SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Nilsson Jonna) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Nilsson Jonna)

  • Resultat 1-49 av 49
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  •  
2.
  • Gorcenco, Sorina, et al. (författare)
  • Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome with SAMD9L mutations
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Neurology: Genetics. - 2376-7839. ; 3:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: We describe the neurologic, neuroradiologic, and ophthalmologic phenotype of 1 Swedish and 1 Finnish family with autosomal dominant ataxia-pancytopenia (ATXPC) syndrome and SAMD9L mutations.METHODS: Members of these families with germline SAMD9L c.2956C>T, p.Arg986Cys, or c.2672T>C, p.Ile891Thr mutations underwent structured interviews and neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations. Neuroimaging was performed, and medical records were reviewed. Previous publications on SAMD9L-ATXPC were reviewed.RESULTS: Twelve individuals in both families were affected clinically. All mutation carriers examined had balance impairment, although severity was very variable. All but 1 had nystagmus, and all but 1 had pyramidal tract signs. Neurologic features were generally present from childhood on and progressed slowly. Two adult patients, who experienced increasing clumsiness, glare, and difficulties with gaze fixation, had paracentral retinal dysfunction verified by multifocal electroretinography. Brain MRI showed early, marked cerebellar atrophy in most carriers and variable cerebral periventricular white matter T2 hyperintensities. Two children were treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies, and the neurologic symptoms of one of these worsened after treatment. Three affected individuals had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or cognitive problems. Retinal dysfunction was not previously reported in individuals with ATXPC.CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic phenotype of this syndrome is defined by balance or gait impairment, nystagmus, hyperreflexia in the lower limbs and, frequently, marked cerebellar atrophy. Paracentral retinal dysfunction may contribute to glare, reading problems, and clumsiness. Timely diagnosis of ATXPC is important to address the risk for severe hemorrhage, infection, and hematologic malignancies inherent in this syndrome; regular hematologic follow-up might be beneficial.
  •  
3.
  • Tesi, Bianca, et al. (författare)
  • Gain-of-function SAMD9L mutations cause a syndrome of cytopenia, immunodeficiency, MDS, and neurological symptoms
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Blood. - : AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 129:16, s. 2266-2279
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several monogenic causes of familial myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have recently been identified. We studied 2 families with cytopenia, predisposition to MDS with chromosome 7 aberrations, immunodeficiency, and progressive cerebellar dysfunction. Genetic studies uncovered heterozygous missense mutations in SAMD9L, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome arm 7q. Consistent with a gain-of-function effect, ectopic expression of the 2 identified SAMD9L mutants decreased cell proliferation relative to wild-type protein. Of the 10 individuals identified who were heterozygous for either SAMD9L mutation, 3 developed MDS upon loss of the mutated SAMD9L allele following intracellular infections associated with myeloid, B-, and natural killer (NK)-cell deficiency. Five other individuals, 3 with spontaneously resolved cytopenic episodes in infancy, harbored hematopoietic revertant mosaicism by uniparental disomy of 7q, with loss of the mutated allele or additional in cis SAMD9L truncating mutations. Examination of 1 individual indicated that somatic reversions were postnatally selected. Somatic mutations were tracked to CD34 1 hematopoietic progenitor cell populations, being further enriched in B and NK cells. Stimulation of these cell types with interferon (IFN)-alpha or IFN-gamma induced SAMD9L expression. Clinically, revertant mosaicism was associated with milder disease, yet neurological manifestations persisted in 3 individuals. Two carriers also harbored a rare, in trans germ line SAMD9L missense loss-of-function variant, potentially counteracting the SAMD9L mutation. Our results demonstrate that gain-of-function mutations in the tumor suppressor SAMD9L cause cytopenia, immunodeficiency, variable neurological presentation, and predisposition to MDS with 27/del(7q), whereas hematopoietic revertant mosaicism commonly ameliorated clinical manifestations. The findings suggest a role for SAMD9L in regulating IFN-driven, demand-adapted hematopoiesis.
  •  
4.
  •  
5.
  • Berggren, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Education Does Not Affect Cognitive Decline in Aging : A Bayesian Assessment of the Association Between Education and Change in Cognitive Performance.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9, s. 1138-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Education is positively associated with level of cognitive function but the association between education and rate of cognitive decline remains unresolved, partly for methodological reasons. In this article, we address this issue using linear mixed models and Bayesian hypothesis testing, using data from the Betula cohort-sequential longitudinal study. Our results support the null hypothesis that education does not alter the rate of cognitive decline for visuospatial ability, semantic knowledge, and episodic memory. We propose that education is only a relevant variable for understanding cognitive performance in older age because of the association between performance and education that is formed in early development.
  •  
6.
  • Berggren, Rasmus, et al. (författare)
  • Foreign language learning in older age does not improve memory or intelligence : Evidence from a randomized controlled study.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 35:2, s. 212-219
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Foreign language learning in older age has been proposed as a promising avenue for combatting age-related cognitive decline. We tested this hypothesis in a randomized controlled study in a sample of 160 healthy older participants (aged 65-75 years) who were randomized to 11 weeks of either language learning or relaxation training. Participants in the language learning condition obtained some basic knowledge in the new language (Italian), but between-groups differences in improvements on latent factors of verbal intelligence, spatial intelligence, working memory, item memory, or associative memory were negligible. We argue that this is not due to either poor measurement, low course intensity, or low statistical power, but that basic studies in foreign languages in older age are likely to have no or trivially small effects on cognitive abilities. We place this in the context of the cognitive training and engagement literature and conclude that while foreign language learning may expand the behavioral repertoire, it does little to improve cognitive processing abilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
  •  
7.
  • Bergman, Annika, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide linkage scan for breast cancer susceptibility loci in Swedish hereditary non-BRCA1/2 families : Suggestive linkage to 10q23.32-q25.3
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 46:3, s. 302-309
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The two breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified more than 10 years ago and, depending on population, mutations in these genes are responsible for a varying percentage of familial breast cancer. In more than half the families, the increased risk of breast cancer cannot be explained by mutations in these genes, and the goal of this study was to locate novel susceptibility genes. One of the main difficulties in identifying the cause of hereditary non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer is genetic heterogeneity, possibly due to multiple, incompletely penetrant susceptibility genes, along with ethnic and geographic differences. In this study, one large family and 13 small to medium-sized families with multiple cases of breast cancer were analyzed by genome-wide linkage analysis. The genome scan was performed by genotype analysis of 10,000 SNP markers on microarrays. The strongest evidence of linkage (HLOD 2.34) was obtained on chromosome region 10q23.32-q25.3. A further two regions were identified, with LOD scores above 2.10 on 12q14-q21 and 19p13.3-q12. In a subset of families of western Swedish origin, two regions generated LOD scores exceeding 1.8: 10q23.32-q25.3 and 19q13.12-q13.32. The large family in the study exceeded LOD 1.5 in three regions: 10q23.32-q25.3, 19q13.12-q13.32, and 17p13. Our results indicate that one or more of the suggested regions may harbor genes that are involved in the development of breast cancer. 
  •  
8.
  •  
9.
