| 1. |
- Hernández-Neuta, Iván, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Highly multiplexed targeted sequencing strategy for infectious disease surveillance
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Biotechnology. - 1472-6750. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Global efforts to characterize diseases of poverty are hampered by lack of affordable and comprehensive detection platforms, resulting in suboptimal allocation of health care resources and inefficient disease control. Next generation sequencing (NGS) can provide accurate data and high throughput. However, shotgun and metagenome-based NGS approaches are limited by low concentrations of microbial DNA in clinical samples, requirements for tailored sample and library preparations plus extensive bioinformatics analysis. Here, we adapted molecular inversion probes (MIPs) as a cost-effective target enrichment approach to characterize microbial infections from blood samples using short-read sequencing. We designed a probe panel targeting 2 bacterial genera, 21 bacterial and 6 fungi species and 7 antimicrobial resistance markers (AMRs).Results Our approach proved to be highly specific to detect down to 1 in a 1000 pathogen DNA targets contained in host DNA. Additionally, we were able to accurately survey pathogens and AMRs in 20 out of 24 samples previously profiled with routine blood culture for sepsis.Conclusions Overall, our targeted assay identifies microbial pathogens and AMRs with high specificity at high throughput, without the need for extensive sample preparation or bioinformatics analysis, simplifying its application for characterization and surveillance of infectious diseases in medium- to low- resource settings.
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| 2. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n=1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Vicari, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial multimodal analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes in tissues
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Biotechnology. - 1087-0156 .- 1546-1696.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a spatial omics approach that combines histology, mass spectrometry imaging and spatial transcriptomics to facilitate precise measurements of mRNA transcripts and low-molecular-weight metabolites across tissue regions. The workflow is compatible with commercially available Visium glass slides. We demonstrate the potential of our method using mouse and human brain samples in the context of dopamine and Parkinson’s disease.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Borrie, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of stressful events during childhood on adult labour market outcome
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines if stressful events during childhood impact the labour market position in adulthood within the Swedish 1973 birth cohort. Empirical analyses are based on individual, longitudinal register data from the ASTRID database covering the total Swedish population between 1960-2008. We will analyze the different ways in which three specific events; parental separation, death of parent(s) and/or frequent migration, affect labour market outcome in an OLS-regression, controlling for family background characteristics. These events can occur in isola- tion or they can be interrelated. It is of importance to examine the effect of one single event as well as the accumulated effect of several events. The 1973 cohort makes an interesting case, since they both have experienced change in the nuclear family system during their childhood, and a period of recession and youth unemployment as well as cutbacks in social policy programmes during their age of labour market entrance. Our study thus focuses on how stressful events in childhood affect children’s life courses in turbulent times.
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| 7. |
- Bro, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Two point four million cataract surgeries: 30 years with the Swedish National Cataract Register, 1992-2021
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of cataract and refractive surgery. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1873-4502 .- 0886-3350. ; 49:8, s. 879-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present review summarizes data collected by the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR), which by the end of 2021 contained data for more than 2.4 million cataract surgeries between 1992 and 2021. During these 30 years, the cataract surgery rate rose from 3700 to 12800. The coverage of NCR is very high including 93% of all cataract procedures in Sweden between 2010 and 2021. Independently of demographic changes, the proportion of operations of patients age 60 to 79 has increased while the proportion of 80 to 90+ has decreased. The median visual acuity of the first eye planned for surgery was 0.1 decimal in 1992 and has increased to 0.5 decimal in 2021. Patient-reported outcome measures have been registered with the Catquest-9SF questionnaire since 2008, demonstrating intervention at an earlier stage, but consistently favorable outcomes. Surgical complications have decreased; endophthalmitis has decreased from 0.10% to below 0.02%, and posterior capsule rupture from 2.8% to 0.6%.
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| 8. |
- Cederkäll, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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REX-ISOLDE - experiences from the first year of operation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 746, s. 17-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Radioactive beam EXperiment (REX) at CERN-ISOLDE has been commissioned and the first experiments successfully completed during 2002 and 2003. The concept used for post-acceleration has proven to be flexible and the experimental program has therefore been extended during the past year. This paper relays some experiences drawn from using the machine in the current program and also conveys some plans for the future.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Edrén, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Modelica and Dymola for education in vehicle dynamics at KTH
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings from 7th Modelica Conference 2009. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 775-783
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dymola and Modelica has been used at KTH Vehicle Dynamics (KTHVD) for research work since 2000, see e.g. [1]. With the Vehicle Dynamics Library (VDL) [2], Modelica has become far more accessible for both researchers and students in the field of vehicle dynamics. Therefore a project aiming at introducing it as a tool in education was initiated in order to evaluate the current state of Dymola and Modelica as tools for wider use in education at the division. The work presented in this paper was realized as a part of a PhD course, where one of the tasks were to design dedicated exercises to illustrate fundamentals of vehicle dynamics for students.
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| 11. |
- Göransson, Jenny, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A single molecule array for digital targeted molecular analyses
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - England : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 37:1, s. e7-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new random array format together with a decoding scheme for targeted multiplex digital molecular analyses. DNA samples are analyzed using multiplex sets of padlock or selector probes that create circular DNA molecules upon target recognition. The circularized DNA molecules are amplified through rolling-circle amplification (RCA) to generate amplified single molecules (ASMs). A random array is generated by immobilizing all ASMs on a microscopy glass slide. The ASMs are identified and counted through serial hybridizations of small sets of tag probes, according to a combinatorial decoding scheme. We show that random array format permits at least 10 iterations of hybridization, imaging and dehybridization, a process required for the combinatorial decoding scheme. We further investigated the quantitative dynamic range and precision of the random array format. Finally, as a demonstration, the decoding scheme was applied for multiplex quantitative analysis of genomic loci in samples having verified copy-number variations. Of 31 analyzed loci, all but one were correctly identified and responded according to the known copy-number variations. The decoding strategy is generic in that the target can be any biomolecule which has been encoded into a DNA circle via a molecular probing reaction.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Jacobson, Bengt J H, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Needs for Physical Models and Related Methods for Development of Automated Road Vehicles
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Road vehicle automation is a trendy topic in research and media. Some automation such as adaptive cruise control and lane keeping is already on market, while totally driverless vehicles in real everyday transportation tasks is still only a vision. How far the products will reach and when can be debated, but any step forward will benefit of, or need, support of modelling formats and related methods. The presentation will explain typical functional/control architecture for vehicles and then focus on development of the partitions Traffic Situation Management and Vehicle Motion Management, assuming that the partition Environment Observation (image processing etc.) comes in place to a certain known maturity. Models will be used with methods for on-line optimization, on-line predictive simulation, virtual off-line verification for right and faulty function, system safety, simulations for legal assessment of long combination vehicles, etc. A goal for novel methods is that, with physical non-causal models, one can avoid some of the enormous amount of verification simulations needed if only input/output (fixed causality) models are used. Examples from heavy vehicles and passenger cars will be given; what is achieved and what are the challenges for next steps.
