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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kjölhede, Preben, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Quality of Sleep on Recovery from Fast-Track Abdominal Hysterectomy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (JCSM). - : American Academy of Sleep Medicine. - 1550-9389 .- 1550-9397. ; 8:4, s. 395-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: To examine the impact of mode of anesthesia on perceived quality of sleep and to analyze the perceived quality of sleep in affecting recovery from surgery. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: A randomized, controlled, open multicenter trial was conducted in 5 hospitals in Southeast Sweden. One-hundred eighty women scheduled for fast-track abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions were randomized to spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia; 162 women completed the trial; 82 allocated to spinal anesthesia and 80 to general anesthesia. Symptoms and perceived quality of sleep after surgery were registered daily in the Swedish Postoperative Symptoms Questionnaire. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Women in the general anesthesia group experienced bad quality of sleep the night after surgery significantly more often than the women who had spinal anesthesia (odds ratio [OR] 2.45; p = 0.03). This was almost exclusively attributed to a significantly higher consumption of opioids postoperatively in the general anesthesia group. Risk factors for bad quality of sleep during the first night postoperatively were: opioids (OR 1.07; p = 0.03); rescue antiemetics (OR 2.45; p = 0.05); relative weight gain (OR 1.47; p = 0.04); summary score of postoperative symptoms (OR 1.13; p = 0.02); and stress coping capacity (OR 0.98; p = 0.01). A longer hospital stay was strongly associated with a poorer quality of sleep the first night postoperatively (p = 0.002). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The quality of sleep the first night after abdominal hysterectomy is an important factor for recovery. In fast-track abdominal hysterectomy, it seems important to use anesthesia and multimodal analgesia reducing the need for opioids postoperatively and to use strategies that diminish other factors that may interfere negatively with sleep. Efforts to enhance quality of sleep postoperatively by means of preventive measures and treatment of sleep disturbances should be included in fast-track programs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kullberg, Angelika, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching one thing at a time or several things together? : Teachers changing their way of handling the object of learning by being engaged in a theory-based professional learning community in mathematics and science
- 2016
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Ingår i: Teachers and Teaching. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 1354-0602 .- 1470-1278. ; 22:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twelve lower secondary schoolteachers in mathematics and science were asked to teach a topic of their choice during a lesson that was video-recorded. We were able to analyse 10 of the cases and we found that all of them were similar in one respect: concepts and principles were introduced one at a time, each one followed by examples of the concept or principle in question, apparently to highlight its essential meaning. All the teachers participated in three modified lesson studies with three cycles in four different groups during three semesters. The modified lesson studies were built on a theoretical idea supported by a large number of recent studies. The theory states that new meanings (of concepts and principles, for instance) are learned through engaging with instances of contrasting concepts and principles. The core idea is that new meanings derive from differences, not from sameness. After the three modified lesson studies, the teachers were asked to once again teach the same topic as in the recorded lessons before the lesson studies. The new lessons were also recorded and the analysis showed that there was one thing in common in all cases: all of the 10 teachers dealt with the relevant concepts and principles in relation to each other (i.e. simultaneously) and not one at a time. By thus bringing out the differences between them, their meaning was made possible to grasp for the students. The study lends support to the conjecture that the modified lesson study is a powerful tool for enabling teachers to structure the content of their teaching in accordance with a principle that is more powerful in making learning possible, even if this contradicts their taken-for-granted practice.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of two novel cyclodextrinases using on-line microdialysis sampling with high-performance anion exchange chromatography
- 2006
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 385:8, s. 1421-1429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a real-time sampling/analytical method for on-line measurements of two newly discovered cyclomaltodextrinases (CDases) has been developed and evaluated. This novel methodology not only allows the final products to be investigated, but it also reveals enzyme-specific differences in the degradation pathways during the hydrolysis of different substrates, which is a great advantage in the important tasks of investigating the mechanisms of and classifying new hydrolases, and is an advantage that conventional techniques cannot offer. Two different enzymes, one CDase from Laceyella sacchari (LsCda13) and one from Anoxybacillus flavithermus (AfCda13), were investigated during the hydrolysis of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrin, and the hydrolysis products were sampled via a microdialysis probe and injected on-line every 30 min into a high-performance anion exchange chromatography system equipped with a pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD), where they were identified. The enzymes yielded the same end-products, maltose and glucose, in an approximate molar ratio of 2:1, but they exhibited distinctly different patterns of intermediate product formation before reaching the end-point. LsCda13 had a more random distribution of the intermediate products, whereas AfCda13 showed the distinct intermediate production of maltotriose, which in some cases accumulated.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Niklas, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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The Delayed Presentation of Achilles Tendon Ruptures Is Associated With Marked Alterations in the Gene Expression of COL1A1, MMPs, TIMPs, and IL-6
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 52:1, s. 164-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Both acute and chronic Achilles tendon ruptures are affected by alterations in the extracellular matrix during the healing process of the tendon. Yet, these alterations in gene expression patterns are not well characterized. Purpose: To characterize temporal and spatial differences in gene expression patterns after an Achilles tendon rupture and to evaluate if cells from chronic Achilles tendon ruptures have the same ability to form new tendon tissue (tendon constructs) as healthy tendon cells. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 35 patients with surgically treated Achilles tendon ruptures were included in the study and divided into 3 groups: acute (<4 weeks), short-term chronic (1-6 months), and long-term chronic (>6 months). Biopsy specimens were collected during surgical repair and were used to analyze the gene expression within the different groups and to compare mRNA levels in the proximal and distal tendon ends. A complementary in vitro experiment was performed to evaluate if cells from chronic Achilles tendon ruptures can form tendon constructs. Results: The mRNA levels for COL1A1 and COL3A1 were significantly higher in the short-term chronic group compared with the acute group (P <.05). Both MMP-1 and MMP-13 had the highest mRNA levels in the acute group (P <.01) compared with the long-term chronic group, while MMP-2 had the highest mRNA level in the short-term chronic group. Significant differences between the proximal and distal tendon ends were only detected for the monocyte and macrophage marker CD163 (P <.05), which was more expressed proximally. Cells extracted from chronic Achilles tendon ruptures displayed a similar ability and effectiveness to form tendon constructs as healthy tendon cells. Conclusion: A high collagenase gene activity after an Achilles tendon rupture indicated possible rapid matrix degradation in the acute phase. Chronic ruptures appeared to initiate the healing process even before treatment, indicated by the higher expression of collagen in the short-term chronic group. Cells from chronic Achilles tendon ruptures also displayed an ability to form new tendon tissue in vitro. Clinical Relevance: The study shows a rapid increase in collagenase gene expression, which could lead to matrix degradation that continues for months after an Achilles tendon rupture.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Pernilla, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Coherence in science teacher education : Supporting preservice teachers´use of digital technologies in science
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research indicates, that despite increased access and improved technical artefacts, few teachers have integrated ICT in the curriculum in a way that leads to significant changes in classroom practice. This paper reports on a project where 19 preservice teachers were provided with a reflective tool (T-CoRe) in order to systematically encourage reflection on why and how to use digital technologies in their science teaching. The project aimed to capture and understand aspects of preservice teachers TPACK while planning for teaching particular science topic. The results indicate that working with the T-CoRe has the potential of helping preservice teachers conceptualise their TPACK and make explicit the different dimensions of, and links between, knowledge of content, teaching, and learning about a topic through the use of digital technologies.
