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| 10. |
- Becanovic, Vlatko, et al.
(författare)
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HUGIN: a small satellite trying to be intelligent
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proc. SPIE. ; 3728, s. 98-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micro and nano-satellites are important tools to explore and test new ideas and various new devices for space missions without spending extreme amounts of money. The actual launch cost per kilogram payload on a micro or nano-satellite can be as high or even higher than ordinary satellites but the turn around time and quick responses are extremely important. The HUGIN project is a nano-satellite (less than 10 kg) explicitly designed to test magnetic coils and adaptive artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms for attitude control purposes. A small PC video camera is also included and if the control function is successful then also tests of adaptive image processing using other ANN and biologically inspired methods will be performed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bolte, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and Inequalities of Opportunities in European Psychiatry Research The Example of Psychodiagnostic Tool Availability in Research on Early Autism Identification
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 34:4, s. 270-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe is diverse in terms of economy, cultures, socio-demography, and languages. A crucial aspect of psychiatric research is the availability of standardized screening, diagnostic, and characterization instruments. We fine-mapped the accessibility of 14 clinical scales and cognitive tests for the assessment of early childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD; e.g., ADOS, ADI-R, SCQ, SRS, CHAT, MESL) within 21 European countries. These tools are essential for internationally competitive early ASD detection research. We identified a considerable variation not only in the availability, but also psychometric standardization, and formal distribution of the instruments between the countries, privileging English speaking, high-income, and highly populated European countries. Absence of country-specific standardization was a problem across many countries, independent of income and size. Findings demonstrate, on a concrete level, the challenges in creating equal early ASD identification research opportunities in Europe, and the need for increased funding for instrument development and validation. We discuss the reasons, implications, and consequences of this inequity and ways of reducing it.
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| 13. |
- Carlsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for recognition : The professional development of psychodynamic psychotherapists during training and the first few years after it
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1050-3307 .- 1468-4381. ; 21:2, s. 141-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the development of psychotherapists' professional self during training and the first few years after it. Constant comparison analysis was conducted on interviews with former students (N = 18) at a training institute for psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The resulting core category osearching for recognitiono indicated that participants' ambition during the studied time period was to reach high status by becoming psychotherapists. During training, this was expressed by the category oattachment to preformed professional self,o meaning that students wanted their preconceptions about therapy to be acknowledged by teachers. After training, participants experienced achieved recognition and, as a result, a sense of freedom to use their own judgment.
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| 14. |
- Ekholm, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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”A lot to fall back on” : Experiences of Dyspareunia among queer women
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychology & Sexuality. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1941-9899 .- 1941-9902. ; 13:5, s. 1242-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the subjective experiences of dyspareunia among queer women in Sweden. Ten semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with five participants who were all interviewed on two separate occasions. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Dyspareunia was described as affecting the participants’ sexual activities, intimate relationships, and identity constructs. Reported struggles involved feelings of sadness, guilt, frustration, and fear of pain. Dyspareunia was described as threatening the participants’ queer identities through its effect on their ability to be sexual in idealized ways. However, queer experiences and communities were also found to be associated with advantages in pain management, such as well-developed sexual communication skills, anatomic similarity to their partner, access to non-heteronormative sexual scripts and a focus on nurturing desire. Queer related advantages in pain management are proposed to buffer to some extent against pain interference with sexual function and desire. Findings indicate that it is important to consider the unique relational and social context of queer women to understand their experiences of dyspareunia. More research is needed on the role of differences of normativities, context and communication in dyspareunia.
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| 15. |
- Ekman, Inger, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Person-centered care -ready for prime time.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 10:4, s. 248-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term diseases are today the leading cause of mortality worldwide and are estimated to be the leading cause of disability by 2020. Person-centered care (PCC) has been shown to advance concordance between care provider and patient on treatment plans, improve health outcomes and increase patient satisfaction. Yet, despite these and other documented benefits, there are a variety of significant challenges to putting PCC into clinical practice. Although care providers today broadly acknowledge PCC to be an important part of care, in our experience we must establish routines that initiate, integrate, and safeguard PCC in daily clinical practice to ensure that PCC is systematically and consistently practiced, i.e. not just when we feel we have time for it. In this paper, we propose a few simple routines to facilitate and safeguard the transition to PCC. We believe that if conscientiously and systematically applied, they will help to make PCC the focus and mainstay of care in long-term illness.
