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Sökning: WFRF:(Nilsson Doris)

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1.
  • Nilsson, H C, et al. (författare)
  • Child physical abuse – High school students’ mental health and parental relations depending on who perpetrated the abuse
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Child Abuse and Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 70, s. 28-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to contribute to the research of child physical abuse (CPA) by examining if there were any differences in high school students’ mental health (in this study symptoms of depression and anxiety, self-esteem and sense of coherence) and/or, in how they perceive their parents, depending on whether or not they had been subjected to CPA during childhood. In addition, if high school students reported different mental health and/or, relationships with their parents, depending on if their mother, father or both parents were the perpetrators of CPA. A representative national sample of high school students (N = 3288, data collected 2009) participated in the study. Participants completed the following: questions about CPA and alleged perpetrators, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale and Parental Bonding Instrument. The results showed students who reported experiences of CPA were more likely to report symptoms of mental illness and negative perceptions of their parents’ parenting. However, there were no mental health differences depending on whether their mother, father or both parents were the perpetrators of CPA. Still, there were differences in perceived parenting indicating that mothers’ parenting was perceived as more negative when mothers only or both parents were perpetrators of the abuse than when only fathers were perpetrators.
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2.
  • Adeback, Petra, et al. (författare)
  • Children exposed to a natural disaster: psychological consequences eight years after 2004 tsunami
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 72:1, s. 75-81
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There is a need for studies that follow up children and adolescents for many years post disaster since earlier studies have shown that exposure during natural disasters constitutes a risk factor for poor psychological health.Aims: The main aim was to examine whether there was an association between severity of exposures during a natural disaster experienced in childhood or adolescence and posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, self-rated health, diagnosis of depression, anxiety or worry, thoughts about or attempted suicide, physical symptoms or daily functioning eight years later in young adulthood. A second aim was to compare psychological distress and self-rated health of exposed young adults with a matched population-based sample.Method: Young adults, who experienced the 2004 tsunami as children between 10 and 15 years of age, responded to a questionnaire eight years post disaster. The results were compared to a matched population sample.Results: The results showed that the likelihood for negative psychological outcomes was higher for those who had been exposed to several types of exposures during this natural disaster.Conclusions: The negative psychological impact on children and adolescents can still be present eight years post-disaster and seems to have association with the type of exposure; loss, physical presence and subjective experience. It is important for clinicians, who meet young adults seeking help, to be conscious about the impact as long as eight years post disaster and to be aware of possible clinical implications associated with severity of exposures.
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3.
  • Adebäck, Petra, et al. (författare)
  • Children or adolescents who lost someone close during the Southeast Asia tsunami 2004 – The life as young
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - Oxford, United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279. ; 12:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: To lose a person close suddenly, during childhood or adolescence, can be devastating. Many children or adolescents experienced the 2004 Indonesian tsunami when they were between 10- and 15-years-old. This study, from Stockholm, Sweden, describes the long-term effects of loss, eight- or nine-years post disaster, in young adulthood.Method: A mixed-method approach was used including statistical analyses (n = 210) and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).Results: It was shown that there was a significant difference between bereaved (n=34) and nonbereaved (n = 176) respondents concerning, psychological distress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and self-rated health. Three themes were found by using the IPA approach (n=9): Living in traumas, carrying heavy baggage, and living with change.Conclusion: The respondents described personal feelings of grief that are not expressed in their outward appearance or behavior in their daily living. When meeting young adults that have lost someone close in childhood or adolescence, this is important to have in mind.
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4.
  • Adebäck, Petra, et al. (författare)
  • Late Reminders Nine Years Post Disaster in Adults Who As Children or Adolescents Were Exposed to the 2004 Southeast Asian Tsunami
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Child Care in Practice. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1357-5279 .- 1476-489X. ; 28:3, s. 290-304
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine if young adults, who as children and adolescents were heavily exposed to the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia, had late reminders of this disaster nine years post disaster and, if so, how they handled these late reminders.Method: The subjects who had been exposed when they were between 10 and 15 years old were interviewed nine years post disaster when they had reached adulthood.Results: All those interviewed stated that they had experienced different late reminders of the 2004 tsunami even nine years later. They said that they could plan in advance or deal with late reminders should they occur. Two types of reminders were identified, one type designated as external and the other as internal. The interview subjects described how they had handled these reminders by striving for balance by thinking, talking, letting feelings out, doing something else or by avoiding.Conclusions: These young adults strived to find a balance between their function as adults in society and continued effects from the 2004 tsunami. A person, even if not affected functionally, can be affected in different ways in adulthood by the natural disaster they had experienced during childhood or adolescence. This is something important for anyone to think about when he or she meets persons who have been heavily exposed to a natural disaster many years earlier.
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5.
  • Adebäck, Petra, et al. (författare)
  • Social Support for Exposed Children and Adolescents Who Experienced the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami - Associations with Psychological Health in Young Adulthood
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Health science and Education. ; 3:6, s. 1-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Lack of social support is a risk factor for negative psychological outcomes post disaster. However, we do not know if this is the case after many years.Aim: The aim was to examine the association between remembered social support directly after the 2004 tsunami or social support eight years post disaster and psychological distress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, self-rated health, worry or anxiety and suicide ideation in 2012 for exposed children and adolescents.Subjects and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to young adults who experienced the tsunami when they were 10-15 years of age. The questionnaire included Crises Support Scale, General Health Questionnaire, Impact of Events Scale Revised and questions of Worry and Anxiety, Self-rated Health, and Suicidal ideation and questions specially made.Results: Low levels of perceived social support given in 2004 or 2012 were associated with higher levels of psychological distress, additional posttraumatic stress symptoms, low self-rated health, more worry or anxiety and more suicidal ideation in 2012.Conclusion: The results show that providing social support for children and adolescents who have experienced a disaster create better psychological health many years later
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6.
  • Andersson, Yvonne, et al. (författare)
  • Child Evacuations During World War II: This ShouldNot Happen Again
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Loss and Trauma. - UK : Routledge. - 1532-5024 .- 1532-5032. ; 24:3, s. 213-225
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is little research about the long-term effects on childrenthat were separated from their parents and moved fromFinland to Sweden during World War II. The aim of this studywas to capture these now-lifelong reflections, and so questionnaireswere sent to 14 potential participants. Ten personsaged 7381 responded. The themes that emerged concernedpride over professional achievements, the pain of separation,and feelings of alienation and loneliness. The informantsemphasized the importance of sibling relationships. The conclusionwas that the participants, despite the hardships connectedwith the migration, had successfully lived a good lifein Sweden.ARTICLE HISTORYReceived 16 July 2018Accepted 11 May 2018KEYWORDSFinnish war children; childseparations; childevacuation; importance ofsibling relationsAt
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7.
  • Arnison, Tor, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Posttraumatic Stress among women with HIV in Zambia
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The Medical Journal of Zambia. - Lusaka, Zambia : Zambia Medical Association. - 0047-651X. ; 44:2, s. 100-105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To examine whether HIV-positive women in Lusaka District, Zambia, displays a higher degree of PTSD-symptoms than a HIV-negative control group.Method: The study targeted 50 HIV-positive women from four ART-clinics and 42 HIV-negative women from corresponding VCT-units. All sites were located in Lusaka District, Zambia. The HIV-positive women were compared with the control group in regard for PTSD, PTSD-symptoms, dissociative symptoms and history of traumatic experiences. The instruments used were PCL-C, DES-T and LYLES-A. Prior to the main study, the validity of the instruments were assessed with a pilot-sample.Results: Three participants in the HIV-positive group fulfilled the criteria for clinical PTSD (10.7 %), as compared to none in the control group. The HIV-positive group also displayed a significantly higher degree of PTSD-symptoms and previous traumatic experiences, with strong effect sizes, but not for dissociative symptoms. The significant difference in PTSD-symptoms remained while trauma-history was controlled for.Conclusions: The results of this study clearly indicates that women with HIV are vulnerable to PTSD and that contracting HIV in itself can constitute a psychological trauma in itself. Since PTSD among persons with HIV has been associated with transmission risk behaviours, reduced treatment adherence and a faster disease progression, these findings are important to consider in actions against HIV and AIDS. 
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8.
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9.