  • Bojsen-Møller, Emil, 1989- (författare)
  • Movement Behaviors and Cognitive Health for Office Workers
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The lifetime trajectories of movement behavior and cognitive functioning depend on complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. There is substantial evidence suggesting that physical activity benefits cognitive functions. However, how sedentary behavior and the composition of movement behaviors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) influences cognitive functions remains to be elucidated. Observational studies suggest that sedentary time is unfavorably related to cognitive functions in older adults, but the majority of evidence comes from self-reported estimates of movement behavior, which are rather weakly related to device-based measures. Furthermore, while evidence suggests that structured exercise can have protective effects on cognition in inactive older adults, much less is known about how midlife movement behavior is related to cognitive functions. Thus, knowledge of how midlife movement behavior relates to and possibly affects cognitive functions and its underlying mechanisms is much needed. This thesis is part of a larger research project investigating how movement behaviors relate to and influence cognitive function, mental health, and neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning these. The project specifically targets healthy office workers and is co-produced with employers of office workers and health-promoting companies. This thesis aimed to investigate how movement behaviors relate to and influence cognitive functions and neuroplasticity among office workers.The first study investigated cross-sectional relationships between device-measured movement behavior and cognitive functions among 334 office workers. The results revealed no association between total time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity or sedentary behavior and cognitive functions, suggesting that this association may not be as robust as previously suggested in older populations or as inferred from self-report. The second study investigated the extent to which corticospinal excitability is influenced by different movement behaviors. Sixteen sedentary office workers participated in a cross-over randomized controlled trial. We contrasted 3 hours of prolonged sitting with 3 hours of interrupted sitting and 2.5 hours sitting followed by a 25-minute bout of exercise. Acute changes in corticospinal excitability and long-term potentiation-like neuroplasticity were investigated using transcranial magnetic stimulation and paired associative stimulation. Changes in corticospinal excitability over time did not differ between conditions, suggesting that in inactive middle-aged office workers, a physical activity bout or frequently breaking up prolonged sitting does not induce immediate changes in corticospinal excitability or long-term potentiation-like neuroplasticity. The third and fourth studies are based on a 6-month cluster-randomized intervention conducted in 263 healthy office workers. An ecological model for behavior change was used to design two interventions aiming at reducing sedentary behavior or increasing physical activity relative to a passive control group, with the ultimate aim of improving cognitive functions and mental health. The third study investigated how effective each intervention was at changing the 24-hour movement behavior, and the fourth study examined intervention effects on cognitive functions. The results showed that the interventions were ineffective in reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity, respectively, with no detected beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness or cognitive functions relative to the control group. Changes in cognition from baseline to follow-up were not associated with changes in the composition of movement behaviors or cardiorespiratory fitness, but some associations between changes in movement behaviors and cognition were moderated by sex, age, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Thus, the third and fourth studies of the thesis have highlighted the challenges involved in successfully achieving movement behavior change to address the possible effects on cognitive improvements in an ecological setting.In summary, the results presented in this thesis did not provide support for an association between movement behaviors and cognitive functions in healthy physically active office workers, demonstrated no acute effect of a single session of physical activity or breaking up prolonged sitting on corticospinal excitability in sedentary office workers, and revealed no evidence for successful movement behavior change or benefits for cognition in an ecological cluster-randomized intervention in healthy physically active office workers. The findings suggest that among physically active office workers, sedentary behavior may not be as detrimental for cognition and neuroplasticity as previously suggested and shows that changing movement behavior in office workers at the workplace represents a challenging endeavor. Still, these findings do not exclude the possibility that changes in movement behaviors might benefit cognitive functions in physically inactive office workers at higher cardiovascular risk, with lower cardiorespiratory fitness and/or lower daily cognitive stimulation. 
  •  
10.
  • Bojsen-Møller, Emil, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of two multi-component behavior change interventions on cognitive functions.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: We previously reported the effects of two cluster-randomized 6-month multi-component workplace interventions, targeting reducing sedentary behavior or increasing physical activity among office workers, on movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these interventions on cognitive functions compared to a wait-list control group. The secondary aims were to examine if changes in cognition were related to change in cardiorespiratory fitness or movement behaviors and if age, sex, or cardiorespiratory fitness moderated these associations.METHODS: Both interventions encompassed multi-components acting on the individual, environmental, and organizational levels and aimed to change physical activity patterns to improve mental health and cognitive function. Out of 263 included participants, 139 (mean age 43 years, 76% females) completed a neuropsychological test battery and wore accelerometers at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The intervention effect (aim 1) on cognitive composite scores (i.e., Executive Functions, Episodic Memory, Processing Speed, and Global Cognition) was investigated. Additionally, associations between changes in movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness, and changes in cognition were examined (aim 2). Moreover, age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level were investigated as possible moderators of change associations (aim 3).RESULTS: Overall, cognitive performance improved from baseline to follow-up, but the change did not differ between the intervention groups and the control group. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or any movement behavior category did not predict changes in cognitive functions. The association between changes in time in bed and changes in both Executive Function and Global Cognition were moderated by age, such that a more positive relation was seen with increasing age. A less positive association was seen between changes in sedentary behavior and Processing Speed for men vs. women, whereas higher cardiorespiratory fitness was related to a more positive association between changes in moderate-intensity physical activity and Global Cognition.CONCLUSION: The lack of an intervention effect on cognitive functions was expected since the intervention did not change movement behavior or fitness. Age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level might moderate the relationships between movement behaviors and cognitive functions changes.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN92968402 . Registered 09/04/2018.
  •  
11.
  • Brehmer, Yvonne, et al. (författare)
  • The importance of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for associative memory in older adults : A latent structural equation analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 209
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Older adults show relatively minor age-related decline in memory for single items, while their memory for associations is markedly reduced. Inter-individual differences in memory function in older adults are substantial but the neurobiological underpinnings of such differences are not well understood. In particular, the relative importance of inter-individual differences in the medio-temporal lobe (MTL) and the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) for associative and item recognition in older adults is still ambiguous. We therefore aimed to first establish the distinction between inter-individual differences in associative memory (recollection-based) performance and item memory (familiarity-based) performance in older adults and subsequently link these two constructs to differences in cortical thickness in the MTL and lateral PFC regions, in a latent structural equation modelling framework. To this end, a sample of 160 older adults (65-75 years old) performed three intentional itemassociative memory tasks, of which a subsample (n = 72) additionally had cortical thickness measures in MTL and PFC regions of interest available. The results provided support for a distinction between familiarity-based item memory and recollection-based associative memory performance in older adults. Cortical thickness in the ventro-medial prefrontal cortex was positively correlated with associative recognition performance, above and beyond any relationship between item recognition performance and cortical thickness in the same region and between associative recognition performance and brain structure in the MTL (parahippocampus). The findings highlight the relative importance of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in allowing for intentional recollection-based associative memory functioning in older adults.
  •  
12.
  • Craig, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • How does intentionality of encoding affect memory for episodic information?
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1072-0502 .- 1549-5485. ; 23:11, s. 648-659
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Episodic memory enables the detailed and vivid recall of past events, including target and wider contextual information. In this paper, we investigated whether/how encoding intentionality affects the retention of target and contextual episodic information from a novel experience. Healthy adults performed (1) a What-Where-When (WWW) episodic memory task involving the hiding and delayed recall of a number of items (what) in different locations (where) in temporally distinct sessions (when) and (2) unexpected tests probing memory for wider contextual information from the WWW task. Critically, some participants were informed that memory for WWW information would be subsequently probed (intentional group), while this came as a surprise for others (incidental group). The probing of contextual information came as a surprise for all participants. Participants also performed several measures of episodic and nonepisodic cognition from which common episodic and nonepisodic factors were extracted. Memory for target (WWW) and contextual information was superior in the intentional group compared with the incidental group. Memory for target and contextual information was unrelated to factors of nonepisodic cognition, irrespective of encoding intentionality. In addition, memory for target information was unrelated to factors of episodic cognition. However, memory for wider contextual information was related to some factors of episodic cognition, and these relationships differed between the intentional and incidental groups. Our results lead us to propose the hypothesis that intentional encoding of episodic information increases the coherence of the representation of the context in which the episode took place. This hypothesis remains to be tested.
  •  
13.
  • Finkelmeyer, A., et al. (författare)
  • Altered hippocampal function in major depression despite intact structure and resting perfusion
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 46:10, s. 2157-2168
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. Hippocampal volume reductions in major depression have been frequently reported. However, evidence for functional abnormalities in the same region in depression has been less clear. We investigated hippocampal function in depression using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological tasks tapping spatial memory function, with complementing measures of hippocampal volume and resting blood flow to aid interpretation. Method. A total of 20 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a matched group of 20 healthy individuals participated. Participants underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): fMRI during a spatial memory task, and structural MRI and resting blood flow measurements of the hippocampal region using arterial spin labelling. An offline battery of neuropsychological tests, including several measures of spatial memory, was also completed. Results. The fMRI analysis showed significant group differences in bilateral anterior regions of the hippocampus. While control participants showed task-dependent differences in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, depressed patients did not. No group differences were detected with regard to hippocampal volume or resting blood flow. Patients showed reduced performance in several offline neuropsychological measures. All group differences were independent of differences in hippocampal volume and hippocampal blood flow. Conclusions. Functional abnormalities of the hippocampus can be observed in patients with MDD even when the volume and resting perfusion in the same region appear normal. This suggests that changes in hippocampal function can be observed independently of structural abnormalities of the hippocampus in depression.
  •  
14.
  • Freidle, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • No evidence for any effect of multiple sessions of frontal transcranial direct stimulation on mood in healthy older adults
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is part of a network important for emotional regulation and the possibility of modulating activity in this region with transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) to change mood has gained great interest, particularly for application in clinical populations. Whilst results in major depressive disorder have been promising, less is known about the effects of TDCS on mood in non-clinical populations. We hypothesized that multiple sessions of anodal TDCS applied over the left DLPFC would enhance mood, primarily as measured by the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, in healthy older adults. In addition, in an exploratory analysis, we examined the potentially moderating role of working memory training. Working memory, just like emotional regulation, taxes the DLPFC, which suggests that engaging in a working memory task whilst receiving TDCS may have a different effect on activity in this region and consequently mood. A total of 123 participants between 65 and 75 years of age were randomly assigned to receive either 20 sessions of TDCS, with or without working memory training, or 20 sessions sham stimulation, with or without working memory training. We found no support for enhancement of mood due to TDCS in healthy older adults, with or without cognitive training and conclude that the TDCS protocol used is unlikely to improve mood in non-depressed older individuals.