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| 18. |
- Larsson, Johannes, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Does deliberate practice surpass didactic training in learning empathy skills? A randomized controlled study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large body of research identifies therapist expressed empathy as one of the most important predictors of psychotherapy outcome. Deliberate practice (DP) is an effective method to improve skills in many fields. We asked if DP also can be used to enhance the skill of expressing empathy.Objective: The aim was to compare the efficacy of DP to didactical learning methods (DLM) in enhancing the skill of empathic expression in students.Method: A repeated measures randomized controlled group design was used. Novice students (N = 36) from psychologist-, medicine-, social work-, and nursing programs received two training sessions of either DP (n = 21) or DLM (n = 15). Participants' skills in empathic expression were assessed with the Measure of Expressed Empathy (MEE) on three occasions: before the first, between, and after the last training session.Results: Participants in the DP-group showed improved empathic expression, whereas participants in the DLM-group did not.Conclusions: These findings suggest that DP is an effective training method for therapeutic skills such as empathic expression and holds implications for the future development of educational practices to incorporate active skill training methods.
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| 19. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Clear conscience grounded in relations : Expressions of Persian-speaking nurses in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nursing ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 3:1, s. 349-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Conscience is an important concept in ethics, having various meanings in different cultures. Because a growing number of healthcare professionals are of immigrant background, particularly within the care of older people, demanding multiple ethical positions, it is important to explore the meaning of conscience among care providers within different cultural contexts.Research objective: The study aimed to illuminate the meaning of conscience by enrolled nurses with an Iranian background working in residential care for Persian-speaking people with dementia.Research design: A phenomenological hermeneutical method guided the study.Participants and research context: A total of 10 enrolled nurses with Iranian background, aged 33–46 years, participated in the study. All worked full time in residential care settings for Persian-speaking people with dementia in a large city, in Sweden.Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board for ethical vetting of research involving humans. Participants were given verbal and written study information and assured that their participation was voluntary and confidential.Findings: Three themes were constructed including perception of conscience, clear conscience grounded in relations and striving to keep a clear conscience. The conscience was perceived as an inner guide grounded in feelings, which is dynamic and subject to changes throughout life. Having a clear conscience meant being able to form a bond with others, to respect them and to get their confirmation that one does well. To have a clear conscience demanded listening to the voice of the conscience. The enrolled nurses strived to keep their conscience clear by being generous in helping others, accomplishing daily tasks well and behaving nicely in the hope of being treated the same way one day.Conclusion: Cultural frameworks and the context of practice needed to be considered in interpreting the meaning of conscience and clear conscience.
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| 21. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Dealing with troubled conscience in care of older people with dementia
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19, s. 40-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A feature of healthcare system, particularly in the care of older people, is its cultural diversity in terms of having considerable numbers of both caregivers and care recipients with an immigrant background. Considering the influence of culture in ethical decision-making processes, the idea of conscience, and the adverse effects of a troubled conscience, it is important to study these issues in culturally diverse populations. There are no published studies regarding troubled conscience among immigrant populations that include enrolled nurses. The aim of the study was to illuminate the meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it among enrolled nurses with Iranian backgrounds working in Swedish residential care settings. The study conducted with a phenomenological hermeneutical design. Ten nurses were interviewed. Analysis included noting a naive understanding of text as a whole followed by a structural analysis. Five subthemes and two themes were identified. The meanings of having a troubled conscience include not being a good person, being an uncaring person, not acting according to one’s values, and living in a state of unease. Dealing with a troubled conscience involves trying to compensate for the harm one has caused and trying to prevent similar situations in the future. The nurses understood themselves as caring people and not only caregivers. They knew that they should hear their conscience and respond to it by trying to be a caring person and acting according to their values.