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| 14. |
- Johnsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Anal cancer in Sweden 2015-2019. Implementation of guidelines, structural changes, national registry and early results
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 61:5, s. 575-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Squamous cell cancer of the anus is an uncommon malignancy, usually caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the recommended treatment in localized disease with cure rates of 60-80%. Local failures should be considered for salvage surgery. With the purpose of improving and equalizing the anal cancer care in Sweden, a number of actions were taken between 2015 and 2017. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of guidelines and organizational changes and to present early results from the first 5 years of the Swedish anal cancer registry (SACR). Methods The following were implemented: (1) the first national care program with treatment guidelines, (2) standardized care process, (3) centralization of CRT to four centers and salvage surgery to two centers, (4) weekly national multidisciplinary team meetings where all new cases are discussed, (5) the Swedish anal cancer registry (SACR) was started in 2015. Results The SACR included 912 patients with a diagnosis of anal cancer from 2015 to 2019, reaching a national coverage of 95%. We could show that guidelines issued in 2017 regarding staging procedures and radiotherapy dose modifications were rapidly implemented. At baseline 52% of patients had lymph node metastases and 9% had distant metastases. Out of all patients in the SACR 89% were treated with curative intent, most of them with CRT, after which 92% achieved a local complete remission and the estimated overall 3-year survival was 85%. Conclusions This is the first report from the SACR, demonstrating rapid nation-wide implementation of guidelines and apparently good treatment outcome in patients with anal cancer in Sweden. The SACR will hopefully be a valuable source for future research.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Jonasson, Mats, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Method and system for handling conditions of a road on which a vehicle travels
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autonomous vehicles need to drive safely, also considering challenging use cases related to tire-to-road friction. This patent application describes how to detect treacherous road friction conditions and safe strategies for driving under said conditions.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Kester, O., et al.
(författare)
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Accelerated radioactive beams from REX-ISOLDE
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 204, s. 20-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2001 the linear accelerator of the Radioactive beam EXperiment (REX-ISOLDE) delivered for the first time accelerated radioactive ion beams, at a beam energy of 2 MeV/u. REX-ISOLDE uses the method of charge-state breeding, in order to enhance the charge state of the ions before injection into the LINAC. Radioactive singly-charged ions from the on-line mass separator ISOLDE are first accumulated in a Penning trap, then charge bred to an A/q
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| 23. |
- Kurdve, Martin, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges for lean thinking in food waste recycling management in a Swedish supply chain
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLAN's Forsknings- och Utvecklingskonferens 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recycling and waste management industry is important for future circular material flows. The food waste logistic and recycling operations need to be managed efficiently both in terms of material efficiency and cost of operations. Supply chain challenges include extraction of the residual material, retaining material quality with low contamination, and to produce a marketable material. Consumer waste/residual material is particularly challenging in these respects. Lean is a management concept with focus on quality, flow and improvement for customers. Important lean management principles for are; Continuous improvement, Respect for people, Standardised way of work, Just in time and Right from me quality. These principles can be simulated in lean games to facilitate discussions on improving the system. Benefits from using lean management in manufacturing have been lower costs, improved customer value, and competitiveness, reached through less transport, handling and inventory losses. The recycling and waste management industry differs from manufacturing by having less value of the products and a system providing simultaneous services and products to different customers. This study used literature, process data, including observations and operator interviews, and a workshop using a lean simulation game to initiate lean thinking discussion concerning improvement measures in food waste collection and recycling. The aim with this paper is to find in what areas (if any) there is potential for lean management implementation and the challenges for implementing such management in the food waste recycling chain. The results showed several applicable lean principles in the recycling industry. The industry has focus on flow and in many respects the transportation sub-system of the studied chain is efficient, although carrier return is a significant system loss. Information flow and goal settings have improvement opportunities. Disturbance in the information flow is not unique to recycling industry but give challenges. Paying customers in each end of the value flow with various requirements adds complexity for food waste recycling. Using the lean simulation game and value stream map were appropriate to enhance understanding of the value chain. Distinguishing value-reducing activities from other non-value adding activities may be important in waste management processes. This study contributes with a case study applying lean management tools in municipal waste management of food waste and with conceptualisations for further green lean, and sustainable supply chain management research in recycling and waste management industry.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lind, Mikael, 1969-
(författare)
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Från system till process : kriterier för processbestämning vid verksamhetsanalys
