| 1. |
- Berg, Aase, et al.
(författare)
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Complement Activation Correlates With Disease Severity and Contributes to Cytokine Responses in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1528-8366 .- 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 212:11, s. 1835-1840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of complement activation and its possible relation to cytokine responses during malaria pathology was investigated in plasma samples from patients with confirmed Plasmodium falciparum malaria and in human whole-blood specimens stimulated with malaria-relevant agents ex vivo. Complement was significantly activated in the malaria cohort, compared with healthy controls, and was positively correlated with disease severity and with certain cytokines, in particular interleukin 8 (IL-8)/CXCL8. This was confirmed in ex vivo-stimulated blood specimens, in which complement inhibition significantly reduced IL-8/CXCL8 release. P. falciparum malaria is associated with systemic complement activation and complement-dependent release of inflammatory cytokines, of which IL-8/CXCL8 is particularly prominent.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ekeblad, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors express the orexigen ghrelin
- 2006
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Ingår i: Endocrine-related cancer. - : Bioscientifica. - 1351-0088 .- 1479-6821. ; 13:3, s. 963-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of the neuroendocrine marker synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) has been reported in a few cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The goal of the present study was to assess the relevance of this finding and identify a possible hormone production in these tumors. We chose to study the orexigen ghrelin and its receptor, since these patients are seldom cachexic, even in advanced disease stages. We investigated ghrelin expression by means of immunohistochemistry on frozen or paraffin-embedded sections from 22 GISTs from a well-characterized patient material. Expression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, the ghrelin receptor, was investigated in a subset of lesions. In six tumors, mRNA levels of ghrelin, the ghrelin receptor, and SV2 were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Totally 17 out of 22 tumors showed immunoreactivity for ghrelin. Five out of ten tumors were immunoreactive for the ghrelin receptor, and all of these co-expressed ghrelin. All tumors expressed ghrelin, ghrelin receptor, and SV2 mRNA. GISTs frequently express SV2, ghrelin, and its receptor, indicating the presence of autocrine/paracrine loops.
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| 4. |
- Lindberg, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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"Taken by surprise" : Women's experiences of the first eight weeks after a second degree perineal tear at childbirth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study explores women's experience of having a second degree perineal tear and related consequences to daily life during the first eight weeks after childbirth.METHOD: Written responses to open-ended questions in a questionnaire distributed about eight weeks postpartum and completed by 1,007 women with second degree perineal tears were excerpted from the national quality register, Perineal Laceration Register. Inductive qualitative content analysis was applied to the data.RESULT: The theme Taken by surprise illustrates women's experience of the first two months after having a second degree perineal tear at childbirth. Women were not prepared for the inconveniences and expressed concerns about their bodies. Further, they expressed distress about their physical and psychological recovery as well as how to return to a pre-childbirth condition.CONCLUSIONS: Although many women recovered fairly well the first months after a second degree perineal tear at childbirth, it was evident that a substantial number of women were unprepared for the pain and discomfort they experienced. It is apparent that also women with the "minor" perineal tears at childbirth need improved postpartum care with tailored analgesia and improved information, but also check-ups and reassurance of recovery from healthcare professionals. Health care professionals need to identify women with persisting problems so that they can be referred to inpatient care for additional assessments of the injury.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Taken by surprise
- 2020
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study explores womens experience of having a second degree perineal tear and related consequences to daily life during the first eight weeks after childbirth. Method: Written responses to open-ended questions in a questionnaire distributed about eight weeks postpartum and completed by 1,007 women with second degree perineal tears were excerpted from the national quality register, Perineal Laceration Register. Inductive qualitative content analysis was applied to the data. Result: The theme Taken by surprise illustrates womens experience of the first two months after having a second degree perineal tear at childbirth. Women were not prepared for the inconveniences and expressed concerns about their bodies. Further, they expressed distress about their physical and psychological recovery as well as how to return to a pre-childbirth condition. Conclusions: Although many women recovered fairly well the first months after a second degree perineal tear at childbirth, it was evident that a substantial number of women were unprepared for the pain and discomfort they experienced. It is apparent that also women with the "minor" perineal tears at childbirth need improved postpartum care with tailored analgesia and improved information, but also check-ups and reassurance of recovery from healthcare professionals. Health care professionals need to identify women with persisting problems so that they can be referred to inpatient care for additional assessments of the injury. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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'A worse nightmare than expected' - a Swedish qualitative study of women's experiences two months after obstetric anal sphincter muscle injury
- 2018
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - London, United Kingdom : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 61, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: this study explores women's experiences of the first two months after obstetric anal sphincter injury ( OASIS) during childbirth with a focus on problematic recovery. Methods: this qualitative study used inductive qualitative content analysis to investigate open-ended responses from 1248 women. The data consists of short and comprehensive written responses to open-ended questions focusing on recovery in the national quality register, the Perineal Laceration Register, two months after OASIS at childbirth. Results: the theme 'A worse nightmare than expected' illustrated women's experiences of their life situation. Pain was a constant reminder of the trauma, and the women had to face physical and psychological limitations as well as crushed expectations of family life. Furthermore, navigating healthcare services for help added further stress to an already stressful situation. Conclusions: we found that women with problematic recovery two months after OASIS experienced their situation as a worse nightmare than expected. Extensive pain resulted in physical and psychological limitations, and crushed expectations of family life. Improved patient information for women with OASIS regarding pain, psychological and personal aspects, sexual function, and subsequent pregnancy delivery is needed. Also, there is a need for clear organizational structures and information to guide help-seeking women to needed care.
