| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 4. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andéhn, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Facets of country image and brand equity : Revisiting the role of product categories in country-of-origin effect research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Behaviour. - : Wiley. - 1472-0817 .- 1479-1838. ; 15:3, s. 225-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The country-of-origin effect is a topic central to the field of international marketing. Country of origin has been found to exert a particularly potent effect on consumer evaluation in situations where there is a strong link between a country and a particular product category. The present study provides further insight into how this particular effect can be understood. Drawing on a novel conceptualization of how country image and product categories interact, this study tested the relative evaluative relevance of product category with respect to estimates of brand equity across a variety of product categories. The findings suggest that facets of a country's image that are more closely related to the evaluation situation exert a greater influence on the evaluation of brands. This result encourages scholars as well as practitioners to re-evaluate which situations might cause the country of origin effect to hold managerial relevance and paves the way for new paths toward a more comprehensive understanding of the effect.
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| 7. |
- Andéhn, Mikael, 1982-
(författare)
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Place-of-Origin Effects on Brand Equity : Explicating the evaluative pertinence of product categories and association strength
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The country-of-origin effect - the alteration of judgment derived from an association to a place, is a much studied phenomenon with great potential implications for brand management and international marketing. However, in light of criticism towards the lack of conceptual development the extant literature, the relevance of the effect has been brought into question.Through an exploration of the psychology of the association between brands and places, the country-of-origin effect is reimagined focusing on the role of association strength as well as how the interplay between place and product categories can shape consumer attitudes.The results of a series of psychometric tests suggest that association strength and the interplay between place and product category constitute antecedent conditions that are crucial for determining if a country-of-origin effect will occur. These findings, and their implications for future research as well as for practice, suggest that a reevaluation of the country-of-origin effect with a widening of the scope to encompass the commercial relevance of place writ large is warranted.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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A co-simulation method for system-level simulation of fluid-structure couplings in hydraulic percussion units
- 2017
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Ingår i: Engineering with Computers. - : SPRINGER. - 0177-0667 .- 1435-5663. ; 33:2, s. 317-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses a co-simulation method for fluid power driven machinery equipment, i.e. oil hydraulic machinery. In these types of machinery, the fluid-structure interaction affects the end-product performance to a large extent, hence an efficient co-simulation method is of high importance. The proposed method is based on a 1D system model representing the fluid components of the hydraulic machinery, within which structural 3D Finite Element (FE) models can be incorporated for detailed simulation of specific sub-models or complete structural assemblies. This means that the fluid system simulation will get a more accurate structural response, and that the structural simulation will get more correct fluid loads at every time step, compared to decoupled analysis. Global system parameters such as fluid flow, performance and efficiency can be evaluated from the 1D system model simulation results. From the 3D FE-models, it is possible to evaluate displacements, stresses and strains to be used in stress analysis, fatigue evaluation, acoustic analysis, etc. The method has been implemented using two well-known simulation tools for fluid power system simulations and FE-simulations, respectively, where the interface between the tools is realised by use of the Functional Mock-up Interface standard. A simple but relevant model is used to validate the method.
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| 9. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for identification, assessment and prioritization of climate change adaptation measures for roads and railways
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe accidents and high costs associated with weather-related events already occur in today’s climate. Unless preventive measures are taken, the costs are expected to increase in future due to ongoing climate change. However, the risk reduction measures are costly as well and may result in unwanted impacts. Therefore, it is important to identify, assess and prioritize which measures are necessary to undertake, as well as where and when these are to be undertaken. To be able to make such evaluations, robust (scientifically based), transparent and systematic assessments and valuations are required. This article describes a framework to assess the cause-and-effect relationships and how to estimate the costs and benefits as a basis to assess and prioritize measures for climate adaptation of roads and railways. The framework includes hazard identification, risk analysis and risk assessment, identification, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of possible risk reduction measures and a step regarding distribution-, goal-and sensitivity analyses. The results from applying the framework shall be used to prioritize among potential risk reduction measures as well as when to undertake them.
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| 10. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Metod och effektsamband för identifiering, bedömning och prioritering av åtgärder för klimatanpassning av vägar och järnvägar : en förstudie
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med den förstudie som redovisas i denna rapport var att ta fram grunden för en metod till stöd för Trafikverkets planering av klimatanpassningsåtgärder för väg och järnväg. Rapporten fokuserar på effektsamband för identifiering, bedömning och prioritering av åtgärder för klimatanpassning av vägar och järnvägar. Metoden och resultaten som presenteras i denna rapport är baserade på litteraturstudier och intervjuer med experter inom väg och järnvägsområdet.I rapporten beaktas de konsekvenser och risker som förväntas uppkomma till följd av klimatrelaterade händelser, exempelvis den konsekvens som uppstår vid en specifik klimatrelaterad händelse, såsom de konsekvenser som uppstår vid ett specifikt översvämningsdjup, och åtgärder som kan vidtas för att minska sannolikheten för negativa konsekvenser samt de negativa konsekvenserna i sig.För att bedöma eller beräkna hur stor risken är krävs kännedom om sannolikheten för att en viss klimatrelaterad händelse ska inträffa under en given period, samt storlek och typ av skada. Skadekostnaden är summan av försenings- och/eller avstängningskostnad som kan innefatta omledningskostnader och kostnader för byte mellan transportslag med mera samt återställningskostnad. Dessutom ingår även skador på människor och miljön som kan uppkomma till följd av händelsen, till exempel vid skred.