  •  
15.
  • Gallagher, P, et al. (författare)
  • Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in mood disorders : effects on attentional response time distributions.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 45:14, s. 2985-97
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known of the characteristics of response time (RT) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in mood disorders.METHOD: A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 patients with a mood disorder: 86 euthymic BD, 33 depressed BD and 39 medication-free MDD patients. Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each participant. Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the RT distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution).RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all patient samples. Due to minimal changes in average RT, CoV was only increased significantly in BD depressed patients. Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic BD [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in depressed BD. The mu parameter did not differ from controls.CONCLUSIONS: Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of mood disorders. This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional RT distribution parameters between MDD and BD, and BD depression and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.
  •  
16.
  • Hansson, Boel, et al. (författare)
  • Short-term effects experienced during examinations in an actively shielded 7T MR.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Bioelectromagnetics. - : Wiley. - 1521-186X .- 0197-8462. ; 40:4, s. 234-249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this study was to evaluate occurrence and strength of short-term effects experienced by study participants in an actively shielded (AS) 7 tesla (7T) magnetic resonance (MR) scanner, to compare results with earlier reports on passively shielded (PS) 7T MR scanners, and to outline possible healthcare strategies to improve patient compliance. Study participants (n=124) completed a web-based questionnaire directly after being examined in an AS 7T MR (n=154 examinations). Most frequently experienced short-term effects were dizziness (84%) and inconsistent movement (70%), especially while moving into or out of the magnet. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS)-twitching-was experienced in 67% of research examinations and showed a dependence between strength of twitches and recorded predicted PNS values. Of the participants, 74% experienced noise levels as acceptable and the majority experienced body and room temperature as comfortable. Of the study participants, 95% felt well-informed and felt they had had good contact with the staff before the examination. Willingness to undergo a future 7T examination was high (>90%). Our study concludes short-term effects are often experienced during examinations in an AS 7T MR, leaving room for improvement in nursing care strategies to increase patient compliance. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;9999:XX-XX. © 2019 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
  •  
17.
  • It was forever until it was not : bachelor of fine arts 2022
  • 2022
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • The exhibition is the culmination of three years of concentrated study in fine arts and presents a wide range of ideas and expressions. Building on their specific interests and personalities, these artists have developed works that reflect the present and the diversity represented by art in society today.The exhibition presents degree projects by students from the fine arts undergraduate programme at Umeå University's Academy of Fine Arts: Amira Al-Rayes, Juni Liv Uma, Ida Boman, Josefine Borgström, Simon H. Danielsson, Jonna Iversen, William Jernberg, Miranda Monauti, Viktor Nilsson, Kajsa Poidnak, Janina Renström, Moa Ryman, Savannah Sundström, and Catja Tonberg.
  •  
18.
  • Karlsson, Christofer M. G., et al. (författare)
  • Metatranscriptomic analysis uncovers divergent responses of Baltic Sea bacteria to forest and agriculture river loadings
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Climate change is predicted to induce substantial changes in precipitation patterns across the globe. In Northern Europe, precipitation is expected to increase more than the global average (particularly in northern Scandinavia), causing increased river runoff. The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish environments on earth with a catchment area that spans 14 countries, encompassing primarily forested areas and agricultural landscapes. Despite the acknowledged role of marine bacteria in nutrient cycling, there is a lack of knowledge in their metabolic responses to inorganic and organic nutrient loading from riverine runoff. We investigated the bacterial growth and gene expression responses in a mesocosm experiment in which river water from boreal forest- (enriched in humic substances) or agriculture- influenced catchment areas were added to Baltic Sea Proper water. The riverine nutrient input triggered extensive phytoplankton blooms and bacterial growth, most notably in the agriculture river treatment. Interestingly, bacterial gene expression analysis (metatranscriptomics) showed similar responses to agriculture and humic river inputs at the start of the experiment (before the phytoplankton bloom), but expression patterns diverged significantly upon bloom senescence.Notably, transcripts associated with phosphate metabolism were significantly enriched , whereas transcripts related to nitrogen metabolism were significantly lower in the agriculture river treatment compared to the boreal forest river treatment. The opposite pattern was observed in the boreal forest river water treatment. Overall, our results showed that interactions between river nutrient loading and phytoplankton organic matter are important in regulating bacterial activities and responses at the molecular level. This suggests that bacterial transformations of organic matter and nutrient cycling in coastal waters and estuarine environments are sensitive to changes in precipitation patterns in a catchment area-dependent manner.
  •  
19.
  • Larisch, Lisa-Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Improving movement behavior in office workers : effects of two multi-level cluster-RCT interventions on mental health
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer. - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: We have previously reported on the design and efficacy of two cluster-randomized multi-level workplace interventions, attempting to decrease sedentary behavior (SED) or increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among office workers to improve mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate intervention effects on mental health outcomes, i.e., mental wellbeing, depression or anxiety symptoms, and stress immediately after the 6-month intervention period.Methods: Teams of 263 office workers were cluster-randomized to one of two interventions or a waitlist control group. The PA intervention (iPA) focused on increasing MVPA and the SED intervention (iSED) on reducing SED. Both multi-level interventions targeted individual office workers and their social, physical, and organizational work environment, incorporating counseling based on cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Mental health outcomes were assessed using validated questionnaires before and immediately after the intervention. Intervention effects were analyzed using linear mixed effects models.Results: Participants were mostly female and highly educated, with a mean age of 42 years and had favorable levels of mental health at baseline. Mental wellbeing improved for the iSED group (β = 8, 95% CI 1 to 15, p = 0.030) but not for the iPA group (β = 6, 95% CI -1 to 12, p = 0.072) compared to the control group. No effects were found for depression or anxiety symptoms or stress.Conclusions: The multi-level interventions improved mental wellbeing among this population of office workers, reaching statistical significance in the iSED group. The size of the effect can be regarded meaningful, considering favorable mental health and high PA level at baseline. Thus, workplace interventions that provide support on multiple levels appear to have potential for improving mental wellbeing, but not reducing ill-health variables, among healthy office workers. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which such improvements can be achieved and to identify the most effective intervention components.
  •  
20.
  • Lebedev, Alexander V., et al. (författare)
  • Effects of daily L-dopa administration on learning and brain structure in older adults undergoing cognitive training : a randomised clinical trial
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cognitive aging creates major individual and societal burden, motivating search for treatment and preventive care strategies. Behavioural interventions can improve cognitive performance in older age, but effects are small. Basic research has implicated dopaminergic signalling in plasticity. We investigated whether supplementation with the dopamine-precursor L-dopa improves effects of cognitive training on performance. Sixty-three participants for this randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were recruited via newspaper advertisements. Inclusion criteria were: age of 65–75 years, Mini-Mental State Examination score >25, absence of serious medical conditions. Eligible subjects were randomly allocated to either receive 100/25 mg L-dopa/benserazide (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31) prior to each of twenty cognitive training sessions administered during a four-week period. Participants and staff were blinded to group assignment. Primary outcomes were latent variables of spatial and verbal fluid intelligence. Compared to the placebo group, subjects receiving L-dopa improved less in spatial intelligence (−0.267 SDs; 95%CI [−0.498, −0.036]; p = 0.024). Change in verbal intelligence did not significantly differ between the groups (−0.081 SDs, 95%CI [−0.242, 0.080]; p = 0.323). Subjects receiving L-dopa also progressed slower through the training and the groups displayed differential volumetric changes in the midbrain. No statistically significant differences were found for the secondary cognitive outcomes. Adverse events occurred for 10 (31%) and 7 (23%) participants in the active and control groups, correspondingly. The results speak against early pharmacological interventions in older healthy adults to improve broader cognitive functions by targeting the dopaminergic system and provide no support for learning-enhancing properties of L-dopa supplements in the healthy elderly. The findings warrant closer investigation about the cognitive effects of early dopamine-replacement therapy in neurological disorders. This trial was preregistered at the European Clinical Trial Registry, EudraCT#2016-000891-54 (2016-10-05).
  •  
21.
