| 1. |
- Nilsson, Jens, Doktor, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Beliefs, social identity, and the view of opponents in Swedish carnivore management policy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Policy sciences. - : Springer. - 0032-2687 .- 1573-0891. ; 53:3, s. 453-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the policy sciences, the intractability of disputes in natural resource governance is commonly explained in terms of a “devil shift” between rival policy coalitions. In a devil shift, policy actors overestimate the power of their opponents and exaggerate the differences between their own and their opponents’ policy beliefs. While the devil shift is widely recognized in policy research, knowledge of its causes and solutions remains limited. Drawing insights from the advocacy coalition framework and social identity theory, we empirically explore beliefs and social identity as two potential drivers of the devil shift. Next, we investigate the potential of collaborative venues to decrease the devil shift over time. These assumptions are tested through statistical analyses of longitudinal survey data targeting actors involved in three policy subsystems within Swedish large carnivore management. Our evidence shows, first, that the devil shift is more pronounced if coalitions are defined by shared beliefs rather than by shared identity. Second, our study shows that participation in collaborative venues does not reduce the devil shift over time. We end by proposing methodological and theoretical steps to advance knowledge of the devil shift in contested policy subsystems.
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| 2. |
- Bodin, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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A diagnostic for evaluating collaborative responses to compound emergencies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Progress in Disaster Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-0617. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The burgeoning literature on compound disasters has advanced the understanding on the causes and drivers of multiple hazard events. Yet, so far, this literature has provided limited insights concerning how multiple hazard events, triggering compounded emergencies, challenge emergency response systems. Here we develop a diagnostic to assess specific challenges facing response systems when confronted with spatially and/or temporally compounded hazard events. The diagnostic comprises three elements. First, compound emergency scenarios are defined based on biophysical links within and between communities, and/or temporal overlap between hazardous events. Second, by drawing from recent public administration literatures, we develop a network-centric model of an emergency response system consisting of actors, venues and functions. Third, we formulate a set of diagnostic questions to specify whether and how compound emergencies challenge response systems. These advances together form a diagnostic tool for researchers as well as practitioners to identify potential weak spots in emergency response systems. The diagnostic also helps assessing what cognitive, preparatory, and planning capacities are needed to ensure more effective responses to compound emergencies.
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| 3. |
- Bodin, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Choose your collaborators wisely : Addressing interdependent tasks through collaboration in responding to wildfire disasters
- 2022
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Ingår i: PAR. Public Administration Review. - : Wiley. - 0033-3352 .- 1540-6210. ; 82:6, s. 1154-1167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responding to disastrous wildfires traversing geographical scales requires multi-actor collaboration to address a series of interdependent operational tasks. While this type of distributed collective action problem is salient across governance contexts, less is known about if and how collaboration helps individual actors effectively address their tasks. Applying a novel network-centric method to wildfire responder networks in Canada and Sweden, this study shows that when actors working on the same tasks collaborate, and/or when one actor addresses two interdependent tasks, effectiveness increases. The number of collaborative ties an actor has with others does not enhance effectiveness. Furthermore, when the chain of command is unclear, and/or when actors lack recent disaster management experience and/or pre-existing collaborative relationships, effectiveness only increases if multiple actors collaborate over multiple interdependent tasks. The results have implications for disaster response agencies, and they provide valuable insights for collaborative responses to significant societal and environmental challenges.
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| 4. |
- Bodin, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Improving network approaches to the study of complex social–ecological interdependencies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2:7, s. 551-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving effective, sustainable environmental governance requires a better understanding of the causes and consequences of the complex patterns of interdependencies connecting people and ecosystems within and across scales. Network approaches for conceptualizing and analysing these interdependencies offer one promising solution. Here, we present two advances we argue are needed to further this area of research: (i) a typology of causal assumptions explicating the causal aims of any given network-centric study of social–ecological interdependencies; (ii) unifying research design considerations that facilitate conceptualizing exactly what is interdependent, through what types of relationships and in relation to what kinds of environmental problems. The latter builds on the appreciation that many environmental problems draw from a set of core challenges that re-occur across contexts. We demonstrate how these advances combine into a comparative heuristic that facilitates leveraging case-specific findings of social–ecological interdependencies to generalizable, yet context-sensitive, theories based on explicit assumptions of causal relationships.
