| 1. |
- Kirdok, Emrah, et al.
(författare)
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Metagenomic analysis of Mesolithic chewed pitch reveals poor oral health among stone age individuals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prehistoric chewed pitch has proven to be a useful source of ancient DNA, both from humans and their microbiomes. Here we present the metagenomic analysis of three pieces of chewed pitch from Huseby Klev, Sweden, that were dated to 9,890-9,540 before present. The metagenomic profile exposes a Mesolithic oral microbiome that includes opportunistic oral pathogens. We compared the data with healthy and dysbiotic microbiome datasets and we identified increased abundance of periodontitis-associated microbes. In addition, trained machine learning models predicted dysbiosis with 70-80% probability. Moreover, we identified DNA sequences from eukaryotic species such as red fox, hazelnut, red deer and apple. Our results indicate a case of poor oral health during the Scandinavian Mesolithic, and show that pitch pieces have the potential to provide information on material use, diet and oral health.
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| 2. |
- Kashuba, Natalija, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient DNA from mastics solidifies connection between material culture and genetics of mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Scandinavia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human demography research in grounded on the information derived from ancient DNA and archaeology. For example, the study on the early postglacial dual-route colonisation of the Scandinavian Peninsula is largely based on associating genomic data with the early dispersal of lithic technology from the East European Plain. However, a clear connection between material culture and genetics has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that direct connection by analysing human DNA from chewed birch bark pitch mastics. These samples were discovered at Huseby Klev in western Sweden, a Mesolithic site with eastern lithic technology. We generated genome-wide data for three individuals, and show their affinity to the Scandinavian hunter-gatherers. Our samples date to 9880-9540 calBP, expanding the temporal range and distribution of the early Scandinavian genetic group. We propose that DNA from ancient mastics can be used to study environment and ecology of prehistoric populations.
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| 3. |
- Nordqvist, A., et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of metal droplets sampled during top lance blowing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 36:6, s. 421-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory trials were performed in an induction furnace to study droplet formation during lance blowing. Oxygen was blown on a molten iron bath consisting of iron alloyed with carbon and silicon. Iron droplets were collected using a specially designed sampler. The average iron droplet composition and the oxide layer thickness were determined using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersed spectroscopy. In addition, the concentration gradient of elements was determined using electron probe microanalysis. It should be noted that a special technique had to be developed in order to prepare the droplet sample. The size distribution and composition of the droplets were also determined using the microprobe. The carbon was found to be homogeneously distributed throughout the droplet independently of the size of the droplet. For the experiments using both carbon and silicon it was found that the silicon in most droplets could be found in the periphery of the droplets. It was also found that the tendency was that both the carbon content as well as the silicon content in the droplets decreased with a decreased droplet size. Thus, it was concluded that it is necessary to modify top blown decarburisation processes so that a maximum area between droplet and atmosphere is obtained.
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| 4. |
- Nordqvist, Y, et al.
(författare)
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A chemosorptive cylindrical denuder designed for personal exposure measurements of isocyanates-evaluation on generated aerosols of 4,4 '-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 7:5, s. 469-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A denuder/filter system constructed for solvent-free personal exposure measurements was evaluated for separation of vapour and particulate 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) generated from heated PUR-foam. The two different phases were collected in the denuder and on the filter, respectively, by chemosorption on a polydimethylsiloxane (SE-30)-dibutylamine (DBA) stationary phase. Both repeatability and the total mass concentration of 4,4'-MDI were similar to that obtained from the reference method, in this case an impinger/filter system. The penetration of particles through the denuder at 300 ml min(-1) was nearly 100% in the particle size range 25 to 700 nm, which fits well with the Gormley-Kennedy equation. Denuder/filter sampling of the 4,4'-MDI aerosol at 500 ml min(-1) yielded a phase distribution that was in accordance with the results from the reference method. The method limit of detection was 6 ng m(-3) and 4 ng m(-3) for the denuder and filter, respectively, when using an air sampling flow rate of 300 ml min(-1) and a sampling period of 15 min. This is well below the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 50 and 100 μ g m(-3) for an 8-hour working day and a 5-min period, respectively.