  • Lebedev, Alexander V., et al. (författare)
  • LSD-Induced Entropic Brain Activity Predicts Subsequent Personality Change
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 37:9, s. 3203-3213
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Personality is known to be relatively stable throughout adulthood. Nevertheless, it has been shown that major life events with high personal significance, including experiences engendered by psychedelic drugs, can have an enduring impact on some core facets of personality. In the present, balanced-order, placebo-controlled study, we investigated biological predictors of post-lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD) changes in personality. Nineteen healthy adults underwent resting state functional MRI scans under LSD ( 75 mu g, I. V.) and placebo ( saline I. V.). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory ( NEO-PI-R) was completed at screening and 2 weeks after LSD/placebo. Scanning sessions consisted of three 7.5-min eyes-closed resting-state scans, one of which involved music listening. A standardized preprocessing pipeline was used to extract measures of sample entropy, which characterizes the predictability of an fMRI time-series. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate drug-induced shifts in brain entropy and their relationship with the observed increases in the personality trait openness at the 2-week follow-up. Overall, LSD had a pronounced global effect on brain entropy, increasing it in both sensory and hierarchically higher networks across multiple time scales. These shifts predicted enduring increases in trait openness. Moreover, the predictive power of the entropy increases was greatest for the music-listening scans and when ego-dissolution was reported during the acute experience. These results shed new light on how LSD-induced shifts in brain dynamics and concomitant subjective experience can be predictive of lasting changes in personality.
  •  
22.
  • Lebedev, Alexander V., et al. (författare)
  • Working Memory and Reasoning Benefit from Different Modes of Large-scale Brain Dynamics in Healthy Older Adults
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - : MIT Press. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 30:7, s. 1033-1046
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Researchers have proposed that solving complex reasoning problems, a key indicator of fluid intelligence, involves the same cognitive processes as solving working memory tasks. This proposal is supported by an overlap of the functional brain activations associated with the two types of tasks and by high correlations between interindividual differences in performance. We replicated these findings in 53 older participants but also showed that solving reasoning and working memory problems benefits from different configurations of the functional connectome and that this dissimilarity increases with a higher difficulty load. Specifically, superior performance in a typical working memory paradigm (n-back) was associated with upregulation of modularity (increased between-network segregation), whereas performance in the reasoning task was associated with effective downregulation of modularity. We also showed that working memory training promotes task-invariant increases in modularity. Because superior reasoning performance is associated with downregulation of modular dynamics, training may thus have fostered an inefficient way of solving the reasoning tasks. This could help explain why working memory training does little to promote complex reasoning performance. The study concludes that complex reasoning abilities cannot be reduced to working memory and suggests the need to reconsider the feasibility of using working memory training interventions to attempt to achieve effects that transfer to broader cognition.
  •  
23.
  • Levin, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Bilagedelen : Genusperspektiv på utveckling av kollektivtrafik: hållbar jämställdhet vid planering av framtidens kollektivtrafik i Malmö
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Består av 1) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Lägesrapport 1a: Rapportering från fokusgrupperna, av Lena Levin, Emmy Dahl och Malin Henriksson. 2) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Lägesrapport 1b: Resultat av innehålls- och bildanalys, av Charlotta Faith-Ell och Susanna Nilsson. 3) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Dokumentation från workshop 11 februari 2010, av Susanna Nilsson, Lena Levin, Charlotta Faith-Ell, Emmy Dahl och Malin Henriksson.4) Hållbar jämställdhet i framtidens kollektivtrafik. Observationer och utvärdering av dialogmöten i Malmö stad, av Jonna Nyberg, Elina Engelbrektsson, Susanna Gustafsson, Lena Levin och Charlotta Faith-Ell. 5) Jämställd stadsplanering i Malmö - hur gör vi nu då? slutseminarium & workshop 26 november 2010, dokumentation: Lena Levin, Elina Engelbrektsson, Charlotta Faith-Ell och Lennart Skoglund.
  •  
24.
  • Nilsson, Anne, et al. (författare)
  • Gut microbiota mediated benefits of barley kernel products on metabolism, gut hormones, and inflammatory markers as affected by co-ingestion of commercially available probiotics : a randomized controlled study in healthy subjects
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 15, s. 49-56
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and aims Barley kernel based products have been shown to induce benefits on blood glucose regulation, cardio-metabolic risk markers and appetite regulating hormones in a time perspective of 11–16 h after intake. The mechanisms have been assigned to gut fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if the modulatory effects of barley on markers of metabolic- and appetite regulation are affected by a dietary background including a mixture of commercially available probiotics. Methods Barley kernel bread was included in the normal diet of 21 healthy subjects in two 4-day intervention periods; with (BB-pro) or without (BB) dietary supplement with a combination of probiotics (Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v). A white wheat flour based bread was included as a reference product (WWB-ref) in a separate 4-day bread intervention period. A cross-over design was applied concerning BB- and WWB-ref; the BB-pro intervention was last in the test sequence. The BB-pro intervention was preceded by 10 days priming with probiotics. The 4 day BB- and WWB-ref intervention periods included dietary supplementation with placebo, and the interventions were preceded with 10 days priming with the placebo. The day after each intervention period, blood samples were collected at fasting and postprandially after a standardized breakfast (0–210 min) for determination of markers of glucose metabolism (blood glucose, serum (s-) insulin), inflammation (s-IL-6, s-IL-18, s-CRP, PAI-1), and concentrations of gut derived hormones involved in satiety and glucose homeostasis (plasma (p-) PYY, p-GLP-1) and intestinal barrier integrity (p-GLP-2). Breath hydrogen was determined as a marker of colonic fermentation. Results Four days intervention with BB, in comparison to WWB-ref, lowered blood glucose response after a subsequent standardized breakfast (0–210 min, P < 0.05). BB and BB-pro interventions increased p-GLP-1 (0–120 min, P < 0.05) and breath H2 (0–210 min, P < 0.05). BB-pro intervention, in comparison to BB and WWB-ref, increased levels of s-PAI-1 (P < 0.05), and p-GLP-2 (0–210 min, P < 0.05) after the standardized breakfast. Conclusions With the exception of increased p-GLP-2 and an unexpected increase in s-PAI-1 concentrations, co-ingestion of a mixture of probiotics did not affect the metabolic outcome of BB; neither positively nor importantly negatively. The study was registered at: ClinicalTrials.gov, register number NCT01718418 (www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01718418).
  •  
25.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Acute increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in plasma following physical exercise relates to subsequent learning in older adults.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multidomain lifestyle interventions represents a promising strategy to counteract cognitive decline in older age. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for experience-dependent plasticity and increases following physical exercise, suggesting that physical exercise may facilitate subsequent learning. In a randomized-controlled trial, healthy older adults (65-75 years) completed a 12-week behavioral intervention that involved either physical exercise immediately before cognitive training (n = 25; 13 females), physical exercise immediately after cognitive training (n = 24; 11 females), physical exercise only (n = 27; 15 females), or cognitive training only (n = 21; 12 females). We hypothesized that cognition would benefit more from cognitive training when preceded as opposed to followed by physical exercise and that the relationship between exercise-induced increases in peripheral BDNF and cognitive training outcome would be greater when cognitive training is preceded by physical exercise. Greater increases of plasma BDNF were associated with greater cognitive training gains on trained task paradigms, but only when such increases preceded cognitive training (ß = 0.14, 95% CI [0.04, 0.25]). Average cognitive training outcome did not differ depending on intervention order (ß = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.10, 0.20]). The study provides the first empirical support for a time-critical but advantageous role for post-exercise increases in peripheral BDNF for learning at an interindividual level in older adults, with implications for future multidomain lifestyle interventions.
  •  
26.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with latent cognitive abilities in older adults
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 60, s. 102171-102171
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has been demonstrated that physical activity has a small but positive effect on cognition in old age, which suggests that it may be possible to alter the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline. However, our understanding of which aspects of physical activity that are important for modifying cognition remains incomplete. Adopting an exploratory approach in a sample of 115 healthy older adults (65–75 years), the present cross-sectional study used structural equation modelling to investigate the dissociable associations of physical activity (moderate-to-vigorous activity, derived from 7-day accelerometry) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max, derived from maximal treadmill ergometer test) with multiple latent cognitive abilities (working memory, episodic memory, spatial and verbal reasoning). The results showed a significant positive association between fitness and working memory, when physical activity was statistically controlled for, and a positive association of similar point magnitude between physical activity and episodic memory, when fitness was statistically controlled for, although the latter association did not reach statistical significance. The results add to the foundation for a more careful investigation of the dissociable associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and fitness with cognition in old age, and encourages future research to test the hypothesis that cardiorespiratory fitness benefits working memory via general cerebrovascular effects on grey matter volume, whilst moderate-to-vigorous physical activity benefits episodic memory via effects on neuroplastic processes.
