| 1. |
- Jespersen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical responses to adoptive T-cell transfer can be modeled in an autologous immune-humanized mouse model.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells have shown durable responses in patients with melanoma. To study ACT and immunotherapies in a humanized model, we have developed PDXv2.0 -a melanoma PDX model where tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating T cells from the same patient are transplanted sequentially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient/common gamma chain (NOG/NSG) knockout mouse. Key to T-cell survival/effect in this model is the continuous presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Tumors that grow in PDXv2.0 are eradicated if the autologous tumor cells and T cells come from a patient that exhibited an objective response to ACT in the clinic. However, T cells from patients that are non-responders to ACT cannot kill tumor cells in PDXv2.0. Taken together, PDXv2.0 provides the potential framework to further model genetically diverse human cancers for assessing the efficacy of immunotherapies as well as combination therapies.Combining different types of immune therapies might benefit certain patients. Here, the authors develop an autologous immune-humanized melanoma mouse model that allows the preclinical assessment of cancer cell-T cell interactions from each individual patient and the benefits of immunotherapies combinations.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Sheida, et al.
(författare)
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A retrospective clinical study of fixed tooth- and implant-supported prostheses in titanium and cobalt-chromium-ceramic: 5-9-year follow-up
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 26:10, s. 6097-6103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of fixed tooth- and implant-supported protheses manufactured in porcelain veneered cobalt-chromium (CoCr) or titanium with a follow-up period of 5-9 years. Materials and methods This study included 63 patients with a total of 86 fixed dental protheses (FDPs) (53 implant-supported and 33 tooth-supported). In total, 67 were short-span FDPs (3-5 units) and 19 were long-span FDPs (6-12 units). The FDPs were evaluated using a modified version of the California Dental Association (CDA). Results The binary regression analysis indicated that neither CoCr nor titanium had a statistically significant effect on the odds of success or survival of either tooth- or implant-supported FDPs. However, the success of FDPs was negatively affected by greater FDP length and general tooth wear. The survival of FDPs was negatively affected by increased FDP longevity. Conclusions This study found no statistically significant effect on the odds of success and survival outcomes for any combination of tooth-supported, implant-supported, porcelain-veneered CoCr, or porcelain-veneered titanium FDPs. As the number of FDPs was limited, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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| 3. |
- Aktaş, Vezir, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered aspects of policies to fight the COVID-19 outbreak
- 2023
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Ingår i: Humanitas. - : Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University. - 2147-088X. ; 11:22, s. 42-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Countries have taken different measures to limit the spread of COVID-19. However, it is unclear how such measures affect the daily lives of people in different cultural contexts. Using a qualitative research method and the framework of gender roles, this study analyzes the potential effects of the Turkish government’s policies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic on married men and women in Turkey. The respondents answered the open-ended questions developed by the researchers on the Google platform. 20 men (aged 27-54) and 20 women (aged 22-55) participated in the study. The respondents’ experiences were grouped into three themes: gender-related problems; adaptation and new habits/hobbies; and balancing between positive and negative effects. While men stressed the economic effects, women focused on social relations or deeper values of life. The findings were discussed within the framework of Gender Schema Theory and Social Role Theory.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Aktaş, Vezir, et al.
(författare)
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Social scientists under threat : Resistance and self-censorship in Turkish academia
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Educational Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0007-1005 .- 1467-8527. ; 67:2, s. 169-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attacks on academic freedom in Turkey have become increasingly systematic in recent years and thousands of academics have been dismissed. This study reflects on the effects of this worsening repression through interviews with academics in the social sciences, both those dismissed and those still active in their profession. Although the dismissed academics are socially in a very precarious position, they are continuing their scholarly activities in alternative, underground forms. This resistance stands in contrast to the accommodation and self-censorship that seem, according to the interviewees, to prevail in university departments.
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| 7. |
- Aktaş, Vezir, et al.
(författare)
-
Taking to the streets : A study of the street academy in Ankara
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Educational Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0007-1005 .- 1467-8527. ; 68:3, s. 365-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In wide-ranging attacks on academic freedom in Turkey in recent years, thousands of academics have lost their university positions. At the end of 2016 oppositional academics, many of whom were dismissed from their positions for having signed a peace petition, established a Street Academy as an alternative way to reach out to both students and the public in Ankara. In this study we analyse the experiences of these street academy lecturers from the perspective of Social Representation Theory. Our main aims were to explore teaching experience perceptions and representations and, in addition, also the opportunities and challenges generated by this alternative academy. Data consisted of semi-structured interviews with five female and five male street academy lecturers. The results of a qualitative thematic analysis revealed that the way participants explained their experiences could be organised into three major themes and several subordinate themes. One of the most salient results was that participating in the street Academy had become a way to defend academic freedom. More generally suggested results demonstrated that teaching in this new setting, outside of the universities and away from customised learning environments, was quite a novel experience. The possible implications of street academy lecturers? experiences are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Bajramović, R. Č, et al.
