the selected study methods.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Nilsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A Classification of Different Levels of Flexibility in an Automated Manufacturing System and Needed Competence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Towards Sustainable Customization: Bridging Smart Products and Manufacturing Systems. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030907006 ; , s. 27-34
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mass customization has become more attractive but requires a transformation towards more flexible solutions in contrast to dedicated manufacturing systems. Flexibility includes complex tasks such as the introduction of new products or new manufacturing processes as well as to efficiently handle daily balancing. The main challenge when it comes to flexibility in manufacturing is to be able to handle the technical aspects and still be competitive. In this article we consider the cost for flexibility to include two main things; (1) setup time, e.g., time for planning, design, programming and configuration, installation, ramp-up, scrapping of old equipment, preparation of facility, hardware installation, and (2) need of competence, inhouse knowledge, external competence, or external expert competence. This article presents an overview of available solutions and the level of flexibility and the level of competence that is needed for a reconfiguration one can expect out of a specific solution. Further, most of the existing solutions found do not consider or address the full problem of flexibility. However, we describe a possible future of industrial concept: Plug & Produce, which can address flexibility within manufacturing more completely and sustainably over time. Methods for configuration instead of programming are developed by University West.
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| 38. |
- Nilsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Customization and flexible manufacturing capacity using a graphical method applied on a configurable multi-agent system
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes a Plug & Produce and goal-oriented configurable multi-agent system that admits adding and removing resources to balance the manufacturing capacity without doing any digital reconfiguration or reprogramming. To handle that a new part-agent strategy is developed and described. Goals are central in designing autonomous multi-agent systems, possibilities to execute goals in parallel are desirable when the process requirements admit concurrent use of resources. Also, a standardized graphical method, the sequence of goals chart, is proposed to define and visualize parallel and sequential goals independently of available resources. Premanufacturing of wooden houses belongs to one of many manufacturing industries that claim flexible automation systems due to the high degree of customized products and a fluctuating market. A physical Plug & Produce robot-based workstation was built up to verify the flexibility in altering capacity and adoption to product modifications of a house wall section. Further, the simplicity of modifying the proposed configurable multi-agent system was compared to more traditionally designed systems and plain multi-agent systems with superior results. The flexibility is built into the proposed system by default as a part of the concept, simple enough to be handled by existing in-house knowledge within manufacturing companies.
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| 39. |
- Nilsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
From CAD to Plug & Produce : A generic structure for the integration of standard industrial robots into agents
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 128:11-12, s. 5249-5260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industries of low-batches or one-of manufacturing aim for automation that is competitive enough to adapt to new or modifed products daily through in-house knowledge that focuses on manufacturing processes and not on machine function programming. To solve this, a complete set of actions that utilize seamless data transfer from product design in CAD to a Plug & Produce automation concept is proposed together with a generic structure for the integration of standard industrial robots into agents. This structure enables agents to handle their local reference coordinate systems and locations relative to a global perspective. Seamless utilization of data from product designs to Plug & Produce will simplify and shorten the time of digital development through concurrently usable text-based and graphical confguration tools of a confgurable multi-agent system. Needed data extracts directly from the product design as requirements of operational goals. Extraction of data from the product design, sequence of goals, and process plans, which are recipes of how to solve goals, can by this concept be confgured by in-house knowledge that has the process knowledge but not necessarily programming competence.