  • Briere, John (författare)
  • TSCC, Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children : Manual Supplement, svensk version
  • 2010
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • TSCC är ett självrapporteringsformulär som mäter posttraumatisk stress och relaterade symptom. Instrumentet är avsett att användas för barn och ungdomar som har upplevt traumatiska händelser såsom fysiska eller sexuella övergrepp, dödsfall av närstående, naturkatastrofer eller bevittnat hot och våld. TSCC mäter ett brett spektrum av traumatiska symptom och lämpar sig framförallt för screening men kan också användas för att utvärdera effekter av psykoterapeutiska interventioner.
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10.
  • Briere, John (författare)
  • TSCYC, Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children : Manual, Svensk version
  • 2012
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • TSCYC är ett frågeformulär som används för att mäta ett brett spektrum av akuta eller kroniska posttraumatiska symptom hos barn som har upplevt traumatiska händelser såsom övergrepp eller misshandel eller har bevittnat våld i hemmet eller i sin närmiljö. Den svenska versionen av TSCYC har översatts av docent Doris Nilsson och professor Carl-Göran Svedin som även har översatt, normerat och standardiserat den svenska versionen av traumainstrumentet TSCC för äldre barn och ungdomar.Den svenska standardiseringen och normeringen av TSCYC har gjorts i en grupp om 629 barn ur normalpopulation och en klinisk grupp om 59 barn i åldrarna 3–11 år. Normerna är uppdelade utifrån ålder och kön.TSCYC-formuläret innehåller 90 frågor och handlar om olika typer av traumasymptom som barnet kan uppvisa. Frågorna besvaras av barnets förälder eller vårdnadshavare. TSCYC ger en detaljerad utvärdering av posttraumatiska symptom på åtta kliniska skalor. En summaskala ger värdefull information om akuta och kroniska symptom samt andra vanligt förekommande symptom hos traumatiserade barn. PTSD-diagnosbladet, som ingår i svarsblanketten, kan användas som stöd i evalueringen av möjlig PTSD-diagnos.
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11.
  • Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • The local demography of resource economies : long term implications of natural resource industries for demographic development in sparsely populated areas
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Settlements at the edge. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784711955 - 9781784711962 ; , s. 357-378
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Settlements at the Edge examines the evolution, characteristics, functions and shifting economic basis of settlements in sparsely populated areas of developed nations. With a focus on demographic change, the book features theoretical and applied cases which explore the interface between demography, economy, well-being and the environment. This book offers a comprehensive and insightful knowledge base for understanding the role of population in shaping the development and histories of northern sparsely populated areas of developed nations including Alaska (USA), Australia, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland and other nations with territories within the Arctic Circle.
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12.
  • Carson, Dean B., 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • The mining resource cycle and settlement demography in Malå, Northern Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research on the demographic impacts of mining in sparsely populated areas has focused primarily on relatively large towns. Less attention has been paid to smaller villages, which may experience different impacts because of their highly concentrated economies and their small populations, making them more vulnerable to demographic “boom and bust” effects. This paper examines demographic change in four small villages in northern Sweden, which are located close to several mining projects but have evolved through different degrees of integration with or separation from mining. Using a longitudinal “resource cycle” perspective, the demographic trajectories of the villages are compared to understand how different types of settlement and engagement with mining have led to different demographic outcomes in the long term. While the four villages experienced similar trajectories in terms of overall population growth and decline, their experiences in relation to more nuanced indicators, including age and gender distributions and population mobilities, were different, and potential reasons for this are discussed. Due to data limitations, however, the long-term demographic consequences of mining for local Sami people remain unclear. The paper problematises this research gap in light of general concerns about mining impacts on traditional Sami livelihoods.
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13.
  • Eckhardt, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Traumatic experiences and dissociation in a non-clinical group of university students in Ecuador : a cross-sectional study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 1728-0583 .- 1728-0591. ; 30:3, s. 191-202
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: In Ecuador, as in most Latin American countries, scientific research on trauma and dissociation is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of potentially traumatic experiences and dissociative symptoms in adolescents and young adults who were students at the Central University in Quito, Ecuador.Methods: A cross-sectional study in which 144 students completed a self-administrated questionnaire consisting of Linköping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES), Adolescent-Dissociation Experience Scale (A-DES ) and background variables. Data collection was conducted in autumn 2012. Standard multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data.Results: All students reported a history of a minimum of five potentially traumatic experiences with a mean of 14.8. Eight participants (5.6%) scored above 3.7 on the Adolescent-Dissociation Experience Scale, which is considered clinically significant dissociation. No correlation was found between high scores on LYLES and A-DES.Conclusions: The prevalence of potentially traumatic experiences in the study population is very high compared to studies conducted in high-income settings. The low prevalence of dissociation suggests high resilience in the study population but more research on morbidity is needed to draw conclusions about mental health outcomes. Further research should include study populations in less advantageous contexts.
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14.
  • Gustafsson, Per E, et al. (författare)
  • Polytraumatization and Psychological Symptoms in Children and Adolescents
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 18:5, s. 274-283
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous research on the impact of traumatic experiences in children and adolescents has focused almost entirely on the effect of single trauma. Research on cumulative traumas been lacking, but Finkelhor (2007) has recently directed the attention to the concept of polyvictimization. As an extension of this concept, this study examined the impact of polytraumatization, operationalized as the number of different potentially traumatic events. The study population comprised two cross-sectional samples of school-aged children (n = 270) and adolescents (n = 400). Information of life-time incidence of traumatic events was collected by the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events (LITE), and psychological symptoms by the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the school children and the self-report Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) for the adolescents. We found that exposure to at least one traumatic event was common in both the samples (63% of the children and 89.5% of the adolescents). The number of different traumatic events, polytraumatization, was highly predictive of symptoms in both samples, and with a few exceptions surpassed the impact of specific events in exploratory analyses. We furthermore replicated previous findings of the important impact of interpersonal over noninterpersonal events on symptoms in both samples, and found an indication that this effect differed by gender in different manners in the two samples. This study emphasizes the significance of both the quantity of traumatic events, polytraumatization, as well as the quality, interpersonal events.
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15.
  • Hudson, Lawrence N, et al. (författare)
  • The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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16.
  • Kjellgren, Cecilia, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • Child Physical Abuse—Experiences of Combined Treatment for Children and their Parents: A Pilot Study
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Child Care in Practice. - London : Routledge. - 1357-5279 .- 1476-489X. ; 19:3, s. 275-290
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper reports on the results of treatment for families where child physical abuse has occurred. The Combined Parent Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Families at Risk for Child Physical Abuse (CPC-CBT) model includes parent and child interventions. Four teams (within child protection and child and adolescent psychiatry services, based in Sweden) were trained to run the treatment. CPC-CBT is a 16-session programme where children and parents receive treatment in parallel groups and joint family sessions. A pilot study, with pre and post measures for both children and parents, was carried out to evaluate the treatment effects (18 families, 26 adults and 25 children). Significantly decreased symptoms of depression among parents, less use of violent parenting strategies and less inconsistent parenting were reported after treatment. Children initially reported high levels of traumatic experiences and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. After treatment, trauma symptoms and depression among children were significantly reduced. Children also reported that parents used significantly less violence and increased positive parenting strategies after completion of the treatment. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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17.
  • Kjellgren, Cecilia, 1951-, et al. (författare)
  • Implementering av en strukturerad behandlingsmodell vid barnmisshandel  – ett tioårsperspektiv
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - : Stiftelsen Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X .- 2000-4192. ; 94:4, s. 457-466, 476
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • För tio år sedan introducerades en evidensbaserad behandlingsmodell vid barnmisshandel i Sverige och en omfattande implementeringsprocess inleddes. Behandlingsmodellen KIBB (CPC-CBT, Combined Parent Child-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) introducerades som ett bottom-up initiativ från socialt arbete. Implementeringen kan beskrivas utifrån faserna behovsinventering, installation av metoden, metoden börjar användas och vidmakthållande av metoden. Fyra team utbildades inledningsvis och lovande resultat av behandlingen identifierades i en pilotstudie. Fortsatt implementering pågår och ytterligare ett hundratal behandlare har utbildats i metoden. Mer än tusen familjer har hittills fått del av behandlingen. I pågående studier undersöks behandlingseffekter och barns upplevelser av behandlingsinterventionen. Erfarenheter från implementeringsprocessen liksom remitterande socialsekreterares uppfattningar om behandlingsprogrammet presenteras i artikeln. Erfarenheterna från tio års implementering diskuteras, där såväl hinder som framgångsfaktorer i implementeringsprocessen identifierats.