(författare)
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Identity management by multiple identification : religious leaders and EU integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary European Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1478-2804 .- 1478-2790.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research examines the identity management strategies among Bosnian religious leaders belonging to the three major religious groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), namely the Islamic Community, the Serbian Orthodox Church, and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vrhbosna. The research is based on 31 semi-structured interviews conducted with religious leaders from the aforementioned groups. It specifically focuses on how religious leaders manage negative in-group identities in the context of the country’s EU integration process. Identity management strategies described in the previous literature cannot explain how the respondents in the post-conflict environment of B&H deal with negative in-group perceptions. Instead, this research identifies a new strategy: multiple identification, i.e. identifying not only with the in-group but also with an out-group, thereby paving the way for a novel approach to identity management through multiple group affiliations, emphasizing shared values. With the help of thematic analysis, the article demonstrates how multiple identification with both the in-group and the perceived European society as an out-group evolves in this empirical case.
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| 9. |
- Bergquist, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Impact on follow-up strategies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Liver international (Print). - Chichester, United Kingdom : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1478-3223 .- 1478-3231. ; 43:1, s. 127-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Evidence for the benefit of scheduled imaging for early detection of hepatobiliary malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is limited. We aimed to compare different follow-up strategies in PSC with the hypothesis that regular imaging improves survival.METHODS: We collected retrospective data from 2,975 PSC patients from 27 centers. Patients were followed from the start of scheduled imaging or in case of clinical follow-up from January 1, 2000, until death or last clinical follow-up alive. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.RESULTS: A broad variety of different follow-up strategies were reported. All except one center used regular imaging, ultrasound (US) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two centers used scheduled ERCP in addition to imaging for surveillance purposes. The overall HR (CI95%) for death, adjusted for sex, age and start year of follow-up, were 0.61 (0.47-0.80) for scheduled imaging with and without ERCP; 0.64 (0.48-0.86) for US/MRI and 0.53 (0.37-0.75) for follow-up strategies including scheduled ERCP. The lower risk of death remained for scheduled imaging with and without ERCP after adjustment for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) or high-grade dysplasia as a time-dependent covariate, HR 0.57 (0.44-0.75). Hepatobiliary malignancy was diagnosed in 175 (5.9%) of the patients at 7.9 years follow-up. Asymptomatic patients (25%) with CCA had better survival if scheduled imaging had been performed.CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up strategies vary considerably across centers. Scheduled imaging was associated with improved survival. Multiple factors may contribute to this result including early tumor detection and increased endoscopic treatment of asymptomatic benign biliary strictures.
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| 10. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Debatt: Samhällsvetenskaperna och den akademiska friheten i Turkiet : Massavskedanden, resignation och motstånd
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - Lund : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 56:3-4, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Allvarliga kränkningar av den akademiska friheten förekommer idag i flera av Europarådets medlemsstater och det är ofta samhällsvetenskaperna som utgör måltavlan. Situationen är särskilt allvarlig i Turkiet där tusentals universitetslärare avskedats. Intervjuer med avskedade turkiska samhällsvetare och samhällsvetare som lever under hot om avsked ger en sammansatt bild: här finns både resignation och motstånd.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Borell, Klas, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Turkey’s universities face a troubled future
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Research Professional News.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Introductory paragraph: Erdoğan’s election victory promises renewed authoritarianism, but resistance remains, say Klas Borrell and Marco Nilsson.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jaresand, Wilhelm, et al.