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| 10. |
- Schultze, Felix, 1958-
(författare)
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Coteaching chemical bonding with Upper secondary senior students : A way to refine teachers PCK
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate how an experienced chemistry teacher gains and refines her pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) by cooperating with two grade 12 students (age 18) as coteachers while teaching chemical bonding in a grade 10 Upper secondary class. The study has been conducted from a sociocultural perspective, especially Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) (Vygotsky, 1978). Other theoretical concepts and models that has framed this study are Shulman´s Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and Pedagogical reasoning and action model (Shulman, 1986, 1987). When analysing the data, Magnusson, Krajcik, and Borko´s (1999) model of PCK and the 2017 Refined consensus model of PCK (Carlson, Daehler, et al., in press) was used. Empirical data was collected by video- and audio recorded lessons, coreflection sessions, coplanning sessions and interviews. During 10 weeks, about 28 hours of video and audio recordings was collected. Selected parts of the material were transcribed and analysed in order to answer two questions: (1) How can chemistry teachers refine their PCK when coteaching together with senior students in an Upper secondary science class? (2) How do Upper secondary senior student coteachers´ conceptual knowledge of representations and chemical bonding shape a teacher’s foundation of personal PCK (pPCK) when teaching chemical bonding in an Upper secondary science class?The results relating to research question one indicates that the coteachers contributed with their own learning experiences to help the teacher understand how students perceive difficult concepts. The coteachers were mediating between the teacher and the students, thus bridging the gap between the teacher and the students’ frames of references. The experienced chemistry teacher improved her understanding of students´ thinking about themselves as learners of chemical bonding. Regarding the second research question, the findings showed that the creative process of reconstructing concepts of chemical bonding in the coplanning sessions meant that these were a useful tool for developing new teaching strategies and to further develop representations such as drama to illustrate chemical bonding. Together, the teacher and student coteachers, constructed a new representation that better illustrated polar covalent bonding.Taken together, these results provide important insights into how the chemistry teacher´s pPCK was refined and how the coteachers contributed to improve instructional strategies.
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| 11. |
- Ståhl, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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National inventory of landscapes in Sweden (NILS) : scope, design, and experiences from establishing a multi-scale biodiversity monitoring system
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 173:1-4, s. 579-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The landscape-level and multiscale biodiversity monitoring program National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden (NILS) was launched in 2003. NILS is conducted as a sample-based stratified inventory that acquires data across several spatial scales, which is accomplished by combining aerial photo interpretation with field inventory. A total of 631 sample units are distributed across the land base of Sweden, of which 20% are surveyed each year. By 2007 NILS completed the first 5-year inventory phase. As the reinventory in the second 5-year phase (2008-2012) proceeds, experiences and insights accumulate and reflections are made on the setup and accomplishment of the monitoring scheme. In this article, the emphasis is placed on background, scope, objectives, design, and experiences of the NILS program. The main objective to collect data for and perform analyses of natural landscape changes, degree of anthropogenic impact, prerequisites for natural biological diversity and ecological processes at landscape scale. Different environmental conditions that can have direct or indirect effects on biological diversity are monitored. The program provides data for national and international policy and offers an infrastructure for other monitoring program and research projects. NILS has attracted significant national and international interest during its relatively short time of existence; the number of stakeholders and cooperation partners steadily increases. This is constructive and strengthens the incentive for the multiscale monitoring approach.
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| 12. |
- Widing, Lizette, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A social semiotic lens to capture meaning-making of polymeric concepts during modelling in chemistry education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemistry Education Research and Practice. - Cambridge : RSC Publishing. - 1756-1108 .- 1109-4028. ; 24:2, s. 659-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated students’ meaning-making of polymeric concepts during modelling and discuss students’ creation of visible representations in chemistry. The analysis combines a phenomenographic and social semiotic approach and leads to the finding and description of 21 different meaning-making processes. We refer to meaning-making as the outcome of translative communication through representations, discerned by students, where the collective meaning of created representations that build on each other constitutes the meaning as a whole. The study took place in three Swedish upper secondary chemistry classes. Data were collected from eight groups of 3–4 students (n = 30). Video, audio recordings and photos taken during modelling were analysed to investigate students’ meaning-making during the modelling process. The results show translative changes between and within semiotic resources, indicating meaning for students’ learning of polymeric concepts. Additionally, the representations produced during modelling were essential resources connecting the submicro and macro levels by creating a ‘bridge’ between levels. The results show that the modelling activities practised by all groups were multimodal. The study acknowledges that teachers can use the social semiotic lens as a tool to evaluate students’ modelling in addition to the importance of translative processes during modelling. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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| 13. |
- Widing, Lizette, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A Student-Active Approach to Science Models and Representation : A Way to Improve Scientific Language of Second Language Learners?
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent years changes have taken place in European and Swedish schools. The classroom situation has in many schools changed from single-lingual to multilingual. A larger number of students in Sweden are in the beginning of speaking Swedish but who participate in the same teaching as native speakers. The science disciplines, primarily chemistry, are experienced as difficult by many students because chemistry is abstract and contain many subject-specific concepts. It is a great challenge for teachers to offer teaching adapted to all students regardless of first language.This study intends to investigate how a student-active approach to representations and models in chemistry might be a way to develop the scientific language of second language learners. Active student approach to properties of polymers is a concrete way to visualize and discuss chemical bonding, often perceived abstract otherwise. The study is conducted in a multilingual class, with eight different first languages represented, in upper secondary school in Sweden. The teacher and majority of the students speak Swedish as their first language. Since several languages are represented students cannot use code switching or translanguaging when learning chemistry, to the same extent as in bilingual contexts. In this study, learning is approached as a sociocultural activity focusing on how scientific language develop through interaction with others. Data is collected from classroom practices using audio and video recordings and followed up with semi-structured interviews. Language is analysed from the perspective of adequate scientific language and correct use and understanding of subject-specific concepts using a thematic coding approach. To increase validity intra-rater reliability are used. As the amount of research on how second-language learners use subject specific language while working with models and representations in chemistry is limited, this study might provide useful information about new strategies to improve scientific language of second language learners.
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| 14. |
- Widing, Lizette, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling as a Tool to Improve Second Language Learners’ Descriptions of Non-Spontaneous Chemistry Concepts
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science Education International. - Izmir : International Council of Associations for Science Education. - 1450-104X .- 2077-2327. ; 33:2, s. 181-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated how modeling in chemistry affect second language learners’ descriptions of polymeric concepts. The aim was to investigate how chemistry discussions mediated by representations, contribute to second language students’ development in the language of chemistry. The study took place in three multilingual upper secondary classes. Participating students were (n = 16) second language learners and (n = 14) first language learners. There were in total eight different first languages represented. Data comprised polymeric concept descriptions, audio recordings, and photos taken during modeling. The concept descriptions were analyzed by an inductive content analysis which was then used for a deductive analysis of the modeling-activity. The results show that 65% of second language learners concept descriptions showed an increased clarity, and 45% showed increased use of chemical concepts after the modeling-activity. This study highlights how students in a multilingual context develop their language of chemistry by discussing chemistry scaffolded by representations. The results show that second language learners in a multilingual context benefited from the modeling-activity. As such, the study acknowledges that modeling contexts can be used in teacher education, both in-service and pre-service, to highlight the importance of the role of representations when teaching in the multilingual context.