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I samband med systemutveckling och annat förändringarbete finns det behov av att göra en verksamhetsanalys för att utveckla kunskap om nuvarande och framtida verksamhet. Verksamheter är komplexa och ofta svåröverblickbara företeelser. För att hantera problemet med att skapa överblick bygger flera ansatser för verksamhetsanalys på Langefors teori om oöverblickbara system, vilken syftar till att reducera komplexitet genom att dela in verksamheter i olika nivåer av delsystem. Tillämpningen av denna teori resulterar ofta i ett fokus på verksamhetens organisatioriska funktioner och därmed ett alltför otillräckligt fokus på dem som verksamheten finns till för. Under 90-talet har ett antal processorienterade ansatser för verksamhetsutveckling lanserats som istället sätter kunden i fokus. Dessa ansatser bygger på en horisontell och flödesorienterad syn, där verksamheter betraktas som bestående av sekventiella delprocesser som transformerar input till output. Exempel på sådana ansatser finns inom Business Process Reengineering, Total Quality Management och Process Management. Problemet med att dela in verksamheter i delar återkommer även inom processorienterade ansatser. Det saknas kriterier för processbestämning, dvs grunder för att avgränsa och indela verksamhetsprocesser. En annan syn på process, vilket är en reaktion mot denna transormationsorientering, är den kommunikationsorienterade i vilken etablering, fullföljande och avslutning av åtaganden genom relatering av kommunikationshandlingar istället fokuseras. Enligt den kommunikationsorienterade synen på process betraktas aktörers kommunikationshandlingar inom och mellan organisationer som det essentiella, vilket leder till att transformationsaspekter undertrycks. I avhandlingen har grunder och arbetsstätt för processbestämning utvecklats. Detta har gjorts genom att tillämpa en teoridriven, induktiv och modelleringsbaserad forskningsansats. Kunskapsutvecklingen baseras empiriskt på processbestämningar genomförda i 13 verksamheter. Avhandlingens kunskapsbidrag är bland annat ett vidareutvecklat processbegrepp, vilket utvecklas genom en dialektisk ansats där motsättningarna mellan den transformationsorienterade och den kommunkationsorienterade synen på process övergryggas. Med utgångspunkt i det vidareutvecklade processbegreppet har sedan kriterier för processbestämning genererats, där produkter och aktörsrelationer identifierats som viktiga klasser för kriterier. Dessutom har avhandlingen resulterat i angreppssätt och arbetssätt för processbestämning, den sk teorin om oöverblickbara verksamhetssystem. Denna teori bygger på en annan dialektik och utgör en kunskapssyntes. Motsättningar överbryggas mellan systemtänkandet för indelning av verksamheter i delsystem och det rådande processtänkandet för att betrakta verksamheten som bestående av olika processer (huvudprocesser, delprocesser och aktiviteter). Att genomföra en verksamhetsanalys genom här föreslagen processbestämning innebär att kunskap om olika helheter med dess delar kan utvecklas. Dessa helheter och delar benämns processtyp, variantprocess, delprocess och social handling. Denna avhandling bidrar med kunskap om hur verksamheter kan uppfattas, avgränsas och indelas, i samband med processorienterad verksamhetsanalys.
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| 26. |
- Liu, Ilon, et al.
(författare)
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The landscape of tumor cell states and spatial organization in H3-K27M mutant diffuse midline glioma across age and location
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:12, s. 1881-1894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histone 3 lysine27-to-methionine (H3-K27M) mutations most frequently occur in diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) of the childhood pons but are also increasingly recognized in adults. Their potential heterogeneity at different ages and midline locations is vastly understudied. Here, through dissecting the single-cell transcriptomic, epigenomic and spatial architectures of a comprehensive cohort of patient H3-K27M DMGs, we delineate how age and anatomical location shape glioma cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic features in light of the shared driver mutation. We show that stem-like oligodendroglial precursor-like cells, present across all clinico-anatomical groups, display varying levels of maturation dependent on location. We reveal a previously underappreciated relationship between mesenchymal cancer cell states and age, linked to age-dependent differences in the immune microenvironment. Further, we resolve the spatial organization of H3-K27M DMG cell populations and identify a mitotic oligodendroglial-lineage niche. Collectively, our study provides a powerful framework for rational modeling and therapeutic interventions.
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| 27. |
- Lundström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Catquest-9SF functioning over a decade - a study from the Swedish National Cataract Register
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eye and Vision. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2326-0254. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) collects data on cataract surgery outcomes during March, including patient-reported outcomes using the Catquest-9SF questionnaire for over 11years. Previous studies from NCR have shown that the preoperative visual acuity has improved over time. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the Catquest-9SF Rasch scoring performance in this changing environment. A second purpose was to describe clinical data over the same period for those who completed the questionnaire.MethodsThe performance of the Catquest-9SF was analysed by a separate Rasch analysis for each year, resulting in a preoperative and postoperative score for each participating patient in the annual cohorts. The clinical data and questionnaire scoring were analysed for each year in the period 2008-2018 inclusive.ResultsData were available for 42,023 eyes for 11 annual cohorts (2008-2018). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were stable during the study period. Person separation (precision) for the whole period was 2.58 and varied between 2.45 and 2.72. The person reliability was 0.87 and varied between 0.86 and 0.88. The targeting of question difficulty to person ability became less accurate over time meaning that the item activities became easier to carry out without difficulty. The average targeting for the whole period was -2.06 and changed from -1.92 in 2008 to -2.31 in 2018. The person score improved both before surgery and after surgery, indicating that patients are undergoing surgery at a more able level and getting better outcomes. The average improvement by surgery decreased from 3.41 logits in 2008 to 3.21 logits in 2018 (p=0.003).Over time, patient age decreased from 75 to 74years (p<0.001) and the proportion of women decreased from 63.9 to 57.9% (p<0.001). The mean preoperative visual acuity in both the operated eye and the better eye improved over time (0.47 to 0.40 logMAR, p<0.001 and 0.22 to 0.19 logMAR, p<0.001, respectively), as did the mean postoperative visual acuity in the operated eye (0.14 to 0.09 logMAR, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe Catquest-9SF retained stable psychometric properties over this 11-year period although more recent cohorts included slightly younger patients with somewhat better vision.