(författare)
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Female combat commanders of the YPJ and political agency – framing the fight on their own terms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Critical Military Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2333-7486 .- 2333-7494. ; 9:4, s. 532-550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women have taken part in several insurgencies. Research shows that women resort to violence not only for private reasons but also as a means to achieve political goals. The aim of this study is to explore how high-ranking YPJ commanders’ frame their decision to first joint the PKK and their use of violence as founding members of the YPJ. This is done with the help of a thematic analysis of life history interviews with three YPJ commanders in the midst of the civil war in Syria. The focus is on how the interviewees frame the themes. When highlighting some aspect of reality over other aspects, for example, in the context of a conflict, frames act to define problems, diagnose causes, make moral judgements, and suggest remedies. The study argues that the respondents’ framing connected their personal experiences with broader ideology. Thus, personal experiences can lead to embracing a broader ideology such that they motivate women to join the violent struggle. Three themes emerged from the analysis: Patriarchy; inspiring examples; and global liberation and democracy. These explorative results suggest a corresponding three-stage analytical framework for analysing how women join militant movements during civil wars: Personal experiences that define the problem and prepare the ground for action; other women’s roles as pathbreakers making the previously seemingly impossible action appear possible; and finally, the formulation of a political goal to guide action. This framework focuses on agency as inherently relational.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Josefsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Muslims opposing violent radicalism and extremism : Strategies of Swedish Sufi communities
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-2004 .- 1469-9591. ; 37:2, s. 183-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has seen the development of a new research agenda in response to Islamist terror attacks of recent years. Researchers are not only trying to solve the “radicalization puzzle” in order to understand the reasons why young Muslims in Western countries are attracted to extremism, but they are also making proposals for de-radicalizing extremists and creating relationships of trust with Muslim communities. Directly or indirectly, Europe’s Muslim minorities are the objects of the interventions and preventive work under discussion. This study suggests an alternative approach. Rather than regarding Muslims in Europe as more or less passive objects of various anti-extremism interventions, it directs attention toward the strategies developed by European Muslims themselves in fighting Islamist extremism. Using qualitative interviews with leaders of five Sufi communities in Sweden, the study examines a series of strategies for meeting the challenges posed by extremists.
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| 19. |
- Lu, Yong, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum efficiency, purity and stability of a tunable, narrowband microwave single-photon source
- 2021
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Ingår i: npj Quantum Information. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-6387. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate an on-demand source of microwave single photons with 71–99% intrinsic quantum efficiency. The source is narrowband (300 kHz) and tuneable over a 600 MHz range around 5.2 GHz. Such a device is an important element in numerous quantum technologies and applications. The device consists of a superconducting transmon qubit coupled to the open end of a transmission line. A π-pulse excites the qubit, which subsequently rapidly emits a single photon into the transmission line. A cancellation pulse then suppresses the reflected π-pulse by 33.5 dB, resulting in 0.005 photons leaking into the photon emission channel. We verify strong antibunching of the emitted photon field and determine its Wigner function. Non-radiative decay and 1/f flux noise both affect the quantum efficiency. We also study the device stability over time and identify uncorrelated discrete jumps of the pure dephasing rate at different qubit frequencies on a time scale of hours, which we attribute to independent two-level system defects in the device dielectrics, dispersively coupled to the qubit. Our single-photon source with only one input port is more compact and scalable compared to standard implementations.
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| 20. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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After the Caliphate: Changing Mobilization in the Swedish Salafi-Jihadist Environment following the Fall of ISIS
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1521-0731 .- 1057-610X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the fall of the Islamic State’s self-declared Caliphate in Syria and Iraq, understanding how the Salafi-jihadist environments in the West mobilize in new ways has become urgent. This study is based on unique hard-to-reach data from qualitative interviews with returned Swedish ISIS fighters, previous members of the Swedish Salafi-jihadist environment, friends and acquaintances of persons engaged in the Swedish Salafi-jihadist environment, and a former Swedish jihadist recruiter. It explores post-Caliphate mobilization in terms of recruiting new members, keeping old members, and sustaining support from other radicals who are not active members of the Salafi-jihadist environment. Five distinct themes emerged from the interviews that reflect changing “push” and “pull” factors, which in different ways make mobilization in the post-Caliphate period challenging: competition from criminal gangs, increasing fuzziness of the environment, limited ability of external events to mobilize both new and old members, variation in the ease of leaving the Salafi-jihadist environment, and lack of new heroic mobilization narratives. The study concludes that, despite continuing problems in so-called radicalization hubs in Sweden, IS and other jihadist groups now have difficulty mobilizing both old and new members. In particular, changes in pull factors suggest that the current mobilization dynamics point to an environment that is facing challenges.
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| 21. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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“Aren’t You Tired of Talking?” – Priming Men and Women into Violence through Gateway Organizations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social movement approaches have explored how protest movements transition into terrorist organizations. However, there has been little academic work examining potential causal mechanisms that drive the movement of individuals from nonviolent organizations to violent ones. This study uses priming theory to explain how nonviolent organizations can function as inadvertent gateways that facilitate the movement of individuals into violent organizations. Rather than elaborating on social contacts between nonviolent and violent organizations, priming shifts the analytical focus to socialization processes inside gateway organizations and how they can be exploited by violent organizations through framing. The study also analyzes priming in gateway organizations as a gendered process. Although the examples provided are drawn from the Islamist context, the priming process applies to all religious, far-left, far-right, and nationalist/separatist groups.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Attaque terroriste à Bruxelles : pourquoi la Suède est devenue la cible des islamistes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: FigaroVox.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Préambule: Al-Qaida a trouvé dans les autodafés du Coran en Suède un argument pour diffuser sa propagande et inciter des islamistes à passer à l’action, analysent Marco Nilsson, professeur associé de science politique à l'université suédoise de Jönköping et Aya Bejermi, doctorante.