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| 15. |
- Widing, Lizette, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Modellbaserat lärande i det flerspråkiga klassrummet : En undervisningsmetod i kemi för att främja naturvetenskaplig språkutveckling hos elever med svenska som andraspråk?
- 2020
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Ingår i: FND 2020 11-12 november 2020 Digitalt från Göteborg. ; , s. 6-7
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De senaste åren har förändringar skett i svenska skolor. Klassrumssituationen har på många skolor förändrats från en- eller tvåspråkig till flerspråkig. Ett större antal elever i Sverige har begränsad kunskap i svenska men deltar i samma undervisning och på samma villkor, som elever som har svenska som förstaspråk. De naturvetenskapliga disciplinerna, främst kemi upplevs av många elever som svåra då kemi är abstrakt och innehåller många ämnesspecifika begrepp. Detta innebär en stor utmaning för lärare att erbjuda undervisning anpassad till alla elever oavsett modersmål. Denna studie har för avsikt att undersöka den naturvetenskapliga begrepps- och språkutvecklingen hos elever som har svenska som andraspråk och som deltar i ett modellbaserat lärande i det flerspråkiga sammanhanget. Studien har genomförts i tre olika klasser, i totalt åtta flerspråkiga grupper med 3-4 deltagande elever per grupp och undervisningen har handlat om polymerer och polymerers egenskaper. I studien finns åtta olika förstaspråk representerade. Undervisande lärare och majoriteten av eleverna har svenska som förstaspråk. I studien ses lärande som en sociokulturell aktivitet med fokus på hur naturvetenskapligt språk utvecklas genom interaktion med andra. Vid datainsamlingen användes olika metoder. För att undersöka elevernas förståelse för relevanta ämnesspecifika begrepp svarade eleverna på en begreppsenkät före, under och efter klassrumsaktiviteterna. Ytterligare data samlades in från elevdiskussionerna med hjälp av ljud- och videoinspelningar. Enkätsvaren och gruppdiskussionerna har analyserats utifrån elevernas begreppsförståelse, begreppsanvändning samt naturvetenskaplig språkutveckling. Studiens preliminära resultat visar på att majoriteten av deltagande elever som har svenska som andraspråk uppvisar en progression i begreppsförståelse, begreppsanvändning samt naturvetenskapligt språk inom undersökt ämnesområde, vid en modellbaserad undervisning. Då forskning kring huruvida elever, i det flerspråkiga sammanhanget, utvecklar sitt naturvetenskapliga språk vid modellbaserad undervisning är begränsad, kan denna studie ge användbar information huruvida modellbaserat lärande i kemi kan vara ett undervisningssätt för att förbättra naturvetenskaplig begrepps- samt språkutveckling hos elever med svenska som andraspråk.
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| 16. |
- Widing, Lizette, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling Based Teaching in Chemistry in a Multilingual Context : A Teaching Strategy to Improve Scientific Language of Second Language Learners?
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study focuses on if and how second language learners' explanations of polymeric concepts and scientific language in chemistry develop through Modelling Based Teaching in a multilingual context. The study is conducted in three multilingual classes, with eight different first languages represented, in an upper secondary school in Sweden. In the theoretical framework of Modelling-based Teaching in science education, MBT, along with this study, models are understood as epistemic artefacts, related to many of the scientific practices in which chemistry argumentation is an essential part of the activity (J. K. Gilbert & Justi, 2016). Previous studies have shown that conducting a more student-active approach in chemistry teaching leads to the development of students' use of scientific language (Abir & Dori, 2013; Ehdwall & Wickman, 2018). In addition to MBT enabling a student-communicative approach to chemistry, MBT is also multimodal. Students' explanatory models can be expressed in many ways. When students fail to verbally express their thoughts about a scientific phenomenon, they can use non-verbal representations such as drawings, concrete models, or gestures to support their argumentation (Gilbert & Justi, 2016). Studies show that nonverbal representations, in modelling, are common when students attempt to express their ideas more clearly, by substituting or explaining specific scientific vocabulary (Mendonça & Justi, 2013). These aspects justify the use of MBT in a multilingual teaching situation. Concerning students who are not taught in their first language and who have not yet developed their second language or scientific language corresponding to the level of the teaching, non-verbal argumentation can be of great help to understand processes, contexts, and concepts and to develop a scientific language. The result indicates that students with Swedish as a second language in a multilingual context benefit from the MBT-activity in developing explanations of concepts and scientific language.
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| 17. |
- Widing, Lizette, 1973-
(författare)
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MODELLING-BASED TEACHING IN CHEMISTRY IN A MULTILINGUAL CONTEXT : A tool to explore and visualise the non-spontaneous and abstract?