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| 5. |
- Bodin, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Working at the "speed of trust" : pre-existing and emerging social ties in wildfire responder networks in Sweden and Canada
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Regional Environmental Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3798 .- 1436-378X. ; 19:8, s. 2353-2364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequency and severity of natural hazards are predicted to increase with climate change. Collaboration among actors across scales and organizational boundaries is essential to address this escalation. Pre-existing social networks are generally considered a catalyst enabling actors to more quickly address collective action problems. However, empirically derived knowledge about if, how, and why pre-established social networks facilitate effective collaborations in addressing natural hazards is scarce. We use survey data from crisis responders of large-scale wildfires in Sweden and Canada to investigate factors that shape actors’ (i) ability and willingness to form new social ties with other actors and (ii) propensity to “activate” pre-existing social ties. Our results show that many new social ties were established in both events, but also that pre-existing ties comprised a considerable proportion (54–82%) of all ties in use. Using exponential random graph models for temporal networks, we demonstrate that two actors that are working with or have previously worked with a common third actor are more likely to activate pre-existing social ties. Further, new social ties tend to be formed around a few central actors, whereas the opposite seems to apply for the activation of pre-existing ties. The extent to which actors consider others’ organizational affiliation, formal role, previous experience, and level of professionalization differs between the cases. We suggest these tie formation and activation differences can be attributed to diverging organizational contexts varying in their reliance upon self-organizing versus command-and-control approaches.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(författare)
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An integrative research framework to unravel the interplay of natural hazards and vulnerabilities
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Earth's Future. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2328-4277. ; 6:3, s. 305-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change, globalization, urbanization, social isolation, and increased interconnectednessbetween physical, human, and technological systems pose major challenges to disaster risk reduction(DRR). Subsequently, economic losses caused by natural hazards are increasing in many regions of theworld, despite scientific progress, persistent policy action, and international cooperation. We argue thatthese dramatic figures call for novel scientific approaches and new types of data collection to integratethe two main approaches that still dominate the science underpinning DRR: the hazard paradigm and thevulnerability paradigm. Building from these two approaches, here we propose a research framework thatspecifies the scope of enquiry, concepts, and general relations among phenomena. We then discuss theessential steps to advance systematic empirical research and evidence-based DRR policy action.
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| 8. |
- Guerrero, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration and individual performance during disaster response
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disasters occurring in the wake of extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate and anthropogenic changes and require urgent responses under uncertain and dynamic conditions. In these situations, multi-agency collaboration becomes integral to an effective response due to the need to coordinate actions across geographical scales, levels of authority and sectors of society. Consequently there is a need for more knowledge on how to enhance the effectiveness of collaborations in response to disasters. In this study we utilize extremely rare and comprehensive data on multi-stakeholder collaboration during the acute phase of two catastrophic wildfires to investigate performance in relation to four collaboration challenges: sharing information, conflict resolution, reaching agreement i.e. mutual understanding and commitment, on goals and workingmethods, and coordinating activities. Our results suggest that agreement between collaborating actors is more important to individual performance than the coordination of activities, and that it is only when agreement exists that the ability to coordinate activities becomes highly important. This study allows, for the first time, insights into the detailed nuances of collaboration among individuals during rapidly evolving disaster situations. Importantly, our analysis suggests that focusing on enhancing agreement in the wake of disasters-and not only on improving coordination-could reduce the devastating effects that disasters have on people and ecosystems.
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| 9. |
- Hedlund, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Policy Issue Interdependencies in Environmental Governance
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of the Commons. - : Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. - 1875-0281. ; 15:1, s. 82-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to effectively resolve complex environmental problems hinges upon the capacity to address several different challenges in concert. These challenges, what we refer to as policy issues, often relate to one another - they interdepend. Policy issue interdependency has been extensively theorised in the literature, yet few methodological approaches and little empirical evidence exist to translate the concept of policy issue interdependency to the on-the-ground realities facing policy actors in specific cases and contexts. We build from previous studies to develop a methodological procedure that investigates policy issue interdependencies in ways that take into account what measures and possible solutions policy actors have at their disposal in specific cases for specific environmental problems. By applying our methodological procedure to a case of water governance in Sweden, four insights emerged. First, validation by stakeholders confirms that our procedure produces reliable results. Second, we find that many, but certainly not all, policy issues are interdependent. More specifically, different patterns of policy issue interdependencies are associated with the biophysical and the governance spheres, respectively. Third, our results suggest that policy issue interdependencies are most important to consider when the overall level of interdependency is moderate. Last, our study raises new questions about policy actors' perception of policy issue interdependencies. In particular, a key question for future research would be if reinforcing (win-win) or counteracting (trade-off) interdependencies are easier to comprehend and act on for policy actors.
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| 10. |
- Hedlund, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges for environmental governance : policy issue interdependencies might not lead to collaboration
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 18:1, s. 219-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policy actors address complex environmental problems by engaging in multiple and often interdependent policy issues. Policy issue interdependencies imply that efforts by actors to address separate policy issues can either reinforce (‘win–win’) or counteract (‘trade-off’) each other. Thus, if interdependent issues are managed in isolation instead of being coordinated, the most effective and well-balanced solution to the underlying problem might never be realised. This study asks if reinforcing and counteracting interdependencies have different impacts on perception and collaboration. Our empirical study of collaborative water governance in the Norrström basin, Sweden, shows that policy actors often avoid collaborating when the policy issues exhibit reinforcing interdependencies. Our evidence indicates a perceived infeasibility of acting on reinforcing interdependencies. We also find that actors do not consider counteracting interdependencies (‘trade-offs’) at all when they engage in collaboration. Further, even though actors were aware of counteracting and reinforcing interdependencies, our analyses suggest they might be less aware of the former. These findings illustrate that actors either avoid each other due to policy issue interdependencies or, at best, ignore existing interdependencies when engaging in collaboration. Our study highlights the importance of problem perception in accomplishing integrated solutions to complex environmental problems, and of how understandings of different types of interdependencies shape collaboration in environmental governance.