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| 23. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Causal Beliefs and War Termination : Religion and Rational Choice in the Iran-Iraq War
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 55:1, s. 94-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes the length of interstate wars and the process of reaching a mutually acceptable bargaining solution. Rational choice scholarship has mainly sought to explain long wars in terms of commitment problems and private information. This article complements these rational choice perspectives by arguing that causal beliefs—a variable not considered by previous research—can also prolong wars by increasing expectations of battlefield performance and slowing down information updating. The article illustrates the role of religiously based causal beliefs with the case of one of the longest interstate wars of modern time, the Iran-Iraq War of 1980–1988. Even though commitment problems were present, they do not identify the root cause of Iran’s high expected utility of continuing the war, as religiously based causal beliefs played a more prominent role in prolonging the war. Religious causal beliefs constitute a real word mechanism that not only creates different priors about expected military capacity, but also slows down the process of updating beliefs, as battlefield events are not seen as credible information. Although the prevalence of religious conflicts has increased ove r time, the formation of beliefs and their effects on wars remains understudied when applying rational choice to real world conflicts.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Conflicts and Relative Deprivation in Ein El Hilweh : Palestinian Refugees in the Shadow of the Syrian Civil War
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of Refugee Studies. - : Oxford University Press. - 0951-6328 .- 1471-6925. ; 34:1, s. 453-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- About 450,000 Palestinian refugees live in Lebanon today. With the arrival of over one million Syrian refugees in Lebanon since the Syrian civil war started in 2011, Palestinians were no longer the largest refugee group in Lebanon, and many newcomers settled in Palestinian refugee camps. Previous research has considered how recipient societies relate to refugees; this study analyzes intergroup competition and conflict among refugees from different countries by analyzing Palestinians’ perceptions of refugee camp life and attitudes toward Syrian refugees. Focus group interviews were conducted in the largest camp in Lebanon, Ein El Hilweh. Respondents experienced relative deprivation due to the influx of Syrian refugees, who were accused of taking Palestinian jobs and increasing poverty. Respondents complained of increasing violence and social problems (e.g. radicalization and drug use) due to the demographic changes. Especially women experienced that their freedom of movement had become limited in the camp but found it difficult the consider migration. Increasing desperation had also weakened Palestinian resistance identity and trust in resistance organizations.
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| 25. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Det stora antalet civila dödsoffer göder hämndbegär och terrorism
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten. ; 13 juni
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ingress: Säkerhetsrådet har antagit en resolution för vapenvila som förhoppningsvis kan leda till ett slut på kriget i Gaza. Men ett slut på kriget betyder inte alltid fred. Om man inte noggrant planerar för en fred riskerar de långsiktiga konsekvenserna att bli nya krig och ökad terrorism i framtiden skriver Marco Nilsson.
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| 26. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Detta innebär krigsplacering i Jönköping
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Jönköpings-Posten. - Jönköping : Hall Media. - 1103-9469. ; 21 februari
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Inledning: För några veckor sedan riktades mycket kritik mot att flera kommuner i Jönköpings län inte hade krigsplacerat sin personal trots att både regeringen och Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap betonat vikten därav. Den militära underrättelse- och säkerhetstjänsten (Must) skriver i en ny rapport att Sverige befinner sig i ett allvarligt säkerhetsläge. Med bakgrund i denna rapport och Natos militära scenarier för slaget om Östersjön vill jag här bättre förklara varför krigsplaceringar är mycket viktiga för just Jönköpings län.
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Foreign Fighters and the Radicalization of Local Jihad: Interview Evidence from Swedish Jihadists
- 2015
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Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 38:5, s. 343-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern jihadism has experienced two distinct crises. The present study analyzes recent developments in jihadism, which can be seen in connection with efforts to solve the latest recruitment crisis of global jihad, and is based on comparative interviews with eight Swedish jihadists defined as foreign fighters. The study identifies three new trends evident in the interviews comparing jihadists active in Syria with those who fought in Afghanistan and Bosnia: socialization to global jihad, normalization of jihad, and an increasing use of the doctrine of takfir (i.e., ex-communication). This can be described as indicating the radicalization of local jihad, as the territorially based jihad, championed by Abdullah Azzam, and the global jihad of Osama bin Laden meet in the territorial realities of Syria and Iraq.
