| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Emdin, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
SweDCIS: Radiotherapy after sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Results of a randomised trial in a population offered mammography screening.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 45:5, s. 536-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) after breast sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The study protocol stipulated radical surgery but microscopically clear margins were not mandatory. We randomised 1,046 operated women to postoperative RT or control between 1987 and 1999. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral local recurrence. Secondary endpoints were contralateral breast cancer, distant metastasis and death. After a median follow-up of 5.2 years (range 0.1-13.8) there were 44 recurrences in the RT group corresponding to a cumulative incidence of 0.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-0.10). In the control group there were 117 recurrences giving a cumulative incidence of 0.22 (95% CI 0.18-0.26) giving an overall hazard ratio of 0.33 (95% CI 0.24-0.47, p < 0.0001). Twenty two percent of the patients had microscopically unknown or involved margins. We found no evidence for different effects of RT on the relative risk of invasive or in situ recurrence. Secondary endpoints did not differ. Women undergoing sector resection for DCIS under conditions of population based screening mammography benefit from postoperative RT to the breast. Seven patients needed RT-treatment to prevent one recurrence.
|
|
| 4. |
- Eriksson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
New experimental characterisation methods for solid biomass fuels to be used in combined heat and power generation
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. - Stockholm : Swedish Bioenergy Association (SVEBIO). - 9789197762403 ; , s. 264-273
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The replacement of fossil fuels will lead to an increasing demand for unconventional biofuels. Fuel characterisation to predict combustion properties and facilitate the choice of combustion applications is important to avoid costly and time-consuming mistakes. Traditional methods are developed mainly for coal. Therefore procedures adapted specifically for solid biomass fuels are needed. This work is a survey on approaches for combustion characterisation of biomass developed during the last ten years. Innovative characterisation methods of interest concern: 1) Fuel handling behaviour: grindablility, erosion and abrasion properties. 2) Combustion characterisation: devolatilisation properties (important for ignition and flame stability), char burnout time. 3) Slagging and fouling properties of ash: ash particle formation, ash particle size distribution, ash composition, melting and gasification temperatures, slagging of bottom ash, reducing the risk by mixing with other fuels or using fuel additives and choice of suitable combustion applications for specific fuels. The main conclusions are: 1) a method to measure grindability which takes electric power consumption into account is needed as the Hardgrove Grindability Index used for coal grinding is pointless for biofuels, 2) there is a need to develop convenient low-cost methods to measure slagging and fouling tendencies, devolatilisation kinetcs and char burnout for high heating rates found in fluidised beds and powder burners.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fredriksson, I, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery
- 2003
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 90:9, s. 1093-1102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is not clear whether risk factors for local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery differ in women having surgery for in situ or invasive cancer. Furthermore, the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and Nottingham Histological Grade (NHG) have been little studied as determinants of local recurrence risk. Method: In a case-control study (491 cases and 1098 controls) nested within a cohort of 7502 women who had surgery for in situ or invasive cancer of the breast, patient characteristics, tumour characteristics and treatment-related variables were evaluated as risk factors for local recurrence. Results: Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses showed that age below 40 years, tumour multicentricity and an unclear or unknown surgical margin were significant risk factors for local recurrence. Radiotherapy to the breast and adjuvant hormone therapy were protective. Cancer in situ was not associated with a higher risk of local recurrence than invasive cancer (odds ratio 1.0, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.8 to 1.3). NHG and NPI were not helpful in determining risk of local recurrence. Conclusion: Margin status, age, tumour multicentricity, and use of radiotherapy and adjuvant hormone therapy were important determinants of risk of local recurrence. With the exception of surgical margin, variables related to the quality of surgical management did not predict risk of local recurrence.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kjeldgaard, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Intramolecular vibronic dynamics in molecular solids: C60