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| 11. |
- Hedlund, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Policy issue interdependency and the formation of collaborative networks
- 2021
-
Ingår i: People and Nature. - : Wiley. - 2575-8314. ; 3:1, s. 236-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Environmental problems often span a set of challenges that each may engage different policy actors across different policy domains. These challenges, or policy issues, nonetheless exhibit interdependencies that may constrain the ability of actors to work together towards joint solutions.2. Still, we have limited knowledge about whether and how policy issue interdependencies actually shape how actors collaborate.3. Using data derived from two venues for collaborative water governance in the Norrstrom basin, Sweden, we investigate whether and how policy issues and policy issue interdependencies influence actors' selection of collaborative partners. We test two alternative sets of propositions; one set assumes that partner selection is driven by actors' engagement in policy issues and their interdependencies, while the other set emphasises social positions and actor attributes.4. Our results show that in one venue, actors' choices of collaborative partner were associated with factors from both sets, but not with policy issue interdependencies specifically. In the other venue, only actor and relational attributes shaped social tie formation. These results suggest that how actors interact does not necessarily align with the policy issues and the policy issue interdependencies defined by the environmental problem they are to address.5. Our results provide an important step towards arriving at evidence-based recommendations for more effective collaborative efforts in addressing complex environmental problems that no actor can address alone
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Henry, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
Policy Change in Comparative Contexts : Applying the Advocacy Coalition Framework Outside of Western Europe and North America
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis. - Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge. - 1387-6988 .- 1572-5448. ; 16:4, s. 299-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advocacy coalition framework (ACF) is one of the most frequently applied theories of the policy process. Most applications have been in Western Europe and North America. This article provides an overview of the ACF, summarizes existing applications outside of Western Europe and North America, and introduces the special issue that features applications of the ACF in the Philippines, China, India, and Kenya. This article concludes with an argument for the continued application of the ACF outside of Western Europe and North America and a research agenda for overcoming challenges in using the ACF in comparative public policy research.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Koivisto, Jenni, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
A policymaking perspective on disaster risk reduction in Mozambique
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental hazards. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-2867 .- 1878-5697 .- 1747-7891 .- 1878-0059. ; 3, s. 210-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academics and practitioners alike emphasise that public policy plays a key role to support efforts to reduce disaster risks and to buffer the impacts of natural hazards when they occur. This involves developing public policies to promote disaster risk reduction (DRR). However, the public policy dimension has only recently begun to receive attention in empirical research on DRR. Processes of policy change are discussed, yet less often studied, and more empirical research is needed to advance the understanding of the conditions for DRR policy change. Combining insights from adaptation research and public policy theory, this study investigates the long-term development of DRR policy in Mozambique as perceived by multiple stakeholders. The study identifies barriers and enabling factors influencing the DRR policy process over time. Using data from 37 semi-structured interviews, the study finds six main enabling factors supporting DRR policy change. Among the most important enabling factors are past disasters and broad stakeholder involvement. The study also unveils several barriers to DRR policy change, including resource insufficiency and lack of coordination among stakeholders. The study concludes with suggestions for integrating DRR and policy process research and lessons for policymaking in support of DRR over time.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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Bonding and Bridging Relationships in Collaborative Forums Responding to Weather Warnings
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Weather, Climate, and Society. - : AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC. - 1948-8327 .- 1948-8335. ; 10:3, s. 521-536
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collaborative forums involving multiple stakeholders responding to natural hazards are prevalent, yet there is little conclusive evidence of how stakeholders exchange information across such forums and how different patterns of information exchange influence forum goals. This study analyzes information exchange among representatives of 51 organizations across 50 collaborative forums in response to weather warnings in Sweden, 2011-15. Using coded transcripts from forum meetings, the study estimates exponential random graph models to document the prevalence of network configurations of organizations across these forums. The results show that actors avoid engaging in information exchanges within closed subgroups and that no specific type or organization was particularly active in exchanging information. The study suggests that the forum structures are consistent with short-term operational goals as well as the long-term objective of these forums to sustain collaboration over time. The study discusses potential explanations for these patterns and implications for forum performance in relation to natural hazards management.