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| 7. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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“Struggling to settle with a damaged body” : a Swedish qualitative study of women’s experiences one year after obstetric anal sphincter muscle injury (OASIS) at childbirth
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 19, s. 36-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore women’s experiences related to recovery from obstetric anal sphincter muscle injuries (OASIS) one year after childbirth.MethodThis is a qualitative study based on written responses from 625 women approximately one year after childbirth in which OASIS occurred. Data was obtained from a questionnaire distributed by the national Perineal Laceration Register (PLR) in Sweden. Inductive qualitative content analysis was applied for analysis.ResultsThe theme “Struggling to settle with a damaged body “indicated that the first year after OASIS involved a struggle to settle to and accept living with a changed and sometimes still-wounded body. Many participants described problems related to a non-functional sexual life, physical and psychological problems that left them feeling used and broken, and increased worries for their future health and pregnancies. However, some women had adjusted to their situation, had moved on with their lives, and felt recovered and strong. Encountering a supportive and helpful health care professional was emphasized as vital for recovery after OASIS.ConclusionThis study provides important insights on how women experience their recovery approximately one year after having had OASIS at childbirth, wherein many women still struggled to settle into their damaged bodies. Clear pathways are needed within health care organizations to appropriate health care services that address both physical and psychological health problems of women with prolonged recovery after OASIS.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT | PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Nilsson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary supplementation with β-glucan enriched oat bran increases faecal concentration of carboxylic acids in healthy subjects
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 62:8, s. 978-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objective: Carboxylic acids (CAs), especially butyric acid, have been suggested to counteract colonic diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Colonic formation of CAs can be influenced by the diet, but the concentrations and pattern formed need to be evaluated for different food products in humans. To elucidate how the colonic concentration of CAs in healthy subjects is influenced by dietary supplementation with oat bran, and whether the concentration varies over time and during consecutive days. Subjects/Methods: Twenty-five healthy subjects ( age 24 +/- 1.3) were recruited to the study. The subjects were given 40 g beta-glucan enriched oat bran per day, corresponding to 20 g dietary fibre, in 4 slices of bread. CAs were analysed in faeces during three consecutive days after 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks on this diet. Results: The concentration of acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric and isovaleric acid was higher (P<0.05-0.001) after 8 weeks on the oat bran diet as compared with values at entry, whereas that of lactic acid was lower (P<0.05).After 12 weeks, the concentrations of acetic, propionic and isobutyric acid were still higher and that of lactic acid lower. The variation between individuals was considerable, whereas in the same individuals there was little variation. Conclusions: Oat bran increased the faecal concentration of CAs after 8 weeks, indicating an increased concentration also in the distal colon. The concentration of all main acids increased, except for lactic acid, which decreased. Oat bran may therefore have a preventive potential adjunct to colonic diseases.
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| 13. |
- Nordeman, Lena Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Early access to physical therapy treatment for subacute low back pain in primary health care: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Clinical journal of pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0749-8047. ; 22:6, s. 505-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of early access (EA) to physical therapy treatment for patients with subacute low back pain compared to access with a 4-week waiting list. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Primary health care. PATIENTS: Sixty consecutive patients with subacute low back pain. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized either to EA within 2 days for physical examination and individualized physical therapy treatment (n=32) or a control group with a 4-week waiting list (n=28). OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-administrated questionnaires were used for assessment at inclusion, at discharge, and at 6 months. Primary outcome measure was pain intensity assessed by Borg category scale for ratings of perceived pain. Secondary outcomes included the Orebro musculoskeletal pain screening questionnaire, the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire, sick-leave, visits to health care, and physical therapy. RESULTS: The results showed no significant differences in pain between the groups at discharge. At 6 months, the reduction of pain was significantly greater in the EA group compared to the control group (P=0.025). Changes in secondary outcome measures were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that EA to physical therapy resulted in greater improvement in perceived pain at 6 months compared to later access. In this study, EA to physical therapy could be introduced by reorganization without additional resources.
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| 14. |
- Orwelius, Lotti, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish RAND-36 Health Survey - reliability and responsiveness assessed in patient populations using Svensson's method for paired ordinal data.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 2509-8020. ; 2:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Short Form 36-Item Survey is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing health-related quality of life. Two identical versions of the original instrument are currently available: the public domain, license free RAND-36 and the commercial SF-36.RAND-36 is not available in Swedish. The purpose of this study was threefold: to translate and culturally adapt the RAND-36 into Swedish; to evaluate its reliability and responsiveness using Svensson's method for paired ordered categorical data; and to assess the usability of an electronic version of the questionnaire.The translation process included forward and backward translations and reconciliation. Test-retest reliability was examined during a period of two-weeks in 84 patients undergoing dialysis for chronic kidney disease. Responsiveness was examined in 97 patients before and 2 months after a cardiac rehabilitation program. Usability tests and cognitive debriefing of the electronic questionnaire were carried out with 18 patients.Results: The Swedish translation of the RAND-36 was conceptually equivalent to the English version. Test-retest reliability was supported by non-significant relative position (RP) values among dialysis patients for all RAND-36 subscales (range - 0.02 to 0.10; all confidence intervals (CI) included zero). Responsiveness was demonstrated by significant improvements in RP values among cardiac rehabilitation patients for all subscales (range 0.22-0.36; lower limits of all CI > 0.1) except two subscales (General health, RP -0.02; CI -0.13 to 0.10; and Role functioning/emotional, RP 0.03; CI -0.09 to 0.16). In cardiac rehabilitation patients, sizable individual variation (RV > 0.2) was also shown for the Pain, Energy/fatigue and Social functioning subscales.The electronic version of RAND-36 was found easy and intuitive to use.Conclusions: Our results provide evidence supporting the reliability and responsiveness of the newly translated Swedish RAND-36 and the user-friendliness of the electronic version. Svensson's method for paired ordinal data was able to characterize not only the direction and size of differences among the patients' responses at different time points but also variations in response patterns within groups. The method is therefore, besides being suitable for ordinal data, also an important and novel tool for gaining insights into patients' response patterns to treatment or interventions, thus informing individualized care.