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis aims to investigate modelling-based teaching in the multilingual context. Modelling-based teaching concerns when students create, discuss, and evaluate representations to visualise concepts and processes. In this thesis, modelling-based teaching has been used in polymer chemistry at a Swedish secondary school. Data has been collected from eight multilingual groups from three different classes. A total of 30 students participated in the study, 16 students with Swedish as a second language and 14 students with Swedish as a first language. The modelling-based teaching activity has been investigated from several aspects. The first paper focused on if and how second language learners’ conceptual descriptions were affected by modelling-based teaching. The second paper focused on how students’ meaning-making during modelling-based teaching could be detected and analysed from a social semiotic perspective. The thesis has been conducted from a sociocultural (Vygotsky, 1978; Vygotsky, 1986), a phenomenographic (Marton & Booth, 1997), and a social semiotic perspective (Kress & Bezemer, 2015; Kress, 2001). Empirical data consists of audio and video recordings and photographs taken during the modelling activity, where students in multilingual groups created representations and discussed concepts and processes concerning polymer chemistry. Empirical material, relevant to the intention of what the students should learn from the modelling activity and critical aspects, were transcribed and analysed to answer the following questions: (1) How are descriptions of nonspontaneous concepts in polymer chemistry of second language learners affected by modelling? (2) What social semiotic practices are observed during a modelling activity in a chemistry unit of polymers? (3) How do these practices influence students’ meaning-making of created representations crucial for the understanding of polymeric concepts? The result for the first research question indicates that the modelling activity contributed to that 101 concept descriptions (65%) showed an increased clarity, and 70 concept descriptions (45%) showed an increased use of chemical concepts, for second language learners. The result highlights how second language learners in a multilingual context develop their language of chemistry by discussing chemistry in a context where they are stimulated to create and modify representations. The results also indicate that the created representations scaffolded students’ chemistry discussions by using the created representations as mediating artefacts when discussing chemistry. The results for the second and third research questions indicate that translative processes between and within created representations indicate meaning-making for students’ learning of polymeric concepts. As such, the thesis highlights the importance of identifying translative processes during students’ modelling. Furthermore, it is discussed that teachers can use the social semiotic lens as a tool to identify and evaluate students’ meaning-making during modelling-based teaching. The results indicate that created representations were important bridging resources between the submicro and macro levels. This means that the students, with the help of created representations, linked the structure and chemical properties of macromolecules to the properties of different materials. The results also show that the modelling activities practised by all groups were multimodal. Overall, this thesis highlights the importance of student-active approaches in the chemistry classroom, where students can visualise and discuss the invisible and abstract to develop their language of chemistry. The thesis also contributes to highlighting social semiotics as a tool for teachers to pay attention to students’ meaning-making during modelling-based teaching.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Zimmerman Nilsson, Marie-Helene, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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From Pedagogical Knowledge to Pedagogical Content Knowledge : Development in Mentor and Student-Teacher Group Conversations
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. - Port Louis : Tresorix Ltd. - 1694-2493 .- 1694-2116. ; 18:10, s. 233-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study focuses on mentor group conversation meetings with primary student-teachers, demonstrating how student-teachers ́ reflections on classroom experiences might influence their understanding of the complicated relationship between teaching, subject matter content and the context. The aim is to study how mentors ́ and student-teachers ́ reflections affect (or not) the student-teachers ́ development of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The theoretical framework derives from a sociocultural perspective, emphasising the collective character of teaching and learning. The empirical material consists of video documented mentor group conversations during one semester within an academic school context. Findings show development of PCK, highlighting a transition from pedagogical knowledge and contextual knowledge, to a blending of subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and contextual knowledge. This blending only occurred when the student teachers reflected on their teaching. Findings demonstrate the need to systematically explore student-teacher reflections of their teaching in practice to discern how different knowledge bases integrate into PCK. ©2019 The authors and IJLTER.ORG. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Zimmerman Nilsson, Marie-Helene, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching in a digital learning platform : A case study of how second language English teachers express their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) during collegial reflections
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICERI2018 Proceedings. - : The International Academy of Technology, Education and Development. - 9788409059485 ; , s. 9366-9371
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, digital technologies have been more and more integrated into teachers´ classroom practice. Perceptions of knowledge and the teacher´s role might change when digital resources are introduced in the classroom - regardless of the subject. As a consequence, teachers might reconsider the concept of learning in educational contexts. Despite a vast number of studies from a Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) perspective, there is still a need for studies that focus on how TPACK develops among teachers. Thus, the aim of this case study is to explore how three teachers´ Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is expressed during a second language English project in secondary school. The research question is: How are teachers´ components of TPACK expressed and integrated within their reflections on their teaching in a second language English project with a digital learning platform? The theoretical framework is based on Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and more specifically on technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), which is essential to this study. The empirical data consists of video recorded stimulated recall group interviews and the analysis is inspired by the structures of content analysis. The research context was a compulsory school situated near a larger town. The school had a special license with a digital learning company that provided a digital learning management system called Digital learning platform (DLP), that offered opportunities to arrange teaching projects digitally. The results show that several combined components of TPACK are present in teachers´ reflections on their teaching; Technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK), Technological content knowledge (TCK), and Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The way in which these components appear seems to depend on the phase in the project. Thus, when planning the project, expressions of TPACK are characterised by suggestions of how to use the Digital Learning Platform (DPL), whereas reflections after teaching were characterised by analysing the use of the DPL related to advantages or disadvantages for students´ learning processes. Overall, the teachers´ reflections on their teaching developed, where components of TPACK related to functions in the DPL after the project were referred to in a more deepened and differentiated way. In summary, discussions and reflections with regard to the possibilities and limitations for learning with the use of DPL in school and important questions concerning teachers´ digital competence were elucidated. As such, the result of this study might create a discussion of and recommendations for how teachers choose, combine, implement, and evaluate digital technologies for different teaching and learning situations.
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| 21. |
- Zimmerman Nilsson, Marie-Helene, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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When Content Matters - Capturing and Developing Preschool Student Teachers´ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Music
- 2017
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Ingår i: ABSTRACTS. ; , s. 37-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on a group of preschool student teachers´ reflections of their Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) during a 10-week music methods course. The student teachers created Content Representations (CoRe) when planning before and reflecting after their music lessons in a preschool context. The analysis of written reflections in CoRe protocols about the teaching of “Dynamics” indicates changes in focus between CoRe 1 and CoRe 2, suggesting a development of PCK. More specifically it was a progress from children gaining experience to children´s understanding, from teaching strategies to children´s learning, and from the teacher governing the activity to involve children collaboration. In conclusion, this approach to enhancing preschool teachers´ professional development in music adapting a CoRe based methodology has a promising potential to make their PCK more explicit and elaborate.
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| 22. |
- Åkerfeldt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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"Fridolin backar in i framtiden om digitala läromedel"
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2021-12-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ingress: 23 forskare inom it- och utbildningsområdet: Regeringens utredare borde inte lyfta fram läsning på skärm som något negativt.Forskning visar att både tryckta och digitala läromedel behövs i skolan.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Alonzo, Alicia C., et al.
(författare)
-
Unpacking the Complexity of Science Teachers’ PCK in Action : Enacted and Personal PCK
- 2019. - 1
-
Ingår i: Repositioning Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Teachers’ Professional Knowledge. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811358982 - 9789811358975 ; , s. 271-286
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on enacted PCK (ePCK), i.e. the specific knowledge and skills that science teachers use in their practice, as it plays out in specific classroom contexts while teaching particular content to their students. In unpacking this aspect of the Refined Consensus Model (RCM) of PCK, we consider both the nature of ePCK and its interactions with other realms of PCK, primarily personal PCK (pPCK). Recognising the complexity of classroom practice—in terms of both the uniqueness of each classroom situation and the necessarily spontaneous nature of classroom interactions—we propose a mechanism through which pPCK is transformed into ePCK, and vice versa, throughout the plan-teach-reflect cycle. We then illustrate these ideas using several empirical examples of efforts to capture and analyse science teachers’ ePCK (and associated pPCK). We conclude with discussion of some of the opportunities, challenges and implications of using the RCM, along with our unpacking of ePCK and its relationship to pPCK, as a means of understanding the knowledge that science teachers utilise in the midst of planning, teaching and reflecting.
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| 27. |
- Alonzo, Alicia, et al.
(författare)
-
EPCK : Diving into the inner circle
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on enacted PCK (ePCK), i.e., the specific knowledge and skills that science teachers use in their practice, as it plays out in specific classroom contexts while teaching particular content to their students. In unpacking this aspect of the Refined Consensus Model (RCM) of PCK, we consider both the nature of ePCK and its interactions with other realms of PCK, primarily personal PCK (pPCK). Recognising the complexity of practice—in terms of both the uniqueness of each classroom situation and the necessarily spontaneous nature of classroom interactions—we propose a mechanism through which pPCK is transformed into ePCK, and vice versa, throughout the plan-teach-reflect cycle. We then illustrate these ideas using several empirical examples of efforts to capture and analyse science teachers’ ePCK (and associated pPCK). We conclude with discussion of some of the opportunities, challenges, and implications of using the RCM, along with our unpacking of ePCK and its relationship to pPCK, as a means of understanding the knowledge that science teachers utilise in the midst of planning, teaching, and reflecting.