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| 28. |
- Lundström, Mats Johan, 1973-
(författare)
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Kommuners roller och samhällsplaneringens betydelse i energi- och klimatomställningen : En flerfallstudie om utvecklingen i bebyggelse- och transportsektorerna i Alingsås och Västerås 1990-2014
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De av människan påverkade globala klimatutmaningarna ställer krav på förändrade förhållningssätt och åtgärder inom alla sektorer och samhällsnivåer. Internationella klimatmål och -åtaganden behöver kompletteras med aktiviteter och åtgärder på såväl nationell som lokal nivå som styr stads- och samhällsutvecklingen i en mer klimatmässigt hållbar riktning, vilket i hög grad påverkas av vår användning av energi.Avhandlingens syfte är att belysa och söka förstå kommunernas roller och särskilt den kommunala samhällsplaneringens betydelse i det globala energi- och klimatomställningsarbetet, med fokus på transport- och bebyggelsesektorerna. Avhandlingen är en i huvudsak kvalitativ kontextuell flerfallstudie som studerar och synliggör såväl olika aktörers som strukturella förhållandens och krafters – både inom och utanför den kommunala organisationen – betydelse för utvecklingen inom de två fallkommunerna Alingsås och Västerås under perioden 1990 till 2014. Innehållet i avhandlingen baseras på intervjuer med kommunala tjänstepersoner samt inläsning av kommunala dokument och annan litteratur. Flerfallstudien beskriver, analyserar och jämför hur man i Alingsås och Västerås kommuner under den aktuella tidsperioden hanterat utvecklingen av bebyggelsens och transporternas energieffektivisering och energitillförsel. I avhandlingen används en bred definition av kommunal samhällsplanering, som inbegriper såväl fysisk översiktsplanering och energi-, miljö- och trafikplanering som visionsarbete, på strategisk kommunal nivå.Den kommunala samhällsplaneringen i Alingsås och Västerås har bidragit till ökad energieffektivisering och minskad klimatpåverkan inom bebyggelse- och transportsektorerna, i högre grad i Västerås än i Alingsås där utvecklingen är med aktörsdriven. Samhällsplaneringen fyller en särskilt viktig kommunikativ funktion för att återkommande lyfta upp energi- och klimatfrågorna på den kommunala agendan, särskilt genom att uppmärksamma behovet av att ta tag i frågorna samt reflektera kring hur utmaningarna kan hanteras. Kommunernas fysiska översiktsplanering hanterar i hög grad trafikens miljöutmaningar, men berör inte bebyggelsens energieffektivitet och värmeförsörjning. Energiplaneringen berör främst kommunernas egna fastighetsbestånd och verksamheter, i mindre grad icke-kommunala bestånd och verksamheter. Västerås energiplan från 00-talet har dock varit viktig och i hög grad bidragit till ökat energifokus och åtgärder både inom det kommunala och det icke-kommunala fastighetsbeståndet. Utsläppen av växthusgaser i Alingsås och Västerås är betydligt lägre 2014 jämfört med 1990. Detta beror i hög grad på den kommunala fjärrvärmens skifte från fossila bränslen till högre andel fossilfria bränslen, men även på att transporterna under senare år i högre grad sker med energieffektivare fordon med lägre andel fossila bränslen.Inom bebyggelsesektorn har kommunerna i sin roll som fastighetsägare fokuserat på att effektivisera energianvändningen och styra över från el- och oljevärmning till fjärrvärme i det egna kommunägda byggnadsbeståndet, och samtidigt försökt vara ett gott föredöme för andra fastighetsägare. Kommunerna har gått i bräschen för omfattande energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och nybyggnad av mycket energieffektiva byggnader (passivhusstandard m m). Genom att kommunerna som energibolagsägare haft (eller på sikt skapat sig) kontroll över fjärrvärmens energimix har de kunnat påverka såväl det kommunägda som det övriga fastighetsbeståndets klimatpåverkan i positiv riktning. Skiftet från fossilt till i högre grad fossilfritt bränsle i fjärrvärmen sker tidigare i Alingsås som bygger upp ett nytt fjärrvärmesystem från grunden. Utfasningen av fossila bränslen tar längre tid i Västerås som har ett äldre och större fjärrvärmesystem, men som tack vare en ovanligt hög anslutningsgrad medför betydande utsläppsminskningar när det kommunala bolaget väl gör nya investeringar i produktionsanläggningen.Kommunerna har i sin roll som beställare av kollektivtrafik genomfört betydande satsningar och förändringar av kollektivtrafiken – särskilt inom tätortsbusstrafiken som under lång tid varit tämligen underutvecklad – som bidragit till ökat kollektivtrafikresande. Förändringen var särskilt stor i Alingsås. Båda kommunerna har tagit på sig rollen som inspiratör och förebild för andra aktörer vad gäller energieffektivt och klimatsmart byggande och resande, i vilken omfattning de påverkat detta är dock oklart. Båda kommunerna har genom särskilda energikrav vid försäljning av kommunalmark sökt påverka det icke-kommunala byggnadsbeståndet, vilket tydligt bidragit till ett positivt resultat i Västerås men är mer osäkert i Alingsås då utvecklingen inte följts upp.Det är främst ändrade kommun-externa institutionella (strukturella) faktorer i form av statliga ekonomiska styrmedel som driver på energi- och klimatomställningen i de två kommunerna. Särskilt energi- och koldioxidskatterna, men även andra positiva och negativa ekonomiska styrmedel inom bebyggelse-, energi- och transportsektorerna, skapar ekonomiska incitament bland såväl kommunerna som andra aktörer för att minska fossilbaserad energianvändning. Ny kunskap om klimatutmaningarna och förändringar i den allmänna opinionen bidrar till förändringar bland såväl statliga som kommunala och andra aktörer.I takt med den ökande allmänna kunskapen om och intresset att göra något åt de ökade utsläppen av växthusgaser ökar kommunernas ambitioner inom energi- och klimatomställningen över tid. Särskilt i Västerås visar fallstudien på en utveckling av och uppbyggnad av kommunens institutionella kapacitet i form av ökad kunskap, gemensamma referensramar och synsätt samt organisationsstruktur och tvärsektoriella samarbetsinriktade planeringsprocesser – vilket bidrar till ökade kommunala energi- och klimatambitioner. I Alingsås drivs kommunens energi- och klimatambitioner i högre grad av ett antal aktörer i form av tjänstepersoner i centrala maktpositioner med tillgång till resurser, i Västerås ligger en politisk aktör (parti i vågmästarställning) bakom flera initiativ som driver på energi- och klimatomställningen. Även strukturella förutsättningar som kommunstorlek, regional position och lokala kommunala kulturer och traditioner påverkar inriktningen och genomförandet av kommunernas energi- och klimatomställningsarbete. I avhandlingen diskuteras att både drivande aktörer (policyentreprenörer) och utvecklade planeringsprocesser är viktiga i det lokala energi- och klimatomställningsarbetet. Drivande aktörer kan emellertid bidra till såväl positiv som negativ klimatmässig utveckling. Väl utvecklade samhällsplaneringsprocesser och annan kommunal styrning är särskilt viktiga i de fall det saknas nyckelaktörer på centrala poster som inte driver energi- och klimatfrågorna. Vidare konstateras att generationsskiften, personbyten och politiska val påverkar den kommunala energi- och klimatutvecklingen.Fallstudien visar att Sverige och de aktuella kommunerna hittills har varit relativt framgångsrika i energi- och klimatomställningen och att den kommunala samhällsplaneringen är en viktig pusselbit i detta arbete. Men för att klara de mer långsiktiga globala och nationella klimatmålen står vi inför fortsatt stora utmaningar som kräver nya sätt att tänka och agera på olika samhällsnivåer, vilket diskuteras i avhandlingens avslutning. Energieffektiviseringen inom det befintliga byggnadsbeståndet kräver mer omfattande åtgärder och därmed större incitament för fastighetsägare att göra mer än idag. Utfasningen av olja och kol inom bebyggelsesektorn ställer nya krav på utveckling och nytänkande inom el- och fjärrvärmesektorerna. Omställningen från bilfokuserade till mer trafikmässigt mer energi- och klimateffektiv stads- och trafikplanering har påbörjats, men finns det en acceptans för en sådan samhällsutveckling bland politiker och allmänhet? Inom samhällsplaneringen behöver det rumsliga och utvecklingsinriktade energiperspektivet stärkas, dessutom behöver bebyggelsens och transporternas energianvändning och klimatpåverkan börja hanteras utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv. Klimatfrågan är en politiskt värdeladdad fråga; om den tas på allvar är det dags att i högre grad prioritera den som en central utgångspunkt som vi har i åtanke när vi planerar, utvecklar och bygger våra städer och samhällen.