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| 28. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Forskaren om frivilligkrigarna: ”De söker ofta en högre mening i livet” [tv-sändning]
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (film/video) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett antal svenskar har frivilligt åkt till Ukraina för att strida mot Ryssland. Marco Nilsson, konfliktforskare på högskolan i Jönköping, har studerat just människor som väljer att delta i krig för andra nationer.– Det som de flesta frivilliga har gemensamt är att de oftast söker en högre mening i livet, säger han. Trots att det är flera svenskar som anmäler intresse att åka till Ukraina, så är en del som backar när de ska skriva på ett avtal som innebär att man ska strida under hela krigsperioden, säger konfliktforskaren Marco Nilsson. Är det lagbrott att kriga i ett annat land? – Den svenska lagstiftningen säger ingenting om att det skulle vara förbjudet att åka ner till Ukraina för att strida för den ukrainska militären eller någon annanstans ute i världen. I klippet ovan berättar Marco Nilsson också vad det innebär för Sveriges säkerhet att svenskar strider för Ukraina
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| 29. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Går det att veta när Putin inte längre bluffar om kärnvapen?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten. ; 14 mars
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ingress: Många ryska uttalanden om kärnvapenanvändning har väckt mycket oro i Sverige. Som medlem i Nato är Sverige under Natos kärnvapenparaply, men hur stor är risken att kriget i Ukraina eskalerar till en sådan ödesdiger konfrontation mellan Ryssland och Nato? Och går det att ens veta om Putin bluffar? Svaret är inte enkelt, men det går att resonera med hjälp av forskning om spelteori, skriver Marco Nilsson, docent i statsvetenskap.
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| 30. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Hard and soft targets : the lethality of suicide terrorism
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of International Relations and Development. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1408-6980 .- 1581-1980. ; 21:1, s. 101-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many scholars have assumed that suicide terrorism is the most lethal form of terrorism. Increasing lethality is important for the terrorists’ expected ability to coerce target states and may explain the increasing popularity of suicide terrorism since the 1980s. This article analyses statistically the lethality of suicide terrorism and suicide bombings with 96,649 terror incidents in the Global Terrorism Database. The results corroborate the hypothesis that suicide terrorism inflicts more casualties than other terrorist tactics. However, suicide bombings are not associated with a greater increase in the casualty rates as compared with non-suicidal terrorist tactics involving, for example, the use of firearms. Moreover, neither suicide terrorism in general nor suicide bombings in particular are associated with an increase in the count of dead when there are many soft targets to choose from, such as in Palestine and Afghanistan. The lethality of suicide bombings is the greatest when there are many hard targets, such as in Israel.
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| 31. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Hezbollah and the Framing of Resistance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; 41:9, s. 1595-1614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study builds on the insight that Hezbollah is a holistic network whose social, political, military, and cultural dimensions are all parts of a discourse of resistance. Conducting a qualitative frame analysis of speeches by Hezbollah’s General Secretary Nasrallah, supported by interviews with Hezbollah leadership privy to its ideology, this study analyzes the construction of muqawama [resistance]. Resistance is a complex social phenomenon, which can be manifested, for example, in the differences in how resistance is framed in varying contexts, often addressing different audiences. However, three unifying themes emerged from the frame analysis: diversity of resistance; normalization of resistance; and social dimensions of resistance.
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| 32. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Interviewing Jihadists : On the Importance of Drinking Tea and Other Methodological Considerations
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 41:6, s. 419-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of terrorism research has arguably long been characterized by a separation of the scholars from their subject of inquiry. Interviews can be used to bridge this chasm, but making contact with potential interviewees, conducting interviews, and analyzing the data pose unique challenges when conducting research into jihadists, especially active ones. This article focuses on the author's experience of interviewing both former and active jihadi foreign fighters. It is specifically intended to contribute to a better methodological understanding of conducting first-hand empirical research into jihadi foreign fighters and builds on field work conducted in Sweden, Iraq, and Lebanon.
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| 33. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Islam, apokalypsi ja jihadismi
- 2024
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Ingår i: Apokalypsi nyt! Perikadon politiikka. - Helsinki : Kirkon tutkimus ja koulutus. - 9789516934436 - 9789516934443 ; , s. 67-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Johdanto: Luku analysoi apokalyptista ajattelua sunnalaisen islamin historiassa. Se kartoittaa ensin lyhyesti apokalyptisen ajattelun perusteita ja kehitystä tässä suurimmassa islamin suuntauksessa, minkä jälkeen se analysoi niiden ilmenemistä modernissa sunnalaisessa jihadismissa. Samoin se selvittää, mikä rooli apokalyptisella ajattelulla on ollut modernissa jihadistiliikkeessä. Luku argumentoi, että vaikka traditionaalisen apokalyptisen ajattelun ja modernin jihadismin välillä on selvä yhteys, on apokalyptista ajattelua ilmaistu eri tavoin eri jihadistiryhmissä, kuten Isissä ja Al-Qaidassa. Tällaiset erot johtuvat ryhmien erilaisesta strategisesta ajattelusta.
