| 1. |
- Abazajian, Kevork, et al.
(author)
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CMB-S4 : Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
- 2022
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Adam, Silke, et al.
(author)
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Campaigning Against Europe? : The Role of Euroskeptic Fringe and Mainstream Parties in the 2009 European Parliament Election
- 2013
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In: Journal of Political Marketing. - : Routledge. - 1537-7857 .- 1537-7865. ; 12:1, s. 77-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we analyze political parties' campaign communication during the 2009 European Parliamentary election in 11 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). We study which types of issues Euroskeptic fringe and Euroskeptic mainstream parties put on their campaign agendas and the kind and extent of EU opposition they voice. Further, we seek to understand whether Euroskeptic and non-Euroskeptic parties co-orient themselves toward each other within their national party systems with regard to their campaigns. To understand the role of Euroskeptic parties in the 2009 European Parliamentary elections, we draw on a systematic content analysis of parties' posters and televised campaign spots. Our results show that it is Euroskeptic parties at the edges of the political spectrum who discuss polity questions of EU integration and who most openly criticize the union. Principled opposition against the project of EU integration, however, can only be observed in the UK. Finally, we find indicators for co-orientation effects regarding the tone of EU mobilization: In national political environments where Euroskeptic parties strongly criticize the EU, pro-European parties at the same time publicly advance pro-EU positions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- de Ståhl, Teresita Díaz, et al.
(author)
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Profiling of copy number variations (CNVs) in healthy individuals from three ethnic groups using a human genome 32 K BAC-clone-based array
- 2008
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In: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 29:3, s. 398-408
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To further explore the extent of structural large-scale variation in the human genome, we assessed copy number variations (CNVs) in a series of 71 healthy subjects from three ethnic groups. CNVs were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to a BAC array covering the human genome, using DNA extracted from peripheral blood, thus avoiding any culture-induced rearrangements. By applying a newly developed computational algorithm based on Hidden Markov modeling, we identified 1,078 autosomal CNVs, including at least two neighboring/overlapping BACs, which represent 315 distinct regions. The average size of the sequence polymorphisms was approximately 350 kb and involved in total approximately 117 Mb or approximately 3.5% of the genome. Gains were about four times more common than deletions, and segmental duplications (SDs) were overrepresented, especially in larger deletion variants. This strengthens the notion that SDs often define hotspots of chromosomal rearrangements. Over 60% of the identified autosomal rearrangements match previously reported CNVs, recognized with various platforms. However, results from chromosome X do not agree well with the previously annotated CNVs. Furthermore, data from single BACs deviating in copy number suggest that our above estimate of total variation is conservative. This report contributes to the establishment of the common baseline for CNV, which is an important resource in human genetics.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dimnitrova, Daniela, et al.
(author)
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The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns : Evidence from Panel Data
- 2014
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In: Communication Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-6502 .- 1552-3810. ; 41:1, s. 95-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While the majority of previous research suggests there are positive relationships between digital media use and political participation and knowledge, most studies have relied on cross-sectional surveys and have thus not been able to firmly establish the chain of causality. Also, there is little research investigating use of different forms of digital media and their relative effects on political participation and knowledge. This study examines (a) the effects of digital media use on political participation and knowledge and (b) whether different forms of digital media use affect people differently. Drawing on two representative panel surveys, the study demonstrates that there are only weak effects of digital media use on political learning, but that the use of some digital media forms has appreciable effects on political participation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Holmquist Mengelbier, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Intratumoral genome diversity parallels progression and predicts outcome in pediatric cancer.
- 2015
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic differences among neoplastic cells within the same tumour have been proposed to drive cancer progression and treatment failure. Whether data on intratumoral diversity can be used to predict clinical outcome remains unclear. We here address this issue by quantifying genetic intratumoral diversity in a set of chemotherapy-treated childhood tumours. By analysis of multiple tumour samples from seven patients we demonstrate intratumoral diversity in all patients analysed after chemotherapy, typically presenting as multiple clones within a single millimetre-sized tumour sample (microdiversity). We show that microdiversity often acts as the foundation for further genome evolution in metastases. In addition, we find that microdiversity predicts poor cancer-specific survival (60%; P=0.009), independent of other risk factors, in a cohort of 44 patients with chemotherapy-treated childhood kidney cancer. Survival was 100% for patients lacking microdiversity. Thus, intratumoral genetic diversity is common in childhood cancers after chemotherapy and may be an important factor behind treatment failure.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hordoir, Robinson, et al.