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| 28. |
- Astvaldsdottir, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Oral health and dental care of older persons-A systematic map of systematic reviews
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Gerodontology. - : Wiley. - 0734-0664 .- 1741-2358. ; 35:4, s. 290-304
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine the current knowledge on oral health status and dental care of older persons through a systematic mapping of systematic reviews of low or moderate risk of bias. Background: Geriatric dentistry covers all aspects of oral health and oral care of older persons. Oral health is part of general health and contributes to a person's physical, psychological and social wellbeing. Methods: A literature search was performed in three different databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Cinahl) within 12 domains: Dental caries, periodontitis, Orofacial pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, mucosal lesions, oral motor function, dry mouth, halitosis, interaction between oral status and other medical conditions, ability to interrelate and communicate, quality of life, ethics and organisation of dental care for older persons. Systematic reviews were identified and scrutinised, highlighting scientific knowledge and knowledge gaps. Results: We included 32 systematic reviews of which 14 were judged to be of low/moderate risk of bias. Most of the domains lack systematic reviews with low or moderate risk of bias. In two of the domains evidence was identified; in institutionalised people aged 65 or older, effective oral hygiene can prevent pneumonia. Furthermore, there is an evidence of a relationship between malnutrition (protein energy-related malnutrition, PEM) and poor appetite and edentulousness. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for further research and evidence-based knowledge within most domains in geriatric dentistry and in other fields related to oral health and dental care for older persons striving for multi-disciplinary research programmes.
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| 29. |
- Becevic, Semir
(författare)
-
Klassrumsbedömning i matematik på gymnasieskolans nivå
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klassrumsbedömning i matematik på gymnasienivå är en licentiatstudie med en intention att närma sig, fånga upp samt förstå och tolka lärares ageranden, tankar, upplevelser och reflektioner inom och om bedömningen i matematik i gymnasiet. En annan avsikt är delvis att fylla i luckan mellan det målrelaterade kursbedömningssystemet och det praktiska fältet med en kvalitativ forskningsstudie om lärarerfarenheter från gymnasiets matematikkurser.Studien kan inte på något sätt betraktas som uttömmande. Den är selektiv till sin natur. Det finns många andra faktorer som också påverkar de deltagande lärarnas handlingar, funderingar och beslut inom bedömningsfältet av vilka endast ett fåtal berörs av studien. Det finns även så många matematiklärare utanför studien. Lägg likaså till mer eller mindre involverade och intresserade organisationer och institutioner.Intervjuer och fokusgruppsamtal med ett antal matematiklärare från diverse gymnasieskolor har spelats in och detaljerat analyserats genom transkriberingar. Den metodanalytiska och den teoretiska ansatsen från grundad teori har succesivt lett till urskiljandet av åtta typer av bedömningsstrategier: den intuitiva, den inväntande, den kontinuerliga, den likvärdiga, den målinriktade, den provinriktade, den undervisningskopplade samt självbedömningsstrategin och till en teori om hur lärare beskriver och reflekterar om bedömning i matematik på gymnasiet. Strategierna uppvisar en rikedom i lärarnas resonemang om bedömning. Teorin har avslutningsvis fört studien till ett antal begrepp och tillhörande kategoriseringar som har underättat förstaelsen av lärarnas handlingar och resonemang inom matematikbedömningen på gymnasiet.
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| 30. |
- Beck, Ingela
(creator_code:cre_t)
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Nyfiken på omvårdnad - 05 - : Knocking On Natures Door
- 2024
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Konstnärligt arbete (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Högskolan Kristianstads omvårdnadspodd med Ingela Beck, Eva-Lena Einberg, Pernilla Garmy och gäster. Intervju med distriktssköterskorna Niklas Kämpargård och Michael Nilsson om deras magisteruppsats Knockin on nature´s door: en litteraturöversikt över betydelsen av naturupplevelser vid psykisk ohälsa. Avsnittet leds av Marie (Mia) Nilsson som är forskare vid Högskolan Kristianstad och undervisar på fakulteten för hälsovetenskap vid Högskolan Kristianstad.
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| 31. |
- Berg, Sandra, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge transfer within and across organizational boundaries: A case study in the construction industry
- 2012
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Ingår i: ARCOM 28th Annual Conference, Edinburgh, 3-5 September 2012. ; 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge transfer is essential for an organization to be competitive and successful. However, as projects are temporary, knowledge is often bound to the individuals in projects rather than to the core organizations. The main research question for this article is: How can collaboration be used in order to transfer knowledge from one project to another within an organization or with other organizations within a project? To do this, a theoretical framework of recent literature concerning knowledge management and transfer is used, as well as a case study about an urban development organization working with a rather unique collaboration structure in order to maximize the knowledge transfer from and between different actors. Our method of research has been interviews with a divisional manager and two project managers at an urban development organization. Results from our case study indicate that in the planning phase, knowledge transfer includes collecting feedback and information as well as using a central knowledge platform. During the production phase, face-to-face communication is the most important form of knowledge transfer. After each project, evaluation is essential to collect the experience of collaboration and identify planning errors. Our findings also show that most knowledge transfer occurs at an informal level. The study concludes that several factors affect knowledge transfer in a construction organization. The most essential are the media in which knowledge is transferred and the way information is stored. Taking all factors into consideration, an organization with a decentralized structure and an open and broad-minded culture enables successful knowledge transfer.
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| 32. |
- Bergqvist, Anna, 1969-
(författare)
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Models of chemical bonding : Representations Used in School Textbooks and by Teachers and their Relation to Students´Difficulties in Understanding.
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on how school textbooks and teachers present models of chemical bonding in upper secondary schools in Sweden. In science, as well as in science education, models play a central role, but research has shown that they often are difficult for students to understand. In science education, models are presented to students mainly through textbooks and teachers, and textbooks influence teachers’ teaching. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how textbooks and teachers present models of chemical bonding with respect to students’ difficulties in understanding.To analyze representations of models, an analytical framework based on research reports of students’ difficulties in understanding related to models in general and chemical bonding in particular was developed. The chapters of chemical bonding in five chemistry textbooks were analyzed. Further, ten Chemistry teachers’ lesson plans about chemical bonding and semi-structured interviews with the teachers concerning their teaching were analyzed.This analysis concerned teachers pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of teaching chemical bonding, with focus on knowledge of students’ difficulties in understanding and teaching strategies that take these difficulties into account. The results show that the teachers could specify examples of students’ learning difficulties, but the teaching strategies to promote the students’ understanding were limited. This indicates a deficient interaction between knowledge of difficulties in understanding and teaching strategies, two essential components of teachers’ PCK. Further, the models of chemical bonding represented in the textbooks and by the teachers might cause students’ difficulties in understanding. This indicates a gap between research of students’ difficulties in understanding and teaching practices as well as textbooks’ development. Further, the teachers’ representations of models were strongly influenced by the textbooks. Implications for textbooks’ authors, pre-service as well as in-service teachers are addressed.