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| 19. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Collective Action Problem Characteristics and Partner Uncertainty as Drivers of Social Tie Formation in Collaborative Networks
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Policy Studies Journal. - : Wiley. - 0190-292X .- 1541-0072. ; 48:4, s. 1082-1108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effectiveness of collaboration is often explained by the alignment of social networks with collective-action problem characteristics, yet previous research on social tie formation has focused almost exclusively on actor and relational attributes. We theorize that collective-action problem characteristics together with actor and relational attributes explain social tie formation and that the relative effect of these factors varies with uncertainty about collaboration partners. The study tests seven hypotheses associated with these factors by estimating multilevel network models of collaboration and task engagement among managers responding to a major wildfire in Sweden. The combination of actors and tasks in a single model captured key characteristics of the collective action problem (task engagements and task interdependencies), and disentangled the relative effects of these factors from actor and relational attributes. Results suggest that social tie formation can be explained both by actors' task engagements, and actor attributes associated with leadership, professionalization, and experience. Further, the effect of task engagements decreases in organizational relationships where collaborative uncertainty is high. Since the alignment of social ties with problem characteristics is supposedly positively associated with collaborative effectiveness, this finding suggests that risk-aversion is a more deep-rooted driver of tie formation than the pursuit of collective performance.
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| 20. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing policy processes : insights and lessons from the Advocacy Coalition Framework research program
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Comparative Policy Analysis. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781788111188 - 9781788111195 ; , s. 67-89
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) represents one of the most influential and widely used frameworks of the policy process. This chapter introduces the concepts and assumptions of the ACF and describes how the framework can support comparative public policy research across countries and contexts. The chapter depicts the ACF as a research programme which provides a basis for continuous implicit comparison based on common concepts and hypotheses as well as explicit comparison through systematic within-case and across case-comparison. These comparative efforts are targeted at the core areas of theoretical emphases within the ACF, including advocacy coalitions, policy-oriented learning, and policy change. Based on a review of previous applications of the ACF from around the world, the chapter discusses areas of progress related to the comparative research agenda within the ACF and identifies issues and questions where more work is needed to advance this research agenda further. Several aspects of the ACF have been important in supporting comparative perspectives of the policy process, including descriptions of the nature and evolution of policy subsystems, conceptual development to account for similarities and differences in the attributes of policy subsystems, and testing of hypotheses about coalitions, learning, and policy change. The chapter concludes by outlining five suggestions for further advancing comparative policy process research within the ACF: thinking about concrete subsets of cases, maintaining conceptual consistency, sharing of best practices for overcoming barriers to comparison across cases, identifying key attributes of political systems shaping policy subsystems, and taking inspiration from other fields.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Converging under pressure? : Counterterrorism policy developments in the European union member states
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public Administration. - Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0033-3298 .- 1467-9299. ; 88:1, s. 190-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses counterterrorism policy convergence among the 27 European Union (EU) member states between 2000 and 2006. While considerable academic interest has been devoted to the common European Union policy in response to terrorism after September 11, few studies have compared counterterrorism policy-making at the member state level. This gap raises the question whether the institutional framework of European counterterrorism policy-making has stimulated convergence of national policies. Data on five policy instruments for counterterrorism show that the aggregated implementation rate increased by almost 55 per cent in this period, which indicates a trend towards policy divergence within the EU as a whole. However, the findings also reveal significant variation in the level and pace of policy instrument implementation. One potentially important variable explaining national policy developments is the degree of political pressure from the EU on member states, while EU membership accession and national counterterrorism policy legacies were less important factors.
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| 23. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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Crisis and Policy Reformcraft : Advocacy Coalitions and Crisis-induced Change in Swedish Nuclear Energy Policy
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of three interrelated essays examining the role of crisis events in Swedish nuclear energy policymaking. The study takes stock of the idea of ‘crisis exceptionalism’ raised in the literature, which postulates that crisis events provide openings for major policy change. In an effort to explain crisis-induced outcomes in Swedish nuclear energy policy, each essay explores and develops theoretical assumptions derived from the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). The introduction discusses the ACF and other theoretical perspectives accentuating the role of crisis in policymaking and identifies three explanations for crisis-induced policy outcomes: minority coalition mobilization, learning, and strategic action. Essay I analyzes the nature and development of the Swedish nuclear energy subsystem. The results contradict the ACF assumption that corporatist systems nurture narrow subsystems and small advocacy coalitions, but corroborate the assumption that advocacy coalitions remain stable over time. While this analysis identifies temporary openings in policymaking venues and in the advocacy coalition structure, it is argued that these developments did not affect crisis policymaking. Essay II seeks to explain the decision to initiate a referendum on nuclear power following the 1979 Three Mile Island accident. Internal government documents and other historical records indicate that strategic considerations superseded learning as the primary explanation in this case. Essay III conducts an in-depth examination of Swedish policymaking in the aftermath of the 1986 Chernobyl accident in an effort to explain the government’s decision not to accelerate the nuclear power phaseout. Recently disclosed government documents show that minority coalition mobilization was insufficient to explain this decision. In this case, rational learning and strategic action provided a better explanation. The main theoretical contribution derived from the three essays is to posit the intensity and breadth of political conflict, strategic action, and analogical reasoning as key factors affecting the propensity for crisis-induced policy change.