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| 15. |
- Sjödin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Binding of 14C-labeled food mutagens (IQ, MeIQ, MeIQx) by dietary fiber in vitro.
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 50:6, s. 1680-1684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Binding of three mutagens, known to occur in fried or broiled foods, by thirteen different types of dietary fiber was investigated in vitro. Nonspecific binding by other food polymers was minimized by using protease and amylase treatment. Water‐insoluble fiber components were responsible for most of the binding capacity. Generally, a slightly larger proportion of 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo [4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ) than of 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo [4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ) and 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo] ‐4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was bound. There was a significant correlation between Klason lignin content and binding of mutagens. Optimum pH for binding was between 4 and 6. Dietary fiber from sorghum had the highest binding capacity, which could be due to the presence of a large Klason lignin fraction.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Pain management for children with cerebral palsy in school settings in two cultures: action and reaction approaches
- 2018
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 40:18, s. 2152-2162
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) face particular challenges, e.g. daily pain that threaten their participation in school activities. This study focuses on how teachers, personal assistants, and clinicians in two countries with different cultural prerequisites, Sweden and South Africa, manage the pain of children in school settings. Method: Participants’ statements collected in focus groups were analysed using a directed qualitative content analysis framed by a Frequency of attendance-Intensity of involvement model, which was modified into a Knowing-Doing model. Results: Findings indicated that pain management focused more on children’s attendance in the classroom than on their involvement, and a difference between countries in terms of action-versus-reaction approaches. Swedish participants reported action strategies to prevent pain whereas South African participants primarily discussed interventions when observing a child in pain. Conclusion: Differences might be due to school- and healthcare systems. To provide effective support when children with CP are in pain in school settings, an action-and-reaction approach would be optimal and the use of alternative and augmentative communication strategies would help to communicate children’s pain. As prevention of pain is desired, structured surveillance and treatment programs are recommended along with trustful collaboration with parents and access to “hands-on” pain management when needed.Implications for rehabilitation•When providing support, hands-on interventions should be supplemented by structured preventive programs and routines for parent collaboration (action-and-reaction approach).•When regulating support, Sweden and South Africa can learn from each other;○In Sweden, the implementation of a prevention program has been successful.○In South Africa, the possibilities giving support directly when pain in children is observed have been beneficial.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Magnus Stenbocksskolan - karriärskola mitt i förändringen?
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I tre fallrapporter från forskningsprojektet Framgångsrikt skolledarskap i olika skolkulturer presenteras resultat från omfattande empiriska undersökningar vid tre skolor. I rapporterna beskrivs och problematiseras skolornas respektive kultur: den aktuella gymnasieskolans kunskapskultur, där bildning kommit att bli ett kännetecken; den utvalda f-9-skolans karriärkultur, utsatt för ett kraftfullt förändringstryck från både elever och från den förvandling av såväl pedagogiska arbetsformer som av lärarnas arbete som nu pågår; slutligen f-6-skolan där en ursprunglig tvångskultur förvandlats till en skolkultur som betonar elevernas sociala och kulturella integration. Detta är emellertid endast bakgrunden till rapporternas egentliga fokus: undersökningen av tre välfungerande skolledares sätt att utöva skolledarskap i olika skolkulturer. Ur ett omfattande undersökningsmaterial växer tre skolledarskap fram. Här finner vi rektorn som är en kulturell insider men som förväntas utöva ett kulturförändrande ledarskap på en synnerligen traditionstyngd skola. Och visionären som har denna kulturförvandling bakom sig och som nu förväntas profilera en gymnasieskola med vikande söktal och som gör det genom att knyta an till skolans humanistiska bildningstradition. Slutligen den kommunikative skolledaren som skyr företeelsen lojalitet och som framgångsrikt lett förvandlingen av en problemtyngd skola till en folkskola mitt i den mångkulturella byn.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Ingrid
(författare)
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Vård som inte blivit utförd : Uppfattningar från vårdpersonal och enhetschefer inom kommunal vård och omsorg för äldre
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Övergripande syfte – Att undersöka samt öka och fördjupa kunskapen om vård som inte blivit utförd, inom kommunal vård och omsorg för äldre, utifrån vårdpersonals och enhetschefers uppfattningar och erfarenheter.Metod – Forskningsområdet vård som inte blivit utförd inom kommunal vård och omsorg för äldre kartlades med en scoping review, 16 artiklar inkluderades (I). Kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod användes för att samla in och analysera data (II-IV). Det genomfördes en tvärsnittsstudie med 624 sjuksköterskor, undersköterskor och vårdbiträden som besvarade ett frågeformulär med flervalsfrågor och en öppen fråga. Instrumentet Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care for Nursing Homes (BERNCA-NH) samt studiespecifika frågor, för svensk kommunal kontext om vård som inte blivit utförd användes. Beskrivande och analytisk statistik användes samt kvalitativ innehållsanalys (II). En översättning, anpassning och validering av BERNCA-NH gjordes med explorativ faktoranalys (III). En intervjustudie genomfördes med 24 enhetschefer inom kommunal vård och omsorg för äldre, där deras uppfattningar av vård som inte blivit utförd efterfrågades. Analysen utfördes med fenomenografisk ansats (IV).Resultat – Det förekommer att vård inte blivit utförd inom kommunal vård och omsorg för äldre, orsakat av tidsbrist eller på grund av organisatoriska förhållanden (I, II). Instrumentet BERNCA-NH/HC, SWE indikerade en god reliabilitet och validitet, men ytterligare tester behövs (III). Enhetschefer som är medvetna om förekomsten av att vård inte alltid blir utförd, försöker följa upp händelserna för att förebygga att det ska hända igen. Vård som inte blivit utförd kan innebära negativa konsekvenser för både vårdpersonal och de äldre (IV).Konklusion – Det är av vikt att få kännedom om vård som inte blivit utförd samt att det går att mäta. Utifrån det kan orsaker diskuteras och förbättringsarbete ske. Vård som inte blivit utförd är relaterat till patientsäkerhet och behöver lyftas upp på agendan.