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| 33. |
- Bergqvist, Anna, 1969-
(författare)
-
Teaching and learning of chemical bonding models : Aspects of textbooks, students’ understanding and teachers’ professional knowledge
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite the growing importance of science and technology in society, school students consider these subjects irrelevant and hard to learn. Teachers must therefore know how to teach science in ways that enhance students’ understanding and interest. This thesis explores various aspects of the teaching and learning of chemical bonding, an important topic in school chemistry that is primarily taught using models. Research has shown that students find chemical bonding difficult to understand, and that the use of models in science education contributes to this difficulty. I therefore investigated teachers’ knowledge of how to teach chemical bonding and ways of developing it to improve students’ understanding. To this end, I analysed chemistry textbooks and teachers’ lesson plans, and conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers about their teaching of chemical bonding. This revealed that the representations of chemical bonding used in textbooks and by teachers can cause students difficulties. The teachers were generally unaware of how these representations might affect students’ understanding, implying that their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) could be improved. To explore ways of incorporating research findings into teaching practice and developing teachers’ PCK, I conducted a learning study in which three secondary science teachers together explored and reflected on their own teaching practice. CoRe, a method for creating detailed descriptions of what, how, and why specific content is taught, was used to enhance the reflections and make the teachers’ PCK explicit. As a result, the teachers developed their representations of chemical bonding, became more aware of students’ understanding, and were better able to motivate their actions and choices of content and strategies.This thesis shows how professional development can bridge the gap between research and teaching practice, and how teachers’ PCK can be developed to improve students’ understanding.
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| 34. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Klimatförändringar och biologisk mångfald : Slutsatser från IPCC och IPBES i ett svenskt perspektiv.
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De stora miljö- och samhällsproblemen kommer inte ensamma. De är sammankopplade på olika sätt. Detta innebär utmaningar men ger också möjligheter att utveckla åtgärder och lösningar. Det gäller både för klimatfrågan och frågan om att motverka förlusten av biologisk mångfald och ekosystem. Kunskapens betydelse för att hantera dessa och andra aspekter är ovärderlig, såväl kring specifika frågeställningar som kring omständigheter och förutsättningar för åtgärdsarbetet.Den här kunskapssammanställningen har gjorts av forskare från Lunds universitet och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och SMHI. Forskarna har tagit avstamp i de omfattande kunskapsutvärderingar som gjorts av den mellanstatliga klimatpanelen (IPCC) och den mellanstatliga plattformen för biologisk mångfald (IPBES). Slutsatserna från IPCC och IPBES sätts i ett svenskt perspektiv, bland annat genom utvalda exempel vilka fungerar som aktuella illustrationer av hur klimatförändringar påverkar biologisk mångfald och ekosystem i Sverige.
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| 35. |
- Björk, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced CD56 expression and increased numbers of CD56+bright cells in the peripheral blood of untreated endometriosis patients
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Problem: Endometriosis is characterized by ectopic implantation of endometrial-like tissue and impaired immuneresponses such as the cytotoxic function of NK cells. NK cells can be divided into two subpopulations where theCD56+bright cells produce more cytokines and have low natural cytotoxicity compared to CD56+dim cells. Themajority (>90%) of circulating NK cells are CD56+dim whereas very few (0-10 %) are CD56+bright.Method of Study: Using flow cytometry, NK cell subpopulations were analyzed in peripheral blood from 21individuals with endometriosis and 12 healthy controls. Furthermore, the NKG2D receptor expression on PBMCswas analyzed in untreated and treated endometriosis patients and controls.Results: We found an increased level of CD56+bright cells in 8 of 21 endometriosis patients. After surgery andhormonal treatment, the levels were normalized to that of controls. In a new cohort, the NKG2D receptorexpression on PBMCs was analyzed, with a lower expression in untreated patients compared to controls andpatients treated by surgery and hormones.Conclusions: Our findings of a dominant CD56+bright NK cell subpopulation in peripheral blood, anddownregulated levels of the NKG2D receptor on PBMCs, may explain the impaired cytotoxic immune functioncausing the persistence of ectopic endometrium in untreated endometriosis patients.
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| 36. |
- Björk, Emma, 1977-
(författare)
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Immunosuppressive mechanisms in endometriosis : a focus on the role of exosomes
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It has been suggested that the aberrant immunological mechanisms that cause dysfunction of immune cells and mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. There is substantial evidence of downregulated NK cell cytotoxicity and changes in inflammatory mediators such as cytokines in endometriosis. This research aimed to elucidate the immunosuppressive mechanisms in endometriosis, focusing on NK cells, the role of cytokines, and exosomes derived from endometriotic tissue.Cytokines are small peptides/proteins used for intercellular communication, and regulate immune-effector functions in health and disease. In Paper I, real-time RT-qPCR and a set of primers and probes for 11 cytokines were used defining cytotoxic Th1, humoral Th2, regulatory Tr1/Th3, and inflammatory cytokine profiles. Cytokine mRNA expression in endometriotic tissue was compared with endometrium, and systemically with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from women with endometriosis and healthy controls. In addition, immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies was performed to investigate T-regulatory cells in endometriotic lesions. A downregulation of mRNA for cytokines that mediate cytotoxicity and antibody response was found in the endometriotic lesions. At the same time, there was an upregulation of inflammatory and T-regulatory cytokines in the endometriotic lesions, suggesting enhanced local inflammation and priming of an adaptive regulatory response. Consistent with these findings, T-regulatory cells were abundant in the endometriotic lesions. These findings suggest that the ectopic implantation seen in endometriosis may be a consequence of increased inflammation and priming of adaptive T regulatory cells, resulting in impaired cytotoxicity and enhanced immune suppression. Exosomes are nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin; they are produced by most cells in the body, convey intercellular communication and participate in both normal and pathological processes. Paper II show that endometriotic lesions produce high amounts of exosomes. The exosomes expressed on their surfaces the NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1-3 and the proapoptotic molecules FasL and TRAIL. These molecules are known as immunosuppressive signatures. Functional experiments were performed to show that these exosomes can downregulate the main activating NK receptor NKG2D on CTL and NK cells, reduce the killing ability of PBMC from healthy donors, and induce apoptosis of activated lymphocytes through the FasL/Fas pathway. The production and secretion of exosomes from the endometriotic tissue may be further enhanced by the vigorous local inflammation at ectopic sites. The results show that endometriotic lesions secrete immunosuppressive exosomes that inhibit cytotoxicity and promote apoptosis of activated immune cells. The exosomes form a “protective shield” around the endometriotic tissue thus promoting their survival.NK cells are cytotoxic cells of the innate immune system. Human NK cells can be divided into two subsets: CD56+bright and CD56+dim. The CD56+dim subset is more naturally cytotoxic, whereas the CD56+bright subset produces more cytokines, but has low natural cytotoxicity. The majority (>90%) of circulating NK cells are CD56+dim, whereas very few (0-10 %) are CD56+bright. In Paper III a higher amount of CD56+bright cells in serum was observed in one third of endometriosis patients compared to healthy controls. The amount of these cells was normalized after treatment with surgery, with or without medical treatment. Untreated patients had a lower expression of NKG2D receptors on their NK cells and CTLs compared to treated patients and healthy controls, which could be due to endometriotic exosomes carrying the NKG2D ligands that downregulate the receptor. Thus, surgery might have a beneficial effect on cytotoxic NK-cell function in endometriosis.Endometriosis is considered a benign disease; however it has many features in common with tumors, and shares multiple microenvironmental hallmarks with cancer, including angiogenesis, immune