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| 24. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Disaster risk reduction and the limits of truisms : Improving the knowledge and practice interface
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Action toward strengthened disaster risk reduction (DRR) ideally builds from evidence-based policymaking to inform decisions and priorities. This is a guiding principle for the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), which outlines priorities for action to reduce disaster risk. However, some of these practical guidelines conceal oversimplified or unsubstantiated claims and assumptions, what we refer to as 'truisms', which, if not properly addressed, may jeopardize the long-term goal to reduce disaster risks. Thus far, much DRR research has focused on ways to bridge the gap between science and practice while devoting less attention to the premises that shape the understanding of DRR issues. In this article, written in the spirit of a perspective piece on the state of the DRR field, we utilize the SFDRR as an illustrative case to identify and interrogate ten selected truisms, from across the social and natural sciences, that have been prevalent in shaping DRR research and practice. The ten truisms concern forecasting, loss, conflict, migration, the local level, collaboration, social capital, prevention, policy change, and risk awareness. We discuss central claims associated with each truism, relate those claims to insights in recent DRR scholarship, and end with suggestions for developing the field through advances in conceptualization, measurement, and causal inference.
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| 25. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Do Floods Drive Crisis Mitigation Policy? : Evidence from Swedish Municipalities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography. - Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0435-3676 .- 1468-0459. ; 97:1, s. 109-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that continuous development of local-level mitigation policy plans and actions increases the chances of effective responses to natural hazards. What is less well known is how and why policy development, including the scope and pace of changes in municipality crisis mitigation programs, varies across local-level crisis mitigation systems. Using survey data on municipality hazard mitigation policy in Sweden, this study documents patterns of policy development and explores candidate explanations. Special attention is devoted to floods, which present local managers with opportunities to learn and adjust local mitigation policies. To investigate floods along with other hazards as potential drivers for local mitigation policy, the study examines three approaches to policy development: external shocks, transformation without disruption, and regional diffusion. Overall, in this case, the transformation without disruption model and the regional diffusion model do better than the external shocks model. Important precursors of policy development include collaboration, learning and diffusion effects from events and policy adoption in nearby municipalities. The study demonstrates the value of a broader analytical approach to policy development, which takes into account the interplay between events, collaborative management, and learning.
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| 26. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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Does Adaptive Capacity Influence Service Delivery? : Evidence from Swedish Emergency Management Collaborations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Management Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1471-9037 .- 1471-9045. ; 17:5, s. 718-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between adaptive capacity and collaborative performance is a central issue within public management research but has rarely been subjected to systematic empirical testing. Using survey data on emergency preparedness collaborations in Swedish municipalities (N = 263), this article investigates the relationship between three adaptive capacity variables – diversity, interaction, and learning – and outcomes in terms of goal attainment, risk analysis, and public satisfaction with rescue services. The findings suggest a positive relationship between the number of collaboration partners and goal attainment, while learning and accessibility of collaboration venues were unassociated with service delivery variables.
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| 27. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary Dynamics of Crisis Preparedness Collaboration : Resources, Turbulence and Network Change in Swedish Municipalities
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1944-4079. ; 5:2, s. 134-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Societal responses to climate change risks and hazards increasingly involve interorganizational collaboration across policy areas, sectors, and levels of government. Different views exist in the literature regarding changes in such collaborative arrangements; whereas some argue that maintaining stability of collaborative networks is a precursor for effective crisis management, others maintain that network adaptation is necessary to cope with complex risks and rude surprises. This controversy turns the spotlight on the more fundamental question of what influences changes in collaborative networks in this area. Using survey data on municipality managers in Sweden, this study presents evidence of a dramatic increase in annual change of interorganizational ties while the total magnitude of ties to different types of actors has essentially remained constant over time. To explain these developments, the study builds from resource dependency theory (RDT) and explores the relationship between resources, environmental turbulence, and network change. The findings suggest that RDT has limited explanatory value in this case; no association was found between resources, turbulence, and network change. An alternative hypothesis is introduced suggesting that changes in networking strategies are a function of outside pressure to collaborate and uncertainty about collaborative practices and the benefits of collaboration, which feed an experimental approach to networking.
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| 28. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
-
Explaining Mobilization and Performance of Collaborations in Routine Emergency Management
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Administration & Society. - London : Sage Publications. - 0095-3997 .- 1552-3039. ; 48:2, s. 135-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers as well as practitioners often elevate collaborative governance as a necessary condition for effective responses to extreme events. This research has a dominating focus on large-scale catastrophes and disasters, whereas little attention is devoted to less serious emergencies. Another void concerns performance measurement. Addressing these gaps, this study investigates plausible explanations for collaborative activity and outcomes in response to extreme winter conditions in Sweden. Analysis of a survey of Swedish public managers suggests that, in this case, collaborative action is associated with preparatory actions and disruptions affecting other organizations. The analysis generates conflicting findings regarding underlying explanations for collaborative outcomes.