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| 23. |
- Andres, Sonke, et al.
(författare)
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Type I Restriction-Modification Loci Reveal High Allelic Diversity in Clinical Helicobacter pylori Isolates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Helicobacter. - : Wiley. - 1083-4389 .- 1523-5378. ; 15:2, s. 114-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A remarkable variety of restriction-modification (R-M) systems is found in Helicobacter pylori. Since they encompass a large portion of the strain-specific H. pylori genes and therefore contribute to genetic variability, they are suggested to have an impact on disease outcome. Type I R-M systems comprise three different subunits and are the most complex of the three types of R-M systems. Aims: We investigated the genetic diversity and distribution of type I R-M systems in clinical isolates of H. pylori. Material and methods: Sixty-one H. pylori isolates from a Swedish hospital based case-control study and 6 H. pylori isolates of a Swedish population-based study were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction for the presence of the three R-M systems' subunits. Representative gene variants were sequenced. Results: Although the hsdM and hsdR genes appeared conserved in our clinical H. pylori isolates, the sequences of the hsdS loci were highly variable. Despite their sequence diversity, the genes per se were present at high frequencies. We identified a number of novel allelic hsdS variants, which are distinct from corresponding hsdS loci in the sequenced H. pylori strains 26695, J99 and HPAG1. In analyses of paired H. pylori isolates, obtained from the same individuals with a 4-year interval, we observed genetic modifications of hsdS genes in patients with atrophic gastric mucosa. Discussion: We propose that the genetic variability of hsdS genes in a bacterial population will give rise to new specificities of these enzymes, which might lead to adaptation to an ever-changing gastric environment.
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| 24. |
- Areskoug, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Naturvetenskapens bärande idéer i praktiken : metodik för lärare F-6
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här boken ges konkreta förslag på hur man kan arbeta med naturvetenskap i årskurserna F-6. Läraren ska kunna erbjuda lärandesituationer där eleverna kan skapa sig grundläggande förståelse för energi, materia, ekologi, människokroppen, krafter och vårt solsystem.
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| 25. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy workplaces for women and men of all ages
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this knowledge compilation is to contribute with knowledge about the work environment in relation to the ever-older workforce. How do employee needs and possibilities change from a course of life perspective? What should the employer and other work environment actors think about in order for the workforce to be able to and want to work to a high age?The Swedish Work Environment Authority wishes to give an overarching knowledge profile of different aspects of the work environment and the ageing workforce, and we therefore asked seven researchers to summarise the research-based knowledge within each of their areas, from a course of life and gender perspective. An eighth researcher acted as an editor for the anthology, and has also written the preface.In summary, the report shows that we are becoming even healthier, living ever longer and working to an ever higher age. Older people in the workforce are positive for the economy because productivity increases, and the business sector can make use of competent and experienced staff for a longer time. But for the older labour force to be healthy and want to work at higher ages, one needs to take into consideration how ageing influences health and the capacity to work. With age, all people are affected to different degrees by reduced vision, hearing and physical capacity, as well as longer reaction times. Even their cognitive capacity changes. Certain cognitive abilities are strengthened with rising age, while others deteriorate. With an ageing workforce, more employees have chronic illnesses, which, however, seldom affect the actual working ability. Changes in working life also affect health and wellbeing, for example deregulated work and the technical development. Age and previous experiences impact upon our ability to adapt to these changes. One factor that promotes adaptation is partly resilience (that is to say, resistance and the ability to adapt to the new), partly compensation strategies when the mental and physical resources change. There are no great differences between gender when it comes to the consequences of ageing on health and wellbeing in the work. On the other hand, the public health trend shows increasing differences in health between the lower educated and the higher educated - a difference increasing more quickly among women than among men. The gender-segregated labour market also means that more women than men work in physical and mentally burdensome work. Attitudes at the workplace also affect wellbeing and the will to continue working at higher ages. Men tend to be more sensitive to age discrimination while women run the risk of double discrimination, that is to say based upon both gender and age. Work environment and the attitude to an older workforce are central to the considerations that an employee makes in the choice between continuing to work and retiring. Other prerequisites that influence the decision are one’s own health, private finances and self-fulfilling activities.The employer can do a great deal to lengthen and improve their employees’ working life. Systematic work environment management benefits everyone, and it can contribute to everyone keeping their working ability and to older people wanting to and being able to work for longer. Occupational health services of good quality also play an important role. Technical aids and adaptation of the working pace and working tasks are other measures that improve the work environment for the older workforce. The employer can also contribute to stimulating work arrangements and organisational support for the employees in order to strengthen their resilience and promote the development of compensation strategies.