dysregulation, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis. Paper II shows that endometriotic tissue secretes immunosuppressive exosomes. In Paper IV, exosomes in the peripheral blood of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients, and the impairment of the NKG2D receptor-ligand system in vivo before and after surgery, were studied. The serum exosomes isolated from the EOC patients carried the NKG2D ligands MICA/B and ULBP1-3. In functional experiments, the EOC exosomes downregulated the expression of the NKG2D receptor, and subdued NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity in NK cells from healthy donors in a similar manner to the endometriotic exosomes studied in Paper II. In Paper IV, surgery of the primary EOC tumor had a beneficial effect, alleviating the exosome-mediated suppression of NKG2D-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, exosome-mediated immunosuppression is revealed as a common mechanism of action for immune escape in endometriosis and cancer. The results presented in this thesis provide novel and important insights into the function of the immune system in endometriosis, and give new explanations for why ectopic endometrial tissue persists and proliferates outside the uterine cavity. Furthermore, the immunosuppression in the microenvironment of endometriosis, which has many similarities with the local tumor microenvironment (TME), was investigated with a focus on the role of endometriotic exosomes. Taken together, this thesis contributes to understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and might be useful in identifying biomarkers for endometriosis and developing new immunomodulatory therapies.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Borgquist, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of the release from a multiparticulate system validated by single pellet and dose release experiments
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - 1873-4995. ; 97:3, s. 453-465
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously described single-pellet release model has been simplified and modified to give predictions of the release from multiple-pellet systems, besides describing the release from single pellets. The simplified single-pellet model has been verified using single-pellet data and has been used to estimate three release-controlling parameters, namely the pellet core radius, the overall mass transfer coefficient, and the lag time. Single-pellet release experiments showed that the release from the individual film-coated drug cores resulted in a wide distribution of release profiles, a phenomenon not observed on the dose level. Therefore, the parameter estimations resulted in distributions of these parameter values. The core radius and the lag times compared well with the experimental data. The distributions were used as input data for the multiple pellet model, in order to predict the release profiles on the dose level, showing results consistent with the measured dose release. The dose-predictive ability of the model was demonstrated in simulations by studying the effect of a change in the size of the single subunits (of constant total dose), showing that smaller pellets give an increased release rate with less variation. The model for predicting dose-release profiles could be of great value in optimising the performance of an existing formulation, as well as in the development of a new control led-release pharmaceutical. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Health related quality of life in individuals transferred from a needle exchange program and starting opioid agonist treatment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of addiction. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-7834 .- 2090-7850. ; 2018, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT), for the treatment of heroin dependence, has been reported to improve overall health and lower mortality. Drug use and retention in treatment have often been used as measures of treatment success. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that measurements of quality of life should be an outcome in substance use treatment evaluations. In a recent randomized controlled trial we demonstrated high rates of successful rapid referral from a needle exchange program (NEP) to OAT. The aim of this study was to see whether an improvement in health related quality of life (HRQoL) could be seen at 3-month follow-up after starting OAT and whether it was associated with any baseline characteristics. We also wanted to compare our sample to a sample from the general population with regard to HRQoL. Methods. This was a 3-month follow-up of 71 patients who started OAT. Measurements of HRQoL with EQ-5D (an instrument developed by the EuroQol group) were made at baseline and at three months. Results. Mean EQ-5D VAS (visual analogue scale) for the study sample at baseline was 47.3, which was lower than a Swedish reference population reporting 83.3. Individuals reporting being prescribed a drug for a psychiatric condition had significantly lower EQ-5D index values. Improvement in EQ-5D index score was significantly less for individuals reporting previous overdoses (-0.10, p=0.025). Individuals reporting previous suicide attempts had significantly lower EQ-5D VAS score at baseline. A significant increase of the EQ-5D VAS difference over time was found with a mean difference of 10.94 (p=0.008) for the total sample. Conclusion. To our knowledge this is the first time HRQoL as an outcome is reported in a population transferred from a NEP to OAT. Our results indicate that OAT can result in increased HRQoL, even with this type of rapid low-threshold referral.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Malmö treatment referral and intervention study—high 12-month retention rates in patients referred from syringe exchange to methadone or buprenorphine/ naloxone treatment
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 8:AUG
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Heroin dependence is associated with high mortality. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with methadone or buprenorphine has strong evidence for treatment of this relapsing condition. In our setting, OAT has been associated with strict and demanding intake procedures, often with requirements of social stability, but also high, approximately 80 percent 12-month retention rates. In a recent randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated high rates of successful rapid referral from a syringe exchange programme (SEP) to treatment with methadone or buprenorphine, including actual treatment initiation. The objectives of this study were to assess 12-month retention rates, in order to assess whether a novel referral program of current drug users at a SEP would achieve retention rates comparable to more traditional intake procedures. Methods: The present report is a 12-month follow-up of 71 patients who successfully started treatment with methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. Patient data from baseline and at 12 months were collected. results: Out of the 71 patients who started treatment, 58 (82%) were still in treatment after 12 months. conclusion: This was a population, referred from a SEP, with a high drug use severity on admission and no pretreatment requirement for social stability, but there were still high retention rates at 12 months comparable to regular opioid agonist clinics in our setting.
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| 42. |
- Bråbäck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Substance Use, Hospitalizations, and Co-Occurring Disorders among Patients Transferred from a Needle Exchange Program to Opioid Maintenance Treatment
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opioid use disorders (OUD) is a relapsing condition with high mortality. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reduces heroin use, and overall morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders, potential baseline predictors for psychiatric hospitalization, and psychiatric diagnoses at follow-up were investigated and may give hints about possible preventative strategies. The medical records for 71 patients were reviewed 36 months following referral to OMT from a needle exchange program (NEP). Their psychiatric diagnoses and hospitalizations were identified. Their baseline characteristics were assessed for potential differences between hospitalized versus non-hospitalized patients and between patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses in a longitudinal observational study without controls. A regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. Sixty-five percent of the patients were hospitalized at least once with a psychiatric diagnosis. Substance-related reasons were prevalent, and detoxification occurred among 59% of patients, with sedative-hypnotics (benzodiazepines, zopiclone, zolpidem, and pregabalin) being the substance used by 52% of patients. Baseline use of these drugs and/or buprenorphine predicted for hospitalization when controlling for OMT status. During the follow-up period, 72% of patients met the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis other than OUD. The prevalence of non-substance use disorders overlapping with SUD was 41%, and that overlapping with anxiety disorder was 27% of all participants. Increased attention to psychiatric co-occurring disorders in the treatment of OUD is required and the importance of addressing sedative-hypnotics use when initiating OMT is highlighted.