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| 24. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Meaning of conscience for Enrolled nurses with immigrant background in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Methods. - : Sage Publications. - 1609-4069. ; 19, s. 74-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conscience is an important concept in in nursing and ethics, having various meanings in different cultures. In a multicultural society, people with different views on conscience have to cooperate, which demands understanding and respecting each other’s views while facing challenges. A growing number of healthcare professionals are of immigrant background, particularly within the care of older people. In Sweden, 18% of enrolled nurses and nursing assistants are foreign-born. Care for people with dementia who reside in residential care settings in Sweden is mainly provided by ENs. The care of people with dementia requires that care providers take many ethical positions. It is important to explore the meaning of conscience among care providers within different cultural contexts. Our study aimed to illuminate the meaning of conscience by enrolled nurses with an Iranian background working in residential care for Persian-speaking people with dementia. A phenomenological hermeneutical method guided the study. A total of 10 enrolled nurses with Iranian background, aged 33–46 years, participated in the study. All worked full-time in residential care settings for Persian-speaking people with dementia in a large city, in Sweden. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board for ethical vetting of research involving humans. Participants were given verbal and written study information and assured that their participation was voluntary and confidential. Three themes were constructed including perception of conscience, clear conscience grounded in relations, and striving to keep a clear conscience. The conscience was perceived as an inner guide grounded in feelings, which is dynamic and subject to changes throughout life. Having a clear conscience meant being able to form a bond with others, to respect them, and to get their confirmation that one does well. To have a clear conscience demanded listening to the voice of the conscience. The enrolled nurses strived to keep their conscience clear by being generous in helping others, accomplishing daily tasks well and behaving nicely in the hope of being treated the same way one day. Cultural frameworks and the context of practice needed to be considered in interpreting the meaning of conscience and clear conscience.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it : expressions of Persian-speaking enrolled nurses in Sweden.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:1, s. 380-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: A feature of the healthcare system in Sweden, particularly in the care of older people, is its cultural diversity in terms of having considerable numbers of both caregivers and care recipients with an immigrant background. Considering the influence of culture in ethical decision-making processes, the idea of conscience and the adverse effects of a troubled conscience, it is important to study the concepts of conscience and troubled conscience in culturally diverse populations. There is no published study regarding troubled conscience among immigrant populations that includes enrolled nurses.AIM: To illuminate the meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it among enrolled nurses with Iranian backgrounds working in Swedish residential care for Persian-speaking people with dementia who have emigrated from Iran.METHOD: The study was conducted with a phenomenological hermeneutic design. Ten enrolled nurses with an Iranian background, with at least one year's experience of taking care of older people with dementia, were interviewed. The study was reviewed by the Regional Ethical Review Board for ethical vetting of research involving humans. Appropriate measures were taken to ensure confidentiality and voluntary participation.RESULTS: The meanings of having a troubled conscience for the participants comprise not being a good person, including being an uncaring person, not acting according to one's values and living in a state of unease. Dealing with a troubled conscience involves trying to compensate for the harm one has caused and trying to prevent similar situations by being a responsible caregiver.CONCLUSIONS: The enrolled nurses understood themselves as caring people and not only caregivers. They knew that they should hear their conscience and respond to it by trying to be a caring person and acting according to their values. The findings should be interpreted in the given specific context.
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| 30. |
- Norberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of attention manipulations on motivated attention to feared and nonfeared negative distracters in spider fear
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1471-2202. ; 14:139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWhen people view emotional and neutral pictures, the emotional pictures capture more attention than do neutral pictures. In support, studies with event-related potentials have shown that the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the late positive potential (LPP) to emotional versus neutral pictures are enhanced when pictures are attended. However, this motivated attention decreases when voluntary attention is directed away from the pictures. Most previous studies included only generally emotional pictures of either negative or positive valence. Because people with spider fear report intense fear of spiders, we examined whether directing attention away from emotional pictures at fixation decreases motivated attention less strongly for spiders than for generally negative distracters.ResultsWe recorded event-related potentials from 128 channels to study whether manipulations of attention (i.e., spatial attention and perceptual load) decrease the EPN and the LPP to emotional distracters less strongly for spiders than for fear-irrelevant negative pictures in people with spider fear. Results confirmed that the EPN and the LPP to spiders (vs. neutral pictures) were particularly enhanced in participants with spider fear compared to participants without spider fear. When attention was directed away from the pictures, the EPN and the LPP to spiders (vs. neutral pictures) decreased similarly in fearful and nonfearful participants. Further, in fearful participants, the decrease in the EPN and the LPP was similar for spiders and for fear-irrelevant negative pictures.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that for people with spider fear, directing attention away from emotional pictures at fixation decreases motivated attention to these distracters similarly for spiders as for fear-irrelevant negative pictures. These findings imply that attention to spiders in spider fear does not exceed the level of attention expected from the spider pictures’ high arousal and negative valence (i.e., their intrinsic motivated attention).