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| 29. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring disaster impacts on adaptation actions in 549 cities worldwide
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether disasters influence adaptation actions in cities is contested. Yet, the extant knowledge base primarily consists of single or small-N case studies, so there is no global overview of the evidence on disaster impacts and adaptation. Here, we use regression analysis to explore the effects of disaster frequency and severity on four adaptation action types in 549 cities. In countries with greater adaptive capacity, economic losses increase city-level actions targeting recently experienced disaster event types, as well as actions to strengthen general disaster preparedness. An increase in disaster frequency reduces actions targeting hazard types other than those that recently occurred, while human losses have few effects. Comparisons between cities across levels of adaptive capacity indicate a wealth effect. More affluent countries incur greater economic damages from disasters, but also have higher governance capacity, creating both incentives and opportunities for adaptation measures. While disaster frequency and severity had a limited impact on adaptation actions overall, results are sensitive to which disaster impacts, adaptation action types, and adaptive capacities are considered. Here the authors explore the effects of disasters on adaptation actions in 549 cities, finding that the effects of disaster frequency and severity are modest and depend on action type, population size, and adaptive capacity.
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| 30. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to natural hazard events unassociated with policy change for improved disaster risk reduction
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural hazard events provide opportunities for policy change to enhance disaster risk reduction (DRR), yet it remains unclear whether these events actually fulfill this transformative role around the world. Here, we investigate relationships between the frequency (number of events) and severity (fatalities, economic losses, and affected people) of natural hazards and DRR policy change in 85 countries over eight years. Our results show that frequency and severity factors are generally unassociated with improved DRR policy when controlling for income-levels, differences in starting policy values, and hazard event types. This is a robust result that accounts for event frequency and different hazard severity indicators, four baseline periods estimating hazard impacts, and multiple policy indicators. Although we show that natural hazards are unassociated with improved DRR policy globally, the study unveils variability in policy progress between countries experiencing similar levels of hazard frequency and severity.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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Networking and Crisis Management Capacity: A Nested Analysis of Local-Level Collaboration in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Review of Public Administration. - : SAGE Publications. - 0275-0740 .- 1552-3357. ; 48:3, s. 232-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of how actors collaborate across organizational boundaries to prepare for and respond to extreme events have traditionally focused on describing network structure whereas fewer studies empirically investigate how network relationships influence crisis management capacities. Using survey data on crisis management work in Swedish municipalities, this study considers how the number of collaboration partners and venues for collaboration (networking) influence organizational goal attainment. Given managerial costs associated with increasingly complex collaboration networks, the study explores the diminishing returns hypothesis, which predicts a positive relationship between networking and goal attainment up to a certain point when payoffs do not increase. Results support a nonlinear relationship; networking at low levels had a positive effect on goal attainment whereas no relationship was found at moderate or high levels. To identify characteristics of collaboration conducive to performance, the study undertakes a comparative case study of two low-residual cases where the relationship between networking and performance follow the predicted nonlinear curve and one deviant case where high levels of networking had a positive effect on performance. The cases show that stable interpersonal relationships, clarification of the terms of collaboration, shared problem perceptions, and coordination of joint decision making constitute important assembly mechanisms for overcoming collective action problems.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Political drivers of epidemic response : foreign healthcare workers and the 2014 Ebola outbreak
- 2018
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Ingår i: Disasters. The Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy and Management. - : Wiley. - 0361-3666 .- 1467-7717. ; 42:1, s. 41-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study demonstrates that countries responded quite differently to calls for healthcare workers (HCWs) during the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014. Using a new dataset on the scale and timing of national pledges and the deployment of HCWs to states experiencing outbreaks of the virus disease (principally, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone), it shows that few foreign nations deployed HCWs early, some made pledges but then fulfilled them slowly, and most sent no HCWs at all. To aid understanding of such national responses, the paper reviews five theoretical perspectives that offer potentially competing or complementary explanations of foreign government medical assistance for international public health emergencies. The study systematically validates that countries varied greatly in whether and when they addressed HCW deployment needs during the Ebola crisis of 2014, and offers suggestions for a theory-driven inquiry to elucidate the logics of foreign interventions in critical infectious disease epidemics.
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| 35. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the role of disasters in climate policy-making
- 2024
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 24:3, s. 428-439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A general malaise exists today about the prospects for timely and effective climate action. This calls for increased attention to factors that enable climate policy change. Among these enabling factors are hydrological, climatological, and meteorological disasters, including floods, extreme temperatures, drought, wildfires, and storms. What impacts these disasters have on climate policy-making is contested; some view them as potential focusing events leading to unique opportunities for policy learning and reform, while others anticipate no or limited effects. Recent research, however, has yielded few advances to document and explain these diverging outcomes. This article revisits research on how climate disasters shape climate policy-making to identify knowledge gaps and future research directions. The article highlights past research foci as a basis for pinpointing unresolved puzzles, questions, and phenomena. Future research directions are identified, including the general association between disaster events and climate policy-making, policy design and quality, and the potential for ripple effects from different disaster types and across policy issue areas. These research directions aim to widen the perspective regarding how post-disaster politics may shape climate policy-making and the factors that matter in this process. Redirecting the focus from documenting types and patterns of policy change to identifying policy designs that lead to positive outcomes is a particularly promising avenue for advancing this research and contributing to climate policy-making.