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| 11. |
- Axin, Mikael, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Next Generation Simulation Software using Transmission Line Elements
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fluid Power and Motion Control. - : Centre for Power Transmission and Motion Control. - 9781861971814 ; , s. 265-276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A suitable method for simulating large complex dynamic systems is represented by distributed modelling using transmission line elements. The method is applicable to all physical systems, such as mechanical, electrical and pneumatics, but is particularly well suited to simulate systems where wave propagation is an important issue, for instance hydraulic systems. By using this method, components can be numerically isolated from each other, which provide highly robust numerical properties. It also enables the use of multi-core architecture since a system model can be composed by distributed simulations of subsystems on different processor cores.Technologies based on transmission lines has successfully been implemented in the HOPSAN simulation package, develop at Linköping University. Currently, the next generation of HOPSAN is developed using an object-oriented approach. The work is focused on compatibility, execution speed and real-time simulation in order to facilitate hardware-in-the-loop applications. This paper presents the work progress and some possible features in the new version of the HOPSAN simulation package.
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| 12. |
- Berglund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Regulates Osteopontin Expression in Arterial Smooth Muscle in Response to Diabetes-Induced Hyperglycemia
- 2010
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Ingår i: ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY. - Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1079-5642. ; 30, s. 154-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-Hyperglycemia is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recently, we reported that high glucose activates the Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in arteries ex vivo. Here, we sought to determine whether hyperglycemia activates NFAT in vivo and whether this leads to vascular complications. Methods and Results-An intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test in mice increased NFATc3 nuclear accumulation in vascular smooth muscle. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in increased NFATc3 transcriptional activity in arteries of NFAT-luciferase transgenic mice. Two NFAT-responsive sequences in the osteopontin (OPN) promoter were identified. This proinflammatory cytokine has been shown to exacerbate atherosclerosis and restenosis. Activation of NFAT resulted in increased OPN mRNA and protein in native arteries. Glucose-induced OPN expression was prevented by the ectonucleotidase apyrase, suggesting a mechanism involving the release of extracellular nucleotides. The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A or the novel NFAT blocker A-285222 prevented glucose-induced OPN expression. Furthermore, diabetes resulted in higher OPN expression, which was significantly decreased by in vivo treatment with A-285222 for 4 weeks or prevented in arteries from NFATc3(-/-) mice. Conclusions-These results identify a glucose-sensitive transcription pathway in vivo, revealing a novel molecular mechanism that may underlie vascular complications of diabetes.
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| 13. |
- Blokland, G. A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:1, s. 102-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk. Methods: We conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction of risk for these disorders using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, and 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and iPSYCH. Results: Across disorders, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism–by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815, p = 3.2 × 10−8), which interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) enzymes, implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p < 1 × 10−6) for cross-disorder G×S interaction (rs7302529, p = 1.6 × 10−7; rs73033497, p = 8.8 × 10−7; rs7914279, p = 6.4 × 10−7), implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified G×S interaction across disorders (p = 8.97 × 10−7) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282, p = 1.5 × 10−7), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509, p = 1.1 × 10−7) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant G×S interaction of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in MDD (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Conclusions: In the largest genome-wide G×S analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development and immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway levels. © 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry
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| 14. |
- Borgenvik, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in amino acid concentrations in the plasma and muscle in human subjects during 24 h of simulated adventure racing
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 112, s. 3679-3688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation was designed to evaluate changes in plasma and muscle levels of free amino acids during an ultra-endurance exercise and following recovery. Nine male ultra-endurance trained athletes participated in a 24-h standardized endurance trial with controlled energy intake. The participants performed 12 sessions of running, kayaking and cycling (4 x each discipline). Blood samples were collected before, during and after exercise, as well as after 28 h of recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken 1 week before the test and after exercise, as well as after 28 h of recovery. During the 24-h exercise, plasma levels of branched-chain (BCAA), essential amino acids (EAA) and glutamine fell 13%, 14% and 19% (P<0.05) respectively, whereas their concentrations in muscle were unaltered. Simultaneously, tyrosine and phenylalanine levels rose 38% and 50% (P<0.05) in the plasma and 66% and 46% (P<0.05) in muscle, respectively. After the 24-h exercise, plasma levels of BCAA were positively correlated with muscle levels of glycogen (r2=0.73, P<0.05), as was the combined concentrations of muscle tyrosine and phenylalanine with plasma creatine kinase (r2=0.55, P<0.05). Following 28-h of recovery, plasma and muscle levels of amino acids had either returned to their initial levels or were elevated. In conclusion, ultra-endurance exercise caused significant changes elevations in plasma and muscle levels of tyrosine and phenylalanine, which suggest an increase in net muscle protein breakdown during exercise. There was a reduction in plasma concentrations of EAA and glutamine during exercise, whereas no changes were detected in their muscle concentration after exercise.
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| 15. |
- de Jong, S, et al.
(författare)
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Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 1, s. 163-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders.