  •  
27.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Direct-Current Stimulation Does Little to Improve the Outcome of Working Memory Training in Older Adults
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 28:7, s. 907-920
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The promise of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) as a modulator of cognition has appealed to researchers, media, and the general public. Researchers have suggested that tDCS may increase effects of cognitive training. In this study of 123 older adults, we examined the interactive effects of 20 sessions of anodal tDCS over the left prefrontal cortex (vs. sham tDCS) and simultaneous working memory training (vs. control training) on change in cognitive abilities. Stimulation did not modulate gains from pre- to posttest on latent factors of either trained or untrained tasks in a statistically significant manner. A supporting meta-analysis (n = 266), including younger as well as older individuals, showed that, when combined with training, tDCS was not much more effective than sham tDCS at changing working memory performance (g = 0.07, 95% confidence interval, or CI = [-0.21, 0.34]) and global cognition performance (g = -0.01, 95% CI = [-0.29, 0.26]) assessed in the absence of stimulation. These results question the general usefulness of current tDCS protocols for enhancing the effects of cognitive training on cognitive ability.
  •  
28.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Naming is not explaining : future directions for the cognitive reserve and brain maintenance theories
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 10
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Contemporary imaging measures of the human brain explain less than half of the differences in cognitive functioning and change among older adults. Researchers have advanced several theories and concepts to guide research that aims to better explain these individual differences in cognitive aging. Taking the fundamental measurement model in the empirical sciences as a starting point, we here scrutinize two such complementary theories, brain maintenance and cognitive reserve, in an attempt to clarify these theories, gauge their usefulness, and identify ways in which they can be further developed. We demonstrate that, although both theories are highly useful for spawning theorizing and empirical work, they can be further developed by detailing the theoretical and operational definitions of the concepts that they propose. We propose a few ways forward in these directions.
  •  
29.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Negative BOLD response in the hippocampus during short-term spatial memory retrieval.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 25:8, s. 1358-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A parieto-medial temporal pathway is thought to underlie spatial navigation in humans. fMRI was used to assess the role of this pathway, including the hippocampus, in the cognitive processes likely to underlie navigation based on environmental cues. Participants completed a short-term spatial memory task in virtual space, which required no navigation but involved the recognition of a target location from a foil location based on environmental landmarks. The results showed that spatial memory retrieval based on environmental landmarks was indeed associated with increased signal in regions of the parieto-medial temporal pathway, including the superior parietal cortex, the retrosplenial cortex, and the lingual gyrus. However, the hippocampus demonstrated a signal decrease below the fixation baseline during landmark-based retrieval, whereas there was no signal change from baseline during retrieval based on viewer position. In a discussion of the origins of such negative BOLD response in the hippocampus, we consider both a suppression of default activity and an increase in activity without a corresponding boost in CBF as possible mechanisms.
  •  
30.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • No Significant Effect of Prefrontal tDCS on Working Memory Performance in Older Adults
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been put forward as a non pharmacological alternative for alleviating cognitive decline in old age. Although results have shown some promise, little is known about the optimal stimulation parameters for modulation in the cognitive domain. In this study, the effects of tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dIPFC) on working memory performance were investigated in thirty older adults. An N-back task assessed working memory before, during and after anodal tDCS at a current strength of 1 mA and 2 mA, in addition to sham stimulation. The study used a single-blind, cross-over design. The results revealed no significant effect of tDCS on accuracy or response times during or after stimulation, for any of the current strengths. These results suggest that a single session of tDCS over the dIPFC is unlikely to improve working memory, as assessed by an N-back task, in old age.
  •  
31.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Second Language Learning in Older Adults: Effects on Brain Structure and Predictors of Learning Success
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has previously been demonstrated that short-term foreign language learning can lead to structural brain changes in younger adults. Experience-dependent brain plasticity is known to be possible also in older age, but the specific effect of foreign language learning on brain structure in language-and memory-relevant regions in the old brain remains unknown. In the present study, 160 older Swedish adults (65-75 years) were randomized to complete either an entry-level Italian course or a relaxation course, both with a total duration of 11 weeks. Structural MRI scans were conducted before and after the intervention in a subset of participants to test for differential change in gray matter in the two groups in the inferior frontal gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus, and the hippocampus, and in white matter microstructure in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), fronto-occipital fasciculus, and the hippocampal (HC) section of the cingulum. The study found no evidence for differential structural change following language training, independent of achieved vocabulary proficiency. However, hippocampal volume and associative memory ability before the intervention were found to be robust predictors of vocabulary proficiency at the end of the language course. The results suggest that having greater hippocampal volume and better associative memory ability benefits vocabulary learning in old age but that the very initial stage of foreign language learning does not trigger detectable changes in brain morphometry in old age.
  •  
32.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Smärta och dokumentation i sjukhusmiljö
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bakgrund: Smärta är vanligt hos Sveriges befolkning. I en undersökning av levnadsförhållanden i Sverige från 2008 framgår att 19 % i åldrarna 16-84 lever med svår värk. Forskning visar att sjukvården brister i smärtdokumentation vilket kan innebära att vårdens smärtlindring blir lidande. Syfte: Syftet var att, hos en grupp sjukhusvårdade patienter med smärta, beskriva smärta och i vilken utsträckning smärtan dokumenterats samt belysa hinder för smärtdokumentation. Metod: Empirisk studie med kvantitativ, beskrivande statistik samt ett avsnitt med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Smärta hos en grupp patienter visar att en stor andel alltid har ont vid aktivitet men även vid vila. Dokumentationen brister främst gällande duration och är mest tillfredsställande angående lokalisation. Ett hinder för god dokumentation är patienter som väljer att inte visa eller berätta om sin smärta. Diskussion: En god relation mellan sjuksköterska och patient underlättar smärthantering. Sjukvårdens smärtlindring är otillräcklig och alltför många lider av att ha ont. Nuvarande smärtbehandlingsmetoder har god möjlighet att, om inte eliminera, så ge en betydande smärtlindring. Dokumentation är viktig för att kunna lindra smärta och därmed minska patienters lidande. Förslag till vidare forskning inriktar sig på hur tillfredställande dokumentation ser ut. Även forskning kring alternativa behandlingsmetoder behövs för att kunna sänka andelen som lever med smärta och värk. Detta skulle öka livskvaliteten hos Sveriges befolkning.
  •  
33.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • The interrelationship between attentional and executive deficits in major depressive disorder
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 134:1, s. 73-82
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectiveCognitive dysfunction is an established feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains unclear whether deficits in different cognitive domains are relatively independent or originate from a circumscribed primary deficit'. This study tested the hypothesis that a deficit in attention represents a primary deficit in depression. MethodNeuropsychological function was assessed in 30 depressed patients with MDD and 34 control participants. Cognitive composites were derived from a minimum of three tests and included attention, executive function, visuospatial memory and verbal memory. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess group differences in overall cognitive performance, and multiple regression models were used to evaluate the role of attention in deficits in other domains. ResultsThe cognitive deficit in the depressed sample was found to be characterized by poorer performance in attention and executive function. When evaluating the interrelationship between the two deficits, the attentional deficit was found to persist when variability in executive function was statistically accounted for, whilst the executive deficit was eliminated when attention was accounted for. ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the attentional deficit could not be explained by deficits in executive function, which provides support for a primary attention deficit in depression.
  •  
34.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • The role of acute changes in mBDNF, cortisol and pro-BDNF in predicting cognitive performance in old age
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The interplay between biomarkers of relevance to neuroplasticity and its association with learning and cognitive ability in old age remains poorly understood. The present study investigated acute changes in plasma concentrations of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), its precursor protein (pro-BDNF), and cortisol, in response to acute physical exercise and cognitive training interventions, their covariation and role in predicting cognitive performance. Confirmatory results provided no support for mBDNF, pro-BDNF and cortisol co-varying over time, as the acute interventions unfolded, but did confirm a positive association between mBDNF and pro-BDNF at rest. The confirmatory results did not support the hypothesis that mBDNF change following physical exercise were counteracted by temporally coupled changes in cortisol or pro-BDNF, or by cortisol at rest, in its previously demonstrated faciliatory effect on cognitive training outcome. Exploratory results instead provided indications of a general and trait-like cognitive benefit of exhibiting greater mBDNF responsiveness to acute interventions when coupled with lesser cortisol responsiveness, greater pro-BDNF responsiveness, and lower cortisol at rest. As such, the results call for future work to test whether certain biomarker profiles are associated with preserved cognition in old age.
  •  
35.