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| 29. |
- Lundström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Ten-year trends of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) as reflected in the Swedish National Cataract Register
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : WILEY. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 102:1, s. 68-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To analyse trends of ISBCS reported to the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) over a 10-year period.Methods: Since 2010 the NCR contains social security number of all individuals in the list of parameters reported to NCR after each cataract procedure. Bilateral surgeries were mapped out using social security numbers. When dates of both-eye surgeries are identical for an individual it is classified as an immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS). This study includes all data reported during the period 1st of January 2010 to 31st of December 2019. During the study period 113 cataract surgery clinics affiliated to the NCR reported their data on consecutive cataract cases.Results: For the whole period 54 194 ISBCS were reported. The total number of bilateral cataract extractions was 422 300. There was a significant trend of increasing ISBCS over time with linear regression (Beta = 1.75, p < 0.001). In ISBCS the occurrence of an ocular comorbidity decreased over time. The use of a capsular tension ring was significantly more common in ISBCS than in delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS). All other measures taken during surgery were more common in DSBCS. The use of multifocal IOL was significantly more frequent in ISBCS compared to DSBCS (p < 0.001).Conclusions: The use of ISBCS has increased over the study period. The operated eyes have less risk factors than eyes going through a DSBCS, but both ocular comorbidities and surgical complications occur in ISBCS eyes.
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| 30. |
- Magoulopoulou, Anastasia, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Padlock Probe-Based Targeted In Situ Sequencing : Overview of Methods and Applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annual review of genomics and human genetics (Print). - 1527-8204 .- 1545-293X. ; 24, s. 133-150
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elucidating spatiotemporal changes in gene expression has been an essential goal in studies of health, development, and disease. In the emerging field of spatially resolved transcriptomics, gene expression profiles are acquired with the tissue architecture maintained, sometimes at cellular resolution. This has allowed for the development of spatial cell atlases, studies of cell-cell interactions, and in situ cell typing. In this review, we focus on padlock probe-based in situ sequencing, which is a targeted spatially resolved transcriptomic method. We summarize recent methodological and computational tool developments and discuss key applications. We also discuss compatibility with other methods and integration with multiomic platforms for future applications.
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| 31. |
- Marco Salas, Sergio, 1996-
(författare)
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From pixels to comprehensive cellular atlases : Applications of in situ sequencing to understand tissue biology
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of single-cell RNA sequencing enabled the high throughput characterization of cell populations with unprecedented detail. Yet, it failed in capturing the spatial localization of individual cells. Overcoming this, different spatial profiling methods have been developed in recent years, with in situ sequencing (ISS) being among the most powerful solutionsISS is a targeted spatially-resolved transcriptomics method designed to detect the expression of hundreds of genes in situ in a single experiment. For this, ISS employs padlock probes, a type of oligonucleotide designed to specifically hybridize on the targeted regions, with rolling circle amplification and a combinatorial detection of the transcripts imaged. Due to its throughput and resolution, ISS is seen as a useful tool to create high content molecular maps of tissues, being of special use for building spatial atlases. However, due to its recent development, it’s still unclear how this should be done. The work presented in this thesis explores ISS as a tool for building large spatially-resolved atlases of cell types. In paper I, we compare the performance of cDNA-based ISS with the High Sensitivity Library Preparation Kit, developed by CARTANA AB. We identify this product to be fivefold more sensitive than cDNA-based ISS due to its improved chemistry. In addition, we show that this increased sensitivity enhances the analytical capabilities of the resulting data. In paper II, we build a topographic atlas of the developmental human lung. We identify 83 different cell types and states, including a novel type of GHRL-positive neuroendocrine cell. We further elucidate the developmental origin multiple populations, defining their location in situ and predicting potential interactions. In paper III, we create a topographic atlas of the adult human lung. We combine multiple spatial transcriptomic technologies to generate spatial maps of the populations found in the adult lung. We decipher regional differences in terms of cell type composition and cell type-specific expression. Finally, we also characterize the spatial context of rare cell types.In paper IV, we employ large-scale data integration to construct a scRNA-seq-based cellular map of glioblastoma, an aggressive brain malignancy. In addition, we use ISS to generate single-cell resolution cell type maps of 13 glioblastoma patients, identifying consistent niches across patients and uncovering the cellular organization of these tumors. In paper V, we explore the quality of the data generated by the Xenium In Situ Platform, a product based on ISS and commercialized by 10X Genomics. We explore the main characteristics of the data and benchmark it against other technologies. Finally, we also define best practices for the most common analysis done using these datasets. Collectively, the studies presented in this thesis serve as evidence of the efficacy of ISS in constructing comprehensive cellular atlases with a single-cell resolution.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Nilsson, Per, 1969-
(författare)
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Brukade bilder : Södra Skandinaviens hällristningar ur ett historiebruksperspektiv
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The timeframe of the south Scandinavian rock art tradition extends from c.1700/1600 to 300 /200 BC. The chronological boundaries of the rock art phenomenon thereby coincide roughly with the timeframe of the Nordic Bronze Age, and rock art figures have come to be understood and interpreted as a Bronze Age phenomenon. It is argued that a dominant Bronze Age narrative has come to direct the discourse and fieldwork alike towards a focus on the origin , rather than the use, of rock art. The rock carver’s intention with the image, explicitly or implicitly, has come to equate with its meaning. The aim of the thesis is to approach rock art figures from a different perspective, with the aim of understanding how south Scandinavian rock art has been used and interpreted over time. The question of what archaeological evidence the use of rock art may have left behind is taken up, and the archaeological excavations carried out at rock art sites in southern Scandinavia are summarized and discussed. The survey shows that finds and features date to some extent from the Bronze Age, yet most of the dateable evidence comes from periods after the tradition of creating new images had ended, especially the Early Iron Age. This phenomenon is of particular interest given the explicit uses of the past-perspective of the thesis. It is argued