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 72:20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibronic coupling in solid C60 has been investigated with a combination of resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RPES) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). Excitation as a function of energy within the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital resonance yielded strong oscillations in intensity and dispersion in RPES, and a strong inelastic component in RIXS. Reconciling these two observations establishes that vibronic coupling in this core hole excitation leads to predominantly inelastic scattering and localization of the excited vibrations on the molecule on a femtosecond time scale. The coupling extends throughout the widths of the frontier valence bands.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kodeda, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional Differences in Local Recurrence Rates after Rectal Cancer Surgery.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. - : Wiley. - 1463-1318.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aim To analyse a substantial regional difference in local failure rate after rectal cancer surgery focusing on management. Methods National, population-based, prospective registry data were used, including comprehensive five year follow-up of 3,783 patients operated on in the period 1998-2000. Local recurrence rates were compared using crude rate, Kaplan-Meier estimates and competing risk methodology. Resected patients (651 regional and 3,132 national) were analysed and subgroup comparisons of management were performed. Results The crude local recurrence rate was 13.7 percent in the regional cohort and 7.1 percent in the national cohort. The absolute difference of 6.6 percent may partly be explained by systematic errors of underreporting (
|
|
| 8. |
- Li, Wei, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Induction of cell death by the lysosomotropic detergent MSDH
- 2000
-
Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 470:1, s. 35-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controlled lysosomal rupture was initiated in lysosome-rich, macrophage-like cells by the synthetic lysosomotropic detergent, O-methyl-serine dodecylamide hydrochloride (MSDH). When MSDH was applied at low concentrations, resulting in partial lysosomal rupture, activation of pro-caspase-3-like proteases and apoptosis followed after some hours. Early during apoptosis, but clearly secondary to lysosomal destabilization, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential declined. At high concentrations, MSDH caused extensive lysosomal rupture and necrosis. It is suggested that lysosomal proteases, if released to the cytosol, may cause apoptosis directly by pro-caspase activation and/or indirectly by mitochondrial attack with ensuing discharge of pro-apoptotic factors.
|
|
| 9. |
- Modin, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Closed source experimental system for soft x-ray spectroscopy of radioactive materials
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 79:9, s. 093103-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An instrumental and experimental setup for soft x-ray spectroscopy meeting the requirements of a closed source for radioactivity is described. The system consists of a vacuum sealed cell containing the sample, mounted on a tubing system to ensure compatibility with most standard manipulators. The soft x rays penetrate a thin x-ray window separating the interior of the cell from the vacuum in the experimental chamber. Our first results for single crystal PuO2 confirm the feasibility of experiments using the setup. The results are consistent with results of first principles calculations and previously recorded spectra obtained using a standard open source setup. The results show that the closed source experimental system can be used to collect valuable experimental data from radioactive materials.
|
|
| 10. |
- Nordgren, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term health-enhancing physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis - the PARA 2010 study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 12:1, s. 397-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer increased risk of disability and premature mortality. Health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) could be one important factor to reduce this risk. Rising health care costs call for the development and evaluation of new modes of rehabilitation, including physical activity in settings outside the health care system. METHODS: This cohort study targets 450 patients with RA that do not currently meet HEPA recommendations, recruited from six hospitals reporting to the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Registers (SRQ). We have developed a two-year real-life intervention program including a minimum of twice-weekly circuit training, moderately intense physical activity the remaining days of the week and group meetings to support behavior change every other week. Our hypothesis is that increased physical activity and exercise will improve perceived health, reduce pain and fatigue, increase muscle function and aerobic capacity, impact psychosocial factors and prevent future cardiovascular events. Research questions regard outcomes, retention rates, dose-response matters and the exploration of responder characteristics. This protocol outlines recruitment procedure, design, assessment methods and the intervention program of the study. DISCUSSION: The PARA 2010 project is designed to expand the knowledge on HEPA in RA by a progressive approach regarding population, setting, intervention, time frames and outcome measures. To our knowledge this is the first long-term HEPA program based on Social Cognitive Theory, and performed in a real life environment to demonstrate if this new setting can promote increased and maintained physical activity in people with RA. Trial registration number ISRCTN25539102.
|
|
| 11. |
- Nordgren, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
Postpolio muscular dysfunction : relationships between muscle energy metabolism, subjective symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography, and muscle strength
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 20:11, s. 1341-1351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eleven patients with previous polio were studied. The concentration of energy-related metabolites and energy charge was measured from the vastus lateralis muscle, as was isometric muscle strength of knee extension. Cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris muscle was calculated from magnetic resonance imaging. Reinnervation was studied using macroelectromyography. Muscle weakness, pain, and newly acquired muscle weakness in the legs was estimated by the patients. The findings in the legs in which the patients experienced new loss of muscle function were compared with the stable legs. There were no significant differences between these groups in any of the objectively measured variables. Only hip pain correlated with new loss of muscle function. Creatine phosphate was decreased in 5 patients. The symptoms and subjective muscle strength did not correlate with any of the objective measurements. There were no significant relationships between energy-related metabolites and postpolio symptoms.
|
|
| 12. |
- Nordgren, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Societal services after traumatic spinal cord injury in Sweden
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - 1651-2081. ; 35:3, s. 121-126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article describes a survey of the societal services in Sweden that are available after a spinal cord injury. These services are allocated to allow independence and financial compensation. I have investigated the kinds of services that are available. I have also interviewed 34 of a total incidence population of 48 people, to find out which services were applied for, and to describe the levels of satisfaction with the application process and resource allocation. The article identifies about 25 separate services, the most commonly applied for being "transportation service". Social workers are the most common source of information. The number of applications made within one year early after injury were investigated a found to be about 5 per person (range 0-11). The information about a service is critical and for 13 available services at least 1 individual reported ignorance of its existence. An application for a service is no guarantee for allocation. Seventeen per cent of the applications were partially or totally rejected. The study concludes that significant resources are allocated for individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury. Despite this, the system creates frustration and disappointment.
|
|
| 13. |
- Nordgren, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Societal services after traumatic spinal cord injury in Sweden
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 35:3, s. 121-126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Societal services after traumatic spinal cord injury in Sweden were investigated, including self-rated levels of satisfaction with the application process and resource allocation.DESIGN: Survey of an incidence population.SUBJECTS: Thirty-four persons of a total regional incidence population (n = 48) with traumatic spinal cord injury.METHODS: Structured interviews using a standardized questionnaire.RESULTS: About 25 separate services were identified being available for persons with traumatic spinal cord injury. The average number of applications per person was 5 (range 0-11). The most common service was "transportation service". Of the applications, 17% were partially or totally rejected. Most subjects received information about available services from a social worker. For 13 available services at least 1 subject claimed ignorance about its existence.CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden, significant resources are allocated for allowing independence and financial compensation for individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury. However, this support system sometimes also results in frustration and disappointment. Insufficient information and co-ordination are reported as weaknesses. The persons' efforts to acquire knowledge of how the system works take time which could be better used for rehabilitation and full integration into the community.
|
|
| 14. |
- Novotny, Ann, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
A pharmacological analysis of the cholinergic regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 secretion in the human colon cancer cell line, HT-29
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 646:1-3, s. 22-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is an important factor for tumour cell invasion and metastasis. We recently showed that acetylcholine is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for the human colon cancer cell line, HT-29, in part via the α7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In the current study, we investigated whether acetylcholine participates in the regulation of the protein expressions of also uPA and its receptor (uPAR) in the HT-29 cell line. Such were investigated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, and quantitation of uPA secretion was undertaken by ELISA. Stimulation of the cells for 24 h with nicotine caused increased uPA secretion with peak effect (78% above the control) occurring at a nicotine concentration of 10 nM. This effect was markedly inhibited by α-Bungarotoxin, thus showing the involvement of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Basal uPA secretion was found to be partly dependent on ongoing activation of nicotinic receptors, suggesting tonic production of acetylcholine. Conversely, there was no cholinergic influence on the expression of uPAR. The current findings demonstrate novel aspects of receptor-mediated regulation of tumour metastatic potential via uPA secretion. This may suggest future pharmaceutical strategies in treatment of colorectal cancer.
|
|
| 15. |
- Novotny, Ann, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
A pharmacological analysis of the cholinergic regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator secretion in the human colon cancer cell line, HT-29.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European journal of pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0712 .- 0014-2999. ; 646:1-3, s. 22-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is an important factor for tumour cell invasion and metastasis. We recently showed that acetylcholine is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for the human colon cancer cell line, HT-29, in part via the alpha7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In the current study, we investigated whether acetylcholine participates in the regulation of the protein expressions of also uPA and its receptor (uPAR) in the HT-29 cell line. Such were investigated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting, and quantitation of uPA secretion was undertaken by ELISA. Stimulation of the cells for 24h with nicotine caused increased uPA secretion with peak effect (78% above the control) occurring at a nicotine concentration of 10nM. This effect was markedly inhibited by alpha-Bungarotoxin, thus showing the involvement of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Basal uPA secretion was found to be partly dependent on ongoing activation of nicotinic receptors, suggesting tonic production of acetylcholine. Conversely, there was no cholinergic influence on the expression of uPAR. The current findings demonstrate novel aspects of receptor-mediated regulation of tumour metastatic potential via uPA secretion. This may suggest future pharmaceutical strategies in treatment of colorectal cancer.
|
|
| 16. |
- Novotny, Ann, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Is acetylcholine a signaling molecule for human colon cancer progression?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 46:4, s. 446-455
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Non-neuronal acetylcholine (ACh) has been suggested to be a mediator for the development of various types of cancer. We analyzed a possible role for this molecule in carcinogenesis and/or progression of human colon cancer, in patient biopsies harvested from the colon during surgery. We addressed whether ACh synthesis (by choline acetyltransferase) and/or degradation (by ACh esterase), as well as the expression of the alpha alpha 7-subtype of the nicotinic ACh receptors, and the peptide ligand at the alpha alpha 7 receptors, secreted mammalian Ly6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related protein-1, respectively, are deranged in tumor tissue as compared with macroscopically tumor-free colon tissue. Methods. A total of 38 patients were grouped for analysis based on their respective Dukes stage (either Dukes A ++ B or C ++ D). A mucosal tissue sample was harvested from macroscopically tumor-free colon tissue (i.e. control tissue), as well as from the tumor, and protein lysates were prepared for quantitative Western blotting. Full-thickness specimens were taken for immunohistochemistry. Results. For all the above named markers, there was a significant difference between control and tumor tissue with regard to protein levels, and there was, in addition, a significant difference in protein levels between the Dukes A ++ B and C ++ D groups. Conclusion. The current findings may suggest a role for ACh in colon carcinogenesis/cancer progression; the data obtained could have prognostic and/or therapeutic significance for this disease.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Nylund, Gunnar, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression of P2Y2 purinoceptors in MCG 101 murine sarcoma cells, and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Autonomic neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1566-0702. ; 112:1-2, s. 69-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated how agonists at purinoceptors may affect tumour cell metabolism. This was investigated in vitro in tumour cell lines by microphysiometry, which method monitors extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), on-line. The cell lines investigated were the murine sarcoma, MCG 101, and the human colon cancer, HT-29. In MCG 101, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) or uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) caused a concentration-dependent increase in ECAR, most likely due to the ligation of P2Y(2) receptors, which response was blocked by suramin. In HT-29, ATP or UTP elicited a concentration-dependent, biphasic change in ECAR (increase/decrease). The pharmacological analysis suggests the involvement of P2Y(2) receptors, although other P2 receptor subtypes cannot be entirely excluded. This biphasic response to UTP or ATP was resistant to suramin. The expression of P2Y(2) receptors was demonstrated in both cell lines by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. The current study, thus, shows the functional and morphological expression of a purinoceptor subtype with partly different effects on metabolism in two different tumour cell lines.
|
|
| 21. |
- Nylund, Gunnar, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional expression of mu-opioid receptors in the human colon cancer cell line, HT-29, and their localization in human colon.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Digestive diseases and sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 53:2, s. 461-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the functional expression of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in the human colon cancer cell line, HT-29. As revealed by immunocytochemistry, immunoreactivity was present in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of the cells. Challenge with morphine for 24 h (1 nM to 1 microM) barely affected cell proliferation, while the secretion of urokinase type plasminogen activator (a protease involved in invasion/metastasis) was markedly augmented by a concentration of 0.1 microM. Human colon cancer tissue from 14 consecutively operated patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry. MORs were found in the nuclei of colonocytes and immune cells of the lamina propria in tumor-free tissue. In tumor tissue, immunoreactivity was found in the membrane and often in the nuclei of tumor cells. The current findings suggest that morphine administration could affect tumor progression by interfering with, for example, invasive properties. Our demonstration of a nuclear expression of the MORs appears to be a novel finding.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Pettersson, Ann, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Is acetylcholine an autocrine/paracrine growth factor via the nicotinic alpha7-receptor subtype in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European journal of pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0712 .- 0014-2999. ; 609:1-3, s. 27-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used immunochemistry to demonstrate expression of acetylcholine's nicotinic alpha7-receptor subtype in human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Moreover, RT-PCR and immunochemistry showed that choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine esterase, the enzymes responsible for acetylcholine synthesis and degradation, respectively, localise in HT-29 cells. Bromoacetylcholine bromide, an inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase, significantly attenuated basal cell growth. Our findings suggest that acetylcholine might serve as an autocrine/paracrine-or speculatively, even intracrine-signalling molecule in cell line HT-29, thus contributing to carcinogenesis/cancer progression.
|
|
| 24. |
- Pettersson, Ann, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Nicotine induced modulation of SLURP-1 expression in human colon cancer cells.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7484 .- 1566-0702. ; 148:1-2, s. 97-100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The secreted mammalian Ly-6/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-related protein-1 (SLURP-1) is an endogenous ligand at the alpha 7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). SLURP-1 has anti-tumourigenic properties. In the current study, we demonstrate that the challenge of HT-29 human colon cancer cells with nicotine for 24 h to increase cell growth via the alpha 7nAChRs, caused a marked reduction of the protein expression of SLURP-1. We suggest that there is an interplay between acetylcholine and SLURP-1 in the HT-29 cells, both molecules serving as autocrine growth controlling ligands at the alpha 7nAChR, where acetylcholine regulates the release of SLURP-1.
|
|
| 25. |
- Ringberg, Anita, et al.
(författare)
-
Histopathological risk factors for ipsilateral breast events after breast conserving treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast--results from the Swedish randomised trial.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 43:2, s. 291-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The primary aims were to study risk factors for an ipsilateral breast event (IBE) after sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) in a trial comparing adjuvant radiotherapy to no therapy and to assess predictive factors for response to radiotherapy. Secondary aims were to analyse reproducibility of the histopathological evaluation and to estimate correctness of diagnosis in the trial. SETTING: A randomised trial in Sweden (the SweDCIS trial), including 1046 women with a median of 5.2 years of follow-up in a population, offered routine mammographic screening. METHODS: A case-cohort design with a total of 161 cases of IBE (42 of those being members of the subcohort) and 284 sampled for the sub-cohort. Ninety five percent of the participants' slides could be retrieved and were re-evaluated by three experienced pathologists. RESULTS: Low nuclear grade (NG 1-2) and absence of necrosis halves the risk of IBE in both irradiated and non-irradiated patients. Lesion size, margins of excision and age at diagnosis did not modify these associations. The presence of necrosis modified the effect of radiotherapy: relative risk was 0.40 with necrosis present and 0.07 with necrosis absent (p-value for interaction 0.068). In all subsets of prognostic factors, radiotherapy conferred a substantial benefit. The risk factors for in situ and invasive IBE were similar. The agreement between pathologists was moderate (kappa=0.486). Correctness of diagnosis in the subcohort of SweDCIS was 84.8%. CONCLUSION: Although nuclear grade and necrosis carry prognostic information, we could not define a group with very low risk after sector resection alone. Radiotherapy has a protective effect in all substrata of risk factors studied. The interaction between the presence of necrosis and radiotherapy is a clinically and biologically relevant research area.