  • Nilsson, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • White matter and cognitive decline in aging : a focus on processing speed and variability.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. - 1355-6177 .- 1469-7661. ; 20:3, s. 262-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • White matter (WM) change plays an important role in age-related cognitive decline. In this review, we consider methodological advances with particular relevance to the role of WM in age-related changes in processing speed. In this context, intra-individual variability in processing speed performance has emerged as a sensitive proxy of cognitive and neurological decline while neuroimaging techniques used to assess WM change have become increasingly more sensitive. Together with a carefully designed task protocol, we emphasize that the combined implementation of intra-individual variability and neuroimaging techniques hold promise for specifying the WM-processing speed relationship with implications for normative and clinical samples.
  •  
36.
  • Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al. (författare)
  • Top 50 most wanted fungi
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 12, s. 29-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental sequencing regularly recovers fungi that cannot be classified to any meaningful taxonomic level beyond “Fungi”. There are several examples where evidence of such lineages has been sitting in public sequence databases for up to ten years before receiving scientific attention and formal recognition. In order to highlight these unidentified lineages for taxonomic scrutiny, a search function is presented that produces updated lists of approximately genus-level clusters of fungal ITS sequences that remain unidentified at the phylum, class, and order levels, respectively. The search function (https://unite.ut.ee/top50.php) is implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi, such that the underlying sequences and fungal lineages are open to third-party annotation. We invite researchers to examine these enigmatic fungal lineages in the hope that their taxonomic resolution will not have to wait another ten years or more.
  •  
37.
  • Olesen, Mads Nikolaj, et al. (författare)
  • Inflammatory profiles relate to survival in subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2332-7812. ; 7:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate inflammatory cytokines in patients with motor neuron disease (MND) evaluating the putative contribution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-causing gene variants.Methods: This study is a retrospective case series with prospective follow-up (1994–2016) of 248 patients with MND, of whom 164 had ALS who were screened for mutations in the genes for SOD1 and C9orf72. Paired CSF and plasma were collected at the diagnostic evaluation before treatment. A panel of cytokines were measured blindly via digital ELISA on the Simoa platform.Results: Time from disease onset to death was longer for patients with ALS-causing SOD1 mutations (mSOD1, n = 24) than those with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (C9orf72HRE) ALS (n = 19; q = 0.001) and other ALS (OALS) (n = 119; q = 0.0008). Patients with OALS had higher CSF tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) compared with those with C9orf72HRE ALS (q = 0.014). Patients with C9orf72HRE ALS had higher CSF interferon alpha compared with those with OALS and mSOD1 ALS (q = 0.042 and q = 0.042). In patients with ALS, the survival was negatively correlated with plasma interleukin (IL) 10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17, 95% CI 1.05–1.30). Plasma TNF-α, IL-10, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (HR 1.01 [1.00–1.02], 1.15 [1.02–1.30], and 1.01 [1.00–1.01], respectively) of patients with OALS, plasma IL-1β (HR 5.90 [1.27–27.5]) of patients with C9orf72HRE ALS, and CSF TRAIL (10.5 [1.12–98.6]) of patients with mSOD1 ALS all correlated negatively with survival.Conclusions: Differences in survival times in ALS subtypes were correlated with cytokine levels, suggesting specific immune responses related to ALS genetic variants.
  •  
38.
  • Olivo, Gaia, et al. (författare)
  • Higher VO(2)max is associated with thicker cortex and lower grey matter blood flow in older adults
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • VO(2)max (maximal oxygen consumption), a validated measure of aerobic fitness, has been associated with better cerebral artery compliance and measures of brain morphology, such as higher cortical thickness (CT) in frontal, temporal and cingular cortices, and larger grey matter volume (GMV) of the middle temporal gyrus, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate cortex. Single sessions of physical exercise can promptly enhance cognitive performance and brain activity during executive tasks. However, the immediate effects of exercise on macro-scale properties of the brain's grey matter remain unclear. We investigated the impact of one session of moderate-intensity physical exercise, compared with rest, on grey matter volume, cortical thickness, working memory performance, and task-related brain activity in older adults. Cross-sectional associations between brain measures and VO(2)max were also tested. Exercise did not induce statistically significant changes in brain activity, grey matter volume, or cortical thickness. Cardiovascular fitness, measured by VO(2)max, was associated with lower grey matter blood flow in the left hippocampus and thicker cortex in the left superior temporal gyrus. Cortical thickness was reduced at post-test independent of exercise/rest. Our findings support that (1) fitter individuals may need lower grey matter blood flow to meet metabolic oxygen demand, and (2) have thicker cortex.
  •  
39.
  • Olivo, G., et al. (författare)
  • Immediate effects of a single session of physical exercise on cognition and cerebral blood flow: A randomized controlled study of older adults
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Neuroimage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 225
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Regular physical activity is beneficial for cognitive performance in older age. A single bout of aerobic physical exercise can transiently improve cognitive performance. Researchers have advanced improvements in cerebral circulation as a mediator of long-term effects of aerobic physical exercise on cognition, but the immediate effects of exercise on cognition and cerebral perfusion are not well characterized and the effects in older adults are largely unknown. Methods: Forty-nine older adults were randomized to a 30-min aerobic exercise at moderate intensity or relaxation. Groups were matched on age and cardiovascular fitness (VO2 max). Average Grey Matter Blood Flow (GMBF), measured by a pulsed arterial-spin labeling (pASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition, and working memory performance, measured by figurative n-back tasks with increasing loads were assessed before and 7 min after exercising/resting. Results: Accuracy on the n-back task increased from before to after exercising/resting regardless of the type of activity. GMBF decreased after exercise, relative to the control (resting) group. In the exercise group, higher n-back performance after exercise was associated with lower GMBF in the right hippocampus, left medial frontal cortex and right orbitofrontal cortex, and higher cardiovascular fitness was associated with lower GMBF. Conclusion: The decrease of GMBF reported in younger adults shortly after exercise also occurs in older adults and relates to cardiovascular fitness, potentially supporting the link between cardiovascular fitness and cerebrovascular reactivity in older age.
  •  
40.
  • Olsen, Kirsty, et al. (författare)
  • Lessons from a pilot and feasibility randomised trial in depression (Blood pressure Rapid Intensive Lowering And Normal Treatment for Mood and cognition in persistent depression (BRILiANT mood study)).
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Pilot and feasibility studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5784. ; 1, s. 44-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The blood pressure rapid intensive lowering and normal treatment for mood and cognition in persistent depression (BRILiANT mood study) was devised as a pilot study to investigate the feasibility and safety of intensive blood pressure lowering as treatment for persistent mood and cognitive symptoms in older adults with major depressive disorder and to assess the availability of this population for recruitment. In addition, the relationship between reduced blood pressure and the change in cerebral blood flow and mood was to be investigated.METHODS: A single centre pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT), with two parallel groups of intensive or normal treatment for hypertension, recruiting from primary and secondary care and newspaper advert, with an aim of recruiting 66 participants, was observed in this study. At the end of the recruitment period, in order to explore the reasons for failure to recruit to target, surveys were developed and issued to those involved in recruitment.RESULTS: Recruitment rates were lower than expected which led to the study being expanded to further areas and opened to self-referral via advertisement. However, because of better management of hypertension due to changes in the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework guidelines for blood pressure treatment, few eligible patients were identified and the study closed at the end of the recruitment period, with 13 participants consenting, but 12 failing screening resulting in one recruited participant.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the BRILiANT mood study was found not to be feasible, and results suggest that the expected patient population no longer exists. To overcome such recruitment difficulties, a prompt commencement of a study after funding so no relevant care changes occur might help prevent similar problems in future studies. In addition, self-referral, in this case via advertisement in papers, may be a useful tool to increase response rate. When recruiting in primary care, direct access to primary care databases, in a secure and anonymised way, may enable more effective screening. Ultimately, the BRILiANT mood study was shown not to be feasible; this was a useful conclusion from this pilot study.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN 64524251; UKCRN Portfolio No: 13284.
  •  
41.