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| 31. |
- Norberg, Joakim, 1976-
(författare)
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Fearful attention : Investigating event-related potentials in spider phobia
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies showed that emotional pictures capture attention. Further, this effect was decreased by manipulating spatial attention. In contrast, studies produced mixed findings for effects of perceptual load on attention to emotional pictures. Emotional pictures can be phobic or nonphobic. Because phobia might be an evolutionary adaption, it is possible that effects of phobic pictures on attention differ from effects of nonphobic emotional pictures. The present thesis aimed at investigating attention in spider phobia. Attention to emotional pictures was operationalized as event-related potentials (ERPs) (P1, early posterior negativity [EPN,] and late positive potential [LPP]). Two research questions were formulated. First, do phobic pictures evoke larger ERPs than what can be expected from arousal and valence? Second, are effects of spatial attention and perceptual load on ERPs the same for phobic and nonphobic emotional pictures? To investigate this, phobic and nonphobic negative pictures were presented to spider phobic and nonphobic participants. To determine effects of spatial attention on ERPs, participants were instructed to divert attention to a single letter that was presented in the periphery. To determine effects of perceptual load on ERPs, participants were instructed to perform a letter discrimination task on one, two, or three letters that were presented in the periphery. Study 1 showed enhanced LPP amplitudes to phobic pictures independent of arousal and valence. Further, this effect was present in both phobic and nonphobic participants. Study 2 showed that there was no effect of perceptual load on LPP to phobic pictures. Study 3 showed that spatial attention reduced LPP amplitudes, and to a similar extent for both phobic and nonphobic pictures. Further, perceptual load did not reduce EPN or LPP amplitudes to either phobic or nonphobic pictures. To conclude, the results suggest that phobic pictures evoke larger ERP amplitudes than nonphobic pictures. Still, ERPs to phobic and nonphobic pictures are moderated similarly by spatial attention and perceptual load.
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| 32. |
- Norberg, Joakim, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Frontotemporal contributions to social and non-social semantic judgements
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuropsychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-6645 .- 1748-6653. ; 18:1, s. 66-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semantic judgements involve the use of general knowledge about the world in specific situations. Such judgements are typically associated with activity in a number of brain regions that include the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, previous studies showed activity in brain regions associated with mentalizing, including the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), in semantic judgements that involved social knowledge. The aim of the present study was to investigate if social and non-social semantic judgements are dissociated using a combination of fMRI and repetitive TMS. To study this, we asked participants to estimate the percentage of exemplars in a given category that shared a specified attribute. Categories could be either social (i.e., stereotypes) or non-social (i.e., object categories). As expected, fMRI results (n = 26) showed enhanced activity in the left IFG that was specific to non-social semantic judgements. However, statistical evidence did not support that repetitive TMS stimulation (n = 19) to this brain region specifically disrupted non-social semantic judgements. Also as expected, the right TPJ showed enhanced activity to social semantic judgements. However, statistical evidence did not support that repetitive TMS stimulation to this brain region specifically disrupted social semantic judgements. It is possible that the causal networks involved in social and non-social semantic judgements may be more complex than expected.
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| 33. |
- Norberg, Joakim, 1974-
(författare)
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Ideologiska mål och utrikesdebatt : Svenska riksdagspartiers argumentation i Vietnam- och Irakfrågan
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is rather often assumed that Swedish foreign policy debate is largely characterized by consensus and that foreign policy goals often are material (for example security or economic welfare). Despite this, it is possible to identify disagreement among political parties about ideological goals – i.e. the promotion of values – in Swedish foreign policy debates. This raises questions about the nature and importance of these ideological goals in such debates. To study this closer I investigate foreign policy debates about the military conflicts in Vietnam and Iraq. The purpose of the dissertation is to describe and explain the content and relative importance of the ideological goals expressed by Swedish parliamentary parties in both party and public arenas. Four parties are included in the study: the Left, the Social Democrats, the Liberals and the Conservatives. The theoretical framework is made up of two main parts. First, I develop a classification scheme to identify and sort the goals found in the empirical material. This scheme includes four goal types: ideological, security, economic, and other. Second, insights from literatures on foreign policy and the behaviour of political parties are used to analyze the content and importance of ideological goals. The research design used in the dissertation is comparative case studies. The empirical material is composed of documents from the internal party arena (meeting minutes, congress material, etc), the parliamentary arena (debate material) and the official arena (press material). The material has been analyzed mainly qualitatively with the help of ideational and argument analysis. In order to estimate the relative importance of ideological goals quantitative content analysis has also been used. As regards the content of ideological goals during debates about Vietnam, the empirical results show all parties discussed the promotion of humanity, democracy and states’ rights to national independence. In the Iraq conflict, all parties expressed goals about humanity, human rights, internal security/safety, democracy and states’ rights to national independence. Beyond these goals, individual or a few parties also expressed other ideological goals. However, a central result is that the parties have linked the ideological goals – which they often agree about – to different ways of reasoning. The empirical analysis also revealed that ideological goals have generally been more important than other types of goals (with the exception of the Conservative Party in the debate about Vietnam). Regarding developments over time, the importance of ideological goals was unchanged for the Social Democrats and the Liberal Party. For the Left there was a slight decrease, and for the Conservatives a significant increase. The overall conclusion about what explains the content and importance of ideological goals in the foreign policy debates studied here is that explanations at the systemic level are inadequate. Variables like the international political structure (polarity) and institutional mechanisms in the EU and the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy had little explanatory power. Instead, explanations like type of foreign policy issue, party ideology and party strategy were more useful. Differences in parties’ fundamental ideological views were also discussed as an important source of difference as regards the positions and arguments that expressed ideological goals.