|
|
| 26. |
- Schiöler, Katarina, 1967-
(författare)
-
Kurskonstruktörer i ett målstyrt system : En studie av hur två lärare planerar en gymnasiekurs i historia
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this study is planning for the school subject History in the Swedish upper secondary school. In a goal-oriented educational system teachers have – to some extent – the possibility to interpret and decide how the formal curriculum should be realized in practice. The starting point of this study is the claim that planning is a complex process and that more knowledge is needed about its implementation in today´s school.The planning of the History syllabus, as planned and performed by two teachers in upper secondary schools has been studied during one term with special emphasis on the teachers´ planning related to the national documents.Starting from the teachers´ description of their planning, a model that seems to be a relevant tool to help describe and analyse central aspects of planning, has been used. Their planning has also been described by the help of various concepts and perspectives. The study includes, among other things: the teachers´ selection of story and organizing principle, the measure of intention when planning for the goals in the formal curriculum, the selection of various analytical tools, the teaching for resonance, the planning for transparency and progression of the assessment, the selection of assessment tools and the basis for assessment.The study has also included the issue of whether the goals in the formal curriculum have primarily been interpreted in a general manner or related to the special school subject History, and to what extent the goals in the formal curriculum have been integrated in the didactic decisions made in order to plan teaching and evaluation.
|
|
| 27. |
- Segersten, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase expression in breast cancer and use of non-hydroxylated vitamin D analogue
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 7, s. R980-R986
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:The cytochrome P450 mitochondrial enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-hydroxylase) of renal tubule cells hydroxylates the major circulating form of vitamin D (25(OH)D3) to the active systemic hormone 1,25(OH)2D3. Local production of 1,25(OH)2D3 appears to occur also at other sites where 1alpha-hydroxylase is expressed for autocrine/paracrine regulation. To reduce risks of hypercalcemia during treatment with vitamin D, we have previously suggested use of non-1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogues to target tissues where 1alpha-hydroxylase is expressed, including the parathyroid glands in secondary hyperparathyroidism. The present study was undertaken to examine expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase in breast cancer and to investigate whether a non-1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogue displayed biological function. In addition, expression of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (24-hydroxylase) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was investigated.METHODS:The expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase, 24-hydroxylase and VDR was investigated in breast cancer specimens (n = 19) and normal breast tissues (n = 10) by immunohistochemistry and/or RT-PCR. Consecutive cryosections of 6 mum essentially free of immune cells were used in the analyses. The effect of vitamin D analogues on transcriptional activation was analyzed in transiently transfected MCF-7 breast cancer cells.RESULTS:1alpha-hydroxylase protein was demonstrated in 79% and 100% of breast cancer specimens and normal breast, respectively. The overall relative mRNA levels of 1alpha-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase in normal breast compared to breast tumors were: 1alpha-hydroxylase, 1 +/- 0.07 versus 0.7 +/- 0.05, respectively (p < 0.001); 24-hydroxylase, 1 +/- 0.08 verus 2.1 +/- 0.2, respectively (p < 0.001). The VDR was expressed in 95% of the tumors as expected, with mRNA levels of 1 +/- 0.09 and 1.4 +/- 0.12 (p < 0.05) in breast cancer and normal breast, respectively. The ketoconazole-sensitive transcription activation potential of the non-1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogue prodrug of EB1089 (EB1285) was demonstrated in MCF-7 cells, which express 1alpha-hydroxylase. The activity of EB1285 was about 20% of 1,25(OH)2D3.CONCLUSION:These results demonstrate nearly normal expression levels of 1alpha-hydroxylase, 24-hydroxylase and VDR in the majority of investigated breast cancer specimens. A non-1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogue displayed activity in breast cancer cells. Such analogues may present future therapeutic options for proliferative disorders where 1alpha-hydroxylase is expressed.
|
|
| 28. |
- Smith, Mike K., et al.
(författare)
-
Model Description Language (MDL) : A Standard for Modeling and Simulation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: CPT. - : WILEY. - 2163-8306. ; 6:10, s. 647-650
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent work on Model Informed Drug Discovery and Development (MID3) has noted the need for clarity in model description used in quantitative disciplines such as pharmacology and statistics. 1-3 Currently, models are encoded in a variety of computer languages and are shared through publications that rarely include original code and generally lack reproducibility. The DDMoRe Model Description Language (MDL) has been developed primarily as a language standard to facilitate sharing knowledge and understanding of models.
|
|