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18.
  • Kjellgren, Ceclia, et al. (författare)
  • Implementering av en strukuterad behandlingsmetod vid barnmisshandel-ett tioårsperspektiv
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X .- 2000-4192. ; 4, s. 457-476
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ten years ago an evidence based treatment model for families where phy-sical abuse had occurred (CPC-CBT, Combined Parent Child-Cognitive Be-havioral Therapy) was introduced in Sweden. The project was a bottom-up project initiated by social workers. Four teams were initially trained and pro-mising results by treatment follow-up were identified in a pilot study. Further implementation started and so far additional hundred therapists has been trained in the model. More than thousand families have completed treat-ment. Ongoing research examines treatment effects as well as experiences among children who have received treatment. Experiences of referring so-cial workers as well as the process of implementation are reported in this pa-per. Findings are discussed, obstacles as well as supportive factors during the implementation process
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19.
  • Lejoonclou, Annika, et al. (författare)
  • Variants of Potentially Traumatizing Life Events in Eating Disorder patients
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Psychological Trauma. - Washington, DC United States : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1942-9681 .- 1942-969X. ; 6:6, s. 661-667
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although many studies have found associations between trauma and eating disorders, it is important to study associations between the whole spectrum of potentially traumatic experiences and eating disorders. This study examined to what extent noninterpersonal traumas, interpersonal traumas, and adverse childhood circumstances were reported in a sample of patients with eating disorders, comparing this with ratings in a nonclinical group. Differences in trauma experiences between the different eating disorder diagnosis groups were assessed, and associations between trauma experiences and the reported severity of eating disturbance were analyzed. Fifty patients with eating disorders and a group of adolescent girls and young women (N = 245) without known psychological problems completed a self-report trauma-history questionnaire: the Linköping Youth Life Experience Scale. The eating disorder group also answered the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. For several specific traumas, the eating disorder group had experienced a significantly larger number of potentially traumatizing events. With regard to the number of different traumas, the results were more equivocal; more experiences of adverse childhood circumstances and repeated traumas were reported in the eating disorder group, but more noninterpersonal traumas were reported in the nonclinical group. The number of adverse childhood experiences and repeated traumas was associated with the presence of eating disorders in outpatient adolescents and young women. The frequency and type of potentially traumatizing events need to be clearly assessed for these patients, placing particular focus on repeated traumas. Treatment may be improved through a focus on traumatic experiences in order to resolve the eating problems.
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20.
  • Lunetta, Kathryn L., et al. (författare)
  • Rare coding variants and X-linked loci associated with age at menarche
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • More than 100 loci have been identified for age at menarche by genome-wide association studies; however, collectively these explain only similar to 3% of the trait variance. Here we test two overlooked sources of variation in 192,974 European ancestry women: low-frequency proteincoding variants and X-chromosome variants. Five missense/nonsense variants (in ALMS1/LAMB2/TNRC6A/TACR3/PRKAG1) are associated with age at menarche (minor allele frequencies 0.08-4.6%; effect sizes 0.08-1.25 years per allele; P<5 x 10(-8)). In addition, we identify common X-chromosome loci at IGSF1 (rs762080, P = 9.4 x 10(-13)) and FAAH2 (rs5914101, P = 4.9 x 10(-10)). Highlighted genes implicate cellular energy homeostasis, post-transcriptional gene silencing and fatty-acid amide signalling. A frequently reported mutation in TACR3 for idiopathic hypogonatrophic hypogonadism (p.W275X) is associated with 1.25-year-later menarche (P = 2.8 x 10(-11)), illustrating the utility of population studies to estimate the penetrance of reportedly pathogenic mutations. Collectively, these novel variants explain similar to 0.5% variance, indicating that these overlooked sources of variation do not substantially explain the 'missing heritability' of this complex trait.
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21.
  • Mauritzson, Margareta, et al. (författare)
  • The Fog Is Lifting; Veils of Mist Come and Go : An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Six Women Recovering From Pathological Dissociation
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 30:1, s. 45-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to illuminate experiences of the process of recovering from pathological dissociation. The study used data from interviews with six female participants diagnosed with pathological dissociative disturbances. All the women had a history of having been sexually abused. Data were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Two main themes emerged in the analysis: social and relational change and self in movement. The themes mirror the interplay in the recovery process that took place both intrapsychically and with regard to the relational interplay between self and other significant people. The recovery process was dependent on an incipient sense of security in relational interaction, and this process was hindered by insecurity and ambivalence in relationships. Each patient’s relationship with her therapist also played a crucial role for the participants.
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22.
  • Mersmann, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Towards proteome scale antibody selections using phage display
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: NEW BIOTECHNOL. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-6784 .- 1876-4347. ; 27:2, s. 118-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In vitro antibody generation by panning a large universal gene library with phage display was employed to generate antibodies to more than 60 different antigens. Of particular interest was a comparison of pannings on 20 different SH2 domains provided by the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC). Streamlined methods for high throughput antibody generation developed within the 'Antibody Factory' of the German National Genome Research Network (NGFN) were demonstrated to minimise effort and provide a reliable and robust source for antibodies. For the SH2 domains, in two successive series of selections, 2668 clones were analysed, resulting in 347 primary hits in ELISA. Half of these hits were further analysed, and more than 90 different scFv antibodies to all antigens were identified. The validation of selected antibodies by cross-reactivity ELISA, western blot and on protein microarrays demonstrated the versatility of the in vitro antibody selection pipeline to generate a renewable resource of highly specific monoclonal binders in proteome scale numbers with substantially reduced effort and time.
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23.
  • Michel, Per-Olof (författare)
  • Psykotraumatologi
  • 2018. - 3
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Människosläktet har genom årtusenden exponerats för olyckor och naturkatastrofer. Transportolyckor och andra tekniska katastrofer, krig och flyktingtrauman, terrorhändelser liksom interpersonellt våld och traumatiska övergrepp under uppväxten kan utgöra påfrestningar under människors liv samt leda till svåra hälsoeffekter.Denna tredje upplaga av Psykotraumatologi riktar sitt fokus mot den utveckling som skett under senaste decenniet när det gäller forskningen inom området. Sålunda beskrivs hur människor reagerar på hot och på faktorer som både kan öka risken för och motverka utvecklingen av traumatisk stress. Komplicerade sorgereaktioner och traumarelaterade tillstånd beskrivs ingående både när det gäller barn och vuxna. Vidare är avsnitten om neurobiologi, krisstöd i akutfas och behandling uppdaterade.Syftet med Psykotraumatologi är att utgöra en samlad kunskapskälla för den som behöver det i sin utbildning och fortbildning. På så sätt kan alla som i sin profession kommer i kontakt med potentiellt traumatiserade individer, till exempel inom hälso- och sjukvården, skolväsendet samt inom kommunernas socialtjänst ha nytta av boken.
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24.
  • Michel, Per-Olof, et al. (författare)
  • Psykotraumatologi
  • 2010. - 2:1
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
25.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Acute stress among adolescents and female rape victims measured by ASC-Kids : A pilot study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 69:7, s. 539-545
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Rape is considered a stressful trauma and often with durable consequences. How the aftermath of rape is for young adolescents' girls considering acute stress is an overlooked field and remains to be studied. Aims: In this study, we wanted to investigate acute stress among adolescent victims of rape and the psychometric properties of the Acute Stress Checklist for Children (ASC-Kids). Methods: A clinical sample (n = 79) of raped girls, 13 - 17 years old who had turned to a special rape victim unit for treatment, answered the ASC-Kids. ASC-Kids was also given to a group of minor stressed, non-raped adolescents in the same age range (n = 154) together with the University of California at Los Angeles Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA PTSD RI), and the Sense of Coherence Scale 13 (SOC-13). Results : The scores from the groups were compared and showed significant differences in mean values on all the diagnostic criteria of acute stress disorder. In the clinical group, 36.7% obtained full ASD criteria. ASC-Kids could discriminate well between groups. Cronbach's alpha was found to be excellent, and the correlation between the UCLA PTSD RI and ASC-Kids found to be good; both ASC-Kids and UCLA PTSD RI had a good and moderate negative correlation with SOC-13. Conclusion: Adolescent female rape victims were shown to have a very high level of acute stress, and the ASC-Kids was found to have sound psychometrics and can be a valuable screening instrument to support clinicians in their assessments of an indication of adolescents after potentially stressful events such as rape.