that some of the rock art sites were still being used during later prehistoric periods. Other examples of later period´s uses of rock art sites are presented and discussed, such as runic inscriptions on rock art panels as well as the use of rock art and cup-mark sites during historic times. A study of the chronological development of the rock art tradition in the Himmelstalund-region in the county of Östergötland is also presented, based on recently developed ship chronologies of rock art. The study shows that the earliest ship figures, which are found in the Himmelstalund area, were probably made in the Bronze Age period I/II. Yet the majority of the dateable ship figures date from the Bronze Age period II–III, after which the number of dateable ships declines in period IV, a development becoming even more prominent in period V-VI. Another theme discussed in the thesis is archaeology’s own uses of rock art and how this has affected the interpretations of the material. The thesis shows it is feasible to combine a discussion on the prehistoric use of rock art sites and images with a critical view of interactions between archaeological and antiquarian practice and the source material. It has also shown the potential for a broadened discussion, where we regard the use of rock art, during the Bronze Age as well as during later periods, as integral and essential to rock art research.
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| 35. |
- Nilsson, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Method and system for providing a steering guidance to a driver of a host vehicle
- 2018
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The idea is to guide the driver by giving a short autonomous change of yaw angle. The host vehicle should be controlled to reach the left limit of the lane, rather than avoid the threat itself. Thereby the envisioned function inspire the driver to avoid a collision by steering. The yawangle directly after the control intervention, will help driver to understand where to go and that there is a free space that admits the manoeuvre without departure the road or collide with oncoming traffic.
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| 36. |
- Nilsson, Sara, 1990-
(författare)
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How requirements development could support design of effective and resource-efficient offerings
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What a company offers its customers has to fulfil several different needs, desires, constraints, which can originate from multiple different sources that affect the offering throughout its life cycle. All these criteria have to come together and be translated into statements that can support the designer’s understanding of the offering’s purpose. This translation is done through a requirements development process to provide a controlled process to define statements that describe what the offering is supposed to fulfil.This research provides insights on key challenges and success factors in requirements development to support the design of effective and resource-efficient offerings. Namely, it identifies crucial sources and aspects to be considered, and a requirements development process demonstrating how to overcome identified challenges. By getting the requirements right from the beginning, sub-optimisation and unnecessary time and risks can be avoided. The consideration of accurate sources and aspects is considered to be one of the most important factors for the successful design of offerings. It is also in the earliest phases of design, that is to say requirements development, where one has the greatest possibility to affect the environmental impact of the offering. What is missing, however, is sufficient and appropriate support in industry on how to do so.The gap between the three areas of effectiveness and resource efficiency, design of integrated offerings, and requirements development has been investigated. Results are based on findings in the literature and in industry, identified primarily by qualitative studies. In the research, 15 different companies have been included through a number of interviews and discussions.Key sources and aspects to consider in the requirements development process are identified along with challenges, and success factors that can be utilised to overcome the identified challenges. This research’s final results include an adapted requirements development process that considers the earlier-mentioned sources and aspect, challenges, and success factors. Such a requirements development process should support the design of effective and resource-efficient offerings.
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| 37. |
- Nordin, E. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1680-7367 .- 1680-7375. ; 12:12, s. 31725-31765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gasoline vehicles have elevated emissions of volatile organic compounds during cold starts and idling and have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from one Euro II, one Euro III and one Euro IV passenger vehicles were investigated using photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m3 smog chamber. The experiments were carried out at atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization methods included a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind urban areas. After 4 h aging the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the Primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave f43 (mass fraction at m/z = 4 3) approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C6–C9 light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher order aromatic compounds such as C10, C11 light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes.
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| 38. |
- Ridderskär, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of cataract surgery in eyes with diabetic retinopathy: a Swedish national cataract register report
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 100:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To analyse if patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) subjected to cataract surgery differ in outcome compared to patients without DR with regard to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), deviation from target refraction, intraoperative difficulties and risk of complications. Methods A register-based study from the Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) during the years 2015-2017 including 358 040 cataract procedures. Patients with other ocular pathology than cataract and DR were omitted from outcome analyses. Results Diabetic retinopathy was reported in 13 724 of all eyes (3.8%). Preoperative BCVA was significantly worse in DR patients than in patients without DR, 0.54 +/- 0.33 compared to 0.40 +/- 0.27 (logMAR, mean +/- SD, p < 0.001). The same was evident for postoperative BCVA, 0.15 +/- 0.25 for DR patients versus 0.06 +/- 0.13 (p < 0.001). The improvement in BCVA was slightly better in DR than in non-DR, -0.40 +/- 0.32 (logMAR; mean +/- SD) versus -0.35 +/- 0.27, p < 0.001. The absolute mean biometry prediction error was 0.42 +/- 0.50 diopters (D) in DR and 0.43 +/- 0.71 D in non-DR patients, p = 0.768. One or more intraoperative difficulties, including mechanical pupil dilation, capsular stain, hooks at capsulorhexis margin or capsular tension ring, had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-1.90, p < 0.001) in DR versus non-DR cases and the rate of posterior capsular tears (PCR) had an adjusted OR of 1.76 (95% CI 1.40-2.20, p < 0.001). Conclusion Eyes with DR have inferior pre- and postoperative BCVA compared to non-DR eyes. There is little difference in improvement of BCVA and no difference in absolute mean biometry prediction error. Importantly, intraoperative difficulties and PCRs are almost twice as common in DR patients, strongly indicating that these patients should be managed by experienced surgeons.