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| 16. |
- Elinder, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Svenska folkets kunskaper om pensionen
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapportens syfte är att studera hur kunniga individer är om sina egnapensioner och pensionssystemet i stort, där vi analyserar hur denna pensionskunskap skiljer sig mellan olika grupper, vilka orsaker det finns till att individersaknar kunskaper och om det finns ett samband mellan individers pensionskunskap och hur väl förberedd man är inför sin pension. Rapporten bygger på enny och omfattande enkätundersökning kring individers kunskap om det svenskapensionssystemet och deras egna pensioner. Resultaten från enkäten visar att enstor andel av pensionsspararna saknar grundläggande pensionskunskap och igenomsnitt är kunskapen lägre bland yngre, lågutbildade, låginkomsttagare ochkvinnor. Individer med sämre pensionskunskaper har också i lägre utsträckningplanerat och förberett sig inför sin pension. Vidare anger en klar majoritet komplexiteten i pensionssystemet, eller att de har planerat att skaffa sig kunskap menatt det inte blivit av, som orsaker till avsaknad av kunskap. Att detta är förklaringar till avsaknad av kunskap styrks i vår analys av att individer som ser sigsjälva som sämre på matematik och som säger sig vara benägna att skjuta uppsaker till morgondagen också har lägre genomsnittlig kunskap.
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| 17. |
- Elinder, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Who lacks pension knowledge, why and does it matter? : Evidence from Swedish retirement savers
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent pension reforms have shifted a larger responsibility towards savers. Individuals therefore needbetter knowledge of the rules and incentives embedded in the pension system to adequately save andprepare for retirement. In this paper, we use a novel Swedish survey matched with high-quality administrative data to show that many lack, and feel that they lack, such pension-specific knowledge. Wealso show that the most economically vulnerable groups know the least. Linking pension knowledgeto behavior, we find that knowing less is associated with lower preparedness for retirement, even aftercontrolling for financial literacy and subjective knowledge. Moreover, a large majority state the complexity of the pension system, or that they have planned to learn more about pensions but that it justhasn’t happened, as reasons for why they do not have sufficient knowledge. That the complexity of thepension system and individuals’ proclivity to procrastinate are plausible causal factors for low pensionknowledge is supported by analyses showing that individuals with low math skills and procrastinationtendencies have lower pension knowledge.
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| 18. |
- Elinder, Mikael, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Who Lacks Pension Knowledge, Why and Does it Matter? : Evidence From Swedish Retirement Savers
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Public Finance Review. - : Sage Publications. - 1091-1421 .- 1552-7530. ; 50:4, s. 379-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent pension reforms have shifted a larger responsibility towards savers. Individuals therefore need better knowledge of the rules and incentives embedded in the pension system to adequately save and prepare for retirement. In this paper, we use a novel Swedish survey matched with high-quality administrative data to show that many lack, and feel that they lack, such pension-specific knowledge. We also show that the most economically vulnerable groups know the least. Linking pension knowledge to behavior, we find that knowing less is associated with lower preparedness for retirement, even after controlling for financial literacy and subjective knowledge. Moreover, a large majority state the complexity of the pension system, or that they have planned to learn more about pensions but that it just hasn't happened, as reasons for why they do not have sufficient knowledge.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Jakobsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic actuated fluorescence activated sorting of microparticles.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0189. ; 14:11, s. 1943-1950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a fluorescence activated sorter realized in a continuous flow microfluidic chip. Sorting is achieved by deflecting a focused particle stream with short acoustic bursts (2.5 ms), in a fluorescence activated configuration. The system utilizes two-dimensional acoustic pre-focusing, using a single actuation frequency, to position all particles in the same fluid velocity regime at flow rates up to 1.7 mL min(-1). Particles were sorted based on their fluorescence intensities at throughputs up to 150 particles s(-1). The highest purity reached was 80% when sorting at an average rate of 50 particles s(-1). The average recovery of a sort was 93.2 ± 2.6%. The presented system enables fluorescence activated cell sorting in a continuous flow microfluidic format that allows aseptic integration of downstream microfluidic functionalities, opening for medical and clinical applications.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lindmark, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Patient Reported Injuries After Ventral Hernia Repair
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : Sage Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 108:1, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Swedish National Patient Insurance Company (LÖF) can compensate patients who believe they have been exposed to an avoidable injury or malpractice in healthcare. Its register covers 95% of Swedish healthcare providers.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on patients operated for primary or incisional ventral hernia in Sweden between 2010 and 2015 and who had filed a claim, were retrieved from LÖF. A total of 290 cases were identified and included. Files include a copy of records, relevant imaging, and an expert advisor's opinion.RESULTS: Inadvertent enterotomy occurred during 25 repairs and in these cases, laparoscopic repair was clearly overrepresented ( p < 0.001). Complications related to the surgical site (infection and ugly scar) were predominantly related to open repairs ( p < 0.001). Twenty percentage (57/290) of the claims were directly related to an anesthetic mishap. Univariate ordinal regression showed that the odds of receiving a high reimbursement was significantly increased if laparoscopic repair was performed p < 0.001 (odds ratio: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.65). Sixty-three percentage of claims were filed by women.CONCLUSION: Inadvertent enterotomy is overrepresented, and the probability that a claim filed for an avoidable injury leads to high reimbursement is greater if laparoscopic repair is performed rather than open ventral hernia repair. The high amount of injuries related to general anesthesia during umbilical hernia repair may be reduced with an increased proportion executed in local anesthesia.