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26.
  • Nilsson, Doris (författare)
  • Bedömningsinstrument
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Vad har du varit med om?. - Vaxholm : Insidan. - 9789198020724 ; , s. 527-
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den här boken vänder sig till alla som i sitt yrke kommer i kontakt med traumatiserade barn och unga, oberoende av vilka diagnoser de eventuellt fått tidigare. Anna Gerge och medförfattare redogör för hur komplex psykisk traumatisering och dissociation kan ta sig uttryck hos barn och unga samt visar hur framgångsrik behandling kan se ut.Sambandet mellan anknytningsskador, inklusive svektraumatisering, och senare traumatiska händelser tydliggörs. Därefter beskrivs diagnostik, generella principer, även riktlinjer, för bedömningssamtal och behandling samt metoderna klinisk hypnos, EMDR och symboldrama.En stor del av boken utgörs av kliniska vinjetter skrivna av psykologer, socionomer och psykoterapeuter. Dessa belyser vikten av ett traumaperspektiv i barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin, liksom inom socialtjänsten och elevhälsan. Flera vinjetter visar att enkel PTSD ofta läker ut snabbt om patienterna erbjuds t ex EMDR-behandling. Vid behandlingsarbete med komplext traumatiserade barn och unga kan - och behöver - olika terapimetoder anpassas. Metoder som bygger på ett tydligt traumaperspektiv, med förståelse för betydelsen av fasspecifikt arbete på relationell grund, kan bidra till en initial stabilisering och reglering. Då kan kvarstående symptom efter försummelse och övergrepp i barndomen, liksom traumatiska upplevelser, som t ex flykt, svår mobbing och våldtäkter, bearbetas och läka ut.Vissa symptom, som t ex nedstämdhet, aggressivitet, koncentrationssvårigheter, självskadebeteende eller missbruk, kan tidigare ha diagnostiserats som något annat än traumarelaterade
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27.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Children who lose a parent suddenly: what kind of assistance do they feel provides relief? : a content analysis study of children and their parents
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Child Care in Practice. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1357-5279 .- 1476-489X. ; 22:2, s. 197-209
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are few studies that have investigated children and adolescents’ own perceptions of early intervention following the death of a parent, and even fewer that focus on children and adolescents who have lost a parent suddenly. The aim of this study was to use interviews to identify what children and the surviving parent perceived to be helpful or unhelpful in terms of the interventions they received when a parent died suddenly. The children and young people in the study had received help from a team whose work involves early intervention for children and adolescents affected by the sudden death of a parent. Fourteen adolescents and 15 parents were interviewed for this purpose. The interview material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results identified one theme (perception of support), two categories (feeling confident and secure; and receiving help to bring about order), and six subcategories (a feeling of being noticed and attended to; a feeling that they knew what they were doing; a feeling of being able to hand over; a feeling of being in a free zone; a feeling of recovery and inner order; and a feeling of clarity and structure).
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28.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Dissociation among Swedish Adolescents and the connection to trauma : An Evaluation of the Swedish version of Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018. ; 194:9, s. 684-689
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), dissociative symptoms among Swedish adolescents, and dissociative symptoms connected to trauma and sexual and physical abuse. A normative group of 400 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years and a clinical group of 20 adolescents with known experienced trauma were given A-DES. A test-retest procedure was conducted with 90 subjects from the normative group. The results showed good reliability, internal consistency and test-retest. Factor analysis in the normative sample (N = 400) resulted in a one factor solution. Correlation between A-DES and other measures of dissociation was high (r = .86). Significant differences for the total sum of A-DES were found in the normative group between adolescents with and without self-reported trauma and between the normative group and the clinical group with known experienced trauma. The Swedish version of A-DES was shown to be a screening instrument with satisfactory psychometric qualities and the capability of capturing dissociative symptoms in adolescents with self-reported trauma as well as clinical cases with identified trauma.
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29.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952- (författare)
  • Dissociativa syndrom
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Psykisk ohälsa. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144131160 ; , s. 247-268
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Dissociation är ett fenomen som i nyare forskning visat sig finnas över hela världen och inte bara i västvärlden. Dissociation kan vara svårupptäckt och förväxlas med psykotiska tillstånd som vissa somatiska sjukdomstillstånd, såsom epilepsi eller förlamning i någon kroppsdel. Det är dock av stor betydelse att kunna identifiera om en person lider av någon form av dissociation eftersom det medför ett stort lidande för den som dissocierar om det förblir oupptäckt. Dessutom riskerar personen att inte få adekvat behandling. Dissociation har i litteraturen beskrivits ända sedan slutet av 1800-talet och uppmärksammades åter i den psykiatriska forskningslitteraturen i mitten på 1980-talet.
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30.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of the Linköping Youth Life experience Scale
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 198:10, s. 768-774
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a newly developed instrument for potentially traumatic life events, the Linköping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES), and determine the benefits of including adverse childhood circumstances (ACCs) as factors in the evaluation. In addition, we wanted to investigate the difference between interpersonal and noninterpersonal traumatic events, the impact of ACCs, and the cumulative effects of these events on self-reported symptoms of dissociation, depression, and anxiety. Adolescents from the normative population (n = 188) answered the questionnaire LYLES and also the Dissociation-Questionnaire-Sweden and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results showed that LYLES was stable, with test-retest r = 0.79 and kappa item per item ranging between k = 0.44 and 1.0. ACCs contributed independently to the explanation of symptoms explaining them better than potentially traumatic events alone, particularly for boys where the impact of ACCs exceeded the impact of events. The conclusions are that LYLES displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and that ACCs seem to be a valuable addition to an instrument to evaluate potentially traumatic events.
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31.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of the Swedish Trauma Symptom Inventory-2 in a clinical and a student population
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-7499. ; 2:2, s. 71-82
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction The Trauma Symptom Inventory-2 (TSI-2) is a broad-spectrum assessment instrument designed to identify symptoms that can appear in the aftermath of potentially traumatic experiences.Objective This study aimed to evaluate the external and internal validity of this newly reconstructed instrument.Method In total, 696 individuals participated in the study, including 83 psychiatric outpatients. Participants answered the TSI-2, together with a trauma history questionnaire, and other questionnaires assumed to correlate with the different scales included in the TSI-2.Results Validity was evaluated by correlations between the TSI-2 and the other instruments and by the differences between clinical and non-clinical populations. Reliability was calculated by testing internal consistency and test-re-test reliability. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed to test the postulated four-factor structure. Cronbach's alpha was found to be good and ranged from α = .77 to .91 and test-retest reliability was strong. Strong to satisfactory correlations were found between the TSI-2 and the other instruments. The student sample scored significantly lower than the clinical group on all clinical scales. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with different cut-off scores.Conclusion Despite the CFA demonstrating a questionably good model of fit, most of the scales proved to be sound and the TSI-2 could be recommended as a broad-spectrum assessment instrument.
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32.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of the Swedish version of Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q), Dis-Q-Sweden, Among Adolescents
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. - 1529-9732 .- 1529-9740. ; 7:3, s. 65-89
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Dissociation Questionnaire in a normative adolescent population and also to investigate dissociative symptoms associated with trauma including sexual and physical abuse. A normative sample of 449 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 and a clinical group of 74 adolescents with known experiences of trauma, sexual and/or physical abuse was given Dis-Q-Sweden. A mixed group of 22 abused and non-abused adolescents who answered Dis-Q-Sweden was also interviewed by using the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D). A test-retest procedure was conducted with 90 subjects from the normative group. The results showed good reliability concerning both internal consistency and test-retest stability. Validity was tested in several ways (criterion, predictive, construct and concurrent) and found to be satisfactory. Significant differences for the total sum scores of Dis-Q-Sweden were found between the normative group and the clinical group with known sexual abuse (p < 0.001). The prevalence of dissociative symptoms (cut-off score > 2.5) was 2.3% in the normative group and 50% in the clinical group. Dis-Q-Sweden has proven to be a screening instrument with good psychometric properties and has proven to be able to capture dissociative symptoms in adolescents with self-reported trauma and known trauma (sexual abuse).