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| 34. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Jihad after the Fall of IS : Reframing the Apocalyptic Narrative
- 2023
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Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; , s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the use of apocalyptic frames by jihadist groups and how they have been developing after the fall of IS. It contextualizes these developments in the history of Muslim apocalyptic though and literature. After describing the apocalyptic narrative in the hadith literature and in the Quran, as well as the differences between classical and modern apocalyptic literature, the study analyzes differences in how jihadist groups have used apocalyptic framing of their fight. Finally, using interview data, the study analyzes how the Salafi-jihadist environment in Sweden has started to reframe the apocalyptic narrative after the military defeat of IS.
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| 35. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Jihad and heroic hypermasculinity : Recruitment strategies, battlefield experiences, and returning home
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a gap in knowledge when it comes to jihadism and how it is associated with notions of masculinity. Especially empirical studies on masculinity that are based on interviews with active or former jihadists are lacking. This study seeks to analyze the role that notions of masculinity have played in different phases of jihadiship among Swedish jihadist foreign fighters, from recruitment to traveling to the conflict zone, and then eventually returning to Sweden. With a focus on heroic jihadist hypermasculinity, which is a form of hegemonic masculinity that exaggerates male stereotypical behavior such as violence and aggression, the study identifies five themes: Recruitment strategies and masculinity; from masculine failure to protecting sisters in faith; jihad and street culture; the warrior ideal; jihad, patriarchy, and brotherhood; and returning home and preventing re-emasculation. The empirical material is based on interviews with six Swedish jihadists and a former jihadist recruiter.
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| 36. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Jihadiship : From radical behavior to radical beliefs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 44:3, s. 181-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jihadism is a complex social phenomenon that changes people, but not always uniformly. This article argues that cognitive and behavioral radicalization can be seen as a discursive journey or jihadiship involving (e)merging ideas, problems, and solutions that change with encounters with new circumstances—both material and immaterial. The differences observed between various generations of jihadists are one manifestation of this complexity. Especially in a jihadi group, the processes of radicalization are bound to continue and take new forms, compared with those experienced in the West. Another example of the complexity of jihadiship is that not only can radical ideas lead to radical behavior, but also radical behavior can increasingly give rise to radical ideas in jihadi groups.
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| 37. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
-
Jihadism in Scandinavia : Motivations, Experiences, and Change
- 2022
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book is based on unprecedented interviews with active and former jihadists, even IS fighters. It focuses on the changing nature of jihad as a social phenomenon and how jihad changes jihadists. It argues that there are fascinating generational differences between jihadists’ ideas and behaviors. Moreover, it argues that jihad changes jihadists through socialization in jihadists groups. Indeed, radicalization continues in new forms after entering the conflict zone. Recognizing that jihadism is a complex social phenomenon and a discourse on religiously legitimized violence with deep roots in the history of Islam and Muslim societies, the book asks two simple questions. Why have some Muslims residing in the West taken up arms to enter the global battlefields of jihad? Have the motivations and experiences of different jihadists all been the same? To create a more coherent analysis than the article format allows, and to offer new insights, the author summarizes and further develops several years of research into jihadism. As gaining access to and conducting interviews—especially with active jihadists—often differs from standard interviews, much of the data were collected in a gray zone between more formal interviewing and ethnographic research. The empirical material, which is based on interviews with active and former jihadists, is unique. Moreover, the methodological reflections are unprecedented, and the project offers new analytical insights into jihadism with a focus on how jihadism and jihadists change.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Konfliktforskaren: Mer skärrade i Finland än här i Sverige [tv-sändning]