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| 26. |
- Aspengren, Sara, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Different strategies for color change
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 66, s. 187-191
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
- Aspengren, Sara, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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New Insights into Melanosome Transport in Vertebrate Pigment Cells
- 2008
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Vol 272 (edited by Kwang W. Jeon). - : Elsevier. - 9780123747471 ; 272, s. 245-302
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pigment cells of lower vertebrates provide an excellent model to study organelle transport as they specialize in the translocation of pigment granules in response to defined chemical cues. This review will focus on the well-studied melanophore/melanocyte systems in fish, amphibians, and mammals. We will describe the roles of melanin, melanophores, and melanocytes in animals, current views on how the three motor proteins dynein, kinesin, and myosin-V are involved in melanosome transport along microtubules and actin filaments, and how signal transduction pathways regulate the activities of the motors to achieve aggregation and dispersion of melanosomes. We will also describe how melanosomes are transferred to surrounding skin cells in amphibians and mammals. Comparative studies have revealed that the ability of physiological color change is lost during evolution while the importance of morphological color change, mainly via transfer of pigment to surrounding skin cells, increases. In humans, pigment mainly has a role in protection against ultraviolet radiation, but also perhaps in the immune system.
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| 28. |
- Aspengren, Sara, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Noradrenaline- and melatonin-mediated regulation of pigment aggregation in fish melanophores
- 2003
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Ingår i: Pigment Cell Research. - : Wiley. - 0893-5785. ; 16:1, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of melatonin and noradrenaline (NA) on bi-directional melanosome transport were analysed in primary cultures of melanophores from the Atlantic cod. Both agents mediated rapid melanosome aggregation, and by using receptor antagonists, melatonin was found to bind to a melatonin receptor whereas NA binds to an α2-adrenoceptor. It has previously been stated that melatonin-mediated melanosome aggregation in Xenopus is coupled with tyrosine phosphorylation of a so far unidentified high molecular weight protein and we show that although acting through different receptors and through somewhat different downstream signalling events, tyrosine phosphorylation is of the utmost importance for melanosome aggregation mediated by both NA and melatonin in cod melanophores. Together with cyclic adenosine 3-phosphate-fluctuations, tyrosine phosphorylation functions as a switch signal for melanosome aggregation and dispersion in these cells.
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| 29. |
- Axelsson, Josefine, 1992-
(författare)
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Interglacial climates in proxies and models : Utilizing sampled oxygen isotopes and model simulations to understand past Indian summer monsoon variability
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study of Earth's climate system, including the mechanisms driving monsoon systems, is a key area of research within environmental sciences. Monsoons, vital for billions of people, are complex atmospheric phenomena influenced by various global factors, including orbital changes and natural climate variability. Among monsoon systems, the Indian summer Monsoon (ISM) is of particular interest due to its significant impact on the South Asian climate, agriculture, and water resources. Despite extensive study, comprehending the ISM's historical variability and its future implications remains a challenge. Utilizing natural archives like speleothems, along with stable water isotopes from precipitation and advanced climate model simulations, this thesis aims to decipher the ISM's responses to natural forcings across key interglacial periods—the Last Interglacial and the Holocene.Our findings indicate that the ISM's strength is critically influenced by slight variations in orbital configurations, leading to significant shifts in monsoon patterns. Our research also highlights the dual influence of local geographical features and distant atmospheric conditions on the ISM's annual variability. Most notably, we observed discrepancies between δ18O values obtained from isotope-enabled climate models and those derived from speleothems. This insight indicates that the models need refinement to accurately mirror the complexities observed in the proxy records and that the uncertainty parameter in speleothem records needs to be improved.The alignment between proxy and model data is crucial for a more accurate reconstruction of past climates and for enhancing the predictive capabilities of future monsoon behavior under changing climatic conditions. By advancing our knowledge of the ISM's past, we are better equipped to anticipate its future. To achieve that, this thesis stresses the importance of bridging the gap between proxy data insights and climate model simulations. This would not only enrich our historical climate knowledge but also inform future climate projections, highlighting the indispensable role of interdisciplinary research in climate science challenges.
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| 30. |
- Balldin, J, et al.
(författare)
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A 6-month controlled naltrexone study: Combined effect with cognitive behavioral therapy in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence
- 2003
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In several studies, patients with alcohol dependence treated with the opioid antagonist naltrexone have shown fewer relapses to heavy drinking than those receiving placebo. An interaction between the naltrexone effect and the type of psychological therapy has been observed. Methods: A 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was performed at 10 different investigation sites. After a placebo run-in period of 1 week, 118 patients were randomized into 4 treatment groups—50 mg of naltrexone daily or placebo in combination with either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or supportive therapy. The CBT was performed over nine sessions according to the manual of Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity). The supportive therapy was defined as "the treatment as usual." Alcohol consumption, craving, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, medication compliance by tablet count, and adverse clinical events were assessed at all visits. Other liver enzymes and psychiatric symptoms were also determined. Results: Ninety-one (77%) patients completed the study, and 92 (78%) were 80% compliant with the medication regimen. A lower percentage of heavy-drinking days was shown in the naltrexone group (p = 0.045) compared with the placebo group, as was a lower craving score (p = 0.029). These results are supported by the lower levels of liver enzyme activities (p < 0.010 for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase), but not by the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels, in the naltrexone group. The mean time period before the first day of heavy drinking was longer for the group treated with CBT (p = 0.010), especially in combination with naltrexone (p = 0.007). Naltrexone was well tolerated, and no patients discontinued the study due to side effects. Conclusions: This study supports the effect of naltrexone in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence and suggests that a beneficial interaction effect with CBT can be expected.