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33.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Kunskapsöversikt om försummelse
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Syftet med den här kunskapsöversikten har varit att få en överblick och fördjupad kunskap om det aktuella forskningsläget när det gäller försummelse av barn. Försummelse kan i huvudsak delas upp i fysisk försummelse, emotionell försummelse, medicinsk försummelse, försummelse av psykisk hälsa och utbildningsmässig försummelse. Forskningen tar ofta stsin utgångspunkt från Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) definition av försummelse. För att nå målet med kunskapsöversikten har vi i Linköpings Universitetsbibliotek olika databaser sökt fram översiktsartiklar och metaanalyser där ordet försummelse (engelskans neglect) funnits med. Vi fann 433 artiklar i databaserna. När dubbletter och forskning som inte handlade specifikt om försummelse var exkluderade omfattade kunskapsöversikten 13 artiklar. De teoretiska modeller som man i översikterna och metaanalyserna använder sig av för att förstå resultaten är de ekologiska modellerna. De sätter in försummelse i ett helhetsperspektiv och i process alltifrån individ till samhälle. Sammanfattningsvis framkommer att försummelse är ett globalt problem som medför stora kostnader för både den enskilde och samhället. Prevalensen befanns i normalpopulation ligga på mellan sexton och tjugosex procent, medan prevalensen i kliniska grupper är betydligt högre. Det har stor betydelse vem som rapporterar om försummelse. Självrapporterad försummelse är fem gånger högre än när myndigheter rapporterar. Beroende på vilket mätinstrument och vilken population som använts i forskningen så kan mycket olika prevalenssiffror visa sig. Forskningen visar också att försummelse tycks starkt förknippad med bland annat depression, en av våra vanligaste folksjukdomar. Riskfaktorer kan finnas på samtliga nivåer avseende de ekologiska modellerna. En stor riskfaktor är att vara ett litet barn, och den forskningsom vi har gått igenom visar att faktorer som involverar relationen föräldrar-barn också är en av de största riskfaktorerna. Vi fann att de största riskfaktorerna finns i mikrosystemet. Försummelse är mer vanligt i låginkomstländer än i höginkomstländer. De flesta studierna lyfter fram vikten av prevention, dock framkommer att många av de studier som visar på effektiva preventiva program är utförda i glest befolkade delar av världen. De preventiva program som finns är oftast av familje- och föräldraskapsstödjande karaktär.Således kan man utifrån den här kunskapsöversikten förstå försummelse som ett viktigt område att lyfta fram i forskningen, att det är ett globalt problem, och att konsekvenserna av försummelse är kostsamma för både den enskilde och för samhället. Mer forskning behövs – framförallt när det gäller att utveckla preventiva program som kan identifiera försummelse och fastställa lämpliga åtgärder, både på samhälls- och familjenivå. I Sverige skulle kunskap kunna utvecklas på barnavårdscentralerna i samarbete med socialtjänsten.
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34.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Kunskapsöversikt om stöd och behandling för barn som utsatts för sexuella övergrepp och fysisk misshandel
  • 2017
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna översikt är inte vad man brukar kalla en systematisk litteraturöversikt utan en översikt i huvudsak baserad på tidigare kunskapsöversikter och metaanalyser. Det innebar att enstaka artiklar och studier kan ha förbisetts beroende på de sökord som har använts i de olika översiktsartiklarna och metaanalyserna. Vi har dock så långt det är möjligt letat i andra sammanställningar och organisationers hemsidor för att minimera risken för att viktiga instrument och evidensbaserade interventioner missats.Det som framkommit i denna kunskapsöversikt är att när något barn eller ungdom varit utsatt för ett trauma så är det viktigt att det tidigt finns ett gott omhändertagande för att lindra och om möjligt förhindra en negativ utveckling av den psykiska hälsan som följd av att ha varit utsatt för ett potentiellt trauma. I vissa fall och kanske framförallt när det gäller potentiella trauman som inte innehåller våld eller sexuella övergrepp kan det kanske räcka med en kortare men evidensbaserad tidig intervention. Forskning visar att det för ungefär hälften av de traumatiserade barnen sker en spontanläkning de första tre månaderna av posttraumatisk stress, för att sedan plana ut, men att det efter 6 månader inte längre är troligt att symtomen försvinner utan intervention (Hiller et al., 2016).Genom screening och annan bedömning bör man kunna avgöra om barnet eller ungdomen behöver någon ytterligare behandling, förslagsvis då en av de evidensbaserade behandlingar som finns, och vid mer komplex traumatisering en behandling anpassad för detta ändamål.Det är dock viktigt att betona att en del barn och ungdomar kan behöva behandling omedelbart, till exempel när allvarliga symtom utvecklas snabbt. Observera också att tidsintervallet inom 4 veckor avser tid efter traumahändelsen, inte tid efter avslöjande eller anmälan. Våld och sexuella övergrepp består inte sällan av många händelser över tid. Utsatta barn berättar ofta att de utsatts en lång tid efteråt. Vid avslöjandet kan de redan ha utvecklat symtom som kräver behandling direkt.För att kunna ge rätt insats/behandling, både tidigt och senare, efter ett eller flera potentiella trauman, är det viktigt med validerade mätinstrument för screening av traumaerfarenheter och symtom, men även för bedömning av mer allvarlig problematik/diagnoser. Detta är något som framkommit mycket tydligt under arbetet med denna kunskapsöversikt. Då det många gånger är psykologiska begrepp och symtom som inte så lätt låter sig identifieras, operationaliserar man det man vill mäta med frågor som besvaras av den som berörs. Man försöker identifiera hur en person mår, vilka symtom den har etc. genom ett frågeformulär som används regelbundet bland t.ex. barn och ungdomar. Efter att ha studerat formulärets kvaliteter (att det mäter vad det utger sig för att mäta och att det är stabilt över tid) har man utvecklat ett standardiserat instrument för att mäta ett visst symtom. Det är i detta sammanhang också viktigt att påpeka att de mätinstrument man använder även är undersökta i det land de används.Sammanfattning av BedömningsinstrumentI denna översikt finns såväl skattnings- och bedömningsinstrument som mäter förekomsten av trauma som instrument som mäter symtom och beteendeproblem som kan förknippas med traumatiska händelser. Instrumenten kan vara i form av intervjuer, mer eller mindre kliniska/diagnostiska eller utformade som självsvarsformulär.Barn och unga är givetvis en viktig källa då det gäller information omkring deras egna erfarenheter och posttraumatiska reaktioner och de rapporterar sina erfarenheter (Bernstein et al., 1997) och sina symtom tillförlitligt (Hamby, Finkelhor, Ormod & Turner, 2005). Dessutom rapporterar de mer symtom än vad andra gör å deras vägnar (Nader, 2008). Då det gäller överensstämmelsen mellan hur olika informanter rapporterar barns erfarenhet av potentiellt traumatiska händelser så har den visat sig inte vara särskilt god (Tingskull, Svedin, Agnafors, deKeyser, Sydsjö & Nilsson, 2013) varför vi med ledning av ovanstående rekommenderar att använda självsvarsformulär för de barn och ungdomar som själva kan hantera dessa.När det gäller att screena för erfarenheter av potentiellt traumatiska händelser traumaformulär så kan man välja att använda kortare formulär som på så sätt tidsmässigt är lättare att administrera (LITE, LYLES) eller längre och mer omfattande formulär som JVQ som ger en mer allsidig bild av barnets utsatthet. För mindre barn finns då föräldraversioner av såväl LITE som LYLES.Symtomformulär finns med olika inriktning och i huvudsak ser vi översatta formulär som mäter akut stress, symtom relaterade till traumaupplevelser, som posttraumatiskt stressyndrom samt formulär som mäter dissociativa symtom. Här finns flera att välja på men det som är mest allsidigt och mest använt i Sverige är TSCC och TSCYC vars nackdelar är att de inte är fria att användas utan kostnad och behörighet. För akut stress finns ASC-kids. Beträffande dissociation så finns flera formulär att välja på men tre som är relativt lättadministrerade är Dis-Q-Sweden (självsvar), CDC (föräldrasvar) samt SDQ-20 vid misstanke om somatoform dissociation.Vid behov av vidare diagnostik finns en rad kliniska standardiserade intervjuer men där kanske K-SADS-PL eller M.I.N.I. KID är de mest använda i klinisk praxis med barn och ungdomar.För forskning så är det också angeläget att använda internationellt erkända formulär om man vill jämföra traumaförekomst eller symtom efter potentiellt traumatiska