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| 39. |
- Rosen, Astrid von, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Reimagining the research archive: a dialogue
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dream-playing across borders: accessing the non-texts of Strindberg’s A dream play in Düsseldorf 1915–18 and beyond / Astrid von Rosen (ed.). - Göteborg : Makadam. - 9789170612329 ; , s. 279-298
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The book concludes with dialogue between the participants about the reimagined research archive that has grown out of the project.
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| 40. |
- Rönn, Ann-Charlotte, 1969-
(författare)
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Analysis of Nucleotide Variations in Non-human Primates
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many of our closest relatives, the primates, are endangered and could be extinct in a near future. To increase the knowledge of non-human primate genomes, and at the same time acquire information on our own genomic evolution, studies using high-throughput technologies are applied, which raises the demand for large amounts of high quality DNA.In study I and II, we evaluated the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) technique, a whole genome amplification method, on a wide range of DNA sources, such as blood, hair and semen, by comparing MDA products to genomic DNA as templates for several commonly used genotyping methods. In general, the genotyping success rate from the MDA products was in concordance with the genomic DNA. The quality of sequences of the mitochondrial control region obtained from MDA products from blood and non-invasively collected semen samples was maintained. However, the readable sequence length was shorter for MDA products.Few studies have focused on the genetic variation in the nuclear genes of non-human primates. In study III, we discovered 23 new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Y-chromosome of the chimpanzee. We designed a tag-microarray minisequencing assay for genotyping the SNPs together with 19 SNPs from the literature and 45 SNPs in the mitochondrial DNA. Using the microarray, we were able to analyze the population structure of wild-living chimpanzees.In study IV, we established 111 diagnostic nucleotide positions for primate genera determination. We used sequence alignments of the nuclear epsilon globin gene and apolipoprotein B gene to identify positions for determination on the infraorder and Catarrhini subfamily level, respectively, and sequence alignments of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1) to identify positions to distinguish between genera. We designed a microarray assay for immobilized minisequencing primers for genotyping these positions to aid in the forensic determination of an unknown sample.
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| 41. |
- Sabel, Ellinor, 1969-
(författare)
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Deltagande arkeologi : Värden och praktiker
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna licentiatuppsats utforskar vilka värden som uppstår när allmänheten, tillsammans med professionella arkeologer, får möjlighet att engagera sig i arkeologiskt fältarbete. Projektformen där professionella arkeologer arbetar tillsammans med aktörer ur allmänheten kallas i denna studie för Deltagande arkeologi. Uppsatsen utforskar även vilka praktiker som omgärdar denna projektform samt vilka traditioner och politiska beslut som har påverkat allmänhetens möjligheter för praktiskt deltagande inom kulturmiljöarbetet. Forskningen baseras till stor del på studierna av tre svenska arkeologiprojekt, som alla bygger på allmänhetens deltagande, vilka utforskas genom enkätstudier, intervjuer och deltagande observation. Resultaten visar att projektformen genererar flera olika former av värden och vinster. För den arkeologiska vetenskapen bidrar projektformen till att platser som ligger långt från uppdragsarkeologins verksamhetsområden kan uppmärksammas och undersökas vilket resulterar i en bättre geografisk spridning av arkeologiska undersökningar och därmed en jämnare kunskapsuppbyggnad. För arrangörerna (arkeologer) är projekten en möjlighet att få ägna sig åt långvarig forskning och för deltagarna (allmänheten) en möjlighet att få ägna sig åt sina intressen, skapa värdefulla kontaktnät och vänskaper. Samtidigt uppger båda aktörsgrupperna att deltagandet bidrar till en förbättrad hälsa och välbefinnande samt till att förstärka känslorna av delaktighet till, och i arbetet kring, det materiella kulturarvet.
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| 42. |
- Sallinger, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial tumour gene signature discriminates neoplastic from non-neoplastic compartments in colon cancer : unravelling predictive biomarkers for relapse
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - 1479-5876. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Opting for or against the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in therapeutic management of stage II colon cancer remains challenging. Several studies report few survival benefits for patients treated with adjuvant therapy and additionally revealing potential side effects of overtreatment, including unnecessary exposure to chemotherapy-induced toxicities and reduced quality of life. Predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. We, therefore, hypothesise that the spatial tissue composition of relapsed and non-relapsed colon cancer stage II patients reveals relevant biomarkers.Methods: The spatial tissue composition of stage II colon cancer patients was examined by a novel spatial transcriptomics technology with sub-cellular resolution, namely in situ sequencing. A panel of 176 genes investigating specific cancer-associated processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, stemness, oxidative stress, hypoxia, invasion and components of the tumour microenvironment was designed to examine differentially expressed genes in tissue of relapsed versus non-relapsed patients. Therefore, FFPE slides of 10 colon cancer stage II patients either classified as relapsed (5 patients) or non-relapsed (5 patients) were in situ sequenced and computationally analysed.Results: We identified a tumour gene signature that enables the subclassification of tissue into neoplastic and non-neoplastic compartments based on spatial expression patterns obtained through in situ sequencing. We developed a computational tool called Genes-To-Count (GTC), which automates the quantification of in situ signals, accurately mapping their position onto the spatial tissue map and automatically identifies neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue compartments. The GTC tool was used to quantify gene expression of biological processes upregulated within the neoplastic tissue in comparison to non-neoplastic tissue and within relapsed versus non-relapsed stage II colon patients. Three differentially expressed genes (FGFR2, MMP11 and OTOP2) in the neoplastic tissue compartments of relapsed patients in comparison to non-relapsed patients were identified predicting recurrence in stage II colon cancer.Conclusions: In depth spatial in situ sequencing showed potential to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the recurrence of disease and revealed novel potential predictive biomarkers for disease relapse in colon cancer stage II patients. Our open-access GTC-tool allowed us to accurately capture the tumour compartment and quantify spatial gene expression in colon cancer tissue.