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| 40. |
- Nilsson, Bo, 1959-
(författare)
-
An ideology-critical examination of the cultural heritage policies of the Sweden Democrats
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Heritage Studies (IJHS). - : Taylor & Francis. - 1352-7258 .- 1470-3610. ; 28:5, s. 622-634
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultural heritage is increasingly used as a political force to achieve societal goals. This is specifically noticeable in the rhetoric of right-wing nationalist parties in Europe. Cultural heritage and ‘politics of the past’ have become key tools in explicit nationalist agendas and right-wing politicians are using cultural heritage to attract disenchanted voters. But how is cultural heritage constructed through these processes? The aim of this paper is to explore the constructions and uses of cultural heritage within the Swedish nationalist party the Sweden Democrats (SD). With non-government bills formulated by the Sweden Democrats as a point of departure, the paper illustrates how an ideological fantasy is reproduced, which is based on establishing a direct connection between the party’s seemingly non-ideological ideology and ideas about an authentic Swedish cultural heritage. The latter reflects a ‘return’ to neorigorism, which refers to the belief in cultural heritage as an objective, given, and non-negotiable, phenomenon.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Nilsson, Bo, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Between party politics and local identification : Political responses to a rural protest
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Space & Polity. - : Routledge. - 1356-2576 .- 1470-1235. ; 25:1, s. 97-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do politicians make sense of situations in which they may find themselves caught up in between opposing loyalties, for example, party loyalty on the one hand and loyalty to neighbours and friends or ideological convictions on the other? Based on interviews about a rural occupation in protest of a political decision in a small community in Northern Sweden, this paper explores the approaches of local politicians to the protest and to the people involved in it. The results show how discourses of geographic space and party-political loyalty structured the negotiated responsibility for the situation, affected the politicians’ descriptions of the occupation as such, and made support for the protest become more or less difficult.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Nilsson, Bo, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
'For a living countryside' : political rhetoric about Swedish rural areas
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Urban and Regional Studies. - London : Sage Publications. - 0969-7764 .- 1461-7145. ; 25:1, s. 72-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression ‘a living countryside’ is often used to characterize the goal of Swedish rural politics. In this article the use of the expression in 170 non-government bills related to Swedish rural politics is analysed using discourse theory. On a general level, the expression was found to be empty of meaning and open for use by different and often opposing political parties proposing different and sometimes antagonistic measures. However, there were aspects of it that flirted with positively charged notions of Swedish national identity. It was also clear that the discursive struggle for a living countryside was also part of a party-political struggle. Further, the fantasy of a living countryside performed an ideological function in that it under-communicated how rural areas are generally and structurally subordinated to urban centres in ways that reach far beyond easily performed measures and political party quarrels.
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| 47. |
- Nilsson, Bo, 1959-
(författare)
-
Ideologi och retorik i kungaskämt
- 2009
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Ingår i: Kulturella perspektiv - Svensk etnologisk tidskrift. - Umeå : Föreningen Kulturella perspektiv. - 1102-7908. ; :2, s. 25-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
- Nilsson, Bo, 1959-
(författare)
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Ideology, Environment and Forced Relocation : Kiruna – a Town on the Move
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Urban and Regional Studies. - : Sage. - 0969-7764 .- 1461-7145. ; 17:4, s. 433-442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kiruna, a small town in the north of Sweden, is facing a major change because an expanding mining industry is threatening the town. The iron ore body runs under the central parts of the town and continued mining will cause that area to collapse. Therefore, the municipality of Kiruna (Kiruna kommun) has, under the influence of the mining company LKAB (Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag), decided to relocate parts of the town a few miles to the north-west. The relocation plans have attracted a great deal of attention in both national and international media. This article examines the ideological bias that characterizes various opinions in relation to the relocation plans, and especially the views of those in favour of the move, the mining company and the majority of the municipality of Kiruna. ‘Ideology’, both as a concept and as a perspective, is used in an analysis of how some specific ‘truths’ regarding the relocation are produced. Furthermore, I argue that the relocation plans are part of an ideological fantasy rooted in the social structure, of which the mining company has historically been a creator. On a more general level, the article deals with democratic processes in the context of an urban transformation.
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| 49. |
- Nilsson, Bo, 1959-
(författare)
-
Inledning : Norrlandsfrågan (åter)aktualiserad
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Brännpunkt Norrland. - Umeå : Bokförlaget h:ström - Text & Kultur. - 9789173272230 ; , s. 7-10
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Nilsson, Bo, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inledning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Teori som metod. - Umeå : Umeå universitet: Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper. - 9789178557035 - 9789178557042 ; , s. 1-7
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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