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| 36. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Advocacy Coalition Framework: : An Overview of the Research Program
- 2017. - 4
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Ingår i: Theories of the Policy Process. - Boulder : Westview Press. - 9780813350523 - 9780813350783 ; , s. 135-171
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "A comprehensive primer to the major contemporary theoretical frameworks used in policy process research written by leading public policy scholars"--
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| 37. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Advocacy Coalition Framework : Progress and Emerging Areas
- 2023. - 5
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Ingår i: Theories of the Policy Process. - London : Routledge. - 9781032311241 ; , s. 130-150
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) remains one of the most established and applied approaches to studying policy processes. This chapter provides an overview of the ACF, including its assumptions and theories of advocacy coalitions, policy-oriented learning, and policy change. In doing so, it summarizes what is known about the policy processes under this approach based on the empirical applications that span the globe on various topics and using diverse methods. The chapter ends by identifying emerging areas ripe for continued development and offering advice to people interested in contributing to the ACF’s research program.
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| 38. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The Politics of Hydraulic Fracturing in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Mapping the Political Landscapes of Hydraulic Fracturing. - : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 147-175
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Nohrstedt, Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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When do disasters spark transformative policy change and why?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Policy and Politics. - : Bristol University Press. - 0305-5736 .- 1470-8442. ; 50:3, s. 425-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floods, earthquakes, droughts, and other recurrent disasters around the globe have sparked renewed interest in whether and how disasters can be leveraged as turning points for transformation toward more sustainable and resilient societies. As the transformative potential of disasters increasingly gains prominence in different research fields, it is important to describe how different scientific approaches view the relationship. This article synthesises key insights from the policy sciences and public administration scholarship regarding the link between disruptive disaster events and policy activity aiming towards societal transformation. Key explanatory perspectives are discussed, including dynamics associated with institutional crisis, policy subsystems, agenda-setting and issue salience, governance capacity, policy-oriented learning and concentration of power, and situated in relation to four scenarios of potential disaster impacts on policymaking aiming at transformation. The results of this synthesis seek to enhance our understanding of when disasters may spark transformative change. Based on these findings, the article identifies priorities for future research into policymaking in the wake of disaster.
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| 41. |
- Parker, Charles F., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative crisis management : a plausibility probe of core assumptions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Policy & Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1449-4035 .- 1839-3373. ; 39:4, s. 510-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we utilize the Collaborative Governance Databank to empirically explore core theoretical assumptions about collaborative governance in the context of crisis management. By selecting a subset of cases involving episodes or situations characterized by the combination of urgency, threat, and uncertainty, we conduct a plausibility probe to garner insights into a number of central assumptions and dynamics fundamental to understanding collaborative crisis management. Although there is broad agreement among academics and practitioners that collaboration is essential for managing complex risks and events that no single actor can handle alone, in the literature, there are several unresolved claims and uncertainties regarding many critical aspects of collaborative crisis management. Assumptions investigated in the article relate to starting-points and triggers for collaboration, level of collaboration, goal-formulation, adaptation, involvement and role of non-state actors, and the prevalence and impact of political infighting. The results confirm that crises represent rapidly moving and dynamic events that raise the need for adaptation, adjustment, and innovation by diverse sets of participants. We also find examples of successful behaviours where actors managed, despite challenging conditions, to effectively contain conflict, formulate and achieve shared goals, adapt to rapidly changing situations and emergent structures, and innovate in response to unforeseen problems.
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| 42. |
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Successful Public Policy in the Nordic Countries : Cases, Lessons, Challenges
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book presents 23 in-depth case studies of successful public policies and programmes in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland. Each chapter tells the story of the policy’s origins, aims, design, decision-making and implementation processes, and assesses in which respects—programmatically, process-wise, politically and over time—and to what extent it can be considered a policy success. It also points towards the driving forces of success, and the challenges that have had to be overcome to achieve it. Combined, the chapters provide a resource for policy evaluation researchers, educators and students of public policy and public administration, both within and beyond the Nordic region.