  • Osbeck, Christofer M. G., et al. (författare)
  • Divergent transcriptional responses of Baltic Sea bacteria to forest and agriculture river loadings
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Climate change is projected to induce substantial changes in precipitation patterns across the globe. In Northern Europe, precipitation is expected to increase more than the global average (particularly in northern Scandinavia), causing increased river runoff. The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish environments on earth with a catchment area that spans 14 countries, encompassing primarily forested areas and agricultural landscapes. Despite the acknowledged role of marine bacteria in nutrient cycling, there is a lack of knowledge in their metabolic responses to inorganic and organic nutrient loading from riverine runoff. We investigated the bacterial growth and gene expression responses in a mesocosm experiment in which river water from boreal forest- (enriched in humic substances) or agriculture-influenced catchment areas (enriched in nitrogen) were added to Baltic Proper water. The riverine nutrient input triggered extensive phytoplankton blooms and bacterial growth, most notably in the agriculture river treatment. Interestingly, bacterial gene expression analysis (metatranscriptomics) showed similar responses to agriculture and humic river inputs at the start of the experiment during phytoplankton development, but expression patterns diverged upon bloom senescence. This indicated that interactions between river nutrient loading and phytoplankton organic matter are important in regulating bacterial activities and responses at the molecular level. Notably, transcripts associated with phosphate metabolism were significantly enriched in the agriculture river treatment compared to the boreal forest river treatment, whereas transcripts related to nitrogen metabolism were significantly lower. The opposite pattern was observed in the boreal forest river water treatment. This suggests that bacterial transformations of organic matter and nutrient processing in coastal environments are sensitive to alterations in the precipitation-induced riverine runoff in a catchment area-dependent manner, which has implications for interpreting the ecosystem effects of globally changing precipitation patterns.
  •  
42.
  • Prykhod'ko, Olena, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of Rye Kernel-Based Evening Meal on Microbiota Composition of Young Healthy Lean Volunteers With an Emphasis on Their Hormonal and Appetite Regulations, and Blood Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 5, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rye kernel bread (RKB) evening meals improve glucose tolerance, enhance appetite regulation and increase satiety in healthy volunteers. These beneficial effects on metabolic responses have been shown to be associated with increased gut fermentation. The present study aimed to elucidate if RKB evening meals may cause rapid alterations in microbiota composition that might be linked to metabolic-, immune-, and appetite- parameters. Gut-brain axis interaction was also studied by relating microbiota composition to amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in blood plasma. Nineteen healthy volunteers, ten women and nine men aged 22–29 years, BMI < 25 (NCT02093481) participated in the study performed in a crossover design. Each person was assigned to either white wheat bread (WWB) or RKB intake as a single evening meal or three consecutive evenings. Stool and blood samples as well as subjective appetite ratings were obtained the subsequent morning after each test occasion, resulting in four independent collections per participant (n = 76). DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes was sequenced using next generation sequencing technology. Higher abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium with simultaneous reduction of Bacteroides spp. were observed after RKB meals compared to WWB. The associations between metabolic test variables and microbiota composition showed a positive correlation between Bacteroides and adiponectin levels, whereas only Prevotella genus was found to have positive association with plasma levels of BDNF. These novel findings in gut-brain interactions might be of importance, since decreased levels of BDNF, that plays an essential role in brain function, contribute to the pathogenesis of several major neurodisorders, including Alzheimer's. Thus, daily consumption of Faecalibacterium- and/or Prevotella-favoring meals should be investigated further for their potential to prevent neurodegenerative processes in the brain.
  •  
43.
  • Sandberg, Jonna, et al. (författare)
  • Abundance of gut Prevotella at baseline and metabolic response to barley prebiotics
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 58:6, s. 2365-2376
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose We previously showed that short-term intervention with barley kernel bread (BKB) improved glucose tolerance. However, glucose tolerance was not improved in a subset of individuals (non-responders) who were characterized by a low Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the baseline Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio can be used to stratify metabolic responders and non-responders to barley dietary fiber (DF). Methods Fecal samples were collected from 99 healthy humans with BMI < 28 kg/m(2) between 50 and 70 years old. The abundance of fecal Prevotella and Bacteroides was quantified with 16S rRNA quantitative PCR. 33 subjects were grouped in three groups: subjects with highest Prevotella/Bacteroides ratios, "HP", n = 12; subjects with lowest Prevotella/Bacteroides ratios, "LP", n = 13; and subjects with high abundance of both measured bacteria, HPB, n = 8. A 3-day randomized crossover intervention with BKB and white wheat bread (control) was performed. Cardiometabolic test variables were analyzed the next day following a standardized breakfast. Results The BKB intervention lowered the blood glucose responses to the breakfast independently of Prevotella/Bacteroides ratios (P < 0.01). However, independently of intervention, the HP group displayed an overall lower insulin response and lower IL-6 concentrations compared with the LP group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the groups HP and HPB showed lower hunger sensations compared to the LP group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Here we show that the abundance of gut Prevotella and Bacteroides at baseline did not stratify metabolic responders and non-responders to barley DF intervention. However, our results indicate the importance of gut microbiota in host metabolic regulation, further suggesting that higher Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio may be favorable. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02427555
  •  
44.
  • Sandberg, Jonna C., et al. (författare)
  • Effects of whole grain rye, with and without resistant starch type 2 supplementation, on glucose tolerance, gut hormones, inflammation and appetite regulation in an 11-14.5 hour perspective; a randomized controlled study in healthy subjects
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 16:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and prevention is needed. Whole grain has shown potential to lower the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. One possible mechanism behind the benefits of whole grain is the gut fermentation of dietary fiber (DF), e.g. non-starch polysaccharides and resistant starch (RS), in whole grain. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of whole grain rye-based products on glucose- and appetite regulation. Method: Twenty-one healthy subjects were provided four rye-based evening test meals in a crossover overnight study design. The test evening meals consisted of either whole grain rye flour bread (RFB) or a 1:1 ratio of whole grain rye flour and rye kernels bread (RFB/RKB), with or without added resistant starch (+RS). White wheat flour bread (WWB) was used as reference evening meal. Blood glucose, insulin, PYY, FFA, IL-6 as well as breath H2 and subjective rating of appetite were measured the following morning at fasting and repeatedly up to 3.5 h after a standardized breakfast consisting of WWB. Ad libitum energy intake was determined at lunch, 14.5 h after evening test and reference meals, respectively. Results: The evening meal with RFB/RKB + RS decreased postprandial glucose- and insulin responses (iAUC) (P < 0.05) and increased the gut hormone PYY in plasma the following morning 0-120 min after the standardized breakfast, compared to WWB (P = 0.01). Moreover, RFB increased subjective satiety and decreased desire to eat, and both RFB and RFB/RKB decreased feeling of hunger (AUC 0-210 min). All rye-based evening meals decreased or tended to decrease fasting FFA (P < 0.05, RFB/RKB: P = 0.057) and increased breath hydrogen concentration (0-120 min, P < 0.001). No effects were noted on energy intake at lunch or inflammatory marker IL-6 (0 + 180 min) after the rye-based evening meals, compared to WWB. Conclusion: Whole grain rye bread has the potential to improve cardiometabolic variables in an 11-14.5 h perspective in healthy humans. The combination RFB/RKB + RS positively affected biomarkers of glucose- and appetite regulation in a semi-acute perspective. Meanwhile, RFB and RFB/RKB improved subjective appetite ratings. The effects probably emanate from gut fermentation events. Trial registration: The study was registered at: ClinicalTrials.gov, register number NCT02347293 ( www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02347293 ). Registered 15 January 2015.
  •  
45.
  • Sandberg, Jonna C., et al. (författare)
  • Impact of rye-based evening meals on cognitive functions, mood and cardiometabolic risk factors : A randomized controlled study in healthy middle-aged subjects
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 17:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Whole grain (WG) intake is associated with reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, whereas type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term intervention with WG rye on cognitive functions, mood and cardiometabolic risk markers in middle-aged test subjects. Method: Rye-based breads were provided to 38 healthy test subjects (aged 52-70y) during three consecutive days in a crossover study design, using white wheat flour bread (WWB) as a reference. The rye-based bread consisted of a WG rye kernel/flour mixture (1:1 ratio) supplemented with resistant starch type 2 (RS2) (RB + RS2). The last bread portion was ingested at 2100 h, and cognitive function, mood and cardiometabolic risk markers were determined the following morning, 11 - 14 h post intake. Results: In comparison to WWB, the RB + RS2 product increased ratings of mood parameters (valance, P < 0.001; activation P < 0.05). No differences were seen in the cognitive tests depending on intervention (P > 0.05). RB + RS2 increased insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05), fasting levels of gut hormones (PYY, P < 0.05; GLP-2, P < 0.01) and fasting concentrations of plasma acetate, butyrate and total SCFA (P < 0.001). In contrast, fasting levels of IL - 1β were decreased (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was positively correlated with working memory test performance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study display novel findings regarding effects of WG rye products on mood, and glucose and appetite regulation in middle-aged subjects, indicating anti-diabetic properties of WG rye. The beneficial effects are suggested to be mediated through gut fermentation of dietary fiber in the RB + RS2 product. Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, register number NCT03275948. Registered September 8 2017.
  •  
46.