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| 31. |
- Bazsefidpay, Nikoo, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic prescription in bone augmentation and dental implant procedures : a multi-center study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6831. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Adherence to antibiotic recommendations and safety aspects of restrictive use are important components when combating antibiotic resistance. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of national guidelines on antibiotic prescriptions for bone augmentation procedures among dentists working at three specialized clinics. The secondary aim was to assess the occurrence of postoperative infections.METHODS: Medical charts of 400 patients treated with bone augmentation were reviewed: 200 in the years 2010-2011 and 200 in 2014-2015. The Swedish national recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis were published in 2012.RESULTS: There was a wide variation in antibiotic regiments prescribed throughout the study. The number of patients treated with antibiotic prophylaxis in a single dose of 2 g amoxicillin, and treated as advocated in the national recommendations, was low and decreasing between the two time periods from 25% (n = 50/200) in 2010-2011 to 18.5% (n = 37/200) in 2014-2015. The number of patients not given any antibiotics either as a prophylactic single dose or during the postoperative phase increased (P < 0.001). The administration of a 3-7-days antibiotic prescription increased significantly from 25.5% in 2010-2011 to 35% in 2014-2015. The postoperative infection rates (4.5% and 6.5%) were without difference between the studied periods. Smoking and omitted antibiotic prophylaxis significantly increased the risk of postoperative infection. Logistic regression analyses showed that patient male gender and suffering from a disease were predictive factors for the clinician to adhere to the guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: After introduction of national recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis before bone augmentation procedures, the patient group receiving a single preoperative dose decreased while the group not given antibiotic prophylaxis increased. There was no difference in occurrence of postoperative infections between the two time periods. The results indicate a need for educational efforts and strategies for implementation of antibiotic prudence and awareness among surgeons performing bone augmentation procedures.
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| 32. |
- Beach, Dennis, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in teacher education in Sweden in the neo-liberal education age: Toward an occupation in itself or a profession for itself?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-4508. ; 6:3, s. 641-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last two decades, the Swedish welfare state has been radically transformed in a neo-liberal direction, including extensive decentralisation and marketisation of the education sector with significant consequences for the work and professional identities of its teachers. Teacher education has also been directly included in this transformation. The present article addresses the changes that have been introduced. We are concerned that key elements of theoretical disciplinary professional knowledge may be lost in the transformation at serious cost to future teachers and teacher professionalism, and that research knowledge that would help in this respect is no longer being financed for production nor communicated as examined knowledge in teacher education in Sweden today.
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| 33. |
- Beach, Dennis, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Schooling and the professionalisation of teaching in Sweden: A socio-historical perspective
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Staus of the Teaching Profession. - Oxford : Routledge. - 9780367487300 - 9781003042563 ; , s. 101-121, s. 101-121
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents a socio-historical perspective on the origin and development of the Swedish school field and the teaching professions. With Bourdieu as a source of inspiration, the school field is defined as a system of specialized institutions and agents (church, state, academy, teachers’ unions) who, based on different interests and positions, compete for recognition and power to define the aims and subject content of school education. The historical overview shows how the struggles between established and competing knowledge ideals and interests challenged the existing field structures and resulted in the establishment of new school forms and teacher categories. The history of the school field is presented in five phases. The first three phases cover the emergence, formation and consolidation of a socially segregated school system. The fourth phase begins with the welfare state’s efforts to counteract the segmentation characterizing the traditional schools and teacher categories, by establishing a secularized and integrated school system with a unified teaching profession. Also, referring to Freidson (2001), the development of profession-specific knowledge was an important State initiative. Today the school field is characterized by communalization and deregulation and new logics of segmentation have had far reaching consequences for teaching as profession.
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| 34. |
- Beach, Dennis, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The neo-liberal school market and the status of teachers as licensed professionals
- 2014
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Ingår i: The International University Center Academic Conference on FRAMING EXPERTISE: Scientific Knowledge and Systems of Profession, Dubrovnik, Croatia, April 22-25th, 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research focussing on the economic restructuring and reorganisation of schools and schooling in Europe, particularly in the two most recent decades, has shown that these processes have culminated in a transformation of the professional work of teachers. From being State regulated practices relatively uninfluenced by commercial interests, teachers' work today is now firmly encapsulated in marketised relations. The swift nature of the Swedish school reforms around the logics of the market shifts the responsibility for education performances from the state to the local and private schools and begs questions about the future of state education along the lines of the former welfare state "Folk-home" model. What are the consequenses of this reconstruction for the professional field and professional agents and agency? This article explores possible answers to this question in relation to the decentralisation and marketisation of schools in Sweden and the introduction of teacher licensing as a marker of professional status.
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| 35. |
- Berger, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Cereal Byproducts Have Prebiotic Potential in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 62:32, s. 8169-8178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley husks, rye bran, and a fiber residue from oat milk production were processed by heat pretreatment, various separation steps, and treatment with an endoxylanase in order to improve the prebiotic potential of these cereal byproducts. Metabolic functions were intended to improve along with improved microbial activity. The products obtained were included in a high-fat mouse diet so that all diets contained 5% dietary fiber. In addition, high-fat and low-fat controls as well as partially hydrolyzed guar gum were included in the study. The soluble fiber product obtained from rye bran caused a significant increase in the bifidobacteria (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.38 (6.04−6.66) and 7.47 (7.30−7.74), respectively; p < 0.001) in parallel with a tendency of increased production of propionic acid and indications of improved metabolic function compared with high-fat fed control mice. The oat-derived product caused an increase in the pool of cecal propionic (from 0.62 ± 0.12 to 0.94 ± 0.08) and butyric acid (from 0.38 ± 0.04 to 0.60 ± 0.04) compared with the high-fat control, and it caused a significant increase in lactobacilli (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.83 (6.65−7.53) and 8.04 (7.86−8.33), respectively; p < 0.01) in the cecal mucosa. However, no changes in measured metabolic parameters were observed by either oat or barley products.