upplevelser med undersökningar från andra länder.För framtiden ser vi behov av att fler instrument översätts till andra språk då Sverige idag är ett multikulturellt samhälle med stort inflöde av unga människor med annan språklig bakgrund, traumatiska erfarenheter samt traumarelaterade symtom. Det finns också behov av att översätta eller utveckla ett kortare kombinerat instrument för screening av såväl traumahistoria som symtom.Sammanfattning av tidig interventionAtt tidigt kunna ge stöd och hjälp vid upplevda potentiella trauman såväl naturkatastrofer, trafikolyckor som vid våld och sexuella övergrepp måste anses som viktigt.Att kunna identifiera barn som riskerar att utveckla posttraumatisk stress kan spela en viktig roll när det gäller att minska risken för att utveckla kvarstående svårigheter efter potentiellt traumatiska händelser. Detta är något som framkommer i alla dessa studier. Ingen studie rapporterar skadlig inverkan vid de tidiga interventionerna. Således hittar man positiva tendenser även om inte man inte alltid får signifikanta symtomreduktioner när det gäller posttraumatisk stress. De flesta av studierna har interventioner som bara är en gång, vissa 1–2 och ibland endast en information via webben och en broschyr. Den intervention som framstår som den mest välgjorda studien var metoden Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) (metoden beskrivs i kapitlet om tidig intervention) som visade på bäst resultat med signifikant symtomreduktion på flera utfallsmått och även posttraumatisk stress efter 4 sessioner. Denna metod har även i en icke randomiserad studie (n=114, 5-8 sessioner) vid för- och eftermätning visat på signifikanta resultat och metoden är också bedömd av CEBC som ha ett lovande vetenskapligt stöd (nivå 3).Det som i denna kunskapsöversikt samstämmigt framkommit i alla studierna är att screena för risk samt ge psykoedukation om trauma och hur man kan reagera efter en traumatisk händelse samt information om vad som kommer att ske.De svagheter vi kan se är att i stort sett inga interventioner vänder sig till barn under 6–7 års ålder samt att de flesta interventioner vänder sig till barn som varit utsatt för kroppsligt trauma såsom bilolyckor. Få vänder sig till barn som upplevt interpersonella trauman.För framtiden ser vi ett behov av att i Sverige utvärdera och implementera såväl CFTSI som den modell ”Efter barnförhöret” som utvecklats av Elfström, Landberg och Olofsson (2017).Sammanfattning av BehandlingDet framkommer tydligt från studierna i denna kunskapsöversikt att psykologiska behandlingar för barn och ungdom som exponerats för potentiella trauman hjälper. De hjälper för barn och ungdomar som varit utsatt för våld och eller sexuella övergrepp. Det finns också flera studier som visar att det är viktigt att också välja behandling utefter barnets erfarenheter, behov och förutsättningar såsom ålder, typ av övergrepp/trauma, vad man söker för och vilket problem man tycker att man har. De komponenter som förkommer i alla de behandlingar som visar på stark evidens är: Psykoedukation om trauma och prevalens, och vad trauma kan få för inverkan (impact) och om behandlingen; träning i känsloregleringsstrategier (t.ex. avslappning, identifikation av känslor, kognitiv koping, imaginär exponering, in vivo exponering, kognitivt processande och problemlösning).Av den ovanstående genomgången blir det tydligt att det också finns mer evidens för vissa behandlingar än andra ibland beroende på att det finns fler studier av en viss sorts behandling och färre eller mycket små av en annan typ.Det finns i dagsläget ett mycket starkt stöd för TF-KBT baserat på minst 17 randomiserade studier som styrker TF-KBT:s effektivitet. Behandlingen har kortfattat beskrivits i detta dokument. Dock ska man beakta att TF-KBT vänder sig till barn som fyllt 6 år och som har ett bättre utvecklat språk och har större kognitiva förmågor än yngre barn. När det gäller yngre barn (under 6 år) så bör leken få en större plats. Child and Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) är en behandling som visat sig vara troligen effektiv. Även denna behandling är kortfatta
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35.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Lifetime Polytraumatization in Adolescence and Being a Victim of Bullying
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 200:11, s. 954-961
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purposes of this study were to examine the mental health consequences of having been a victim of bullying and to investigate whether the impact of bullying was dependent on the co-occurrence of other potentially traumatic events, noninterpersonal traumas, interpersonal traumas, as well as adverse childhood circumstances. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanA community sample of participants (n = 462; 216 males and 246 females) aged 15 to 20 years completed the self-administered Linkopings Youth Life Experience Scale about lifetime exposure to a range of traumatic and other adverse events and circumstances and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The results showed that those who reported being a victim of bullying reported significantly higher scores on all TSCC clinical scales as well as significantly more other traumatic and adverse family exposures. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the impact of bullying on mental health was explained, to a considerable degree, by the accumulation of other adverse and traumatic exposures, particularly in the females.
  •  
36.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Polytraumatization and Trauma Symptoms in Adolescent Boys and Girls: Interpersonal and Noninterpersonal Events and Moderating Effects of Adverse Family Circumstances
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 27:13, s. 2645-2664
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative effect of interpersonal and noninterpersonal traumatic life events (IPEs and nIPEs, respectively) on the mental health of adolescents and to determine if the adverse impacts of trauma were moderated by adverse family circumstances (AFC). Adolescents (mean age 16.7 years) from the normative population (n = 462) completed the questionnaire, the Linkoping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES), together with Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The lifetime accumulation of interpersonal, noninterpersonal, and AFC was independently related to trauma-related symptoms in both boys and girls. The number of AFCs moderated the mental health impact of both IPEs and nIPEs in boys but not in girls. Cumulative exposure to both interpersonal and noninterpersonal traumatic events is important for the mental health of adolescents, and, at least for boys, family circumstances seem to be relevant for the impact of trauma. Our results suggest that broader approaches to the study, prevention, and treatment of trauma, including consideration of cumulative exposure, different types of trauma, and additional social risk factors, could be fruitful.
  •  
37.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Polytraumatization in an adult national sample and its association with psychological distress and self-esteem
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279. ; 5:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of self-reported experiences of potential childhood traumas and polytraumatization, and to find cut-off values for different kinds of potential traumatic events in a national representative sample of adults in Sweden. In addition, to analyse the association between polytraumatization and both psychological distress and global self-esteem. Method: A web-based survey - containing SCL-25 and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Linkoping Difficult Life Events Scale - Adult - was sent out to a nationally reprative sample and 5062 people chose to participate in the study. Results: Results showed that almost everyone (97%) has experienced at least one potential traumatic event and that polytraumatization (the 10% of the participants with most reported traumas) was significantly (Z=12.57, P<0.001, r=0.18) associated with psychological distress and global self-esteem. Gender differences were significant (Z=8.44, P<0.001, r=0.12), in that men experience more noninterpersonal traumas but women report more symptoms. The effect sizes regarding the impact of potential trauma on self-esteem were largest for women with experience of polytraumatization in the age group 18-25 (r=0.48). There was almost linear increase in psychological distress and linear decrease in self-esteem with increasing number of traumatic events experienced. Conclusion: Experience of polytrauma can be considered an important factor to take into account in psychiatric settings as well.