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| 34. |
- Norberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Never mind the spider : Late positive potentials to phobic threat at fixation are unaffected by perceptual load
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 47:6, s. 1151-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research suggests that processing of emotional stimuli may be eliminated if a concurrent task places sufficient demands on attentional resources. To test whether this holds for stimuli with strong emotional significance, pictures of spiders as well as mushrooms were presented at fixation to spider-fearful and non-fearful participants. Concurrently, perceptual load was manipulated in two levels with a peripheral letter discrimination task. Results of event-related potentials showed that, compared with non-fearful participants, spider-fearful participants showed greater late positive potentials (LPP) to spiders than mushrooms, which provides a manipulation check that spiders were emotionally meaningful to spider-fearful participants. Critically, this effect was not affected by level of perceptual load. These findings suggest that strong emotional stimuli at fixation may resist manipulations of perceptual load.
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| 35. |
- Norberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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On the Hunt How Do People Experience the Hunting of Nonhuman Animals?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Society and Animals. - : Brill Academic Publishers. - 1063-1119 .- 1568-5306. ; 28:3, s. 233-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine hunters' experiences of leisure hunting, with a focus on the human-nonhuman animal relationship aspect of the activity. Interviews with twelve Swedish hunters were conducted and analyzed with an inductive thematic approach. The analysis showed that hunting led to an experience of completeness. This experience was complex, encompassing positive ingredients such as flow, peak experience, and transcendence, but there were also negative emotions such as guilt, disgust, and shame. The study showed that the hunters seemed to be aware of these feelings and that killing an animal was thus an ambivalent experience, involving the contrasting feelings of euphoria and guilt.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Norberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Differences in Effects of APOE epsilon 4 on Cognitive Impairment in Non-Demented Subjects
- 2011
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 32:2, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The APOE epsilon 4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE epsilon 4 is common in non-demented subjects with cognitive impairment. In both healthy people and people with AD, its prevalence has a north-south gradient across Europe. In the present study, we investigated whether the relation between the APOE epsilon 4 allele and cognitive impairment varied across Northern, Middle and Southern Europe. We also investigated whether a north-south gradient existed in subjects with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-amnestic MCI. Methods: Data from 16 centers across Europe were analyzed. Results: A north-south gradient in APOE epsilon 4 prevalence existed in the total sample (62.7% for APOE epsilon 4 carriers in the northern region, 42.1% in the middle region, and 31.5% in the southern region) and in subjects with SCI and amnestic MCI separately. Only in Middle Europe was the APOE epsilon 4 allele significantly associated with poor performance on tests of delayed recall and learning, as well as with the amnestic subtype of MCI. Conclusion: The APOE epsilon 4 allele frequencies in subjects with SCI and amnestic MCI have a north-south gradient. The relation between the APOE epsilon 4 allele and cognition is region dependent.