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| 36. |
- Bergman, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide linkage scan for breast cancer susceptibility loci in Swedish hereditary non-BRCA1/2 families : Suggestive linkage to 10q23.32-q25.3
- 2007
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Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 46:3, s. 302-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified more than 10 years ago and, depending on population, mutations in these genes are responsible for a varying percentage of familial breast cancer. In more than half the families, the increased risk of breast cancer cannot be explained by mutations in these genes, and the goal of this study was to locate novel susceptibility genes. One of the main difficulties in identifying the cause of hereditary non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer is genetic heterogeneity, possibly due to multiple, incompletely penetrant susceptibility genes, along with ethnic and geographic differences. In this study, one large family and 13 small to medium-sized families with multiple cases of breast cancer were analyzed by genome-wide linkage analysis. The genome scan was performed by genotype analysis of 10,000 SNP markers on microarrays. The strongest evidence of linkage (HLOD 2.34) was obtained on chromosome region 10q23.32-q25.3. A further two regions were identified, with LOD scores above 2.10 on 12q14-q21 and 19p13.3-q12. In a subset of families of western Swedish origin, two regions generated LOD scores exceeding 1.8: 10q23.32-q25.3 and 19q13.12-q13.32. The large family in the study exceeded LOD 1.5 in three regions: 10q23.32-q25.3, 19q13.12-q13.32, and 17p13. Our results indicate that one or more of the suggested regions may harbor genes that are involved in the development of breast cancer.
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| 37. |
- Billger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Calpain processing of brain microtubules from the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Molecular and cellular biochemistry. - 0300-8177. ; 121:1, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microtubules isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) brains retained assembly competence and ultraculture, although treatment with rabbit calpain resulted in loss of MAPs. In addition, spirals and aberrant structures formed when calpain I was activated post assembly. No such effect was seen with calpain II. Soluble fractions from cod brain were found to contain proteolytic activity that could be blocked by exogenously added calpastatin. Calpain was also isolated from cod muscle tissue with 10 times less yield, compared to rabbit lung. On the basis of Ca(2+)-requirements for activation in the mM range, electrophoretic mobility, antigenicity and hydrophobicity, we conclude that the proteolytic activity was attributable to calpain II. There was no difference in effects of rabbit and cod calpain II on cod microtubule proteins, indicating that calpain is a conserved protein. Our results suggest that calpains might be involved in the Ca(2+)-dependent irreversible regulation of cod brain microtubules.
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| 38. |
- Bjursell, Cecilia, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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PMM2 mutation spectrum, including 10 novel mutations, in a large CDG type 1A family material with a focus on Scandinavian families.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Human mutation. - 1098-1004 .- 1059-7794. ; 16:5, s. 395-400
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type IA (CDG IA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized clinically by severe involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system, and biochemically by complex defects in carbohydrate residues in a number of serum glycoproteins. CDG IA is caused by mutations in the PMM2 gene located in chromosome region 16p13. In this study, 61 CDG type IA patients (122 chromosomes) were screened for mutations in the PMM2 gene using a combination of SSCP and sequence analysis. More than 95% of the mutations could be detected. All of them were missense mutations. Mutations 422G>A and 357C>A were strikingly more common in the material and comprised 58% of mutations detected. Of the 20 mutations found, 10 were not reported previously. Seven mutations, e.g. 26G>A (five alleles) and 548T>C (seven alleles), were found only in Scandinavian families. The most common genotype was 357C>A/422G>A (36%). Three patients were homozygous, 357C>A/357C>A (two cases), and 548T>C/548T>C (one case). No patients homozygous for the most common mutation 422G>A were detected. The different mutations were clustered e.g., in that most were located in exon 5 (five) and exon 8 (six), while no mutation was detected in exon 2. When the frequencies of each mutation were included, exon 5 comprised 61% (65 chromosomes) of the mutations; in Scandinavian patients the frequency of these mutations was 72%. Thus, analysis of exon five in these patients enables both reliable and time-saving first screening in prenatal diagnostic cases. This could be followed by a second step of additional strategies for the detection of other mutations.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Project as practice : making project research matter
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IRNOP VII project research conference. - Beijing : China Publishing House of Electronics Industry. - 712103252X ; , s. 540-549
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Project theory is not only an immature field of research, it is insubstantial when it comes to understanding what is really going on in projects. This paper contributes to making project research matter to the academic as well as the practitioner through the theoretical development of a project-as-practice approach, aligned with an ongoing debate in social science research. We outline the framework of project-as-practice and argue that there are two major challenges to the researcher: the relevance challenge and the pattern challenge. We suggest how these challenges can be met and give some examples of earlier studies that have done so. The practice approach is not a substitute to present theorizing but rather a complement that brings substance. Finally, underlying notions of the practice approach are outlined in order to have a fruitful future development of a project-as-practice approach that makes project theory matter!