  •  
38.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Psychoform and somatoform dissociation among children and adolescents : An evaluation of a new short screening instrument for dissociation, DSQ-12
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. - : Elsevier. - 2468-7499. ; 3:4, s. 213-220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IntroductionToday's assessment instruments for dissociation among adolescents are either relatively extensive or are specifically designed to identify either psychoform or somatoform dissociation.ObjectiveA questionnaire that is shorter than any of the existing questionnaires and is concerned with both forms of dissociation would be helpful for both clinicians and researchers.MethodExisting data from 462 adolescents who had answered Dis-Q Sweden and SDQ-20 were used to create a new questionnaire consisting of 12 items. A pilot study with 42 participants 15-19 years old, was carried out to test this new instrument, Dissociation Screening Questionnaire 12 (DSQ-12). DSQ-12 was then tested on 451 adolescents 10 to 20 years old. A matched clinical group of 25 adolescents in the same age range was used, in order to test the classification performance of DSQ-12.ResultsResults showed good reliability, convergent and construct validity was satisfactory, and dissociation differed between age groups as well as between genders.ConclusionsConclusions are that the developed DSQ-12 performed well psychometrically, was reliable and valid. DSQ-12 is easy to answer and is suitable for clinical screening purposes and future research.
  •  
39.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Psychoform and somatoform dissociation among individuals with eating disorders
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 74:1, s. 1-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: This study analyzed the prevalence of psychoform and somatoform dissociation among individuals with the whole spectrum of eating disorder diagnoses and compared it with ratings from a non-clinical group. The relationship between dissociation and severity of eating disturbance was examined as well as differences between the eating disorder diagnosis groups in extent of dissociation. The validity of a new structural dissociation interview suitable for eating disorder patients was analyzed.Method: Sixty individuals with eating disorder completed three self-report questionnaires: Dissociation Questionnaire Sweden, Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. The ratings were compared with the scores in a female non-clinical group (N = 245). Twenty patients with eating disorder diagnoses were interviewed with the Interview for Dissociative Disorders and Trauma Related Symptoms. The validity of the interview was tested by comparing the ratings on the interview subscales with the scores on the Dissociation questionnaires and the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire.Results: Participants with eating disorders reported a higher extent of both psychoform and somatoform dissociation compared with the non-clinical individuals. Analyses also showed a correlation between degree of dissociation and severity of eating disorder symptoms. No differences in dissociation were found between the ED subgroups. Participants reporting more dissociation got higher ratings on the interview, indicating convergent validity.Discussion: Eating disorders seem to be associated with presence and severity of dissociative symptoms. The extent of dissociation needs to be assessed for these individuals as treatment may benefit from a focus on such symptoms in order to increase its effect.
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40.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Psychometric properties of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) in a sample of Swedish adolescents
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The importance of resilience, and interest in it, has increased markedly in recent years, based on the need to understand why some children and young people have a resilience to stress that others lack. At the same time, there has been a lack of instruments to measure resilience. The aim of this study was to translate the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) into Swedish and investigate the psychometrics of this Swedish version.METHODS: A normative sample of 616 students aged 15-17 was recruited through the school system in five different communities. Students filled out a digitalised composite form consisting of ARQ and three other standardised questionnaires, the Sense of Coherence Scale-13 (Soc-13), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ).RESULTS: The ARQ, with five domains and twelve subscales, showed good alpha coefficients α = .95 for the total scale and subscales ranging between α = .70 to .91, except for the subscales Emotional insight (α = 0.69) and Empathy/Tolerance (α = .61). The convergent validity, which was tested for the first time in this study, was good, especially with the Internal Domain for both SOC-13 and RSES. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a satisfactory construct validity. Finally, some gender differences were seen, with boys scoring higher on the total ARQ scale.CONCLUSION: The study shows that the Swedish translation of ARQ has satisfactory psychometric properties. The ARQ could therefore be used as a tool for adolescents when evaluating the importance of resilience.
  •  
41.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) in a sample of Swedish children
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 75:4, s. 247-256
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometrics of the Swedish version of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS). This was to obtain access to an international instrument to identify symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents according to the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5).METHOD: A total of 591 young Swedish schoolchildren aged 13-17 years old were given the CATS together with the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), and the Linköping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES-Y). A clinical group of 42 children who had experienced a potential trauma was also given the same questionnaires. Statistical analyses were carried out for the purpose of reliability, different kinds of validity, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) concerning the construct of the CATS.RESULTS: The CATS showed good internal consistency on all four subscales from α = 0.73-0.89 and moderate stability (intra class correlation [ICC] = 0.57-68). The four-factor model for PTSD indicated good fit, reliability, and convergent validity. The CATS correlated strongly with the PTSD subscale on the TSCC (r = 0.82) and there were significant differences between the nonclinical and clinical groups.CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the Swedish translation of CATS has satisfactory psychometric properties, including acceptable sensitivity and specificity. The CATS could therefore be used as a screening tool both outside and within a clinical setting.
  •  
42.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Resilience in Swedish adolescents : Does resilience moderate the relationship between trauma experience and trauma symptoms?
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Psychological Trauma. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1942-9681 .- 1942-969X. ; 15 (Suppl 1), s. S125-S134
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Research shows child abuse to be devastating for psychological health, but children and adolescents display varying reactions from maltreatment. Resilience is known as a protective factor, but sparse research is conducted on adolescents or assess resilience with consideration of ecological theories. Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) was developed to assess the five dimensions: Individual, Family, Peers, School, and Community and covers the broader ecological resilience spectrum.Objective: As resilience is a part of the human being survival system we wanted to investigate if resilience measured with ARQ, could moderate associations between experiences of trauma and trauma symptoms.Method: Six hundred fifty adolescents between 15 and 17 years old were asked to complete the Linkoping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES), the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), and the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ).Result: The results showed that high scores on any dimension of the ARQ were negatively associated with trauma symptoms and that the dimension Peers moderated the effect of trauma symptoms on both interpersonal traumatic events and adverse childhood circumstances for males. The dimension Family moderated the effect of trauma symptoms on noninterpersonal traumatic events for females.Conclusion: Resilience seems to be an important factor when it comes to evaluating posttraumatic symptoms and that different resilience factors have different meanings for different types of traumas as well for boys and girls.
  •  
43.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Self-reported attachment style, trauma exposure and dissociative symptoms among adolescents
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Attachment & Human Development. - Abingdon : Taylor& Francis. - 1461-6734 .- 1469-2988. ; 13:6, s. 579-595
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to analyze whether self-reported attachment style (measuring avoidance and anxiety) among adolescents was associated with dissociative symptoms, in addition to self-reported potentially traumatic experiences. A group consisting of 462 adolescents completed three self-assessment questionnaires: Linkoping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES), Experiences in Close Relationships, modified version (ECR) and Dissociation Questionnaire Sweden (Dis-Q-Sweden). Self-reported attachment style had a stronger association with dissociative symptoms than self reported traumas. It was also found that scores on a dissociation questionnaire correlated strongly with scores on self-reported attachment style in adolescence. Discussion concerns reasons why self-reported attachment style is an important factor that may influence dissociative symptoms during adolescence.
  •  
44.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Self-reported potentially traumatic life events and symptoms of post-traumatic stress and dissociation
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 64:1, s. 19-26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate single potentially traumatic events and cumulative effects of these events based on the reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress and dissociation. An additional goal was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Life Incidence of Traumatic Events—Student scale (LITE-S). Methods: 400 adolescents from the normative population answered the questionnaire Life Incidence of Traumatic Experiences (LITE-S) together with Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), Dissociation-Questionnaire-Sweden (Dis-Q-Sweden) and Adolescent-Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES). The single self-reported traumas, and the cumulative self-reported traumas and their effects on post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative symptoms scales were examined. The psychometric properties of LITE-S were first investigated through calculating, test–retest reliability by Pearson correlation for the total scale and by Cohen's kappa item per item. Results: Self-reported symptoms were related to both the cumulative traumas and exposure to some single traumas, such as seeing somebody get hurt, having parents destroy things or hurting each other, being whipped or hit, or even being made to carry out some kind of sexual act. Interpersonal events were consistently more strongly related to symptoms across the TSCC clinical scales. Finally, test–retest reliability as found to be for the total scale r=0.76 and kappa item per item ranging between k=0.33 and 0.86. Conclusion: The cumulative effects of potentially traumatic events on adolescents are significant, and interpersonal traumas results in more self-reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress and dissociation than non-interpersonal. LITE has satisfactory psychometric properties concerning reliability. Clinical implications: The results underline the importance in clinical practice of taking into consideration how many potentially traumatic events an adolescent has experienced before, seeking help on specific occasion. This knowledge can help the clinician to understand better the breadth of feelings their client is experiencing and thus can help the clinician better to be able to suggest appropriate treatment.