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (film/video) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Konfliktforskaren Marco Nilsson på högskolan i Jönköping säger att kriget i Ukraina verkar ha påverkat finnarna mer än svenskarna i dagsläget.– Man är av historiska skäl mer skärrade och tagna av händelserna, säger han.Från sitt kontor på högskolan i Jönköping följer Marco Nilsson medierapporteringen från Sverige, Finland och andra västländer. Hans analys är att finnarna verkar mer oroliga av Rysslands anfallskrigsföring i Ukraina än svenskarna för tillfället.– Finland har ju en lång gräns mot Ryssland, säger Marco Nilsson som är både svensk och finsk medborgare.Den 30 november 1939 anföll sovjetiska trupper Finland, en händelse som gjort sig påmind för det finska folket när Ryssland för snart en vecka sedan inledde det omfattande anfallet mot Ukraina.Nato-fråganFinlands riksdagspartier samlas under gårdagen för att diskutera Nato-frågan, som blivit allt hetare i landet efter den ryska invasionen av Ukraina.41 procent av svenskarna är för ett Nato-medlemskap visar nya siffror. Enligt mätningen från Yle är 53 procent av finländarna positiva till att landet går med i Nato.Ideologiska ledare kan förlänga krigMarco Nilsson som är universitetslektor och docent i statsvetenskap vid högskolan för lärande och kommunikation i Jönköping har doktorerat om hur ideologiskt motiverade ledare förlänger krig. Man kan i hans forskning dra paralleller till det rådande läget i Ukraina där flera experter menat att Vladimir Putin blivit allt mer ideologisk.– Han bryr sig inte om sanktionerna i sig och han har ideologiskt motiverade målsättningar, men jag tror att det som skulle få honom att sluta kriga är om han känner att det inrikespolitiska stödet och förmågan att stanna kvar vid makten hotas.I klippet ovan hör du Marco Nilsson berätta vad han ser som största faran med Putin just nu och hur synen på säkerhetsläget hittills verkar skilja sig något mellan Finnland och Sverige.
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Kurdish women and TV journalism in Iraqi Kurdistan : Experiences and strategies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research. - : Intellect Ltd.. - 1751-9411 .- 1751-942X. ; 14:2, s. 169-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies on female TV journalists in the Middle East have been conducted. Neither have Bourdieus theoretical concepts been used to analyse women journalists experiences of their professional practice and their strategies for navigating a male-dominated media world in the Middle East. For this unique study, ten Kurdish women journalists that work for six different TV stations in Iraqi Kurdistan were interviewed. Informed by different forms of capital, the thematic analysis revealed four themes that capture the respondents experiences and strategies: coping with perceptions of pretty dolls and honorary men; coping with the threat of violence and a bad reputation; coping with the gendered distribution of news assignments; and tackling glass ceilings and unwritten rules. A particularly interesting result of the study was that while the strategies range from proclaiming any news hard news to openly defying orders from the managers, and to claiming that ones ability to advance depends on having a strong personality, the focus is consistently on individualistic survival strategies. When masculinity and male norms still dominate the contents of symbolic capital, it may result in seemingly counterproductive practices such as the lack of a distinct we feeling among women journalists. For women journalists, the cost of transforming their cultural and social capital into symbolic capital that is effective in the journalistic field is affected by both the journalistic field and the society at large, which creates contextually bound obstacles to women journalists in Iraqi Kurdistan.
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| 42. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Kurdish Women in the Kurdish-Turkish Conflict : Perceptions, Experiences, and Strategies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Middle Eastern Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0026-3206 .- 1743-7881. ; 54:4, s. 638-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes how Kurdish women experience the violence and other consequences of the civil war raging between the PKK and the Turkish state. Interviews conducted in Istanbul, Ankara, and Diyarbakir suggest that Kurdish women experience the conflict both as members of an oppressed minority and as women. The study first focuses on identifying sources of conflict related stress that are specific to women, such as the need to be silent to protect their families, and then analyzes the strategies that Kurdish women use to deal with this stress as women, including networking and education.
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| 43. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Labour market integration of refugees in Sweden : Analysing the interactions of CSOs at different levels
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of ethnic and migration studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 50:6, s. 1317-1335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a gap in knowledge regarding how civil society organisations (CSOs) interact at different levels when working to integrate refugees into the labour market—its causes and limitations. To contribute to filling the gap, this study employs both a rational choice perspective and sociological institutionalism to analyse how and why CSOs in Jönköping municipality in Sweden interacted with other relevant actors, both other CSOs (horizontally) and the public sector (vertically), to integrate refugees into the labour market after the refugee crisis in 2015 and what challenges they faced. It analyses different forms of interaction, that is, not only the relationship between the state and the civil society but also the one between different civil society organisations, which brings a new analytical dimension to the concept of coproduction to support refugees. By analysing the organisations’ interactions at different levels, the study identifies four themes: Striving to be flexible and service-minded organisations; between rational choice and institutionalisation of horizontal interactions; obstacles to horizontal interactions; and difficulty of measuring goal attainment.