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Borghammar, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Non-functioning pituitary microadenoma in children and adolescents : Is follow-up with diagnostic imaging necessary?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 79, s. 152-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: No consensus exists regarding follow-up recommendations for suspected pituitary microadenoma in children. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the growth potential of pituitary solid and cystic lesions <10 mm in children and evaluated the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements.METHODS: The children included were <18 years at first pituitary MRI and radiologically diagnosed with a non-functioning microadenoma or cyst <10 mm. Lesion size at first and latest MRI as well as all individual MRI examinations were re-evaluated.RESULTS: In total, 74 children, median age 12 years (range 3-17), had a non-functioning microadenoma, probable microadenoma, or cyst. Of these, 55 underwent repeated MRI (median 3, range 2-7) with a median follow-up of 37 months (range 4-189). None of the pituitary lesions without hormonal disturbances increased significantly during follow-up. Two radiologists agreed that no lesion could be identified in 38/269 (14%) MRI examinations, and in 51/231 (22%) they disagreed about lesion location. In 34/460 (7%) MRI measurements size differed >2 mm, which had been considered significant progression.CONCLUSION: Non-functioning pituitary microadenoma in children has small size variations, often below the spatial resolution of the scanners. We suggest lesions <4 mm only for clinical follow-up, lesions 4-6 mm for MRI after 2 years and ≥7 mm MRI after 1 and 3 years, with clinical follow-up in between. If no progression, further MRI should only be performed after new clinical symptoms or hormonal disturbances.
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| 44. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
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| 45. |
- Brännström, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual knowledge in patients with a myocardial infarction and their partners
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0889-4655 .- 1550-5049. ; 29:4, s. 332-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sexual health and sexual activity are important elements of an individual's well-being. For couples, this topic is often affected after a myocardial infarction (MI). It has become increasingly clear that, after an MI, patients are insufficiently educated on how to resume normal sexual activity. However, sufficient data on the general knowledge that patients and partners have about sexual activity and MI are lacking.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to explore and compare patients' and partners' sexual knowledge 1 month after a first MI and 1 year after the event and to compare whether the individual knowledge had changed over time. A second aim was to investigate whether patients and their partners report receiving information about sexual health and sexual activity from healthcare professionals during the first year after the event and how this information was perceived.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This descriptive, comparative survey study enrolled participants from 13 Swedish hospitals in 2007-2009. A total of 115 patients with a first MI and their partners answered the Sex After MI Knowledge Test questionnaire 1 month after the MI and 1 year after the event. Correct responses generated a maximum score of 75.RESULTS: Only 41% of patients and 31% of partners stated that they had received information on sex and relationships at the 1 year follow-up. The patients scored 51 ± 10 on the Sex After MI Knowledge Test at inclusion into the study, compared with the 52 ± 10 score for the partners. At the 1-year follow-up, the patients' knowledge had significantly increased to a score of 55 ± 7, but the partners' knowledge did not significantly change (53 ± 10).CONCLUSIONS: First MI patients and their partners reported receiving limited information about sexual issues during the cardiac rehabilitation and had limited knowledge about sexual health and sexual activity.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Carlsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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LC–MS/MS Screening Strategy for Unknown Adducts to N-Terminal Valine in Hemoglobin Applied to Smokers and Nonsmokers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemical Research in Toxicology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0893-228X .- 1520-5010. ; 27:12, s. 2062-2070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrophilically reactive compounds have the ability to form adducts with nucleophilic sites in DNA and proteins, constituting a risk for toxic effects. Mass spectrometric detection of adducts to N-terminal valine in hemoglobin (Hb) after detachment by modified Edman degradation procedures is one approach for in vivo monitoring of exposure to electrophilic compounds/metabolites. So far, applications have been limited to one or a few selected reactive species, such as acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide. This article presents a novel screening strategy for unknown Hb adducts to be used as a basis for an adductomic approach. The method is based on a modified Edman procedure, FIRE, specifically developed for LC-MS/MS analysis of N-terminal valine adducts in Hb detached as fluorescein thiohydantoin (FTH) derivatives. The aim is to detect and identify a priori unknown Hb adducts in human blood samples. Screening of valine adducts was performed by stepwise scanning of precursor ions in small mass increments, monitoring four fragments common for the FTH derivative of valine with different N-substitutions in the multiple-reaction mode, covering a mass range of 135 Da (m/z 503-638). Samples from six smokers and six nonsmokers were analyzed. Control experiments were performed to compare these results with known adducts and to check for artifactual formation of adducts. In all samples of smokers and nonsmokers, seven adducts were identified, of which six have previously been studied. Nineteen unknown adducts were observed, and 14 of those exhibited fragmentation patterns similar to earlier studied FTH derivatives of adducts to valine. Identification of the unknown adducts will be the focus of future work. The presented methodology is a promising screening tool using Hb adducts to indicate exposure to potentially toxic electrophilic compounds and metabolites.
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| 48. |
- Carlsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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Smokeless tobacco (snus) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes : results from five pooled cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 281:4, s. 398-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Smoking and nicotine exposure increase insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) is high in nicotine, and its use is prevalent in Scandinavian countries, but few studies have investigated snus use in relation to diabetes risk.OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between snus use and risk of type 2 diabetes using pooled data from five cohorts.METHODS: Analyses were based on prospective studies conducted between 1990 and 2013 including 54 531 never-smoking men and 2441 incident cases of type 2 diabetes identified through screening, self-reporting and hospital and prescription registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed and adjusted for age, body mass index, educational level, alcohol consumption and physical activity.RESULTS: Compared to never users, the HR of type 2 diabetes was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00-1.32) in current users of snus. In individuals consuming 5-6 boxes per week, the HR was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.07-1.87); in those consuming ≥7 boxes per week, the HR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.17-2.41). Each additional box of snus consumed per week yielded an HR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.16).CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that high consumption of snus is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The risk was similar to that in smokers, implying that smokers will not reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes by changing to snus use. The results also support the notion that nicotine increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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| 49. |
- Cederholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Forskaren, samhället och jäv
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 105:16, s. 7-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
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