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| 38. |
- Norberg, Joakim, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Similar effects of manipulations of attention on processing of phobic and nonphobic pictures
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous studies showed reduced amplitudes of the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) to emotional pictures when their location was task irrelevant. Perceptual load showed mixed effects on ERPs to emotional pictures. The present study investigated whether effects of spatial attention and perceptual load on emotional ERPs differed between phobic and other highly negative but nonphobic stimuli. Results confirmed that participants with phobia showed greater EPN and LPP to phobic and nonphobic, negative pictures than to neutral pictures. Critically, when the location of emotional pictures was task-irrelevant, LPP was reduced similarly to both phobic and nonphobic negative pictures (EPN was unaffected). Perceptual load had no effects on emotional ERPs to either phobic or nonphobic negative pictures. Our findings suggest that effects of spatial attention and perceptual load on emotional ERPs are comparable for phobic and other highly negative but nonphobic stimuli.
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| 39. |
- Norberg, Joakim, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Spiders leave no one untouched : Spider pictures increase emotional ERPs beyond arousal and valence
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- People with phobias show enhanced amplitudes on emotional event-related potentials (ERPs) to phobic stimuli. Yet, it is unresolved whether there are independent contributions on the emotional ERPs that cannot be explained by ratings of high arousal and negative valence. We recorded ERPs as participants with and without spider phobia viewed spider pictures, highly negative pictures, and neutral pictures. Participants with phobia showed larger amplitudes in the early posterior negativity (EPN) and the early interval of the late positive potential (LPP) to spider than negative pictures. Importantly, participants without phobia also showed larger amplitudes to spider than neutral pictures even though they rated spiders and neutral pictures as equally neutral in valence and equally low in arousal. These findings suggest two effects of spider pictures on attention: One effect of emotion (valence and arousal) that influences only participants with phobia. The other effect influences both participants with and without phobia. We suggest that this is an effect of evolutionary threat. But, because this effect was present in participants with and without phobia, it is unlikely to play a role in the etiology of phobia.
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| 40. |
- Norberg, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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What psychodynamic supervisors say about supervision : Freedom within limits
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Supervisor. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0732-5223 .- 1545-231X. ; 35:2, s. 268-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supervision is considered an important part of training in psychodynamic psychotherapy. In this study, we investigated psychodynamic supervisors' experiences of the supervisory relationship. We interviewed 15 experienced psychodynamic supervisors and analyzed the data following the constant comparison method. Findings indicated that supervisors facilitated the development of supervisees' own styles, but also provided them with negative feedback when they did not conform to proper psychodynamic theory. This often resulted in emotional reactions in supervisees that supervisors could only understand by using clinical conceptualizations. Findings suggested supervisors used different approaches depending on whether or not they felt they could trust supervisees' judgment.
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| 41. |
- Olsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study of a deliberate practice intervention for therapist trainees
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deliberate practice (DP) is well established and widely accepted in expert performance research within a variety of fields. Recently, researchers have started to examine if the same training principles can be applied to psychotherapists. The aim of this study was to examine the impact on intrapersonal skills and the experiences of a six-week DP intervention on seven therapist trainees (n = 7). To do this, a single-case research design was used, combining weekly repeated measurements and pre- and post-intervention measurements as well as a qualitative study analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. The results from our measurements indicate mixed results, where three out of seven participants achieved a significant positive intervention effect and we can see that most participants change in the hypothesized direction on mindful attention (MAAS), experiential avoidance (MEAQ), emotional processing (EPI), and self-compassion (SCS). The participants described gains on increased self-awareness, more compassionate treatment of oneself, increased tolerance of unpleasant feelings as well as a sense of being able to use their own experiences to understand their relationship to other people. The intervention also gave the participants an ability to hold contrasting thoughts and emotions and provided an increased sense of hope for their own future development. The findings of our study should be interpreted in light of its pilot nature and the limited extent of our design. However, it indicates that it seems possible to achieve positive results on intrapersonal skills from a relatively short period of training.
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| 42. |
- Osei-Tutu, Annabella, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural Models of Well-Being Implicit in Four Ghanaian Languages
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution to the collection of articles on "African Cultural Models" considers the topic of well-being. Reflecting modern individualist selfways of North American and European worlds, normative conceptions of well-being in hegemonic psychological science tend to valorize self-acceptance, personal growth, and autonomy. In contrast, given the embedded interdependence of everyday life in many West African worlds, one can hypothesize that cultural models of well-being in many Ghanaian settings will place greater emphasis on sustainability-oriented themes of material sufficiency and successful navigation of normative obligations. To explore this hypothesis, we interviewed local cultural experts who function as custodians of religion and an important source of support for well-being in many Ghanaian settings. We asked participants to identify and explain models of well-being implicit in four Ghanaian languages (Akan, Dagbani, Ewe, and Ga). Participants were 19 men and 15 women (age range 32-92 years; Mean = 59.83; SD: 14.01). Results reveal some features of local models, includinggood healthandpositive affective states, that appear to resonate with standard understandings of well-being in hegemonic psychological science. However, results also provide evidence for other features of local models - specifically, good living (includingmoral living,material success, andproper relationality) andpeace of mind- associated with a sustainability or maintenance orientation to well-being.