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| 5. |
- Wimmer, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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3D mapping of sublevel caving (SLC) blast rings and ore flow disturbances in the LKAB Kiruna mine
- 2012
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Ingår i: MassMin 2012: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Mass Mining, Sudbury, Canada June 2012. - Sudbury, Canada : Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroeum.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sublevel caving (SLC) is a highly productive mining method with the major disadvantages of irrepressible ore loss and dilution. The confined blasting situation of SLC rings is commonly regarded to have a significant impact upon the material flow characteristics and hence on the overall performance. The initial conditions for the ore flow after blasting are unknown, as both the blasted geometry and the fragmentation itself are normally hidden. However, when opening a new drawpoint and in hang-up situations an inspection of the actual conditions is feasible. For this purpose, a remotely operated 3D photogrammetry system was custom built and used to reconstruct the ring front and/or cavity as a geo-referenced mesh model with colour information. Various blasting situations have been observed and this allowed a deeper study of the i) broken geometry and height, ii) over- and underbreak and their effects on subsequently blasted rings, iii) interaction effects between adjacent holes/rings, iv) drilling accuracy based on identified boreholes and v) mapping of geological structures and their influence on the blast result. The capabilities of the 3D image acquisition system to evaluate the blasting results are demonstrated with an example, in which a series of blasts were surveyed. Monitoring under hang-up situations, has then revealed the actual effects from confined blasting and gravity flow related issues. The 3D photogrammetry system is now increasingly being used to study hang-ups. By revealing and quantifying hitherto inaccessible information, the system has proven to be a valuable tool in increasing the understanding of both SLC breakage and flow.
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| 6. |
- Wimmer, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Burden movement in confined drift wall blasting tests studied at the LKAB Kiruna SLC mine
- 2012
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Ingår i: Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, FRAGBLAST 10. - Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9780415621434 - 9780203387672 ; , s. 373-383
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blasting in SLC (sublevel caving) takes place in a semi-confined situation. Blasted material swells while the caved material compacts, and also, to a lesser extent, fills parts of the void volume of the production drift. Several analytical and empirical models have been developed in the past. However, understanding of the interaction of semi-confined blasting conditions, SLC blast design and rock mass characteristics on rock breaking performance is rudimentary. Instrumentation of the blasted burden with various sensors and study of the dynamics of burden movement against confinement is therefore important. Such measurements are very scarce and thus different systems have been tested both in laboratory and in the field. Main focus was thereby the development of measuring equipment that could be scaled up to full-scale SLC blasting and installed behind the rings. In the field tests, blastholes were drilled in a pillar, parallel to a cross cut drift in the LKAB Kiruna SLC mine. The burden constraint was achieved either by filling the drift of 7.0 x 5.2 m (width x height) with rock masses or reinforcing the drift wall. The tests were instrumented with different redundant sensors, which were installed in holes drilled from a parallel cross cut. The most promising one was a concept, which combines the initial movement recorded by an accelerometer designed to minimize zero-shift with the final displacement recorded by a fibre photoelectric sensor (‘fibre-optic zebra gauge’). For the filled drift wall blasting test the maximum velocity varied between 16 - 32 m/s with a compaction in the range of 4 - 5 %. A gap was verified to exist between the intact pillar and the blasted material. By comparison, the velocity for the unconfined situation yielded a considerably increased velocity (42 - 47 m/s). In addition, ‘Blo-Up’, a component within the Hybrid Stress Blast Model (HSBM), was used to model the blasting results. The ob-jective was to show that reasonable predictions of fragmentation and burden movement under confined conditions can be made. An unconfined reference experiment was used to calibrate Blo-Up and forward predictions of the confined case were made. In both cases, Blo-Up accurately reproduced the burden velocity and displacement observed in the experiments. The suggested measurement concept could be used for further measurements of confined burden movement in filled drift wall blasting tests and under controlled situations. As mentioned the final objective is instrumentation of the burden in SLC production rings.
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