  • Sandberg, Jonna C., et al. (författare)
  • Increased plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor 10.5 h after intake of whole grain rye-based products in healthy subjects
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has previously been shown in short-term interventions that kernel-based whole grain (WG) rye products have beneficial effects on test markers related to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D increases the risk of several severe health issues, including declined cognitive functions. The protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is suggested to be a potential biomarker for neuronal integrity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on plasma BDNF concentrations, 10.5 h after the intake of WG rye. Healthy young adults were provided late evening meals consisting of WG rye kernel-based bread (RKB) or a white wheat flour-based bread (reference product (WWB)), in a randomized cross-over design. The BDNF concentrations were investigated at fasting in the morning 10.5 h after single evening meals with RKB and WWB, and also after three consecutive evening meals with RKB and WWB, respectively. No difference was observed in the BDNF concentrations depending on the priming setting (p > 0.05). The RKB evening meals increased the BDNF concentrations by 27% at fasting (p = 0.001), compared to WWB. The increase of BDNF after the RKB indicate that, in addition to anti-diabetic properties, the dietary fiber in WG rye may support neuronal integrity.
  •  
47.
  • Sandberg, Jonna C., et al. (författare)
  • Rye-based evening meals favorably affected glucose regulation and appetite variables at the following breakfast; a randomized controlled study in healthy subjects
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Whole grain has shown potential to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Possible mechanism could be related to colonic fermentation of specific indigestible carbohydrates, i.e. dietary fiber (DF). The aim of this study was to investigate effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and appetite regulation the next day when ingesting rye kernel bread rich in DF as an evening meal. Method Whole grain rye kernel test bread (RKB) or a white wheat flour based bread (reference product, WWB) was provided as late evening meals to healthy young adults in a randomized cross-over design. The test products RKB and WWB were provided in two priming settings: as a single evening meal or as three consecutive evening meals prior to the experimental days. Test variables were measured in the morning, 10.5-13.5 hours after ingestion of RKB or WWB. The postprandial phase was analyzed for measures of glucose metabolism, inflammatory markers, appetite regulating hormones and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, hydrogen excretion in breath and subjective appetite ratings. Results With the exception of serum CRP, no significant differences in test variables were observed depending on length of priming (P>0.05). The RKB evening meal increased plasma concentrations of PYY (0-120 min, P
  •  
48.
  • Tarassova, Olga, et al. (författare)
  • Peripheral BDNF Response to Physical and Cognitive Exercise and Its Association With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Older Adults
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physical exercise (PE) has been shown to improve brain function via multiple neurobiological mechanisms promoting neuroplasticity. Cognitive exercise (CE) combined with PE may show an even greater effect on cognitive function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for neuroplastic signaling, may reduce with increasing age, and is confounded by fitness. The source and physiological role of human peripheral blood BDNF in plasma (pBDNF) is thought to differ from that in serum (sBDNF), and it is not yet known how pBDNF and sBDNF respond to PE and CE. A training intervention study in healthy older adults investigated the effects of acute (35 min) and prolonged (12 weeks, 30 sessions) CE and PE, both alone and in combination, on pBDNF and sBDNF. Cross-sectional associations between baseline pBDNF, sBDNF and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were also investigated. Participants (65-75 years) were randomly assigned to four groups and prescribed either CE plus 35 min of rest (n= 21, 52% female); PE [performed on a cycle ergometer at moderate intensity (65-75% of individual maximal heart rate)] plus 35 min of rest (n= 27, 56% female); CE plus PE (n= 24, 46% female), or PE plus CE (n= 25, 52% female). Groups were tested for CRF using a maximal treadmill ergometer test (VO2peak); BDNF levels (collected 48 h after CRF) during baseline, after first exercise (PE or CE) and after second exercise (PE, CE or rest); and cognitive ability pre and post 12-week training. At both pre and post, pBDNF increased after CE and PE (up to 222%), and rest (similar to 67%), whereas sBDNF increased only after PE (up to 18%) and returned to baseline after rest. Acute but not prolonged PE increased both pBDNF and sBDNF. CE induced acute changes in pBDNF only. Baseline pBDNF was positively associated with baseline sBDNF (n= 93,r= 0.407,p< 0.001). No changes in CRF were found in any of the groups. Baseline CRF did not correlate with baseline BDNF. Even though baseline pBDNF and sBDNF were associated, patterns of changes in pBDNF and sBDNF in response to exercise were explicitly different. Further experimental scrutiny is needed to clarify the biological mechanisms of these results.
  •  
49.
  • Väisänen, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Criterion validity of the Ekblom-Bak and the Åstrand submaximal test in an elderly population.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 120:2, s. 307-316
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to validate the submaximal Ekblom-Bak test (EB-test) and the Åstrand test (Å-test) for an elderly population.METHODS: Participants (n = 104), aged 65-75 years, completed a submaximal aerobic test on a cycle ergometer followed by an individually adjusted indirect calorimetry VO2max test on a treadmill. The HR from the submaximal test was used to estimate VO2max using both the EB-test and Å-test equations.RESULTS: The correlation between measured and estimated VO2max using the EB method and Å method in women was r = 0.64 and r = 0.58, respectively and in men r = 0.44 and r = 0.44, respectively. In women, the mean difference between estimated and measured VO2max was - 0.02 L min-1 (95% CI - 0.08 to 0.04) for the EB method and - 0.12 L min-1 (95% CI - 0.22 to - 0.02) for the Å method. Corresponding values for men were 0.05 L min-1 (95% CI - 0.04 to 0.14) and - 0.28 L min-1 (95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.14), respectively. However, the EB method was found to overestimate VO2max in men with low fitness and the Å method was found to underestimate VO2max in both women and men. For women, the coefficient of variance was 11.1%, when using the EB method and 19.8% when using the Å method. Corresponding values for men were 11.6% and 18.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The submaximal EB-test is valid for estimating VO2max in elderly women, but not in all elderly men. The Å-test is not valid for estimating VO2max in the elderly.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-49 av 49
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (39)
rapport (4)
annan publikation (4)
konstnärligt arbete (1)
doktorsavhandling (1)
forskningsöversikt (1)
visa fler...
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (40)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (7)
populärvet., debatt m.m. (2)
Författare/redaktör
Nilsson, Jonna (29)
Lövdén, Martin (12)
Ekblom, Maria, 1974- (9)
Lebedev, Alexander V (5)
Lövdén, Martin, 1972 ... (5)
Tarassova, Olga (4)
visa fler...
Björck, Inger M.E. (4)
Sandberg, Jonna C. (4)
Ekblom, Örjan, 1971- (3)
Nilsson, Anne (3)
Moberg, Marcus, 1986 ... (3)
Björck, Inger (3)
Berggren, Rasmus (3)
Gallagher, P. (3)
Gallagher, Peter (3)
Garzón, Benjamín (3)
Ferrier, I. N. (3)
McAllister-Williams, ... (3)
Sandberg, Jonna (3)
Lebedev, A. (2)
Nilsson, Lars (2)
Lebedev, Alexander (2)
Andersson, Anders F. (2)
Pinhassi, Jarone (2)
Lundin, Daniel, 1965 ... (2)
Nilsson, Emelie (2)
Tedgård, Ulf (2)
Sivonen, Kaarina (2)
Puschmann, Andreas (2)
Alneberg, Johannes (2)
Kisand, Veljo (2)
Riemann, Lasse (2)
Davidsson, Josef (2)
Cammenga, Jörg (2)
Middelboe, Mathias (2)
Brehmer, Yvonne (2)
Schmiedek, Florian (2)
Kallings, Lena, Doce ... (2)
Uusimaa, Johanna (2)
Wang, Rui (2)
Bojsen-Møller, Emil, ... (2)
Gorcenco, Sorina (2)
Finkelmeyer, A. (2)
Komulainen-Ebrahim, ... (2)
Rahikkala, Elisa (2)
Teikari, Jonna E. (2)
Traving, Sachia J (2)
Happel, Elisabeth M (2)
Henke, Britt (2)
Huchaiah, Vimala (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (29)
Karolinska Institutet (26)
Stockholms universitet (19)
Göteborgs universitet (10)
Lunds universitet (10)
Umeå universitet (6)
visa fler...
Uppsala universitet (3)
Jönköping University (2)
Chalmers tekniska högskola (2)
Linnéuniversitetet (2)
Högskolan Kristianstad (1)
Luleå tekniska universitet (1)
Linköpings universitet (1)
VTI - Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (1)
Sophiahemmet Högskola (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (45)
Svenska (4)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (41)
Samhällsvetenskap (9)
Naturvetenskap (3)
Teknik (2)
Lantbruksvetenskap (2)
Humaniora (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy