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1.	Ahonen, Hanna, et al. (författare) “No one seems to know” : Studieprotokoll för utvärdering av ett teoretiskt ramverk för oral hälsa avseende reliabilitet och validitet i en obstruktiv sömnapné population 2019 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
2.	Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al. (författare) Periodontal conditions in a Swedish city population of adolescents : A cross-sectional study 2006 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 30:1, s. 25-34 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this epidemiological survey was to analyze the periodontal conditions of 19-year old individuals in an urban area of Sweden, with special reference to gender and socioeconomic factors. A randomized sample of 272 individuals living in Göteborg, Sweden, was clinically examined with regard to oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontal pockets, probing attachment loss (PAL) and gingival recession. Bitewing radiographs were used for assessments of alveolar bone level (ABL) and dental calculus. A questionnaire-based interview regarding oral hygiene habits was included. Data were analyzed with regard to differences between gender and socioeconomic grouping. The subjects showed a mean plaque score of 59% and a gingivitis score of 44%. 70% of the adolescents had a plaque score of ≥50%, whereas corresponding figure for gingivitis was 37%. 27% of the subjects had at least one tooth with gingival recession. The mean prevalence of sites with probing depth of ≥6 mm was 0.5, and the prevalence of PAL ≥2 mm was 0.7. A radiographic bone level of ≥2 mm was observed at on average 0.8 teeth per subject. Females had significantly less plaque and gingivitis than males and significantly higher number of teeth with gingival recession. There were no clinically significant differences in periodontal conditions between socioeconomic groups. In conclusion, the survey revealed higher prevalence of plaque and gingivitis among male than female adolescents but no differences between socioeconomic groups.
3.	Ahonen, Hanna, et al. (författare) Applying World Dental Federation Theoretical Framework for Oral Health in a General Population 2021 Ingår i: International Dental Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0020-6539 .- 1875-595X. ; 72:4, s. 536-544 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: The World Dental Federation (FDI) has recently proposed a new definition and theoretical framework of oral health. The theoretical framework includes 4 main components and describes the relationships amongst them. In 2020, an international work group proposed the minimum Adult Oral Health Standard Set (AOHSS) of variables to measure oral health, which was mapped onto the FDI's theoretical framework. By using an empirical data set, the proposed variables in the AOHSS and the potential interactions amongst the components of the FDI's theoretical framework can be tested. The purpose of this research was to investigate structural relations of the components of the FDI's theoretical framework of oral health based on data from a general adult population. Methods: Data from a previously conducted Swedish cross-sectional study focusing on oral health were utilised (N = 630; women, 55.2%; mean age, 49.7 years [SD, 19.2]). Variable selection was guided by the AOHSS. Structural equation modeling was used to analyse relationships amongst the components of the FDI's theoretical model (core elements of oral health, driving determinants, moderating factors, and overall health and well-being). Results: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14, xerostomia, and aesthetic satisfaction had statistically significant direct effects on overall health and well-being (p < .05). Driving determinants and moderating factors had statistically significant direct effects on all core elements of oral health (p < .05) except aesthetic satisfaction (p = .616). The predictors explained 24.1% of the variance of the latent variable overall health and well-being. Based on several indices, the proposed model showed acceptable model fit. Conclusions: The FDI's theoretical framework can be used to describe different components of oral health and the relationship amongst them in an adult general population. Further research based on the FDI's theoretical framework in other populations and settings is needed to explore complex interactions and possible relationships that form oral health and to investigate other or additional important social determinants.
4.	Ahonen, Hanna, et al. (författare) Clinical and self-reported measurements to be included in the core elements of the World Dental Federation's theoretical framework of oral health 2021 Ingår i: International Dental Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0020-6539 .- 1875-595X. ; 71:1, s. 53-62 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction Oral health is part of general health, and oral diseases share risk factors with several non-communicable diseases. The World Dental Federation (FDI) has published a theoretical framework illustrating the complex interactions between the core elements of oral health (CEOHs): driving determinants, moderating factors, and general health and well-being. However, the framework does not specify which self-reported or clinical measurements to be included in the CEOHs. Objectives To explore oral health measurements relevant for a general adult population to be included in the CEOHs in the FDI's theoretical framework of oral health. Materials and methods A psychometric study was performed, using cross-sectional data from Sweden (N = 630, 54% women, mean age 49.7 years). The data set initially consisted of 186 self-reported and clinical measurements. To identify suitable measurements, the selection was discussed in different settings, including both experts and patients. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were performed to explore, reduce and evaluate measurements to be included in the three CEOHs. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's Alpha. Results The validation process yielded 13 measurements (four clinical, nine self-reported) in concordance with the CEOHs. PCAs confirmed robust validity regarding the construction, predicting 60.85% of variance, representing psychosocial function (number of measurements = 5), disease and condition status (number of measurements = 4), and physiological function (number of measurements = 4). Cronbach's Alpha indicated good to sufficient internal consistency for each component in the constructs (alpha = 0.88, 0.68, 0.61, respectively). Conclusion In a Swedish general adult population, 13 self-reported and clinical measurements can be relevant to include to operationalise CEOHs in the FDI's theoretical framework.
5.	Bratthall, G., et al. (författare) Comparison of ready-to-use EMDOGAIN®-gel and EMDOGAIN® in patients with chronic adult periodontitis. A multicenter clinical study 2001 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 28:10, s. 923-929 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives: The aim of this multicenter trial was to compare the clinical and radiographical outcome of a ready-to-use Emdogain®-gel (test) with the marketed Emdogain® (control). Methods: Subjects with bilateral infrabony defects ≥4 mm deep and ≥2 mm wide according to radiographs were selected. 88 subjects with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm ≥1 month after supervised oral hygiene and scaling participated. At baseline plaque index, bleeding on probing, PPD and probing attachment level were recorded and reproducible radiographs for computer-based bone level measurements were taken. In each subject, 1 tooth was randomly treated with the test and 1 tooth with the control gel. Examinations were repeated 8 and 16 months post-operatively. Results: After 16 months, the mean test PPD was 4.1 mm and the mean control PPD 4.2 mm. The mean gain of attachment was 2.7 mm for test and 2.9 mm for the control sites, and the radiographic measurements demonstrated a mean gain of 1 mm for both test and control sites. Conclusion: This series of cases demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of pocket depths and gain of attachment and bone after 8 and 16 months with no difference between the 2 preparations.
6.	Buhlin, K., et al. (författare) Periodontal treatment influences risk markers for atherosclerosis in patients with severe periodontitis 2009 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 206:2, s. 518-522 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study investigated the effect of mechanical infection control for periodontitis and periodontal surgery on the prevalence of well-established risk factors for atherosclerosis, and plasma levels of cytokines, antibodies against heat shock proteins and markers of systemic inflammation. Sixty-eight patients between 39 and 73 years of age with severe periodontitis who had been referred to four specialist periodontology clinics in Sweden were investigated. A fasting venous blood sample was taken at baseline and additional samples were collected after 3 and 12 months. A total of 54 patients underwent periodontal treatment. The periodontal treatment was successful, as pathogenic gingival pockets decreased significantly. Plasma glucose, lipids and markers of systemic inflammation were not significantly altered after 3 months. One year after the initial treatment, HDL-C concentrations were significantly increased (Δ0.08 mmol/L) whereas LDL-C concentrations decreased (Δ0.23 mmol/L). Haptoglobin concentrations were also lower. Interleukin-18 and interferon-γ levels were also lower after 12 months (60 ng/L (-23%) and 11 ng/L (-97%) respectively). Treatment had no effect on plasma levels of IgA, IgG1, IgG2 antibodies against heat shock proteins. In conclusion, this study indicates that standard treatment for periodontal disease induces systemic changes in several biochemical markers that reflect the risk for atherosclerosis.
7.	Buhlin, K., et al. (författare) Risk factors for atherosclerosis in cases with severe periodontitis 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 36:7, s. 541-549 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: Studies have reported on an association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontitis. The purpose of this case-control study was to provide an insight into this association by determining the plasma levels of some risk markers for CVD in cases with periodontitis.Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight cases with periodontitis, mean age 53.9 (SD 7.9) years, and 48 randomly selected healthy controls, mean age 53.1 (SD 7.9) years, were investigated. Fasting blood plasma was analysed for glucose, lipids, markers systemic inflammation, cytokines and antibodies against heat shock proteins (Hsp). The associations between periodontitis and the various substances analysed in plasma were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model, which compensated for age, gender, smoking and body mass index.Results: The regression analyses revealed a significant association between periodontitis and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) [odds ratio (OR) 4.0, confidence interval (CI) 1.4-11.4] and fibrinogen (OR 8.7, CI 2.6-28.4), IL-18 (OR 6.5, CI 2.2-19.5), and decreased levels of IL-4 (OR 0.12, CI 0.0-0.5). The study showed increased levels of antibodies against Hsp65 (OR 2.8, CI 1-7.6) and 70 (OR 2.9, CI 1.1-7.8) and decreased levels of antibodies against Hsp60 (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-0.8).Conclusions: Periodontitis was associated with increased levels of CRP, glucose, fibrinogen and IL-18, and with decreased levels of IL-4.
8.	Christersson, L. A., et al. (författare) Topical application of tetracycline‐HCl in human periodontitis 1993 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 20:2, s. 88-95 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Previous in vitro studies have suggested that tetracycline‐HCl (TTC‐HCl) is adsorbed and actively released from root dentin. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the binding to and release of TTC‐HCl from human root dentin surfaces in vivo, and to evaluate the clinical utility of TTC‐HCl irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Experiment I utilized two contralateral mandibular single‐rooted teeth which were examined in four adults with severe generalized periodontitis. One tooth in each patient was carefully scaled and root planed, under local anesthesia, and the other used as an unsealed control. Each subgingival root surface was irrigated for 5 min with an aqueous TTC‐HCl solution at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected on paper strips for the next three weeks. The TTC‐HCl concentrations in each sample were determined by the inhibition zone of B. cereus cultured on agar plates. The TTC‐HCl concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid collected 15 min after irrigation were 3100±670 μg/ml from the scaled lesions and 4700±1300 μg/ml from the unsealed root surfaces. The antibiotic concentrations decreased logarithmically over the next 7 days; 1500±270 μ/g/ml and 1100±330μ/g/ml at 2 h. 880±350μ/g/ml and 1300±360 μ/g/ml at 6 h and 19±5μ/g/ml and 31±26 μ/g/ml at 1 week for scaled and unsealed root surfaces, respectively. Results for week two and three indicated an average of over 8 μg/ml. The TTC‐HCl concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid from scaled and unsealed root surfaces were not statistically different at any time point. The tetracycline irrigation resulted in release of tetracycline at concentrations well above therapeutic concentrations for at least 1 week. Experiment II comprised 11 patients with severe adult periodontitis. All subjects were scaled and root planed prior to baseline measurements. The patients were monitored by the following parameters: probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI). 54 contralateral teeth exhibiting residual pocket depths of 5 mm were selected. Within each pair identified for the study, teeth were randomly assigned as test or control sites. After baseline measurement, each subgingival root surface was irrigated for 5 min; either with an aqueous TTC‐HCl solution of 100 mg/ml (test), or a 0.9% NaCl solution (control). At 3 and 6 months post‐treatment, the PI was unchanged for both groups. The GI index was reduced (0.062 > p > 0.001) in a similar manner for both groups. PPD showed statistically significant (p < 0.001) mean/patient decrease of similar magnitudes, 2.3±1.0 mm (test), and ‐1.6±0.8 mm (control) at 3 months, and ‐2.1±1.1 mm (test), and ‐1.4±0.9 mm at 6 months (control), respectively. Also, PAL measurements indicated a statistically significant average gain/patient of 2.1±1.1 mm in the test group (p<0.00l) and again of 1.2±1.0 mm in the controls (p = 0.002) at 3 months, and 1.8±1.1 mm (test; p<0.001) and 1.0±0.9 mm (controls; p= 0.005) at 6 months. Comparisons of the changes, between the groups, indicated statistically greater gain of PAL in the test group at both the 3 (p= 0.042) and 6 months (p= 0.034) intervals. These results suggest that TTC‐HCl irrigation of root surfaces for long periods of time (5 min) results in a subsequent release of active antibiotic into the gingival fluid at therapeutic levels for at least 1 week. TTC‐HCl irrigation resulted in significantly greater attachment gain as compared to scaling and root planing alone over at least a month period of healing.
9.	Davies, I., et al. (författare) Advances in the behavioural and public health aspects of periodontitis. Group D Consensus report of the fifth European workshop in periodontology 2005 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 32:SUPPL. 6, s. 326-327 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
10.	Edman, Kristina, 1958-, et al. (författare) 'Caries disease among an elderly population-A 10-year longitudinal study' 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Dental Hygiene. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 19:2, s. 166-175 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of dental caries and to identify risk factors for dental caries in an elderly population between 2008 and 2018.METHODS: This longitudinal study used data from a questionnaire survey and a clinical examination administered on two occasions 10 years apart to 273 individuals who were 65 and 75 years of age in 2008. The variables included were prevalence of dental caries as well as socioeconomic and socio-behavioural factors.RESULTS: The number of teeth decreased in both age groups by a mean of 2 over the 10-year study period, but the prevalence of dental caries remained stable. Approximately, a quarter of the participants had caries lesions. Toothbrushing once a day or less was the factor most strongly correlated with dental caries lesions (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.68-8.66, p = 0.001), followed by need for homecare (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.55-7.93, p = 0.003) and interproximal cleaning less than once a day (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.36-5.19, p = 0.004).CONCLUSIONS: This longitudinal study revealed no increase in the prevalence of dental caries lesions, indicating that good oral health can be preserved among elderly people. The highest risk for dental caries lesions was among participants with inadequate oral hygiene routines (toothbrushing once a day or less and seldom using interproximal devices) and in need of help in daily living, emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene and collaboration between dental services and community-based health care.
11.	Edman, Kristina, 1958- (författare) Epidemiological studies of Oral Health, development and influencing factors in the county of Dalarna, Sweden 1983–2013 2016 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of oral health and possible associations with socioeconomic and socio-behavioural factors, in an adult population over a period of 30 years. A further aim is to describe attitudes to, and demands of dental care, and the impact of oral conditions on quality of life.The study sample consisted of 787-1158 individuals, aged between 35-85 years, randomly selected from Dalarna’s population register in 1982, 2002, 2007 and 2012. The studies were carried out in 1983, 2003, 2008 and 2013, and the participants responded to a questionnaire and a clinical examination of oral status.There has been a substantial improvement in oral status in regard to the mean number of teeth, intact teeth, and less removable dentures over this period of 30 years. The proportion of individuals with alveolar bone loss decreased significantly between 1983 and 2008, but increased significantly between 2008 and 2013. Smoking was the overall strongest factor associated with alveolar bone loss, after adjustment for socioeconomic and socio-behaviour factors, age and number of teeth. Calculus, visible on radiographs, increased significantly between 2003 and 2013. The proportion of individuals with manifest caries declined significantly between 1983 and 2008, but seems to level out between 2008 and 2013. Socioeconomic and socio-behaviour factors were significantly associated with manifest caries. Preventive treatment, meeting the same caregiver as on previous visits, and information about treatment cost was reported to a significantly lower degree as important in 2013, compared with 2003 and 2008, and booking time for treatment was reported as more difficult in 2013, compared with earlier years. Regular recalls was reported as less important in 2013, compared with 2008. A third of the respondents reported oral impact on daily performance and irregular dental visits, limited economy for dental care, less than 20 remaining teeth, manifest caries and temporomandibular disorder were significantly associated with oral impact on daily performance.
12.	Edman, Kristina, 1958-, et al. (författare) 'Periodontal health and disease in an older population : A 10-year longitudinal study' 2022 Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 50:4, s. 225-232 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives To investigate alveolar bone loss (ABL), which is an indicator of periodontitis, and to identify risk factors for ABL in an older population between 2008 and 2018. Methods This longitudinal study used data from a questionnaire survey and a clinical examination administered on two occasions ten years apart to 273 individuals who were 65 years and 75 years in 2008. Results The mean number of teeth decreased significantly over the ten-year study period, while the proportion of individuals with calculus and moderate ABL visible on radiographs increased. For both ages, the number of teeth decreased by a mean of 2 teeth. The proportions of participants reporting poor general health, daily medication, xerostomia, living singly, visiting dental care irregularly and being in need of extra support in their homes all increased over the observation period. Conclusions Despite an increased progression of moderate alveolar bone loss, a fairly good dentition and chewing capacity was retained in this older population. However, the individual's age and fragility are important indicators that need to be considered when planning oral health care and the availability of dental care.
13.	Grossi, S. G., et al. (författare) Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. I. Risk indicators for attachment loss 1994 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 65:3, s. 260-267 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Specific risk indicators associated with either susceptibility or resistance to severe forms of periodontal disease were evaluated in a cross-section of 1,426 subjects, 25 to 74 years of age, mostly metropolitan dwellers, residing in Erie County, New York, and surrounding areas. The study sample exhibited a wide range of periodontal disease experience defined by different levels of attachment loss. Therefore, it was possible to accurately assess associations between the extent of periodontal disease and patient characteristics including age, smoking, systemic diseases, exposure to occupational hazards, and subgingival microbial flora. Age was the factor most strongly associated with attachment loss, with odds ratios for subjects 35 to 44 years old ranging from 1.72 (95% CI: 1.18 to 2.49) to 9.01 (5.86 to 13.89) for subjects 65 to 74 years old. Diabetes mellitus was the only systemic disease positively associated with attachment loss with an odds ratio of 2.32 (95% CI: 1.17-4.60). Smoking had relative risks ranging from 2.05 (95% CI: 1.47-2.87) for light smokers increasing to 4.75 (95% CI: 3.28-6.91) for heavy smokers. The presence of two bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus, in the subgingival flora represented risks of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.11-2.25) and 2.45 (95% CI: 1.87-3.24), respectively. Our results show that age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and the presence of subgingival P. gingivalis and B. forsythus are risk indicators for attachment loss. These associations remain valid after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, income, education, and oral hygiene status expressed in terms of supragingival plaque accumulation and subgingival calculus. Longitudinal, intervention, and etiology-focused studies will establish whether these indicators are true risk factors.
14.	Hugoson, Anders, et al. (författare) Distribution of periodontal disease in a Swedish adult population 1973, 1983 and 1993 1998 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 25:7, s. 542-548 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study was to compare changes in periodontal status in a Swedish poplation over a period of 20 years. Cross-sectional studies were carried out in Jönköping County in 1973, 1983, and 1993. Individuals were randomly selected from the following age groups: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. A total of 600 individuals were examined in 1973, 597 in 1983, and 584 in 1993. The number of dentate individuals was 537 in 1973, 550 in 1983, and 552 in 1993. Based on clinical data and full mouth intra-oral radiographs, all individuals were classified into 5 groups according to the severity of the periodontal disease experience. Individuals were classified as having a healthy periodontium (group 1), gingivitis without signs of alveolar bone loss (group 2), moderate alveolar bone loss not exceeding 1/3 of the normal alveolar bone height (group 3), severe alveolar bone loss ranging between 1/3 and 2/3 of the normal alveolar bone height (group 4), or alveolar bone loss exceeding 2/3 of the normal bone height and angular bony defects and/or furcation defects (group 5). During these 20 years, the number of individuals in groups 1 and 2 increased from 49% in 1973 to 60% in 1993. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of individuals in group 3, the group with moderate periodontal bone loss. Groups 4 and 5 comprised 13% of the population and showed no change in general between 1983 and 1993. The individuals comprising these groups in 1993, however, had more teeth than those who comprised these groups in 1983; on the average, the individuals in disease group 4 had 4 more teeth and those in disease group 5, 2 more teeth per subject. In 1973, these 2 groups were considerably smaller, probably because of wider indications for tooth extractions and fewer possibilities for periodontal care which meant that many of these individuals had become edentulous and were not placed in a group. Individuals in groups 3, 4, and 5 were subdivided according to the number of surfaces (%) with gingivitis and periodontal pockets (≥4 mm). In 1993, 20%, 42%, and 67% of the individuals in groups 3, 4, and 5 respectively were classified as diseased and in need of periodontal therapy with >20% bleeding sites and >10% sites with periodontal pockets ≥4 mm. In conclusion, an increase in the number of individuals with no marginal bone loss and a decrease in the number of individuals with moderate alveolar bone loss can be seen. The prevalence of individuals in the severe periodontal disease groups (4, 5) was unchanged during the last 10 years; however, the number of teeth per subject increased.
15.	Hugoson, Anders, et al. (författare) Has the prevalence of periodontitis changed during the last 30 years? 2008 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 35:8 Suppl., s. 338-345 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: This paper reviews global trends in the change in prevalence of periodontitis over the last 30 years.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The epidemiology of periodontal disease is briefly reviewed together with the current classification system and the clinical and radiographic diagnostic methodology in periodontal disease.RESULTS: This review identifies the very limited number of studies that provide prevalence data over time, and this data is discussed in comparison with those stemming from a few corresponding studies from countries outside Europe.CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate a possible trend of a lower prevalence of periodontitis in recent years.
16.	Hugoson, Anders, 1938-, et al. (författare) Jönköpingsundersökningarna : unika och omtalade 2008 Ingår i: Tandläkartidningen. - 0039-6982. ; 100:15, s. 50-54 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I slutet av 1960-talet och början av 1970-talet skapade den odontologiska forskningen en bättre förståelse för de stora tandsjukdomarnas etiologi, prevention och behandling. Forsknignens framsteg ökade intresset för förebyggande åtgärder, bättre dignostik och förbättrad kvalitet i det rastaurativa arbetet. Samtidigt fanns en brist på både allmäntandläkare och specialister. Jönköpingsundersökningarna är i första hand exempel på tvärsnittsstudier som fångar upp de förändringar som sker inte bara inom tandvåden utan i hela samhället.
17.	Hugoson, Anders, et al. (författare) Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden during 30 years (1973-2003) : I. Review of findings on dental care habits and knowledge of oral health 2005 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 29:4, s. 125-138 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the present study was to compare data on dental care habits and knowledge of oral health in four cross-sectional epidemiological studies carried out in 1973,1983,1993, and 2003. The 1973 study constituted a random sample of 1,000 individuals evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. The same age groups with addition of a group of 80-year-olds were included in the 1983, 1993 and 2003 studies, which comprised 1,104, 1,078, and 987 individuals, respectively. A questionnaire about dental care habits and knowledge of oral health was used in connection with a clinical and radiographic examination. The same questions were used in all the four studies. An addition to the 1993 and 2003 investigations were questions concerning ethnic background. In 2003 approximately 90-95 per cent of all individuals were visiting the dentist on a regular basis every or every second year. The 30- and 40-yea r-olds, however, did not visit a dentist as regularly in 2003 as in 1993. In these age groups 21-24 per cent of the individuals, respectively, reported that they had not visited a dentist in the last 2 years. Almost all children 3-15 years old received their dental care within the Public Dental Service (PDS). During the period 1973-2003 an increase in percentage of individuals aged 20-50 years treated by the PDS was seen compared to private practice, while among 60-80 year-olds there were only minor changes. Most so-year-olds and older received their dental care by private practitioners. About 70-80 per cent of all adults in 2003 were enrolled in a recall system on the dentist's initiative while in 1973 most appointments were based on the patient's own initiative. The number of individuals who were frightened, 5-17 per cent, or felt discomfort at the prospect of an appointment with the dentist was more or less the same during the whole period. The knowledge of the etiology of dental diseases did not changed much between 1973 and 2003. The frequency of toothbrushing increased since 1973 and in 2003 more than 90 per cent of all individuals brushed their teeth twice or once a day. The use of dental floss and toothpicks decreased in 2003 compared to 1983 and 1993. Almost all individuals in 2003 used fluoride toothpaste. It was obvious that the dental team constituted the main source of dental health information. For the age groups 20 and 30 years information from friends and relatives was also important. In the age groups 3-20 years up to 45 per cent of the individuals were consuming soft drinks every day or several times a week.
18.	Hugoson, Anders, et al. (författare) Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden during 30 years (1973-2003) : II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings 2005 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 29:4, s. 139-155 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this epidemiological study was to analyze various clinical and radiographic data on oral health and compare the results to those of three cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973 and 1983, and 1993. In 1973, 1983, 1993, and 2003 a random sample of 1,000; 1,104; 1,078; and 987 individuals, respectively, were studied. The individuals were evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 years. In 1973 80-year-olds were not included. All subjects were inhabitants of the City of Jönköping, Sweden. The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, implants, number of teeth, caries, restorations and overhangs, oral hygiene, calculus, periodontal status, endodontic treatment, and periapical status. The number of edentulous individuals in the age groups 40-70 years was reduced from 16 per cent in 1973 to 8 per cent in 1993, and to 1 per cent in 2003. The mean number of teeth increased, and up to the age of 60 years, individuals had more or less complete dentitions. During the 30-year period,the number of carious lesions and restorations decreased in general. In the 15-year-olds the decrease in number of restored tooth surfaces was 900 per cent and the corresponding figure for 30-year-olds was 79 per cent. The age groups 60-800 years showed an increase in number of restored tooth surfaces and had as a mean 50 filled tooth surfaces. The oral health among 3-5-year-olds improved markedly between 1973 and 1993. In 2003, however, there was no further improvement in 3- and 5-year-olds compared to 1993. Generally, restorations in 2003 exhibited a high quality and 90-95 per cent had no proximal overhangs. In 1973 this figure was about 60 per cent. In the age groups 20-50 years there were continuously fewer teeth fitted with crowns or bridges during the 30-year period. In 1973 the 50-year-olds had a mean of 24.5 per cent of the teeth crowned and in 2003 6.8 percent. Compared to data from 1973 there was a reduction by half concerning occurrence of plaque and gingivitis in 2003. The frequency of individuals with one or more periodontal pockets (> or = 4 mm) increased with age. In 2003 the bone level at the age of 60 years corresponded to the bone level at the age of 40 years in 1973. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth was lower in 2003 in all age groups compared to 1973, 1983, and 1993. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth with periapical orjuxtaradicular destructions was generally lower in 2003 than in the earlier surveys, about 20 per cent in 2003 compared to 25-30 per cent in 1973,1983, and 1993. The comparison of the four studies shows that there has been a great overall improvement in oral health over this 30-year period.
19.	Hugoson, Anders, et al. (författare) Oral hygiene and gingivitis in a Swedish adult population 1973, 1983 and 1993 1998 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 25:10, s. 807-812 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The periodontal condition of the inhabitants of Jönköping County, Sweden was followed for 20 years by means of 3 cross-sectional investigations performed in 1973, 1983, and 1993. The study comprised individuals in the age groups 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. The number of dentate individuals was 537 in 1973, 550 in 1983, and 552 in 1993. All individuals participating in the studies were examined clinically and radiographically. They also filled out a questionaire about dental care habits, socio-economic status, and general health. A clear reduction in the plaque score was seen between 1973 and 1983 in all age groups. With one exception, no further significant change in plaque levels was found between 1983 and 1993: the increase in plaque among the 20-year-olds was significant. In 1993 the mean % of surfaces with plaque was between 30% and 40% in all age groups. Gingivitis values corresponded well with the values of dental plaque; the same pattern with a clear reduction in gingivitis score was seen in all age groups between 1973 and 1983, and an increase in the mean frequency of gingival inflammation between 1983 and 1993 was seen in the 20-year age group. 30% of the individuals in this age group had more than 50% gingivitis in 1993 compared with 9% of the individuals in 1983. The 20-year-olds were further analyzed in a linear regression model using gingivitis as a dependent variable against some socio-economic, general health, and dental care variables associated with poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. In 1993, the most important explanatory variable was gender: significantly more males than females had higher gingivitis scores. The second most important explanatory variable was toothbrushing habits. Together they explained 10.9% of the variance. The multivariate analysis did not reveal approximal cleaning habits to be significant, probably due to their strong connection to gender and toothbrushing habits. In the 1983 sample, no significant explanatory variables were found. It was concluded from this data that it is important not only to renew but also to direct preventive guidelines more towards young adults who have no previous extensive experience of oral disease so that they will not be excluded from dental care and their dental health thereby jeopardised. In addition to preventive programmes aimed at the population as a whole, individual programmes based on risk targeting are also necessary to reduce the number of people developing dental disease and to increase the quality of dental care.
20.	Hugoson, Anders, et al. (författare) Trends over 30 years, 1973-2003, in the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease 2008 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 35:5, s. 405-414 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: The present investigation presents findings of the prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and periodontitis in a Swedish population over the 30 years 1973-2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four cross-sectional epidemiological studies in 1973, 1983, 1993, and 2003 were performed in Jönköping, Sweden. Random samples of individuals aged 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 years were examined clinically and radiographically. Diagnostic criteria were edentulousness, number of teeth, plaque, gingival status, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, alveolar bone level, and classification according to periodontal disease status. RESULTS: In all age groups, the number of edentulous individuals decreased dramatically and the number of teeth increased. Oral hygiene improved considerably. Over the 30 years, the proportion of periodontally healthy individuals increased from 8% in 1973 to 44% in 2003 and the proportion of individuals with gingivitis and moderate periodontitis decreased. There was a non-significant trend for the proportion of individuals with severe periodontal disease experience (Group 4) to decrease, while the proportion of individuals with advanced periodontitis (Group 5) remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Oral hygiene and periodontal health improved significantly in the 20-80-year age groups over the 30 years 1973-2003.
21.	Jansson, Henrik, et al. (författare) Evaluation of a periodontal risk assessment model in subjects with severe periodontitis. A 5-year retrospective study 2008 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 32:1, s. 1-7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate a well-established periodontal risk assessment tool in patients with severe periodontitis included in a supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) program. In total 20 individuals were included in the analysis. All subjects were randomly selected after successful periodontal treatment and at least 5 years SPT. Clinical and radiographic measurements were collected from patient records and analyzed according to the periodontal risk assessment model. Using the periodontal risk assessment model all subjects were classified as low, moderate, or high-risk patients. According to the model 7 patients were classified as moderate risk patients and 13 as high-risk patients. When comparing all the patients using only bleeding on probing (BoP) mean prevalence of 20% as a cut-off point, 15 patients were categorised as having low-moderate risk for periodontitis progression and 5 subjects as having high-risk for disease progression. The periodontal risk assessment model seems to overestimate the risk for disease progression. However the model is a suitable tool to visualize for both the clinician and the patient different variables of importance for periodontal health. The model is also beneficial to show how periodontal treatment can reduce further risk for periodontal disease.
22.	Jansson, Henrik, et al. (författare) Impact of periodontal disease experience on oral health-related quality of life 2014 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 85:3, s. 438-445 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Periodontal research has traditionally focused on the site level, regarding etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment outcome. Recently, some studies have indicated that the presence of periodontal disease is associated with reduced quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of periodontal disease experience on the quality of life.Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 443 individuals. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed; in conjunction, the oral health-related quality of life of all participants was assessed using the Swedish short-form version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Based on marginal bone loss, measured on radiographs, three different groups were identified: participants with loss of supporting bone tissue of less than one third of the root length (BL-), loss of supporting bone tissue of one third or more of the root length in <30% of teeth (BL), or loss of supporting bone tissue of one third or more of the root length in 30% of teeth (BL+).Results: The effect of periodontal disease experience on quality of life was considerable. For the BL- group, the mean OHIP-14 score was 3.91 (SD: 5.39). The corresponding mean values were 3.81 (SD: 5.29) for the BL group and 8.47 (SD: 10.38) for the BL+ group. The difference among all groups was statistically significant (P 0.001). A comparison among the mean OHIP-14 scores in the different groups (BL-, BL, and BL+) revealed significant differences in six of seven conceptual domains.Conclusions: The BL+ individuals experienced reduced quality of life, expressed as the OHIP-14 score, compared with the BL and BL- participants.
23.	Machtei, E. E., et al. (författare) Guided tissue regeneration and anti-infective therapy in the treatment of class II furcation defects 1993 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 64:10, s. 968-973 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE the effect of anti-infective therapy on the success of periodontal regeneration in mandibular Class II furcation defects. Eighteen patients with mandibular bilateral Class II furcation defects were enrolled. Following an initial hygienic phase, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) was performed using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane barrier. The area was surgically exposed, thoroughly root planed, and irrigated with either tetracycline (100 mg/ml) or 0.9% saline. Post-operative care included systemic tetracycline (250 mg q.i.d.) and chlorhexidine 0.12% mouthwash twice daily. Patients were maintained on a prophylaxis schedule of every 2 weeks for the first 3 months, and monthly thereafter. Clinical parameters of probing depth (PD), probing attachment level - vertical (PAL-v), probing attachment level - horizontal (PAL-h), and target periodontal pathogens were monitored at baseline and quarterly for one year. An overall improvement in all clinical parameters was observed in both groups: probing reduction (3.1 mm), PAL-h gain (2.3 mm), and PAL-v gain (1.2 mm) were all statistically significant compared to baseline measurements. Vertical measurements were performed parallel to the long axis of the tooth with no attempt to angulate the probe into the furcation. There was no significant difference in sites receiving tetracycline. A strong positive correlation was noted between initial PD and pocket reduction (r = 0.77, P <0.0001) and between initial PD and PAL-h gain (r = 0.54) and PAL-v gain (r = 0.45) suggesting that initial probing depth might be used to assess the regenerative potential of a given site. PD and PAL have shown marked improvement as early as 6 months post-operatively, but further improvement occurred over the 12 months of the study. Mean plaque indices were reduced to 0.5 with slight increases at 9 months, while gingival indices were steady at 0.5 through the year. Immunofluorescence demonstrated minimal infection with the target periodontal pathogens following surgery. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 5 sites during the monitoring phase and was associated with less favorable clinical results. This finding suggests that anti-infective therapy and monitoring for A. actinomycetemcomitans and/or other periodontal pathogens might be useful in GTR therapy.
24.	Malmström, Johan, 1975, et al. (författare) Bone response to free form-fabricated hydroxyapatite and zirconia scaffolds : A histological study in the human maxilla 2009 Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 20:4, s. 379-385 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives: Synthetic and biological materials are increasingly used to provide temporary or permanent scaffolds for bone regeneration. This study evaluated the effect of material chemistry and microporosity on bone ingrowth and osseointegration of zirconia (ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in the human maxilla.Material and methods: Twelve patients subjected to dental implant placement were enrolled in the study. Scaffolds of ZrO 2 and HA were placed in the maxilla of each subject, using a randomization protocol. After 3 months of healing, biopsies were harvested comprising the scaffolds and surrounding bone tissue. The biopsies were processed for histological evaluation and morphometric analysis (bone ingrowth and bone-to-scaffold contact).Results: Healing was uneventful in all cases. All scaffolds demonstrated a measurable bone response using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microporous HA scaffolds revealed four times larger bone ingrowth and seven times larger bone contact as compared with ZrO2 scaffolds.Conclusion: The results show that chemistry and microporosity of HA promote bone ingrowth and bone contact of ceramic scaffolds in human maxilla.
25.	Mayfield, L., et al. (författare) Root conditioning using EDTA gel as an adjunct to surgical therapy for the treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects 1998 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 25:9, s. 707-714 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this clinical study was to compare the treatment outcome following root surface conditioning using an EDTA gel preparation in conjunction with surgical therapy with that following conventional flap surgery in periodontal intraosseous defects. 36 patients, each of them contributing one intraosseous defect ≥4 mm in depth participated. Defect sites had a probing pocket depth ≥5 mm and bled on probing following hygienic treatment phase. No furcation involvement or endodontic complications were present. In the EDTA group, 18 consecutive patients, defects were treated by root conditioning with EDTA gel for 3 minutes in combination with surgical therapy. In the control group, 18 patients, conventional flap surgery was performed without root conditioning. Chlorhexidine rinsings 0.2% were prescribed following surgery for 2-3 weeks with modified oral hygiene instruction. A strict recall program was implemented including professional prophylaxis and oral hygiene reinforcement every 4-6 weeks until 6-month re-evaluation. Baseline probing pocket depths and defect depths of 7.1±1.3 mm and 6.9±1.6 mm in the EDTA group and 7.6±1.9 mm and 6.6±1.7 mm, respectively, in the control group were measured. 6-month clinical results showed a significant probing attachment level gain of 1.8±1.5 mm and 1.0±1.7 mm in the EDTA and control groups respectively. A probing bone gain of 1.0±1.3 mm in the EDTA group was measured with a non-significant gain of 0.4±1.2 mm in the control group. Radiographic analysis confirmed these results. There were no statistically significant differences in treatment outcome between the group treated by root conditioning in combination with flap surgery and conventional flap surgery alone.
26.	Najim, U., et al. (författare) Prevalence of furcation-involved molars in a Swedish adult population. A radiographic epidemiological study 2016 Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 2:2, s. 104-111 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of molars with furcation involvements grades II and III in adults participating in the Jonkoping Oral Health Study 2003. The second aim was to study correlations between different variables and the presence of furcation involvement in these individuals. The present study was performed using bitewing and apical radiographs from 329 subjects. Furcations were considered healthy if the furcation was filled with bone up to the fornix. Two thousand fourteen molars fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of molars with furcation involvements was 8.3%. Univariate analysis showed that plaque, age, and presence of periodontal pockets were significantly correlated with furcation-involved molar/s (P 0.0001). Gingivitis and education were also significantly correlated to the presence of furcation involvement (P 0.006) and (P <= 0.01), respectively. Gender had no association with presence of involvements. Multivariate analysis showed that age and presence of periodontal pockets were significantly correlated with furcation involvement (P 0.0001). Smoking was also found to be associated with furcation involvement (P 0.04). The tooth most frequently and least likely displaying furcation involvement was the maxillary first molar and the mandibular second molar, respectively. Periodontal pockets, age, and smoking were risk indicators for furcation involvement.
27.	Najim, U., et al. (författare) Prevalence of intrabony defects in a Swedish adult population. A radiographic epidemiological study 2017 Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 75:2, s. 123-129 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: The purpose of this radiographic study was to evaluate the prevalence of intrabony defects and to study the correlation between these defects and clinical variables in a Swedish adult population. Another aim was to study the combined relationship of intrabony defects and furcation involvement with clinical variables.Materials and methods: The present study was performed using bitewing and apical radiographs from 329 subjects. The clinical and radiographic data were collected from the study that was carried out in Jönköping 2003. Intrabony defects were measured from the bottom of the pocket to the highest point of alveolar bone crest. Furcations were considered healthy if the furcation was filled with bone up to the fornix. SPSS was used to analyze the results.Results: 2014 molars and 5898 non-molars were included in the study. The prevalence of intrabony defects was 2.2% in the whole population. Multivariate analysis showed that periodontal pockets (p < 0.0001), plaque (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.02) and gender (p < 0.03) had a significant relationship with the occurrence of intrabony defects. On the other hand, gingivitis, smoking habits and education level were not associated with intrabony defects. Multivariate analysis showed that the only variable associated with presence of intrabony defects and furcation involvement was presence of periodontal pockets (p < 0.0001). Whilst, gingivitis, education level, plaque, gender, age and smoking habits were not associated with the outcome.Conclusions: Mandibular second molars were most likely to display intrabony defects, whilst mandibular incisors were the least likely to do so.
28.	Nebel, Daniel, et al. (författare) Differential regulation of chemokine expression by estrogen in human periodontal ligament cells 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontal Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3484 .- 1600-0765. ; 45:6, s. 796-802 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and Objective: Estrogen modulates inflammatory responses, but the mechanisms involved have not yet been identified. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells produce chemokines (a group of chemoattractant molecules that recruit leukocytes) and it has been suggested that estrogen modulates periodontal inflammation by regulating the expression of chemokines by PDL cells. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the regulation of chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)], chemokine ligand 3 [CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)] and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5/RANTES) by estrogen in human PDL cells.Material and Methods: PDL cells were obtained from the PDL of premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, from two boys and two girls (16 and 17 years of age). PDL cell CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 mRNA transcripts were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The concentrations of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 proteins were determined by ELISAs.Results: Treatment with 0.5 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli) + 100 nm 17β-estradiol (E2) for 24 h reduced the expression of CCL3 mRNA by about 40% compared to PDL cells treated with LPS alone. Attenuation of CCL3 mRNA was not associated with a decrease in CCL3 protein within 48 h, suggesting a slow turnover of the CCL3 protein. Interindividual differences in the effects of E2 on CCL5 mRNA expression were observed. E2 (100 nm) increased the expression of CCL5 by 40-60% in PDL cells derived from two subjects but reduced the expression of CCL5 by about 30% in cells from another subject. CCL2 mRNA and CCL2 protein were highly expressed, but not regulated by E2. Similar data were observed in cells obtained from both boys and girls.Conclusion: Regulation, by estrogen, of chemokine expression in PDL cells shows a complex pattern involving the down-regulation as well as the up-regulation of chemokines, suggesting that estrogen exerts both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects through these mechanisms.
29.	Nebel, Daniel, et al. (författare) Estrogen regulates DNA synthesis in human gingival epithelial cells displaying strong estrogen receptor β immunoreactivity 2011 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontal Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3484 .- 1600-0765. ; 46:5, s. 622-628 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and Objective: Estrogen acts via estrogen receptor (ER) α and β. The expression pattern of ERs and their importance in gingival tissues are not fully understood. In this study, we investigate gingival ER expression and effects of estrogen on gingival epithelial cell proliferation.Material and Methods: Gingival biopsies were obtained from both healthy and diseased sites in three male and three female subjects. Expression of ERα and β was determined by immunohistochemistry. Effects of 17β-estradiol (E 2) on cell proliferation, monitored by measuring DNA synthesis, were studied in cultured human gingival epithelial HGEPp.05 cells.Results: Estrogen receptorβ, but not ERα, immunoreactivity was demonstrated in nuclei of epithelial cells in all layers of the gingival epithelium, but also in cells of the lamina propria. No differences were observed between male and female subjects. The same pattern, i.e. high ERβ expression but no ERα expression, was observed in both healthy and diseased sites within each individual. No differences in the intensity of the ERβ immunoreactive signal and the number of ERβ-positive nuclei were observed between healthy and diseased gingiva. Treatment with a physiological concentration of E 2 (10nm) had no effect on DNA synthesis in ERβ- and ERα-expressing HGEPp.05 cells. In contrast, E 2 at high concentrations (500nm and 10μm) reduced DNA synthesis by 60-70%.Conclusion: Human gingival epithelial cells display strong ERβ but low ERα immunoreactivity both in vivo and in culture. Estrogen attenuates gingival epithelial cell DNA synthesis at high but not low concentrations, suggesting a concentration-dependent mechanism.
30.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Clinical use of a computerized periodontal probe (Florida Probe System) 1991 Ingår i: Progresso Odontoiatrico. ; 4:10, s. 31-36 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
31.	Norderyd, Ola (författare) Epidemiology and indices of periodontal disease 2022 Ingår i: Essential periodontics. - Berlin : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 9781119619628 - 9781119619659 - 9781119619635 ; , s. 27-30 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
32.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Impact of Risk-Based Prevention on Public Oral Health : Examples from Sweden with Long-Term Follow-Up 2020 Ingår i: Risk assessment in oral health. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030386467 - 9783030386498 - 9783030386474 ; , s. 23-29 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
33.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jonkoping, Sweden, during 40 years (1973-2013) : II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings 2015 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish dental association. - 0347-9994. ; 39:2, s. 57-68 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the this study was to present data on oral care habits and knowledge of oral health in 2013, and to compare these data with results from a series of four previous cross-sectional epidemiological studies. All these studies were carried out in the city ofionkoping, Sweden, in 1973,1983,1993, 2003, and 2o13.The 1973 study constituted a random sample of L000 individuals evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5,10,15, 20, 30,40, 50, 6o, and 7o yea rs.The same age groups with addition of a group of 8o-year-olds were included in the 1983,1993, 2003, and 2013 studies, which comprised 1,104;1,078; 987; and 1,010 individuals, respectively. A questionnaire about dental care habits and knowledge of oral health was used. The questionnaire contained the same questions in all the five studies, although some had to be slightly modernised during the 40-year period. During the period 1973-2013, a continous increase of individuals in the age group 20-6o years were treated by the Public Dental Service amounting to about 5o%. Almost 7o% of the 70- and 80-year-olds were treated by private practitioners. In 2013,10-20% of the individuals in the age groups 30-40 years did not regularly visit neither Public Dental Service nor a private practitioner.The corresponding figures for the individuals 50-80 years old were 4-7%. Similar number of avoidance was reported in the previous studies. In the survey 2013, about 20-30% of the individuals in the age groups 20-50 felt frightened, sick, or ill at ease at the prospect of an appointment with the dentist.These findings were in agreement with the results from the surveys 1973-2003. Among the younger age groups, 10-15 years, a reduction in self-reported "ill at ease" was found in the surveys 2003 and 2013 compared to the previous surveys in this series. In 2013, the knowledge of the etiology of caries was known by about 6o% of the individuals which was similar to that reported 1973 zoo3.Twenty per cent of the individuals stated that they did not know which etiological factors that causes caries.This percentage was equivalent during the period 1973-2013. About 85% of the individuals in all age groups brushed their teeth with fluoride tooth paste at least two times a day.These frequencies have gradually increased during the 40-year period. Around 40% in the age groups 50-8o years used toothpicks regularly in 2013.This is a about 1/3-1/2 less compared to 2003. In the age groups 20-40 years 3-14% used toothpicks for proximal cleaning in 2013. In 2013, about 35% of the individuals never consumed soft drinks, in comparison with 20% in 2003. In the age groups 3-20 years about 20% were consuming soft drinks every day or several times a week, which is a reduction by half compared to 2013
34.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jonkoping, Sweden during 40 years (1973-2013) 2015 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - : Swedish Dental Association. - 0347-9994. ; 39:2, s. 69-86 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this epidemiological study performed in 2013 was to analyze various clinical and radiographic data on oral health and compare the results to those of four cross-sectional studies carried out 1973-2003. In 1973,1983,1993,2003, and 2013 random samples of 1,000;1,104;1,078; 987; and 1,010 individuals, respectively, were studied. The individuals were evenly distributed in the age groups 3,5,10,15, 20,30,40,50, 60,70, and 8o years. Eighty-year-olds were not included in 1973. All subjects were inhabitants of the city of Jonkoping, Sweden.The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, implants, number of teeth, caries, restorations, oral hygiene, calculus, periodontal status, and endodontic treatment.The frequency of edentulous individuals aged 40-70 years was 16,12, 8,1, and 0.3% in 1973,1983,1993, 2003, and 2013, respectively. No complete denture wearer younger than 80-years old was found in 2013. During the 40-year period, the mean number of teeth in the age groups 30-80 years increased. In 2013, the 60-year-olds had nearly complete dentitions. Implants were found in all age groups from 30 years of age. The total number of individuals with implants was 36 in 2013.This was higher than earlier surveys,4 in 1993, and 18 in 2003.The percentage of children and adults without caries and restorations increased during the 40-year period. It was found that the percentage of caries-free 3- and 5-year-olds were 79% and 69%, respectively, of the individuals in 2013. In the age groups 10-20 years, the percentage of caries-free individuals increased between 2003 and 2013. In 2013,43% of the 15-year-olds were completely free from caries and restorations compared to 20% in 2003. In all age groups 5-60 years, DFS was lower in 2013 compared to the earlier examinations. There was no major change in DFS between 2003 and 2013 in the age groups 70 and 80 years. The most obvious change was the decrease in number of FS over the 40 year period of time. Regarding crowned teeth the most clear changes between 1973 to 2013 were the decrease in percentage of crowned teeth in the age goups 4o and 50-year-olds. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth decreased between 1973 and 2013 in all age groups.In age groups-Jo-30-year-olds a major reduction from about 3o% to 15% in mean plaque score was seen between 1973-2003. Only a minor change in plaque score was seen during the last decade. For the age groups 40 years and older, a decrease in the percentage of surfaces with plaque was observed between 2003-2o13.The percentage of tooth sites with gingivitis was for zo years and older about 4o% in 1973. In 2013, the percentage was about15%. The frequency of sites with gingivitis was generally lower in 2013 compared with the other years:1973-1993.The percentage of individuals with probing pocket depths >4mm increased with age. Between 2003-2013 a clear reduction was seen in all age groups in frequency of individuals with probing pocket depth >4mm. Over the 40-year period an increase in the number of individuals with no marginal bone loss and a decrease in the number of subjects with moderate alveolar bone loss were seen.The continuous improvement in oral health and the reduced need of restorative treatment will seriously affect the provision of dental helath care and dental delivery system in the near future.
35.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden, during 40 years (1973-2013) : I. Review of findings on oral care habits and knowledge of oral health. 2015 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 39:2, s. 57-68 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of the this study was to present data on oral care habits and knowledge of oral health in 2013, and to compare these data with results from a series of four previous cross-sectional epidemiological studies. All these studies were carried out in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, in 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003, and 2013. The 1973 study constituted a random sample of 1,000 individuals evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. The same age groups with addition of a group of 80-year-olds were included in the 1983, 1993, 2003, and 2013 studies, which comprised 1,104; 1,078; 987; and 1,010 individuals, respectively.A questionnaire about dental care habits and knowledge of oral health was used. The questionnaire contained the same questions in all the five studies, although some had to be slightly modernised during the 40-year period.During the period 1973–2013, a continous increase of individuals in the age group 20–60 years were treated by the Public Dental Service amounting to about 50%. Almost 70% of the 70- and 80-year-olds were treated by private practitioners. In 2013, 10–20% of the individuals in the age groups 30–40 years did not regularly visit neither Public Dental Service nor a private practitioner. The corresponding figures for the individuals 50–80 years old were 4–7%. Similar number of avoidance was reported in the previous studies.In the survey 2013, about 20–30% of the individuals in the age groups 20–50 felt frightened, sick, or ill at ease at the prospect of an appointment with the dentist. These findings were in agreement with the results from the surveys 1973–2003. Among the younger age groups, 10–15 years, a reduction in self-reported "ill at ease" was found in the surveys 2003 and 2013 compared to the previous surveys in this series.In 2013, the knowledge of the etiology of caries was known by about 60% of the individuals which was similar to that reported 1973–2003. Twenty per cent of the individuals stated that they did not know which etiological factors that causes caries. This percentage was equivalent during the period 1973–2013. About 85% of the individuals in all age groups brushed their teeth with fluoride tooth paste at least two times a day. These frequencies have gradually increased during the 40-year period.Around 40% in the age groups 50–80 years used toothpicks regularly in 2013. This is a about 1/3–1/2 less compared to 2003. In the age groups 20–40 years 3–14% used toothpicks for proximal cleaning in 2013.In 2013, about 35% of the individuals never consumed soft drinks, in comparison with 20% in 2003. In the age groups 3–20 years about 20% were consuming soft drinks every day or several times a week, which is a reduction by half compared to 2013
36.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden during 40 years (1973-2013) : II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings 2015 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 39:2, s. 69-86 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this epidemiological study performed in 2013 was to analyze various clinical and radiographic data on oral health and compare the results to those of four cross-sectional studies carried out 1973–2003. In 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003, and 2013 random samples of 1,000; 1,104; 1,078; 987; and 1,010 individuals, respectively, were studied. The individuals were evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 years. Eighty-year-olds were not included in 1973. All subjects were inhabitants of the city of Jönköping, Sweden.The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, implants, number of teeth, caries, restorations, oral hygiene, calculus, periodontal status, and endodontic treatment.The frequency of edentulous individuals aged 40–70 years was 16, 12, 8, 1, and 0.3% in 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003, and 2013, respectively. No complete denture wearer younger than 80-years old was found in 2013. During the 40-year period, the mean number of teeth in the age groups 30–80 years increased. In 2013, the 60-year-olds had nearly complete dentitions. Implants were found in all age groups from 30 years of age. The total number of individuals with implants was 36 in 2013. This was higher than earlier surveys, 4 in 1993, and 18 in 2003.The percentage of children and adults without caries and restorations increased during the 40-year period. It was found that the percentage of caries-free 3- and 5-year-olds were 79% and 69%, respectively, of the individuals in 2013. In the age groups 10–20 years, the percentage of caries-free individuals increased between 2003 and 2013. In 2013, 43% of the 15-year-olds were completely free from caries and restorations compared to 20% in 2003. In all age groups 5–60 years, DFS was lower in 2013 compared to the earlier examinations. There was no major change in DFS between 2003 and 2013 in the age groups 70 and 80 years. The most obvious change was the decrease in number of FS over the 40- year period of time. Regarding crowned teeth the most clear changes between 1973 to 2013 were the decrease in percentage of crowned teeth in the age goups 40 and 50-year-olds. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth decreased between 1973 and 2013 in all age groups.In age groups 10–30-year-olds a major reduction from about 30% to 15% in mean plaque score was seen between 1973–2003. Only a minor change in plaque score was seen during the last decade. For the age groups 40 years and older, a decrease in the percentage of surfaces with plaque was observed between 2003–2013. The percentage of tooth sites with gingivitis was for 20 years and older about 40% in 1973. In 2013, the percentage was about 15%. The frequency of sites with gingivitis was generally lower in 2013 compared with the other years, 1973–1993.The percentage of individuals with probing pocket depths >4mm increased with age. Between 2003–2013 a clear reduction was seen in all age groups in frequency of individuals with probing pocket depth >4mm. Over the 40-year period an increase in the number of individuals with no marginal bone loss and a decrease in the number of subjects with moderate alveolar bone loss were seen.The continuous improvement in oral health and the reduced need of restorative treatment will seriously affect the provision of dental helath care and dental delivery system in the near future.
37.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Periodontal disease in Norwegian old-age pensioners 2012 Ingår i: Gerodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0734-0664 .- 1741-2358. ; 29:1, s. 4-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: To identify factors of importance for periodontal health and disease on an old-age Norwegian population.Materials and methods: From a random sample of 1152 urban and rural elderly Norwegians, aged 67 years or older, 582 individuals were agreed to participate in the study. After exclusion of edentulous individuals, 394 individuals were remained. A standardised clinical examination was performed by the same examiner. In conjunction with the clinical examination, a questionnaire was filled out regarding demographic and social status, educational level, tobacco habits and general condition.Results: In the examined population, 33% of the subjects had periodontal disease. Out of those, 12% had severe periodontitis, that is, ≥3 periodontal pockets ≥6 mm. All variables were tested separately in a logistic regression model with periodontal pockets 6 mm and above, as the outcome variable. After univariate testing the following variables were included in a multivariate logistic regression model: daily smoking, higher plaque score, rural living and lower education. Only daily smoking remained significantly correlated to periodontal disease in the multivariate model.Conclusions: This study has shown a prevalence of periodontal disease in 33% of the study population. Out of those approximately 12% had more severe periodontitis. Daily tobacco use was the only factor significantly correlated to presence of periodontal disease.
38.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Periodontal status of women taking postmenopausal estrogen supplementation 1993 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 64:10, s. 957-962 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUPPLEMENTARY ESTROGEN intake and periodontal and gingival status in a total of 228 women 50 to 64 years of age was examined. Clinical parameters including visible supragingival plaque, subgingival calculus, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, alveolar bone height measurements, and number of remaining teeth were measured. Gingival status was recorded as gingival bleeding after gentle manipulation. Selected periopathogens, socio-economic, demographic, smoking habits, and health care variables were assessed. Gingival bleeding was significantly lower in the estrogen supplement group (n = 57) compared to the control group (n = 171) (P = 0.009); the estrogen group also exhibited significantly lower visible plaque levels (P = 0.030) and fewer Capnocytophaga-ssp. (P = 0.032). Dental care was more frequent (P < 0.001), and education levels were higher (P = 0.022) in the estrogen group. To investigate whether differences among the above parameters contributed to the difference in gingival bleeding, an age-adjusted analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. The final ANCOVA indicated non-significant relationships for all parameters examined except estrogen intake (P = 0.044). Women taking estrogen exhibited lower gingival bleeding than the control group after correcting for these factors. The results indicate that estrogen supplementation is associated with less gingival bleeding in women aged 50 to 64, as compared to an age-matched control group.
39.	Norderyd, Ola (författare) Risk for periodontal disease in a Swedish adult population. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies over two decades 1998 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. Supplement. - 0348-6672. ; 132, s. 1-67 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
40.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Risk of severe periodontal disease in a Swedish adult population : A longitudinal study 1999 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 26:9, s. 608-615 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for severe periodontal disease progression in a Swedish adult population between the years 1973 and 1988-91. In 1973, a random sample of 474 dentate adults living in Jönköping County was examined clinically and radiographically. A questionnaire on demographic and socio-economic status, general health, and dental care habits was also used. During the years 1988-1991, 361 of the individuals examined in 1973 were re-examined. A total of 506 (6%) teeth or in average 1.4 teeth per subject were lost between the 2 examinations. 4 subjects had become completely edentulous. The mean loss of teeth in the different age groups 20-60 years was 0.2, 0.9, 1.4, 2.3, and 2.6, respectively. The periodontal bone level decreased by age both in 1973 and in 1988-91. The mean annual progression rate was 0.06 mm for all 357 individuals and varied between 0.04 and 0.07 mm per subject in the different age groups. The presence of periodontal disease progression was defined as bone loss of >20% at a proximal site between the 2 examinations. The most prevalent tooth types with bone loss of >20% at proximal sites were the maxillary and mandibular 2nd molars and the 1st maxillary molar, representing a % of 18.0, 12.8, and 13.5, respectively. The degree of association between severe periodontal disease progression and explanatory variables was investigated using logistic regression models. The dependent variable was no progression of periodontal disease or severe periodontal disease progression, i.e., subjects with periodontal bone loss >20% at ≥6 sites. Age was found to be correlated with severe periodontal disease progression by an odds ratio of 1.05 (CI: 1.02-1.07). The frequency of females in the group with severe bone loss was 58% and higher than in the non-progressing group, 50%. Only 9% in the group with no bone loss smoked as compared to 38% in the group of individuals with severe periodontal bone loss. % supragingival plaque, gingival inflammation, and deepened periodontal pockets (≥4 mm) at baseline were related to severe periodontal disease progression by odds ratios of 1.03 (CI: 1.02-1.05), 1.01 (1.00-1.03), and 1.03 (1.00-1.05), respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression model, age (odds ratio 1.13 (CI: 1.06-1.19)), smoking (odds ratio 20.25 (5.07-80.83)), and % pockets ≥4 mm (odds ratio 1.15 (1.04-1.27)) remained significantly associated with severe disease progression. Furthermore, female gender and differences in income level appeared in the multivariate analysis to be related with severe bone loss, with odds ratios of 3.19 (CI: 1.02-9.97) and 8.46 (CI: 1.97-36.37), respectively.
41.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Risk of severe periodontal disease in a Swedish adult population. A cross-sectional study 1998 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 25:12, s. 1022-1028 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this study, potential risk factors for severe periodontal disease were identified in a cross-sectional sample from the county of Jönköping, Sweden. 547 adults 20-70 years of age were categorised clinically and radiographically by level of periodontal disease experience. These levels were used to divide the sample into groups - individuals without any reduction in periodontal bone level (60%) and those with severe periodontal bone loss (13%) - which were then used in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses as dependent variable. Demographic, socio-economic, general health, smoking habits, clinical, and dental care variables were used in the different regression analyses. In the univariate model, age (20-70 years) was found to be correlated with more severe periodontal disease experience (odds ratio: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.10-1.17). The association with periodontal disease was more pronounced for the older age groups (50, 60, and 70 years). A negative financial situation was also related to severe periodontal bone loss when regressed univariately (odds ratio 2.20 [95%: 1.04-4.68]). Moderate-heavy smoking (≥10 cigarettes/day) appeared to be associated with severe periodontal destruction with an odds ratio of 9.78 (95% CI: 3.62-36.42). Of the clinical variables in the univariate model, higher mean levels of supragingival dental plaque and the presence of subgingival calculus were related to more severe periodontal disease with odds ratios of 1.02 (95%: 1.01-1.03) and 2.96 (95%: 1.50-5.88), respectively. When the same variables were regressed multivariately, age (continuous) (odds ratio 1.17 [95% CI: 1.12-1.22]), moderate-heavy smoking (odds ratio 11.84 [95% CI: 4.19-33.50]), and higher mean levels of plaque (odds ratio 1.02 [95% CI: 1.00-1.03]) remained significant. Light smoking (1-9 cigarettes/day) was not significantly associated with severe periodontal disease in the 2 regression models. The present study demonstrated that smoking, greater age, and higher mean levels of plaque are potential risk factors for severe periodontal disease in this specific population.
42.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) The secrets of Jönköping : Why do most 80-year-olds have more than 20 remaining teeth, and why are there very few edentulous? 2018 Ingår i: Translational oral health research. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319782041 - 9783030086411 - 9783319782058 ; , s. 143-149 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Repeated epidemiological studies have been performed in the city of Jonkoping, Sweden, every 10 years since 1973. The studies were initiated in order to describe the changes in oral health in the population. Basic preventive dental care and supplementary programs were extensively performed in the population, especially among children and adolescents. In this population, the percentage of individuals with sound teeth (no caries or restorations) continuously increased each decade. The main finding regarding periodontitis is the significant increase in individuals having no or minimal periodontitis experience. In 2013, 20-60-year-olds had nearly complete dentitions (28 teeth), and the individuals in age groups 70 and 80 years had a mean number of teeth of 23 and 21, respectively. Edentulous individuals having complete dentures in the age groups 40-70 years decreased from approximately every sixth individual in 1973 to none in 2013. The continuous improvement in oral health and the reduced need for restorative treatment will have an impact on dental health-care and dental delivery systems in the near future.
43.	Norderyd, Ola, et al. (författare) Tooth loss and periodontal bone level in individuals of Jönköping County. A comparison between two adult populations living in the city and in the surrounding area 1998 Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 22:4, s. 165-174 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were performed in the community (in this paper changed to city) of Jönköping, Sweden, over a period of 20 years to follow changes in oral health and oral health behaviour. To widen our knowledge about dental health and dental care among the adult population, we expanded the study in 1993 to cover the whole county. The specific aim of the present study was to describe tooth loss (excluding third molars) and periodontal bone level in adult residents of Jönköping County and to compare these two parameters in adults living in the city of Jönköping with the same in adults living in the rest of the county. Random samples of individuals 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years old were selected. A total of 484 persons from the city and 1219 subjects from the rest of the county were examined. A total of 32 (7%) and 27 (2%) persons were completely edentulous in the examined populations from the city and from the rest of the county, respectively. A majority belonged to the older age groups, 60 and 70 years, with 17% of the subjects in the city being edentulous compared with 13% in the rest of the county. The mean number of missing teeth in subjects in the city versus subjects in the rest of the county was 0.75/0.95, 1.37/1.60, 3.34/2.43, 6.34/7.40, and 9.95/10.26 in 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, and 70-year-olds, respectively. Of all the different tooth types, the average number of molars per person decreased the most with increasing age from an average of 7.79/7.83 (city/county) to 3.06/3.09 (city/ county) for 30- and 70-year-olds, respectively. The proportion of subjects without molars was higher in the older age groups in both the city and the rest of the county with 4.8/10.7% and 15.6/22.0% of the 60- and 70-year-olds, respectively, lacking molars. In both populations, the mean periodontal bone level decreased with age. It was concluded that no important differences in tooth loss and periodontal health could be seen between the two populations. When organising dental care, dental health administrators could apply the findings from the population in the city to the entire county.
44.	Park, J. -B, et al. (författare) Periodontal regeneration in class III furcation defects of beagle dogs using guided tissue regenerative therapy with platelet-derived growth factor 1995 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 66:6, s. 462-477 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We developed an effective regenerative therapy, referred to as platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-modulated guided tissue regenerative (GTR) therapy (P-GTR), capable of achieving periodontal regeneration of horizontal (Class III) furcation defects in the beagle dog. To determine its efficacy, repair and regeneration of horizontal furcation defects by P-GTR therapy and GTR therapy were compared. Chronically inflamed horizontal furcation defects were created around the second (P2) and fourth mandibular premolars (P4). After demineralization of the root surfaces with citric acid, the surfaces of left P2 and P4 were treated with PDGF-BB (P-GTR therapy) and those of contralateral teeth were treated with vehicle only (GTR therapy). Periodontal membranes were placed and retained 0.5 mm above the cemento-enamel junction for both groups. The mucoperiosteal flap was sutured in a coronal position and plaque control was achieved by daily irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. At 5, 8, and 11 weeks, two animals each were sacrificed by perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde through the carotid arteries, and the lesions were sliced mesio-distally, demineralized, dehydrated, and embedded. Periodontal healing and regeneration after GTR and P-GTR therapy were compared by histomorphometric as well as morphological analysis. Morphometric analysis for each time period was performed on the pooled samples of P2 and P4. Five weeks after both therapies, the lesions were filled primarily by tissue-free area, epithelium, inflamed tissue, and a small amount of newly formed fibrous connective tissue. At 8 and 11 weeks after P-GTR therapy, there was a statistically greater amount of bone and periodontal ligament formed in the lesions. The newly formed bone filled 80% of the lesion at 8 weeks and 87% at 11 weeks with P-GTR therapy, compared to 14% of the lesion at 8 weeks and 60% at 11 weeks with GTR therapy. Also, with P-GTR therapy there was less epithelium and tissue-free area, less inflamed tissue, and less connective tissue. Morphological analysis indicated that the defects around P2 revealed faster periodontal repair and regeneration than those around P4. While the lesions around P2 were effectively regenerated by 11 weeks even after GTR therapy, those around P4 failed to regenerate. On the other hand, P-GTR therapy further promoted periodontal repair and regeneration so that at 8 weeks the lesions around P2 and P4 demonstrated complete and nearly complete regeneration, respectively. Interestingly, P-GTR therapy stimulated formation of fibrous connective tissue compared to GTR therapy in the early stages of repair, thereby filling the wound space with the tissue and stabilizing the wound. Later, the fibrous connective tissue was found to be mineralized into bone or cementum depending on locations during remodeling. Consequently, P-GTR therapy effectively promoted periodontal regeneration with reproducibility.