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| 43. |
- Pedersen, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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How do Ghanaian Pentecostal Charismatic Christian university students experience well-being? - balancing the needs of self and others
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mental Health, Religion & Culture. - : Routledge. - 1367-4676 .- 1469-9737.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conceptualisations of well-being show cultural variations. In Ghana, traditional culture emphasises collectivistic values. However, the growth of Pentecostal Charismatic Christianity has dispersed individualistic values, which may be even more pronounced in emerging adults. The aim of the current study was to explore how Ghanaian Pentecostal Charismatic Christian university students conceptualise well-being. Twelve participants belonging to different religious groups within Pentecostal Charismatic Christianity were interviewed. The interviews were then analysed with inductive thematic analysis. The results showed that the participants' aspirations were situated in a social context with mutual dependence. They experienced well-being by contributing to family, friends, and society at large. However, at times there would be conflicts between their individual strivings and the wishes of others. Collectivistic and individualistic values seemed to have coexisted and interplayed, possibly with a stronger emphasis on traditional collectivistic values than those individualistic values transmitted through Pentecostal Charismatic Christianity.
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| 44. |
- Remmerfelt, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualisations of personal growth in Ghanaian Orthodox Christians
- 2021
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Ingår i: Mental Health, Religion & Culture. - : Routledge. - 1367-4676 .- 1469-9737. ; 24:9, s. 887-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal growth is integral to mental health. Hegemonic psychological theories about personal growth were formulated in an individualistic culture where people experience an independent self. Conceptualisations of personal growth may be different in collectivistic cultures where people experience an interdependent self. Ghanaian Orthodox Christians are embedded in a collectivistic culture where religion permeates every-day life. The aim of this study was to investigate how Ghanaian Orthodox Christians conceptualise personal growth. We interviewed 12 participants from the University of Ghana who belonged to different Orthodox Christian Churches. The results showed that the participants wanted material success, and they acknowledged that this takes effort. Relationships were facilitating their ambitions, and for that reason learning to adapt to social norms was important. Most important of all was their relationship to God. The results implied a conceptualisation of personal growth that relies on an interdependent experience of the self.
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| 45. |
- Salim, O., et al.
(författare)
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The development of facilitative interpersonal skills during 5-year psychology training programs : a cross-sectional study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Routledge. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 76:1, s. 38-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has consistently found that therapists differ in psychotherapy outcomes. Interpersonal skills, as measured with the Facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) task, have been found to be one of few therapist characteristics that reliably predicts outcome. To extend current knowledge of the development of interpersonal skills, this study investigates the association between FIS and progression on a 5-year psychologist program, while also accounting for potentially confounding or moderating variables. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, sixty-five students from psychology programs in Sweden were assessed with the FIS performance task and completed self-reports on several variables, including demographics, indicators of clinical experience and psychological variables (deliberate practice, natural helping, motivation for clinical work and test anxiety). Using hierarchical linear regression and moderated regression analysis the results showed that student's semester on the program was a significant predictor of FIS above and beyond the effect of other variables. Also, higher motivation for clinical work and higher test anxiety emerged as significant positive predictors of FIS scores. Deliberate practice did not moderate the relationship. The findings provide preliminary support for an association between FIS and further progression on the psychology program in Sweden. Implications for practice, theory and future investigations are discussed.
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| 46. |
- Sköld, Mattias Larsson, et al.
(författare)
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To fail psychotherapy training : Students' and supervisors' perspectives on the supervisory relationship
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotherapy. - : Routledge. - 1364-2537 .- 1469-5901. ; 20:4, s. 391-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research showed that supervision during psychotherapy training sometimes includes negative alliance and harmful events. The aim of this study was to investigate how such events were related to failing psychotherapy training. Interviews were made with informants from two separate samples: psychotherapy students who had failed training (n = 6) and supervisors with experience from failing students (n = 6). The interviews were analyzed separately for the two samples with inductive thematic analysis and then compared. The core category for students ('Paradoxical response') indicated that they experienced their supervisors as either demanding too much or nothing at all. The core category for supervisors ('Balancing contradictory demands') indicated that they wanted to fail students who did not live up to expectations but were pressured by training institutes to let them pass. Both students and supervisors experienced distress but it seemed that they were not fully aware of each other's vulnerability. The results suggest that a weak supervisory alliance and harmful events may contribute to student failures, independently of students' actual suitability for psychotherapy.