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| 44. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
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Mental strategies for fighting the IS : A field study of the Peshmerga soldiers in Northern Iraq
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 39:11, s. 1007-1018
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the war against the Islamic State (IS), specifically on the front in northern Iraq, and the mental strategies that the Kurdish Peshmerga soldiers use to maintain their combat motivation. For this field study, dozens of soldiers of various ranks were interviewed and observed on three fronts outside of Mosul, Erbil, and Kirkuk in February 2014. While some mental strategies are nearly universal, others depend on the characteristics of the fighting force and the threat that they face. The article identifies five distinct mental strategies for dealing with the stress of fighting the IS: simultaneous dehumanization and humanization of the enemy, seeing a larger cause, use of humor, religious identity, and martyrdom. The findings suggest that factors beyond primary group cohesion, on which much previous research has focused, can play an important role in increasing soldiers’ fighting power.
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| 45. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
-
Motivations for Jihad and Cognitive Dissonance : A Qualitative Analysis of Former Swedish Jihadists
- 2022
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Ingår i: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1057-610X .- 1521-0731. ; 45:1, s. 92-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is based on interviews with three former Swedish jihadists, and it uses cognitive dissonance theory to analyze how their motivations for jihad changed—from the early stages of radicalization to fighting as part of a jihadist group and finally leaving jihad. It argues that cognitive dissonance is a causal mechanism, alternative to empathy and collective relative deprivation, that can explain how individuals with collective identities can be motivated to opt for jihad. For none of the interviewees did fundamentalist Islam provide a gateway into jihadism, nor did they seem to use Islam as a mere justification for violent behavior. Cognitive dissonance can also shed light on how motivations change and why some jihadists have not been susceptible to further radicalization by accepting even more radical ideas.
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| 46. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
-
Muslim Mothers in Ground Combat Against the Islamic State : Women’s Identities and Social Change in Iraqi Kurdistan
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Armed forces and society. - : Sage Publications. - 0095-327X .- 1556-0848. ; 44:2, s. 261-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the experiences and identities of Kurdish women fighting the Islamic State(IS) in northern Iraq as part of the Peshmerga Army. The case is especially interesting because these women have engaged in ground combat and because there is an empirical gap in knowledge, especially concerning Muslim women’s experiences as soldiers. Wars bring great destruction but can also catalyze social change. While seeking balance between their identities as good mothers and professional soldiers, many Kurdish women see their war participation as a chance to increase their agency and improve equality in society, as combat operations create a window of opportunity to change perceptions of women’s roles. Women soldiers still face prejudices and feel that they must prove their worth as fearless warriors in ground combat. However, interviewed soldiers said that they were not striving for equality but equivalency, stressing those qualities that women in particular can contribute in battle.
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| 47. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971
(författare)
-
Offense-Defense Balance, War Duration, and the Security Dilemma
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Conflict Resolution. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0027 .- 1552-8766. ; 56:3, s. 467-489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The systemic offense-defense theory argues that the security dilemma and the risk of war become doubly severe in offense-dominant eras in the state system. However, the theory assumes in support of its main argument that wars are shorter when offense has the advantage. This article empirically tests the expected connection between the systemic offense-defense balance and war duration. A statistical analysis of wars 1817-1992 disconfirms the theory's expectations. The article then draws different conclusions about the severity of the security dilemma when offense is dominant: both arms racing and the fear of aggression that the security dilemma thrives on should be less severe than offense-defense theorists assume.
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| 48. |
- Nilsson, Marco, 1971-
(författare)
-
Primary unit cohesion among the Peshmerga and Hezbollah
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Armed forces and society. - : Sage Publications. - 0095-327X .- 1556-0848. ; 44:4, s. 647-665
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the creation of primary unit cohesion among the Kurdish Peshmerga soldiers fighting the IS in northern Iraq and among Hezbollah fighters active in Syria. For this comparative study, Kurdish soldiers were interviewed on three fronts outside Mosul, Erbil, and Kirkuk in February 2015 and May 2016, and Hezbollah fighters were interviewed in Lebanon in March 2016. In contrast to many studies’ depictions of unit cohesion as relating to shared experiences of training and battle, this study argues that the Kurdish soldiers also import into their units various ideas relating to Kurdish identity. These include ideas about nationalism and reli gion, produced through discourses within the Kurdish military and society. However, Hezbollah seeks to minimize political damage in the multi-sectarian political context in Lebanon while conducting domestically contested military operations abroad. This has led to a downplaying of the sectarian aspects of the conflict, which could be imported from the Shia community to increase unit cohesion, and to an ideological framing of the conflict. The general ideas circulating in society and the political context therefore matter for the strategies that can be used to increase primary unit cohesion and soldiers’ fighting power.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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