45.	Patomella, Lena, et al. (författare) PR156 – Dietary intake in relation to oral health in adults with severe periodontitis 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 45:S19, s. 172-173 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background & Aim: Periodontitis is a chronic disease which can result in progressive loss of the teeth's supportive tissue. About 40% of the world's population is affected by periodontitis of which approximately 10% have a severe form. Periodontitis can affect the dietary intake for diseased individuals due to mobile teeth that making it painful to eat or by missing teeth. The aim of the study was to investigate self-assessed oral health in relation to dietary intake in adult individuals with severe periodontitis treated in specialist-dental care. The aim was also to study self-assessed oral health and dietary intake in relation to the number of teeth, age and sex.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study including 62 participants. The material was collected via questionnaires regarding background and the areas of oral health and dietary intake. Participants were recruited via a special-dental care clinic in Sweden during September 2017. Referred patients diagnosed with severe periodontitis were invited to participate in the study and the participation was confidential. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Mann Whitney U test were used. Alpha was set at p<0.05.Results: Half of the participants reported that their oral health condition constituted an obstacle to eating the foods they wanted. Participants who had ≥20 teeth ate fruits and berries, red meat, fish and poultry more often than participants with fewer teeth. Participants with ≤19 teeth assessed their chewing and biting ability as poorer than individuals with ≥20 teeth.Conclusion: The result shows that a large proportion of the participants with periodontitis experience that their oral health affects dietary intake . Multidisciplinary collaboration between dental care and dietitian clinic could increase the ability to prevent and/or treat further ill-health in individuals with periodontitis that adversely affects the energy and nutritional intake due to oral health condition.Disclosure: No significant relationships.
46.	Pitchika, Vinay, et al. (författare) Factors influencing tooth loss in European populations 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 49:7, s. 642-653 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the changes in the number of teeth present, and the number of healthy or filled surfaces between two time-points.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional data from population-based studies, i.e., the German Oral Health Studies (DMS-III vs DMS-V), the Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-START-0 vs. SHIP-TREND-0), and the Jönköping study (2003 vs. 2013), were analysed. Oaxaca decomposition models were constructed for the outcomes (number of teeth, number of healthy surfaces and number of filled surfaces).RESULTS: The number of teeth increased between examinations [DMS: +2.26 (adults), +4.92 (seniors), SHIP: +1.67, Jönköping: +0.96]. Improvements in education and dental awareness brought a positive change in all outcomes. An increase in powered toothbrushing and interdental cleaning showed a great impact in DMS (adults: +0.25 tooth, +0.78 healthy surface, +0.38 filled surface; seniors: +1.19 teeth, 5.79 healthy surfaces, +0.48 filled surface). Interdental cleaning decreased by 4% between SHIP-START-0 and SHIP-TREND-0, which negatively affected the outcomes.CONCLUSION: From this study, it can be concluded that education may be the most important factor having a direct and indirect effect on the outcomes. However, for better oral health, powered toothbrushing and interdental cleaning should not be neglected.
47.	Riben-Grundstrom, C., et al. (författare) Treatment of peri-implant mucositis using a glycine powder air-polishing or ultrasonic device : A randomized clinical trial 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 42:5, s. 462-469 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AimTo evaluate the clinical treatment effects of a glycine powder air-polishing or ultrasonic device on peri-implant mucositis.Materials and methodsThirty-seven patients with one implant diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis (probing depth ≥4 mm (0.2N) and bleeding on probing (BOP) (primary outcome)) were randomly assigned to treatment with either glycine powder air-polishing (GPAP) or ultrasonic (US) debridement. Treatment was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Professional supra gingival cleaning was performed at 9 and 12 months. Oral hygiene instructions were reinforced at each visit.ResultsAt 12 months there was a statistically significant reduction in mean plaque score, bleeding on probing and number of periodontal pockets ≥4 mm within the treatment groups compared to baseline. The percentages of diseased sites were significantly reduced for both groups.ConclusionsTreatment with a glycine powder air-polishing or an ultrasonic device is effective in non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis.
48.	Sayardoust, Shariel, et al. (författare) Clinical, radiological, and gene expression analyses in smokers and non-smokers, Part 2 : RCT on the late healing phase of osseointegration 2017 Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 19:5, s. 901-915 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The mechanisms behind the impact of smoking on osseointegration are not fully understood.Purpose: To investigate the initial clinical and molecular course of osseointegration of different implants in smokers and non-smokers in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).Materials and Methods: Smoking (n = 16) and non-smoking (n = 16) patients received 3 implant types: machined, oxidized, and laser-modified surfaces. Baseline bone biopsies were retrieved from the implant sites. After 60 and 90 days, the pain score, implant stability quotient (ISQ), and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) gene expression were analyzed. Furthermore, radiological and clinical assessments were made at 90 days.Results: At 90 days, no pain was reported, irrespective of smoking habit. A higher ISQ was found in smokers compared with non-smokers. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was greater in smokers than in non-smokers. The comparison of implant surfaces revealed greater MBL exclusively at the machined implants in smokers. At 90 days in smokers, the PICF around machined implants revealed a higher expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and a lower expression of the osteogenic gene, osteocalcin (OC), compared with the PICF around modified implants. Furthermore, OC expression was lower at machined implants in smokers compared with machined implants in non-smokers. After adjustment for age and implant location (maxilla/mandible), multivariate regression revealed the following predictors of MBL: smoking, bleeding on probing at 90 days, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression at baseline and IL-6 expression in PICF at 90 days.Conclusions: During the early phase of osseointegration, non-smokers and smokers present a similar, high implant survival. In contrast, smokers present a greater MBL, particularly at machined implants. HIF-1α baseline expression in the recipient bone and IL-6 expression in PICF cells are important molecular determinants for MBL after 90 days. It is concluded that smoking has an early effect on osseointegration, which is dependent on the implant surface properties and the local host response.
49.	Sayardoust, Shariel, 1979, et al. (författare) Implant-associated gene expression in the jaw bone of smokers and nonsmokers: A human study using quantitative qPCR 2018 Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 29:9, s. 937-953 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the molecular events in implant-adherent cells and in peri-implant bone during the osseointegration of machined and oxidized titanium implants in smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and MethodsTwenty-four smokers and 24 nonsmokers each received machined and anodically oxidized mini-implants. The mini-implants and the surrounding bone were retrieved after 1, 7, and 28days, for gene expression analysis of selected factors using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). ResultsDifferences between machined and oxidized implants were more evident in the implant-adherent cells than the peri-implant bone. The machined implants revealed higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8) (in nonsmokers), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (in nonsmokers and smokers), compared with the oxidized implants. Conversely, the expression of bone formation genes, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, was generally higher at the oxidized implants. In smokers, the temporal pattern revealed the delayed and initial inhibition of osteoblastic and osteoclastic gene expression, respectively, mainly at the machined implants. In contrast, oxidized implants revealed higher expression of bone remodeling, cathepsin K (CatK) and calcitonin receptor, and coupling, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin, genes after 7day in smokers. ConclusionsThe implant-adherent cells are more sensitive to surface properties and smoking conditions than the cells in the peri-implant bone. Smoking imposes inhibitory effects on the initial molecular events of osseointegration in the human bone-implant interface. The surface properties of oxidized implants appear to have a beneficial effect on osseointegration by mitigating the smoking-induced negative effects.
50.	Slotte, Christer, 1954, et al. (författare) A randomized study of open-flap surgery of 32 intrabony defects with and without adjunct bovine bone mineral treatment 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 83:8, s. 999-1007 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Bovine bone mineral (BBM) is extensively used as a filler material in periodontal reconstructive surgery of intrabony defects. Data are mostly available on the combined use of BBM with other biomaterials. The aim of this study is to evaluate healing after open-flap debridement (OF) of intrabony periodontal defects alone or with adjunct treatment with BBM.Methods: After initial treatment, 32 patients with 32 intrabony periodontal defects participated in the study. Full-thickness flaps were raised and root surfaces and defects were debrided. Patients were then randomly assigned to treatment groups, either OF alone or combined with defect fill with BBM, and followed in a strict postoperative maintenance care program for 12 months.Results: At 12 months, a mean ± SE gingival recession of 1.1 ± 0.3 mm in OF and 0.9 ± 0.4 mm in BBM occurred. Probing depth reduction was 4.0 ± 0.5 mm in OF and 3.2 ± 0.7 mm in BBM. Gain in clinical attachment level was 2.8 ± 0.6 mm in OF and 2.3 ± 0.8 mm in BBM. Probing bone level was reduced by 2.7 ± 0.7 mm in OF and 1.8 ± 1.1 mm in BBM. None of the above parameters showed significant intergroup differences. In contrast, radiographic defect depth change was significantly greater in BBM (3.4 ± 2.3 mm) than in OF (1.9 ± 1.7 mm).Conclusions: Both treatments resulted in improved periodontal conditions. The adjunctive use of BBM in this study did not enhance the clinical result compared to OF alone.

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