(author)
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Nemo-Nordic 1.0 : a NEMO-based ocean model for the Baltic and North seas - research and operational applications
- 2019
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In: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 12:1, s. 363-386
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, the Baltic and North seas and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts and enabling climatic studies are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to be a tool for both short-term and long-term simulations and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain and the inclusion of the two seas are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short-term capabilities of the model are presented, especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer timescales, with a focus on the major Baltic inflows and the variability in deep-water salinity in the Baltic Sea.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Nord, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Isopedopeptins A-H : Cationic Cyclic Lipodepsipeptides from Pedobacter cryoconitis UP508 Targeting WHO Top-Priority Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria
- 2020
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In: ACS Chemical Biology. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 15:11, s. 2937-2944
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pedobacter cryoconitis strain UP508 was isolated from a soil sample using a mixture of ampicillin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid for selection. UP508 was found to produce >30 unknown antibacterial peptides, of which eight, isopedopeptins A-H (1-8), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and characterized with respect to structures and biological properties. Compounds 1-8 were all composed of nine amino acid residues and one 3-hydroxy fatty acid residue, and the structures were ring-closed via an ester bond from the C-terminal aspartic acid to the 3-hydroxy fatty acid. The differences between the peptides were the size and branching of the 3-hydroxy fatty acid and the presence of a valine or a 3-hydroxyvaline residue. The isopedopeptins mainly had activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and isopedopeptin B (2), which had the best combination of antibacterial activity, in vitro cytotoxicity, and hemolytic properties, was selected for further studies against a larger panel of Gram-negative bacteria. Isopedopeptin B was found to have good activity against strains of WHO top-priority Gram-negative bacteria, i.e., carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) down to 1, 2, and 4 mu g/mL, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2 had activity against colistin-resistant strains of A. baumannii, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a MIC down to 8, 2, and 4 mu g/mL, respectively. Compound 6 was tested in an E. coli liposome system where it induced significant leakage, indicating membrane disruption as one mechanism involved in isopedopeptin antibacterial activity. Isopedopeptin B stands out as a promising candidate for further studies with the goal to develop a new antibiotic drug.
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| 15. |
- Nord, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of novel and complex genomic aberrations in glioblastoma using a 32K BAC array
- 2009
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In: Neuro-Oncology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 11:6, s. 803-818
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glioblastomas (GBs) are malignant CNS tumors often associated with devastating symptoms. Patients with GB have a very poor prognosis, and despite treatment, most of them die within 12 months from diagnosis. Several pathways, such as the RAS, tumor protein 53 (TP53), and phosphoinositide kinase 3 (PIK3) pathways, as well as the cell cycle control pathway, have been identified to be disrupted in this tumor. However, emerging data suggest that these aberrations represent only a fraction of the genetic changes involved in gliomagenesis. In this study, we have applied a 32K clone-based genomic array, covering 99% of the current assembly of the human genome, to the detailed genetic profiling of a set of 78 GBs. Complex patterns of aberrations, including high and narrow copy number amplicons, as well as a number of homozygously deleted loci, were identified. Amplicons that varied both in number (three on average) and in size (1.4 Mb on average) were frequently detected (81% of the samples). The loci encompassed not only previously reported oncogenes (EGFR, PDGFRA, MDM2, and CDK4) but also numerous novel oncogenes as GRB10, MKLN1, PPARGC1A, HGF, NAV3, CNTN1, SYT1, and ADAMTSL3. BNC2, PTPLAD2, and PTPRE, on the other hand, represent novel candidate tumor suppressor genes encompassed within homozygously deleted loci. Many of these genes are already linked to several forms of cancer; others represent new candidate genes that may serve as prognostic markers or even as therapeutic targets in the future. The large individual variation observed between the samples demonstrates the underlying complexity of the disease and strengthens the demand for an individualized therapy based on the genetic profile of the patient.
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| 16. |
- Nord, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Finanskrisen, förväntningarna och förtroendet
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna avslutande rapport kring finanskrisen hösten 2008 är att diskutera kriskommunikationens villkor och opinionsbildningens dynamik genom att analysera det kommunikativa samspelet mellan politiker och myndighetsaktörer, nyhetsrapporteringen i de traditionella massmedierna och medborgarna. Vidare analyseras huruvida detta kommunikativa samspel påverkat opinionen och allmänhetens förtroende för aktörerna. Slutligen jämförs det kriskommunikativa samspelet under finanskrisen med motsvarande skeende under tsunamikatastrofen 2004/2005 och svininfluensan 2009.Analysen av finanskrisen visar att medierna vid detta tillfälle hade en tydlig roll som katalysator i det kommunikativa samspelet. Det var förstås inte medierna som skapade den finansiella krisen, men de tog ett viktigt kommunikativt initiativ och uppmärksammade krisen nyhetsmässigt i stor omfattning. Opinionsmässigt bidrog medierna till att skapa en bild av finanskrisen som det var mycket svårt för andra samhällsaktörer att inte förhålla sig till. Flera faktorer bidrog till att bilden av regeringen i medierna – mot alla odds – kunde bli så fördelaktig under finanskrisen. Här förtjänar att påpekas att frånvaron av en stark politisk opposition i Sverige hösten 2008 sannolikt spelade roll i sammanhanget. Det var nämligen ont om sådana kontrasterande och konkurrerande krisuppfattningar i det svenska samhället som medierna vanligen gärna återger för att åstadkomma en allsidig rapportering. Finanskrisen beskrevs överlag på ett entydigt sätt: det rörde sig här om en händelse som inträffat i omvärlden och där ansvaret framförallt fanns utanför landets gränser.Regeringen accepterade den bild av krisen som förmedlades i medierna, och anpassade sitt eget budskap till denna bild. Det skapades en överensstämmelse mellan den rådande mediebilden och regeringens egen fortsatta kommunikation om finanskrisen. Utifrån denna grundläggande problembeskrivning vidtog sedan regeringen olika åtgärder som bekräftade den allvarliga situationen, men också pekade på att den svenska ekonomin var i god ordning och att den svenska regeringen var beredd att möta de utmaningar som den nya situationen krävde. Allt detta bidrog i sin tur till att allmänhetens förväntningar i samband med finanskrisen får betraktas som låga. När regeringen i detta läge kunde framstå som handlingskraftig – och när medierna inte heller hade andra aktörers alternativa tolkningar att återge – är det måhända inte särskilt överraskande att regeringens krishantering uppfattades övervägande positivt av den svenska allmänheten, och att förtroendet för den inte heller påverkades negativt av krisen.