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| 43. |
- Samadi, Behrad, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-inflammatory treatment after cataract surgery in Sweden : Changes in prescribing patterns from 2010 to 2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 2397-3269. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To investigate changes in the prescribing patterns of postoperative eye drops following cataract surgery in Sweden from 2010 to 2017. Methods Data from cataract procedures registered in the National Cataract Register during the month of March from 2010 to 2017 were record linked and sent to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, which allowed us to determine which eye drops the patients had obtained from 3 months presurgery to 2 weeks post surgery. Results During the 8-year study period, 54 889 surgeries were registered. Combination treatment with steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) eye drops increased from 12% in 2010 to 60% in 2017 (p<0.001) while monotherapy with steroids decreased from 71% in 2010 to 26% in 2017 (p<0.001). Monotherapy with NSAIDs after surgery was fairly stable, at 17% in 2010 and 13% in 2017 (p<0.001). Combination treatment was more frequent in patients with diabetic retinopathy (p<0.001) or age-related macular degeneration (p<0.001), while monotherapy with steroids was more frequent in patients with glaucoma (p<0.001). The proportion of monotherapy or combination therapy varied widely between ophthalmic clinics. The prescription of antibiotic eye drops after surgery also varied greatly between clinics, from 0% to 63%, with a national average of 4.9%. Conclusion There is a change in the prescription pattern of anti-inflammatory eye drops after cataract surgery in Sweden, with less monotherapy and an increasing proportion of patients receiving a combination of steroid and NSAID eye drops.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Sunnegårdh-Grönberg, Karin, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of dental materials and longevity of replaced restorations in Public Dental Health clinics in northern Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; :37, s. 673-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the selection of direct restorative materials and longevity of replaced restorations in relation to operator and patients characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of treatment in practice, recording all new placements and replacements of direct restorations was performed during 2 weeks comprising all dentists within the Public Dental Health clinics in the county council of Västerbotten. RESULTS: A total of 2834 data collection sheets, one for each placed restoration, were received with a dropout of 10%. Restorations analyzed in the study were placed in permanent teeth in patients older than 15 years. First restorations placed due to primary caries were 671 and replacements 1536. Class II was the most frequently treated cavity followed by class I. The median longevity of replaced restorations was for amalgam, resin based composite and glass ionomer 16, 6 and 11 years, respectively. High caries risk patients showed shorter longevity for resin based composite restorations than low or moderate risk patients. Secondary caries as reason for failure for class II resin based composite restorations occurred significantly later than loss or fracture. Significantly longer longevity was observed for replaced restorations executed by more experienced dentists. CONCLUSIONS: The use of amalgam was negligible and the material was predominantly replaced by resin based composites in first and replaced restorations. Class II was the most frequent placed and replaced restorations. Caries risk and experience of operator influenced longevity of replacements.
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| 46. |
- Wernersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Deconwolf enables high-performance deconvolution of widefield fluorescence microscopy images
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Methods. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microscopy-based spatially resolved omic methods are transforming the life sciences. However, these methods rely on high numerical aperture objectives and cannot resolve crowded molecular targets, limiting the amount of extractable biological information. To overcome these limitations, here we develop Deconwolf, an open-source, user-friendly software for high-performance deconvolution of widefield fluorescence microscopy images, which efficiently runs on laptop computers. Deconwolf enables accurate quantification of crowded diffraction limited fluorescence dots in DNA and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization images and allows robust detection of individual transcripts in tissue sections imaged with x20 air objectives. Deconvolution of in situ spatial transcriptomics images with Deconwolf increased the number of transcripts identified more than threefold, while the application of Deconwolf to images obtained by fluorescence in situ sequencing of barcoded Oligopaint probes drastically improved chromosome tracing. Deconwolf greatly facilitates the use of deconvolution in many bioimaging applications. Deconwolf is a computationally efficient and user-friendly software tool for fluorescence microscopy image deconvolution that improves the analysis of diverse fluorescence in situ hybridization methods and can handle large datasets.
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| 47. |
- Zetterberg, Madeleine, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Cataract Surgery Volumes and Complications per Surgeon and Clinical Unit Data from the Swedish National Cataract Register 2007 to 2016
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-6420 .- 1549-4713. ; 127:3, s. 305-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the change in proportion of high-volume cataract surgeons during the period 2007 to 2016 and determine the impact of operation volume per surgeon and clinical unit on the rate of capsule complications. Design: Retrospective, register-based study. Participants: Patients undergoing and surgeons performing cataract surgery at Swedish ophthalmologic departments 2007-2016. Methods: All cataract procedures performed during a 10-year period were analyzed, and the change in operation volume of individual surgeons over time was determined. The yearly incidence of capsule complications was correlated to the operation volume of individual surgeons and clinical units. Main Outcome Measures: The number of cataract procedures yearly per surgeon and clinical unit, proportion of capsule complications, and change over time in operation volume and complication rate. Results: The proportion of high-volume (>= 500 procedures yearly) and very high-volume (>= 1000 procedures yearly) surgeons increased from 15.0% to 34.0% and 2.1% to 10.9%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both categories). The proportion of all cataract procedures performed by high-volume surgeons was 36.9% in 2007, increasing to 68.1 % in 2016. The yearly incidence of capsule complications decreased with increasing number of procedures; from a mean of 2.15% (standard deviation [SD], 3.17) for low-volume surgeons (10-99 procedures/ year) to 1.32% (1.28) for medium-volume (100-499 procedures/year) surgeons and 0.59% (0.49) for high-volume surgeons (P = 0.016). Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better in eyes operated on by high-volume and very high-volume cataract surgeons; the median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.5 (decimal) compared with a BCVA of 0.4 for patients who had their surgery performed by low- or medium-volume surgeons (overall P < 0.001). No significant difference in rate of capsule complications was seen between clinical units with high or low operation volume (P = 0.804). The overall incidence of capsule complications decreased gradually from 1.5% in 2007 to 0.8% in 2016, and preoperative BCVA increased from 0.46 +/- 0.10 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) to 0.40 +/- 0.05 (P = 0.030). Conclusions: There is a strong association of rate of capsule complications with operation volume of individual surgeons but not with operation volume of individual clinical units. The decreased rate of capsule complications seen between 2007 and 2016 may be explained in part by a dramatic increase in the proportion of high-volume cataract surgeons during the period. (C) 2019 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology
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