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| 43. |
- Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Livebirth after uterus transplantation.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 385:9968, s. 607-616
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterus transplantation is the first available treatment for absolute uterine infertility, which is caused by absence of the uterus or the presence of a non-functional uterus. Eleven human uterus transplantation attempts have been done worldwide but no livebirth has yet been reported.
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| 44. |
- Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive, obstetric, and long-term health outcome after uterus transplantation: results of the first clinical trial
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 118:3, s. 576-585
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate reproductive, obstetric, and long-term health of the first completed study of uterus transplantation (UTx). Design: Prospective. Setting: University hospital. Patient(s): Nine live donor UTx procedures were conducted and seven were successful. Donors, recipients, and children born were observed. Intervention(s): In vitro fertilization was performed with embryo transfer (ET) of day 2 or day 5 embryos in natural cycles. Pregnancies and growth trajectory of the children born were observed. Health-related quality of life, psychosocial outcome, and medical health of donors and recipients were evaluated by questionnaires. Main Outcome Measure(s): The results of in vitro fertilization, pregnancies, growth of children, and long-term health of patients were reported. Result(s): Six women delivered nine infants, with three women giving birth twice (cumulative birth rates of 86% and 67% in surgically successful and performed transplants, respectively). The overall clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) per ET were 32.6% and 19.6%, respectively. For day 2 embryos, the CPR and LBR per ET were 12.5% and 8.6%, respectively. For day 5 embryos, the CPR and LBR per ET were 81.8% and 45.4%, respectively. Fetal growth and blood flow were normal in all pregnancies. Time of delivery (median in full pregnancy weeks + days [ranges]) by cesarean section and weight deviations was 35 + 3 (31 + 6 to 38 + 0) and -1% (-13% to 23%), respectively. Three women developed preeclampsia and four neonates acquired respiratory distress syndrome. All children were healthy and followed a normal growth trajectory. Measures of long-term health in both donors and recipients were noted to be favorable. When UTx resulted in a birth, scores for anxiety, depression, and relationship satisfaction were reassuring for both the donors and recipients. Conclusion(s): The results of this first complete UTx trial show that this is an effective infertility treatment, resulting in births of healthy children and associated with only minor psychological and medical long-term effects for donors and recipients. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02987023.
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| 45. |
- Bungum, Berit, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction to Strand 17 : Science in the Secondary School
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Electronic Proceedings of the Esera 2015 Conference. Science Education Research: Engaging Learners for a Sustainable Future, Part 17. - Helsinki : University of Helsinki. - 9789515115416 ; , s. 2770-2772
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Christensen, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Can landscape properties predict occurrence of grey-sided voles?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Population Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1438-3896 .- 1438-390X. ; 50:2, s. 169-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a long-term decline in spring and fall numbers of Clethrionomys rufocanus in boreal Sweden in 1971-2005. Previous studies on permanent sampling plots in the centre of 2.5 x 2.5 km landscapes suggested that habitat fragmentation (sensu destruction) could have contributed to the decline. Therefore, we tested these findings in a field study and compared trapping results on the central sampling plots of landscapes with a low degree of fragmentation (LDF) and of "hot spot" type with trapping results in managed forest landscapes with a high degree of fragmentation (HDF). We predicted that C. rufocanus would be more common on the LDF plots. We used our permanent plots supplemented with a new sample of plots, mainly of the rare LDF type, inside or just outside the long-term study area. Very few voles were trapped on both plot types, and no difference was found. However, a subsequent pilot study with trapping in a national park with large areas of pristine, unfragmented forest yielded more voles than in the managed, more fragmented, areas. Consequently, the initial field study data and some other recent data were also re-analysed from a "local patch quality" perspective. This alternative approach revealed the positive importance of large focal patches of forest > 60 years old and their content of old-growth (pine) forest (> 100 years). Interestingly, at the landscape level, the frequency distribution of patches of forest > 60 years old, old-growth (> 100 years), and especially of old-growth pine forest (> 100 years), relative to the properties of plots with C. rufocanus, suggested that there are few forest patches left that are suitable for C. rufocanus. Our current results suggest that habitat fragmentation cannot be excluded as a contributing cause to the long-term decline of C. rufocanus in boreal Sweden.
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| 48. |
- Christensen, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Dependence of Clethrionomys rufocanus on focal forest patch size and quality
- 2006
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. ; , s. 19-20
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The "local patch quality perspective" revealed the importance to C. rufocanus of a large patch of forest >60 yr old containing a lot of old-growth (pine) forest (>100 yr). In fact, at the landscape level, the frequency distribution of focal patches of forest >60 yr old and especially their content of old-growth pine forest (>100 yr), relative to the properties of plots with C. rufocanus, suggests that there are few forest patches left that are suitable for C. rufocanus in our study area. Our results strongly suggest habitat fragmentation as a contributing cause to the long-term decline of C. rufocanus.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Christensen, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Fåglar i ett landskapsperspektiv – ett samarbete mellan Nationell Inventering av Landskapet i Sverige (NILS) och Svensk Fågeltaxering (SFT)
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie var tvådelat där den första delen var att ta fram en effektiv flygbildsinventeringsmetodik för att kunna inventera ett större landskapsutsnitt än 1 x 1 km rutan och den andra delen var att hitta ett samband mellan myrfåglar och de landskapsdata som vi kunde plocka fram med den nya metodiken. Den flygbildsinventeringsmetodik som tagits fram under detta projekt medför att ett större område (3 x 3 km) kan inventeras på relativt kort tid (i genomsnitt 2 dagar). Tidsåtgången för att inventera hela 5 x 5 km rutan med denna metodik uppskattas till ca 3 dagar. Skillnaden från ordinarie NILS metodik är att betydligt större strukturer fångas upp eftersom karteringsenheten är större men även att detaljrikedomen som finns inom ordinarie NILS har fått minska betydligt. Med tiden finns förhoppningen att kunna effektivisera denna typ av flygbildsinventering än mer då den flygbildsinventeringstid som lagts ned under detta projekt även räknar in utveckling av metoden. I väntan på att nya möjligheter skall utvecklas skulle den metodik som vi tagit fram kunna utgöra en bra stomme för fortsatt verksamhet på en större skala än 1 x 1 km. Våra analyser av fågelarter på myrar och landskapsdata visade att fågeldata utgjorde för lite data för att vi skulle kunna se tydliga mönster samt kunna gå ned på den detaljnivå dvs. finindelning av myren, som vi ville. Tanken med den framtagna flygbildsinventeringsmetodiken var att ge data som passade för fler organismgrupper än fåglar samt att dessa data skulle kunna nyttjas även inom andra projekt såsom lillNILS. På grund av att projektet försökte svara mot både ett specifikt behov (SFT:s) samt ett mer generellt så kan vi konstatera att valet av rutor inte blev helt optimalt för att matcha landskapsdata från myrar med fågeldata. Vid fortsatta analyser kan det vara lämpligt att göra ett urval av de rutor som ligger i områden där dessa arter har sitt häckningsområde för att på så sätt begränsa antalet rutor med noll förekomst av dessa arter. Dessutom är det önskvärt att analysera flera NILS-rutor med en totalarea av myrar mellan 150 och 220 ha.
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