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| 23. |
- Moradi, Fatemeh, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing a Digital Archive for Indigenous People : Understanding the Double Sensitivity of Design
- 2020
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Ingår i: NordiCHI '20. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450375795
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present our work on the design and evaluation of a web-based digital archive. The aim of this research project was to explore ways of enabling easy access to materials about their cultural heritage for indigenous people. In this project we worked in close collaboration with the Sami people across brainstorming sessions, design workshops, prototype development, and user tests. During this process we became aware of two intertwined sensitivities, i.e. a cultural sensitivity and a design sensitivity - and we refer to this as a “double sensitivity”. The data recorded from the interviews and the participants' interaction with the prototype were analyzed using thematic analysis as the methodological approach. Our results pointed at five main code clusters including: tonality of the design, usability, sociability, ethical considerations and technical errors. In this paper we discuss these findings, and we suggest that our results, and the proposed notion of “double sensitivity” contributes important research on human computer interaction (HCI) design for indigenous people.
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| 24. |
- Nordin, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Will Trump make China great again? : The belt and road initiative and international order
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Affairs. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0020-5850 .- 1468-2346. ; 94:2, s. 231-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under President Xi Jinping's leadership, Chinese foreign relations have moved from keeping a low profile, to a more assertive bid for international leadership that is beginning to take form in the ‘belt and road initiative’ (BRI). This initiative focuses on connectivity in policy coordination, facilities, trade, finance and people-to-people relations, in order to connect China to key parts of Asia, the south Pacific, east Africa and Europe. Networked capitalism and the national unit, which are often seen as spatial opposites in the global political economy, are both exercised through the BRI in mutually supporting ways. Networked capitalism is not challenging the national spatial unit, nor vice versa. Rather, they conglomerate to reinforce Chinese government narratives which portray China as the new trailblazer of global capitalism—thus illustrating and justifying a new Sinocentric order in east Asia. Likely winners of this constellation, if it is successful, are megalopolises in Eurasia, and most of all the Chinese Communist Party. Likely losers are countries that are not included in the BRI, most notably the United States. In a context where President Donald Trump is signalling a more protectionist stance and the United States is withdrawing from free trade pacts like the Trans-Pacific Partnership, Trump may ironically enable Xi's dream of making China great again.
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| 25. |
- Nordin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Designing to restory the past : storytelling for empowerment through a digital archive
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - : Chinese Institute of Design. - 1991-3761 .- 1994-036X. ; 17:1, s. 91-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Storytelling is a frequently used approach to design. Stories and storytelling also have a role in mediating information and contributing to people’s understanding of the world around them. Previous research suggests that storytelling can be empowering to marginalized and diverse communities, such as Indigenous peoples, by offering a platform to voice their (hi)stories. In this paper, we present a research through design project in which we explore the design of the living archive. This is a web-based digital archive that encourages a user-based approach to restorying the past by focusing on storytelling for empowerment and involving members of Indigenous People, the Sami. We demonstrate how a digital archive can contribute to (re)storying the past in a manner that preserves Indigenous ways of knowing and ethical archiving of social memory. Through this archive, we provide the digital tools for the communities to take on the role to tell their truth and, in doing so, become central in the design and communication of their own stories. In short, design for storytelling to empower those who need a voice.
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| 26. |
- Nordin, Mikael
(författare)
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Computational Studies of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on two studies dealing with the computational investigation of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions, in which hydrogen is transferred from a donor molecule (e.g. alcohol) to a substrate (ketone), via mediation of a metal-ligand catalyst complex. The catalysts, employing either rhodium or ruthenium in combination with pseudo-dipeptideligands, enantioselectively reduce acetophenone into the secondary alcohol. Stereochemically pure secondary alcohols are important intermediates in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical, agricultural and fine chemistry products. The demand for developing effective, mild and reproducible methods for making these alcohols is high.The present studies were made using density functional theory calculations, aiming at explaining the sources of enantioselectivity in the reactions. The calculations reproduce the trends in enantioselectivity quite satisfactorily. In the analysis of the obtained free energy graphs and the optimized geometries several factors that contribute to the enantioselectivity are identified
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Nordin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical study of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by amino acid derived rhodium complexes
- 2012
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Ingår i: ChemCatChem. - : Wiley. - 1867-3880 .- 1867-3899. ; 4:8, s. 1095-1104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density functional theory calculations are employed to study the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by rhodiumarene complexes containing hydroxamic acid-functionalized amino acid ligands. Firstly, the ligandmetal binding is investigated and it is shown that both the N,N and O,O binding modes Are viable. For each of these, the full free energy profile for the transfer hydrogenation is calculated according to the outer-sphere reaction mechanism. Three factors are demonstrated to influence the stereoselectivity of the process, namely the energy difference between the metalligand binding modes, the energy difference between the intermediate hydrogenated catalyst, and the existence of a stabilizing CHp interaction between the Cp* ligand of the catalyst and the phenyl moiety of the substrate. Theoretical reproduction of the selectivity of a slightly modified ligand that is shown experimentally to yield the opposite enantioselectivity corroborates these results. Finally, a technical observation made is that inclusion of dispersion interactions (using the B3LYP-D2 correction or the M06 functional) proved to be very important for reproducing the enantioselectivity.
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| 29. |
- Nordin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in the precore and core promoter region of the hepatitis B virus genome.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 86:3, s. 437-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections with different genotypes and subgenotypes differ in response to treatment and long-term prognosis. The differences emerge from variability within the genomes that leads to structural deviations at the pregenomic level and to changes at the translational level. Naturally occurring HBV strains covering the four major genotypes A-D were obtained from 393 patients and part of the genome was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced, and analyzed for mutational differences in the precore and core promoter regions. The study confirmed that core promoter and precore mutations occur at key positions (A1762T, G1764A, G1896A, and G1899A), and that the proportions of strains with seroconvertion in patients differ between the four HBV genotypes. A rare double mutation (C1857T together with G1897A) was observed, and C1856T was found together with the emerging G1898A mutation, which itself was found to be more widespread geographically than previously described. We found a novel mutation (T1850C), never before observed in human HBV strains but known from woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). A novel association of mutation C1773T with G1764T, C1766A, and G1757A was also found within a site already suggested to be a putative binding site for HNF-3. This novel association is proposed by us to be of importance for additional binding of HNH-2 to this site and is a better indicator of the emergence of the double mutation G1764T and C1766A than the G1757A mutation proposed previously. J. Med. Virol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 30. |
- Nordin, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Chemosensory perception and event-related potentials in self-reported chemical hypersensitivity
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Int Journal of Psychophysiology. ; 55:2, s. 243-255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anormal chemosensory perception has been identified as a possible mechanism underlying odor intolerance, but research in this domain has yet been rather limited. The main objective of the present study was to investigate total perceived intensity, unpleasantness, sensory irritation, and cortical activity assessed with chemosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) for three concentrations of pyridine ranging from predominantly olfactory to trigeminal in activation. Results from 19 individuals with self-reported chemical hypersensitivity and 19 controls with self-reported normal chemical sensitivity show that the hypersensitive group, compared to controls, rated the pyridine stimuli to be more intense and unpleasant, and that these group differences increased with pyridine concentration. Sensory irritation was also the perceptual dimension found to correlate strongest with score on the chemical sensitivity scale. However, no group differences were found in ERP amplitudes or latencies. These findings suggest that self-reported chemical hypersensitivity (1) can be associated with anormal chemosensory perception, (2) may be more closely related to trigeminal function than to olfaction, and (3) has a neural basis at a higher cortical level than that captured by chemosensory ERPs.
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| 31. |
- Nordin, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
High Expression of Midkine in the Airways of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1535-4989. ; 49:6, s. 935-942
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in the CFTR gene result in impaired host defense during cystic fibrosis (CF), where Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes a key pathogen. We investigated the expression pattern of the antibacterial growth factor midkine in CF and possible interference with its activity by the altered airway microenvironment. High midkine expression was found in CF lung tissue compared with controls, involving epithelium of the large and small airways, alveoli, and cells of the submucosa (i.e. neutrophils and mast cells). In CF sputum, midkine was present at 100-fold higher levels but was also subject to increased degradation, compared with midkine in sputum from healthy controls. Midkine had a bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa but increasing salt concentrations and low pH impaired the activity. Molecular modeling suggested that the effects of salt and pH were due to electrostatic screening and a charge-neutralization of the membrane, respectively. Both neutrophil elastase and elastase of P. aeruginosa cleaved midkine to smaller fragments, resulting in impaired bactericidal activity. Thus, midkine is highly expressed in CF but its bactericidal properties may be impaired by the altered microenvironment as reflected by the in vitro conditions used in this study.
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| 32. |
- Nyberg, Lars, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Biological and environmental predictors of heterogeneity in neurocognitive ageing : Evidence from Betula and other longitudinal studies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1568-1637 .- 1872-9649. ; 64
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individual differences in cognitive performance increase with advancing age, reflecting marked cognitive changes in some individuals along with little or no change in others. Genetic and lifestyle factors are assumed to influence cognitive performance in aging by affecting the magnitude and extent of age-related brain changes (i.e., brain maintenance or atrophy), as well as the ability to recruit compensatory processes. The purpose of this review is to present findings from the Betula study and other longitudinal studies, with a focus on clarifying the role of key biological and environmental factors assumed to underlie individual differences in brain and cognitive aging. We discuss the vital importance of sampling, analytic methods, consideration of non-ignorable dropout, and related issues for valid conclusions on factors that influence healthy neurocognitive aging.
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| 33. |
- Olsson, Sara K., et al.
(författare)
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Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bipolar disorder
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. - : CMA Joule Inc.. - 1180-4882 .- 1488-2434. ; 35:3, s. 195-199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with schizophrenia show elevated brain levels of the neuroactive tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) This astrocyte] derived mediator acts as a neuroprotectant and modulates sensory gating and cognitive functiona We measured the levels of KYNA in the cerebrospinal fluid T vSyU of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy volunteers to investigate the putative involvement of KYNA in bipolar disorder. Methods: We obtained CSF by lumbar puncture from 23 healthy men and 31 euthymic men with bipolar disorder. We analyzed the samples using high] performance liquid chromatography. Results: Patients with bipolar disorder had increased levels of KYNA in their CSF compared with healthy volunteers (1.71 nM, standard error of the mean [SEM] cad, va dad, nM, SEM cacln p = 0.002. The levels of KYNA were positively correlated with age among bipolar patients but not healthy volunteersa Limitations: The influence of ongoing drug treatment among patients cannot be ruled outa We conducted our study during the euthymic phase of the diseasea Conclusion: Brain KYNA levels are increased in euthymic men with bipolar disorder. In addition, KYNA levels increased with age in these patientsa These findings indicate shared mechanisms between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Elevated levels of brain KYNA may provide further insight to the pathophysiology and progression of bipolar disorder.
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| 34. |
- Siegbahn, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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TF/FVIIa transactivate PDGFRbeta to regulate PDGF-BB-induced chemotaxis in different cell types : involvement of Src and PLC
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 28:1, s. 135-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We have previously reported the potentiation of PDGF-BB-induced chemotaxis of fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells by FVIIa. Here we studied the role of TF/FVIIa and the induced signaling pathways in regulation of chemotaxis of human monocytes, fibroblasts, and porcine aorta endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human monocytes were obtained by using Ficoll-Paque gradient and the MACS system (for highly purified population), fibroblasts and PAE cells have been characterized previously. Inhibitors of selected signaling intermediates were used, and the effect of TF/FVIIa on the migratory response of all cells to chemotactic agents was analyzed. The induced signaling was studied by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. TF/FVIIa complex selectively enhanced PDGF-BB-induced chemotaxis in a Src-family, PLC, and PAR-2-dependent manner. Using PAE cells we identified c-Src and c-Yes as the Src-family members activated by TF/FVIIa. We report for the first time the PAR-2 and Src family-dependent transactivation of PDGFRbeta by TF/FVIIa involving phosphorylation of a subset of PDGFRbeta tyrosines. CONCLUSIONS: The described transactivation is a likely mechanism of TF/FVIIa-mediated regulation of PDGF-BB-induced chemotaxis. Similar behavior of 3 principally different cell types in our experimental setup may reflect a general function of TF in regulation of cell migration.
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| 35. |
- Smith, Henrik G., et al.
(författare)
-
Slututvärdering av det svenska landsbygdsprogrammet 2007–2013 : Delrapport II: Utvärdering av åtgärder för bättre miljö
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningRapporten är en del av slututvärderingen av Landsbygdsprogram för Sverige 2007-2013 och har tagits fram på uppdrag av Jordbruksverket. Den redovisar resultat och effekter som uppnåddes genom miljö- och klimatåtgärderna inom landsbygdsprogrammet, vilket omfattar samtliga insatser och ersättningar i axel 2, samt miljö- och klimatrelaterade utvärderingsfrågor för en del åtgärder i axel 1 och 3.Med hjälp av vetenskapliga analyser, kunskapsbaserade resonemang och de för varje insats i landsbygdsprogrammet specificerade indikatorerna har bland annat följande EU-gemensamma (QEC) och programspecifika (PSEQ) utvärderingsfrågor besvarats:• QEC 16: I vilken utsträckning har åtgärden bidragit till att förbättra miljösituationen?• CEQ 20: Vilka andra effekter, bl.a. de som rör andra mål/axlar, är kopplade tillgenomförandet av denna åtgärd?• PSEQ 16A: Hur ändamålsenlig och effektiv har den geografiska styrningen avmiljöåtgärden i programmet varit?• PSEQ 20A: I vilken utsträckning har kompetensutvecklingsåtgärderna bidragittill programmets miljömål?• PSEQ 20B: Vad kan man lära sig av hur klimatåtgärderna fungerat när det gällerutformningen och utvärderingen av klimatåtgärder i framtida program?• PSEQ 20C: Vilka sysselsättningseffekter ger miljöåtgärderna?Utredarnas generella slutsats är att landsbygdsprogrammet spelat en stor och i många fall avgörande roll för miljön, t.ex. genom att förhindra nedläggning av jordbruk i områden med svåra förutsättningar för jordbruk, bevara betes- och slåttermarker av värde för biologisk mångfald och skapa och restaurera våtmarker för biologisk mångfald och näringsretention. Detta bidrar till uppfyllelsen av de svenska miljömålen och internationella åtaganden. Även de klimatrelaterade åtgärderna bidrar i viss mån till att uppfylla miljömålen, men en låg anslutning till vissa åtgärder och programmets ensidiga fokus på produktion av förnybar energi (som bortser från ur klimatsynvinkel mycket större biogena utsläppskällor) gör att effekten på miljömålen bedöms som relativt små. Bedömningen av kompetensutvecklingens effekter på miljömålen har försvårats av brist på tillämpningsbart underlag, men utvärderingen av rådgivningsprogrammet Greppa näringen visar att det bidragit till att reducerakvävetillförseln till Östersjön. För en del andra åtgärder är det empiriska underlaget för vilken effekt de har mycket svagt. Detta behöver i sig inte innebära att dessa åtgärder saknar effekt, men gör det svårt att bedöma deras bidrag till uppfyllelsen av miljömålen och begränsar kunskapen om huruvida alternativa utformningar av insatserna skulle ge större effekt.Den explicita geografiska styrningen som förekommer i programmet bedöms generellt som relevant, men dess effekt varierar stort mellan olika åtgärder/insatser och är i vissa fall svårt att utreda. Det finns dock en del åtgärder/insatser som idag saknar explicit geografisk styrning, men där vi bedömer att kostnadseffektiviteten skulle kunna öka markant om man införde en sådan (t.ex. Certifierad ekologisk produktion).Miljöåtgärdernas sysselsättningseffekter har endast kunnat bedömas för ett fåtalåtgärder/insatser (kompensationsbidraget samt ersättningarna för Extensiv vallodling och Skötsel av betesmarker och slåtterängar) och anses generellt vara marginellt positiv. Detta bör dock tolkas med stor försiktighet eftersom bedömningen gjordes enbart via dessa åtgärders effekt på markanvändningen.Miljö- och klimatåtgärders effekterUnder programperioden 2007-2013 innehöll landsbygdsprogrammet en mängd olika åtgärder med syfte att gynna miljö och klimat. Utvärderingen visar att det finns en stor variation i såväl upptaget av de olika åtgärderna som deras effekt. Miljöåtgärdernas syften fokuserar huvudsakligen på att gynna bevarandet av biologisk mångfald, minskat växtnäringsläckage och giftfri miljö. De flesta miljöåtgärder bidrar generellt till att uppnå sitt syfte, men om de gör det på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt har ofta varit svårt och ibland omöjligt att utvärdera. För syftet giftfri miljö har det inte funnits resurser till en djupare utvärdering.Ersättningarna för Skötsel av betesmarker och slåtterängar samt för Certifieradekologisk och kretsloppsinriktad produktion är exempel på insatser med konstaterad positiv effekt på biologisk mångfald. Andra ersättningar, såsom ersättningen för Värdefulla natur- och kulturmiljöer, adresserar visserligen för biologisk mångfald viktiga livsmiljöer, men deras utformning och skötselvillkor har visat sig inte vara anpassade till detta syfte med insatsen. För en del ersättningar saknas tillräckligt kunskap eller dataunderlag för att kunna göra tillfredställande utvärderingar av effekterna på biologisk mångfald. Bland dessa finns exempelvis ersättningarna för Extensiv vallodling och Skötsel av våtmarker.Minskat näringsämnesläckage och miljömålet Ingen övergödning fanns som syfte för flera insatser inom åtgärden Miljövänligt jordbruk och den generella bedömningen är att insatserna bidrar till att uppfylla detta syfte. Det finns dock stor skillnad i hur effektiva insatserna är. Minskat kväveläckage anses ha en god kostnadseffektivitet, särskilt efter att ersättningsnivåerna anpassades under senare delen av programperioden. Även reduceringen av fosfor genom skyddszoner bedöms ha en högre kostnadseffektivitet jämfört med förra programperioden på grund av regionala skillnader i anslutning. När det gäller Extensiv vallodling visar utvärderingen stora regionala skillnader, och för andra insatser, såsom Restaurering och anläggning av våtmarker och Certifierad ekologisk odling, har det varit svårt att bedöma om de på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt bidragit till att uppfylla miljömålen.Miljöåtgärdernas effekter på miljömålet Giftfri miljö har inom ramen för dennautvärdering inte kunnat analyseras specifikt på grund av bristande underlag ochbegränsade resurser. Eftersom det generellt är svårt att utvärdera det specifika bidraget av de berörda ersättningarna till en giftfri miljö, kan utvärderingen därför inte på ett tillfredställande sätt svara på hur stor deras bidrag till detta miljökvalitetsmål har varit.När det gäller klimatåtgärder har programmet ett tydligt fokus på produktion ochanvändning av energi och relaterade emissioner av växthusgaser. Samtidigt konstateras det att emissionerna av växthusgaser från jordbrukssektorn primärt härrör från biogena processer i form av metan från idisslarnas matsmältning och lustgas från det kväve som tillförs åkermarken. För en fortsatt reduktion av jordbrukssektorns emissioner av växthusgaser bör satsningarna på en minskad användning av fossila bränslen fortsätta, men det är samtidigt nödvändigt att lägga ett större fokus på de biogena emissionerna. För att tydliggöra vikten av klimatåtgärder och satsningar på förnybar energi bör dessa insatser också lyftas fram som egna åtgärder istället för att finnas insprängda bland åtgärder som har annat huvudfokus.För ett fåtal åtgärder och ersättningar har det gått att härleda möjliga sysselsättningseffekter via de markanvändningseffekter som estimerats med modeller. Även om dessa resultat bör tolkas med stor försiktighet, bedöms sysselsättningseffekten av miljöåtgärderna generellt vara marginellt positiv. Ersättningen Skötsel av betesmarker och slåtterängar har i beräkningar som bygger på kontrafaktiska markanvändningsscenarier lett till en märkbar förändring av markanvändningen (ökad areal betesmarker med stöd) vilket, eftersom animalieproduktion generellt anses vara mer tidskrävande än spannmålsproduktion, bedöms leda till högre sysselsättning. Extensiv vallodling och kompensationsbidrag har däremot en mycket begränsad påverkanpå markanvändningen, varför sysselsättningseffekten bedöms som marginell.Generella förbättringsförslag inför utformningen av kommande programÄven om utvärderarnas samlade bedömning är att landsbygdsprogrammets upplägg, d.v.s. dess syften och motiv, ingående medel och val av åtgärder, är relevant och generellt bidrar till att förbättra situationen för miljö och klimat, så finns det en hel del som kan och bör förbättras för att möjliggöra kostnadseffektiva program i framtiden. De enstaka insatsernas syften och mål bör preciseras och kopplas till tydliga indikatorer som på ett relevant sätt kan mäta måluppfyllandet. Detta är avgörande för att man ska kunna utforma ett kostnadseffektivt landsbygdsprogram och utvärdera det på ett adekvat sätt. Dessutom behöver beskrivningarna för syften och motiv för många av ersättningarna ses över och anpassas till det aktuella kunskapsläget. Exempelvis skulle syftet ”bevara biologisk mångfald” leda till helt olika åtgärder beroende på om man vill bevara sällsynta arter eller ekosystemtjänstgynnare.Det empiriska underlaget för utvärdering behöver stärkas inför utvärderingen avframtida landsbygdsprogram. Detta kan exempelvis göras genom systematiskaöversikter och empirisk primärforskning som undersöker konsekvenser av olikaåtgärder. För att optimera detta bör utvärderingen byggas in som en organisk del av landsbygdsprogrammet. Utredarna föreslår att en procent av programmets budget används till att utforma och implementera relevanta metoder för kontinuerlig insamling av lämplig data under hela programperioden.För att i högre grad kunna utvärdera landsbygdsprogrammets kostnadseffektivitetkrävs en fortsatt utveckling av metoder för att studera konsekvenserna för målet av att åtgärden/insatsen/delinsatsen finns eller inte finns (eller var annorlunda utformad) (kontrafaktiska scenarier) och modeller som föruts