  •  
45.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Somatoform dissociation among Swedish adolescents and young adults : The psychometric properties of the Swedish versions of the SDQ-20 and SDQ-5
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 69:2, s. 152-160
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Somatoform dissociation is supposed to be a vital aspect of the general concept of dissociation. The Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire-20 (SDQ-20) and the brief version SDQ-5 are self-report instruments constructed to identify somatic dissociation. Aim: In the present study, the psychometric qualities of the Swedish version of the SDQ-20 and its brief version, the SDQ-5, were examined among adolescents and young adults. Reliability and concurrent validity were investigated. Methods: A total of 512 adolescents and young adults participated in the study: 461 adolescents from a non-clinical sample and 50 adolescents and young adults from a clinical eating disorder outpatient unit. They completed the self-report instruments the SDQ-20, the SDQ-5 (part of SDQ-20), the Linköping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES, a trauma history scale) and the Dissociation Questionnaire-Sweden (Dis-Q-Sweden). Results: Both internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Swedish version of SDQ-20 were good in both the non-clinical (α = 0.83) and the clinical groups (α = 0.84); the reliability for the SDQ-5 was, however, lower (non-clinical α = 0.50, clinical α = 0.64). Significant differences were found between the clinical and non-clinical groups on both somatoform and psychoform dissociation. Correlations between the Dis-Q-Sweden, SDQ-20 and SDQ-5 were generally high. The criterion and convergent validity was acceptable for both scales but somewhat better for SDQ-20 than for SDQ-5. Conclusion: The advantage with both the SDQ-20 and the SDQ-5 is that they are short questionnaires, but the results suggests that SDQ-20 is preferable based on the higher-quality psychometric properties of the SDQ-20.
  •  
46.
  • Nilsson, Doris, et al. (författare)
  • Symboldrama, a Psychotherapeutic Method for Adolescents with Dissociative and PTSD Symptoms: A Pilot Study
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. - : Haworth Medical Press. - 1529-9732 .- 1529-9740. ; 11:3, s. 308-321
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A total of 15 clinically referred adolescents who had been sexually or physically abused participated in this pilot study of the use of symboldrama psychotherapy. Symboldrama is a psychotherapeutic method that uses imagery as the major psychotherapeutic tool. All adolescents reported to be suffering from a high level of dissociative symptoms and other symptoms such as anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and anger after their traumas. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that symboldrama psychotherapy in addition to psycho-education of the non-offending parent would significantly reduce the reported symptoms. Before treatment, the participants answered three questionnaires: (a) the Life Incidence of Traumatic Events Scale, (b) the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, and (c) the Dissociation Questionnaire-Swedish version. After treatment, the participants once again filled out the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children and the Dissociation Questionnaire-Swedish version. The scores from before and after treatment were compared, and the results showed that the symptoms had been statistically significantly reduced.
  •  
47.
  • Nilsson, Doris (författare)
  • Symbolhantering via symboldrama, psykoterapi och lekterapi med barn och ungdomar med symptom av posttraumatisk stress och dissociation
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Vad har du varit med om?. - Vaxholm : Insidan. - 9789198020724 ; , s. 527-
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den här boken vänder sig till alla som i sitt yrke kommer i kontakt med traumatiserade barn och unga, oberoende av vilka diagnoser de eventuellt fått tidigare. Anna Gerge och medförfattare redogör för hur komplex psykisk traumatisering och dissociation kan ta sig uttryck hos barn och unga samt visar hur framgångsrik behandling kan se ut.Sambandet mellan anknytningsskador, inklusive svektraumatisering, och senare traumatiska händelser tydliggörs. Därefter beskrivs diagnostik, generella principer, även riktlinjer, för bedömningssamtal och behandling samt metoderna klinisk hypnos, EMDR och symboldrama.En stor del av boken utgörs av kliniska vinjetter skrivna av psykologer, socionomer och psykoterapeuter. Dessa belyser vikten av ett traumaperspektiv i barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin, liksom inom socialtjänsten och elevhälsan. Flera vinjetter visar att enkel PTSD ofta läker ut snabbt om patienterna erbjuds t ex EMDR-behandling. Vid behandlingsarbete med komplext traumatiserade barn och unga kan - och behöver - olika terapimetoder anpassas. Metoder som bygger på ett tydligt traumaperspektiv, med förståelse för betydelsen av fasspecifikt arbete på relationell grund, kan bidra till en initial stabilisering och reglering. Då kan kvarstående symptom efter försummelse och övergrepp i barndomen, liksom traumatiska upplevelser, som t ex flykt, svår mobbing och våldtäkter, bearbetas och läka ut.Vissa symptom, som t ex nedstämdhet, aggressivitet, koncentrationssvårigheter, självskadebeteende eller missbruk, kan tidigare ha diagnostiserats som något annat än traumarelaterade
  •  
48.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • The experience of internal and external supporting objects from the perspective of six young women who have lost a parent to cancer : An interpretative phenomenological analyisis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Annals of Psychiatry and Treatment. - 2640-8031. ; 2:(2), s. 24-32
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Adolescents losing a parent are a risk group for future complications in their ongoing live such as higher rate of mortality, self- harm and other mental health problems. There is a lack of knowledge in what, how and when to offer help as well as no concluding theoretical model to understand the whole process of losing a parent. The objective of this study was to examine how the relationships of some young people are affected by the loss of a parent to cancer during their teenage years.Method: Six women aged between 18 and 25 participated in the study. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method was used.Result: The theme of loneliness was cemented with the two main themes, into loneliness and out of loneliness and sub-themes such as, cancer comes along, silence, hold on to and miss, those closest, the supporters, independence, closeness and distance.Conclusion: The parent who has died lives on as an inner object and the support from the remaining parent is viewed very important. The process to be back on track seems diverse and continues for a long time and outside help needs to tune in with this.
  •  
49.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • The psychometric properties of the Trauma Symptom Checklist For Children (TSCC) in a sample of Swedish children
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 32:6, s. 627-636
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) and to study traumatic symptoms in a normative group of Swedish children and adolescents. Method: A normative group of 728 children and adolescents age 10-17 and a clinical group of 91 children and adolescents known to have experienced sexual abuse participated in the study. A test-retest procedure was conducted with 79 participants from the normative group. Results: Good reliability such as internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the total scale .94 (ranging in the clinical scales .78-.83) and test-retest for the total scale r = .81 (ranging in the clinical scales .67-.81) were found. The confirmatory 6-factor analysis explained 50.7% of the variance. Other validity measures such as concurrent validity and criterion related validity were also shown to be satisfactory. The normative sample of Swedish children and adolescents showed lower means on the subscales than has been reported in previous studies from a number of other countries. Conclusion: The Swedish version of TSCC has been shown to be a screening instrument with satisfactory psychometric qualities that is capable to identify trauma symptoms among children and adolescents who have themselves self-reported experiencing trauma or for whom clinicians have identified traumatic experiences. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
50.
  • Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • The psychometric properties of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children in a sample of Swedish children
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. - Järfälla, Sweden : Co-Action Publishing. - 2000-8198 .- 2000-8066. ; 3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC).Method: The study was composed of a total of 629 children—296 girls and 333 boys—aged 3–11, from a non-clinical population who were rated by their caretakers (26 of whom performed a re-test after 2 weeks) in addition to 59 children from a clinical population with known experience of sexual and/or physical abuse. The caretakers from the normal population completed the TSCYC and Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events Scale-parent scale (LITE-P) and the clinical-sample caretakers completed TSCYC. The psychometric properties of the TSCYC were examined, including reliability and validity.Results: The reliability (Cronbach's alpha) of the TSCYC, total scale, was α=0.93 (normative group) and α=0.96 (clinical group). For the clinical scales, this ranged between α=0.55–0.88 and 0.77–0.93, respectively. Test-retest for the total scale was r=0.77. Regarding criterion-related validity, the clinical groups scored significantly higher than the normative group, and within the normative group significant relationships were found between exposure to traumatic events and TSCYC scores. Confirmatory factor analysis testing of the construction of the TSCYC indicated significant loadings on the original scales.Conclusion: The Swedish version of TSCYC appears to be a screening instrument with satisfactory psychometric qualities for identifying symptoms after trauma in young children. The instrument can also be recommended to clinicians for screening purposes in a European context.
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