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| 43. |
- Wangel, Marcus
(författare)
-
Deep Roots and Tangled Branches : Bureaucracy and Collaboration in Natural Resource Governance in South India
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a study about collaboration within bureaucracies tasked with natural resource management in the contemporary Global South. It seeks to fill a considerable knowledge gap in the extant literature by exploring how individual public officials perceive the policy environment they work in. These individuals face multiple pressures to work more collaboratively yet the ways in which they are incentivised and develop goals and strategies for collaboration have been neglected in past research. A deeper understanding of this process is essential as public officials are largely responsible for implementing policies ensuring the welfare of millions of deprived people in rural areas, and for safeguarding the sustainable use of the natural commons.This book is an institutional analysis of the drivers of collaboration at the individual level. It builds on immersive ethnographic fieldwork on the forest bureaucracy in Kerala, South India where field observations and ninety interviews were conducted with state forest officials. The empirical analysis finds that the majority of officials are in favour of working more collaboratively for a plurality of reasons, but perceive themselves constrained by the formal institutional setup of the forest bureaucracy. To mitigate these limitations forest officials design numerous boundary-spanning, informal networks that function as vehicles of institutionalised coordination and collaboration.Importantly, the officials develop preferences for joint action on policy issues which they perceive the formal organisation is incapable of delivering, not least improved forest livelihoods. These findings are a significant contribution and stand in contrast to most previous related research which has focused on issues of bureaucratic malfeasance in the context of natural resource governance. The findings are also noteworthy as they point to a rich variety of more nuanced roles and abilities individual public officials in India may hold, beyond that of the stereotype corrupt bureaucrat.In addition to the contextualised and vivified empirical description of informal collaboration this study makes two additional contributions. First, it highlights and demonstrates the utility of an ethnographic approach to the study of informal institutions and institutionally constrained behaviour in settings that are little studied and hard to access. Second, it contributes to theoretical discussions on the interplay between formal and informal institutions. In particular this concerns the rationality and necessity of informal strategies when formal institutional frameworks impose constraints on individual agents or lack the capacity to solve complex problems.
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| 44. |
- Wanner, Maximilian S. T.
(författare)
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Change and Progress in Disaster Risk Reduction
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human-induced climate change is projected to increase the frequency and magnitude of natural hazard events, posing a growing global threat to lives, livelihoods, and assets. Much past research on disaster risk reduction (DRR) has focused on failures of disaster management, while less attention has been devoted to how DRR has changed or improved over time.This dissertation advances our understanding by empirically investigating under what conditions countries can achieve progress in DRR, including measures and policies for managing and reducing the risks of disasters. In that way, it contributes to efforts of sustainable development and climate change adaptation.Article I explores the variety of change and progress under the Hyogo Framework for Action, the international regime for DRR from 2005 to 2015. In addition, the article assesses the prospects of the effectiveness of international environmental regimes built on soft law arrangements consisting of voluntary obligations and non-binding provisions while refraining from sanctions. Article II statistically investigates drivers of progress in DRR for understanding why some countries exhibit positive change. Article III complements the large-scale quantitative analyses of the previous studies with an in-depth case study to unveil the development of DRR policy regimes in two vulnerable countries. The article focuses on Fiji and Nepal as two cases of progress to advance our understanding of how changes in DRR materialised over time.The dissertation makes several contributions to disaster research, theories of institutional and policy change, and development studies. First, this dissertation represents one of a few mixed-methods approaches in DRR research, conducting a comprehensive analysis of progress in DRR. Second, the dissertation systematically documents changes in DRR efforts, which confirms a positive global trend, detects countries that deviate from this trend, and identifies cases of outstanding progress. Third, the three studies highlight the importance of continued participation in and compliance with international regimes, governance effectiveness and accountability mechanisms, continuous leadership and knowledge diffusion, as well as large-scale hazard events for the expansion of DRR. Fourth, the findings demonstrate how positive changes were achieved even under adverse circumstances in developing countries.The findings underscore the need for future research on positive change in DRR, particularly on how accountability mechanisms and regime types may shape policies and policy-making.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Weible, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19 and the policy sciences : initial reactions and perspectives
- 2020
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Ingår i: Policy sciences. - : Springer Nature. - 0032-2687 .- 1573-0891. ; 53:2, s. 225-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world is in the grip of a crisis that stands unprecedented in living memory. The COVID-19 pandemic is urgent, global in scale, and massive in impacts. Following Harold D. Lasswell’s goal for the policy sciences to offer insights into unfolding phenomena, this commentary draws on the lessons of the policy sciences literature to understand the dynamics related to COVID-19. We explore the ways in which scientific and technical expertise, emotions, and narratives influence policy decisions and shape relationships among citizens, organizations, and governments. We discuss varied processes of adaptation and change, including learning, surges in policy responses, alterations in networks (locally and globally), implementing policies across transboundary issues, and assessing policy success and failure. We conclude by identifying understudied aspects of the policy sciences that deserve attention in the pandemic’s aftermath.
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| 47. |
- Weible, Christopher M., et al.
(författare)
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Sharpening Advocacy Coalitions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Policy Studies Journal. - : Wiley. - 0190-292X .- 1541-0072. ; 48:4, s. 1054-1081
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of “advocacy coalitions” is the bedrock of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), one of the most established and successful approaches for understanding policy processes across the globe. This article revisits and sharpens the conceptual definition of advocacy coalitions. We summarize the lessons from its theoretical emphases under the ACF and specify its five attributes (policy actors, shared beliefs, coordination, resources, and stability). Through this specification, we identify the ideal coalition type and several coalition subtypes. We then clarify and make a distinction between how we think about coalitions as a concept and how we approach coalitions empirically. This article sharpens the lens for describing and explaining coalitions toward better observations, theorizing, and measurements. It ends with next steps for further deepening and broadening knowledge about advocacy coalitions.
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