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Sundin, Anders, 1975-
(författare)
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1809 : Statskuppen och regeringsformens tillkomst som tolkningsprocess
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation analyses the coup d’état and the instrument of government of 1809 as an interpretative framing process. By close examination primarily of official sources it focuses on how political actors utilized the components of the existing political culture in order to legitimise their actions. The results show that the regime transition of 1809 was a contingent process. Actors competed to define concepts such as “citizen”, “patriotism” and “public opinion” in order to legitimise different political claims. This process served to strengthen the role played by the concept of public opinion as a source of authority in the language of politics.The dissertation also addresses how the regime transition of 1809 relates to the historical epoch known as the Age of Revolution. Experiences from the French Revolution in particular were crucial to the debate on the prospects for constitutional change in Sweden. The study shows that the constitutional committee took a reformist stance based on the concepts of civic virtue and enlightenment, thereby rejecting demands for an enhanced national representation. Instead they argued for gradual constitutional change and believed that the constitution should serve as an instrument to educate the public in the virtues of citizenship.Grounded in the so-called "cultural turn" taken by studies of politics in recent decades, the analysis has borrowed from studies of social movements the concepts of interpretative framing. In analyzing differences and oppositions between various interpretative frames, concepts from discourse analysis has been used, particularly those that emphasize discourse contingency. Extra-discursive conditions in the process of interpretation have been analyzed by means of the concept of possibility structures. This has chiefly involved taking into consideration the degree of repression and actors' differing access to what Bourdieu has termed "institutional authority".
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| 38. |
- Törnroos, Raja, et al.
(författare)
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Engagemang, autonomi och kontroll
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Undersöka och utveckla undervisning. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144114170 ; , s. 173-189
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Vinnerås, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Peepoo bag : self-sanitising single use biodegradable toilet
- 2009
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 59:9, s. 1743-1749
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene together with deficient nutritional status are major contributors to the global burden of disease. Safe collection, disposal and reuse of human excreta would enable the risk of transmission of diseases to be decreased and household food security to be increased in many regions. However, the majority of the 2.5 billion people lacking improved sanitation comprise poor people in societies with weak infrastructure. This study developed a low cost sanitation option requiring little investment and maintenance-a single use, self-sanitising, biodegradable toilet (Peepoo bag) and tested it for smell, degradability and hygiene aspects. It was found that no smell was detectable from a 25 mu m thick bag filled with faeces during 24 h in a 10m(2) room at 30 degrees C. Bags that had been in contact with urea-treated faeces or urine for 2 months in air, compost or water at 24 or 37 degrees C showed little signs of degradation. Furthermore, pathogen inactivation modelling of the 4 g of urea present in the bag indicated that appropriate sanitation of faecal material collected is achieved in the bag within 2-4 weeks, after which the bag can be degraded and reused as fertiliser.
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| 40. |
- Wikgren, Mikael, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Shorter telomere length is linked to brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 43:2, s. 212-217
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: leukocyte telomere length (TL) is considered a marker of biological aging. Several studies have investigated the link between leukocyte TL and aging-associated functional attributes of the brain, but no prior study has investigated whether TL can be linked to brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs); two prominent structural manifestations of brain aging. Methods: we investigated whether leukocyte TL was related to brain atrophy and WMHs in a sample of 102 non-demented individuals aged 64-75 years. Results: shorter TL was related to greater degree of subcortical atrophy (beta = -0.217, P = 0.034), but not to cortical atrophy. Furthermore, TL was 371 bp shorter (P = 0.041) in participants exhibiting subcortical WMHs, and 552 bp shorter (P = 0.009) in older participants exhibiting periventricular WMHs. Conclusion: this study provides the first evidence of leukocyte TL being associated with cerebral subcortical atrophy and WMHs, lending further support to the concept of TL as a marker of biological aging, and in particular that of the aging brain.
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| 41. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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