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| 47. |
- Tuuvas, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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A healing relationship : Clients' experiences of the long-term relational significance of the horse in horse assisted psychotherapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotherapy. - : Routledge. - 1364-2537 .- 1469-5901. ; 19:3, s. 307-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horse assisted psychotherapy is a type of treatment for mental ill-health in which the client forms a relationship with a horse. Research suggests that the relationship to a horse is very helpful to clients, but how the horse is experienced many years after the end of treatment has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate how former clients from horse assisted psychotherapy experienced the horse several years after treatment was completed. Former clients (n = 5; all females) from one and the same treatment center were interviewed and the data was analyzed with an inductive thematic approach. The analysis showed that many years after completion of treatment, the horses were still remembered as the most important individuals in the informants' lives during the time of treatment. This was captured by the core category 'A healing relationship'. These findings are in line with previous research that found that patients in horse assisted psychotherapy and their family members attributed improvements from treatment to the patients' relationship to the horses, but adds that the clients also keep these views at follow-up several years after termination of treatment.
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| 48. |
- Törnquist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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How Supervisees on a Foundation Course in CBT Perceive a Supervision Session and what they Bring Forward to the Next Therapy Session
- 2018
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Ingår i: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1352-4658 .- 1469-1833. ; 46:3, s. 302-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is limited research into the effect of supervision in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) from the supervisees' perspective. Aims: The aim of the study was to acquire knowledge from the supervisees' perspective as to what in particular in the supervision process contributes to the therapy process. Method: Fourteen supervisees on a foundation course participated in the study. A qualitative approach was used with thematic analysis of the participants' written diaries after supervision and therapy sessions. Results: Analyses of supervisees' experiences suggested that a variety of therapeutic interventions were easier to implement if one had the supervisor's support and felt free to decide if and when the suggested interventions could best be implemented. Evaluation in the form of positive feedback from the supervisor indicating that the supervisee was doing the right thing' was perceived to be important. A unifying theme when supervisees felt they were not getting anything out of the supervision was that the supervisees did not have a supervision question. Conclusions: The results of this research suggest that the supervisor's support during training is perceived to be important for the supervisee. Receiving positive feedback from one's supervisor in an evaluation is perceived to have a great impact on whether the therapist implements the suggested therapeutic interventions discussed in the previous supervision.
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| 49. |
- Walcher, C.~J., et al.
(författare)
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4MOST Scientific Operations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Messenger. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 12-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 4MOST instrument is a multi-object spectrograph that will address Galactic and extragalactic science cases simultaneously by observing targets from a large number of different surveys within each science exposure. This parallel mode of operation and the survey nature of 4MOST require some distinct 4MOST- specific operational features within the overall operations model of ESO. The main feature is that the 4MOST Consortium will deliver, not only the instrument, but also contractual services to the user community, which is why 4MOST is also described as a facility. This white paper concentrates on information particularly useful to answering the forthcoming Call for Letters of Intent.
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| 50. |
- Wiens, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional event-related potentials are reduced if negative pictures presented at fixation are unattended
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 495:3, s. 178-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viewing of emotional pictures elicits two event-related potentials (ERPs) to emotional versus neutral pictures: an early posterior negativity (EPN) and a late positive potential (LPP). Because it is unresolved whether these indexes of emotional processing are reduced to task-irrelevant pictures at fixation, negative and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture Set (IAPS) were shown at fixation together with 6 letters that surrounded the pictures. In separate tasks, participants were instructed to attend either the pictures or the letters. When the pictures were task relevant, results showed an EPN and LPP. In contrast, when the pictures were task irrelevant, the EPN was eliminated and the LPP reduced. Performance was high in both tasks (hit rates > 87%), but somewhat better when the pictures were relevant. However, analyses showed no relationship between this performance difference and the differences in EPN and LPP between tasks. These results suggest that emotional processing of strong, negative pictures is sensitive to manipulations of attention even if the pictures are shown at fixation.
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