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| 17. |
- Nord, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Från osäker källa : bevakningen av Irakkriget i svenska medier
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna rapport granskas hur de ledande svenska nyhetsmedierna i tv och press bevakade och beskrev Irakkriget under de första fem dagarna (inledningsskedet) och de sista fem dagarna före Bagdads fall (avslutningsskedet). Granskningen tar särskilt upp vilka källor som kommer till tals, öppet eller anonymt, vilka tematiska perspektiv på kriget som dominerar och vilka aktörer som skildras. Särskilt intresse ägnas avvägningen mellan fakta och spekulationer inom olika tematiska områden. Studien anknyter teoretiskt och metodologiskt till en tidigare studie om terrorattackerna den 11 september 2001 och kriget i Afghanistan 2002 (”Tio dagar som skakade världen”, Nord & Strömbäck 2002).
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Pan, Gang, et al.
(author)
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PATZ1 down-regulates FADS1 by binding to rs174557 and is opposed by SP1/SREBP1c
- 2017
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In: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 45:5, s. 2408-2422
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The FADS1 and FADS2 genes in the FADS cluster encode the rate-limiting enzymes in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Genetic variation in this region has been associated with a large number of diseases and traits many of them correlated to differences in metabolism of PUFAs. However, the causative variants leading to these associations have not been identified. Here we find that the multiallelic rs174557 located in an AluYe5 element in intron 1 of FADS1 is functional and lies within a PATZ1 binding site. The derived allele of rs174557, which is the common variant in most populations, diminishes binding of PATZ1, a transcription factor conferring allele-specific downregulation of FADS1 The PATZ1 binding site overlaps with a SP1 site. The competitive binding between the suppressive PATZ1 and the activating complex of SP1 and SREBP1c determines the enhancer activity of this region, which regulates expression of FADS1.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Shehata, Adam, et al.
(author)
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Public Broadcasting, Inadvertent News Exposure and Political Learning : An Empirical Test Using Panel Data
- 2013
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study puts the role for political learning of public service broadcasting to a thorough empirical test.Previous research has found that public service-oriented media systems promote a better-informed citizenry andnarrow knowledge gaps between citizens. This research was based on cross-sectional aggregate measures of mediacontent and/or survey data, however. To investigate how public service television influences political learning amongless interested and motivated citizens, we use a unique four-wave panel survey. These data enable a close analysis ofknowledge gains as a consequence of media exposure throughout an election campaign (N=4,010). We find thatcitizens with a weak relative political interest – i.e. who prefer entertainment over politics – learn substantially aboutpolitics and current affairs from watching public service television channels. The implications of our findings for thefunctioning of democratic systems and the role played by the media are discussed.
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| 22. |
- Shehata, Adam, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Television Channel Content Profiles and Differential Knowledge Growth : A Test of The Inadvertent Learing Hypothesis Using Panel Data
- 2015
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In: Political Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1058-4609 .- 1091-7675. ; 32:3, s. 377-395
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study uses four waves of panel data to analyze inadvertent learning—that is, learning in the absence of interest or motivation—from watching public service television channels. Previous research suggests that motivation-based gaps in political knowledge are at least partly a function of the political information opportunities provided by the major television channels in a country, which influence the likelihood of being inadvertently exposed to news and current affairs programs. The present study puts the inadvertent learning hypothesis to a thorough empirical test by analyzing individual-level growth in knowledge over time, based on panel data collected during five months leading up to the Swedish 2010 national election. Using multilevel growth curve modeling and an extensive battery of surveillance knowledge questions, the results show not only (a) that public service channel viewing was related to learning, but also (b) that knowledge growth occurred among public service viewers independently of their political motivation and news attention, and (c) that such learning was even more pronounced among viewers lacking an interest in politics. The findings are discussed in light of ongoing media environmental transformations as well as cross-national comparative media systems research.
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| 26. |
- Zeng, Chenjie, et al.
(author)
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Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus
- 2016
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In: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk. Method: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation. Results: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 x 10(-9)), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 x 10(-5)), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 x 10(-4)) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 x 10(-5)) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that PTHLH was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of PTHLH and its nearby gene CCDC91 at P < 0.05. Conclusion: This study identified four independent association signals at 12p11 and revealed potentially functional variants, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanism(s) for the association observed between variants at 12p11 and breast cancer risk.
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