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- Davitt, C. J. H., et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-galactosylceramide enhances mucosal immunity to oral whole-cell cholera vaccines
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219. ; 12, s. 1055-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) that results in 3–4 million cases globally with 100,000–150,000 deaths reported annually. Mostly confined to developing nations, current strategies to control the spread of cholera include the provision of safe drinking water and improved sanitation and hygiene, ideally in conjunction with oral vaccination. However, difficulties associated with the costs and logistics of these strategies have hampered their widespread implementation. Specific challenges pertaining to oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) include a lack of safe and effective adjuvants to further enhance gut immune responses, the complex and costly multicomponent vaccine manufacturing, limitations of conventional liquid formulation and the lack of an integrated delivery platform. Herein we describe the use of the orally active adjuvant α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) to strongly enhance intestinal bacterium- and toxin-specific IgA responses to the OCV, Dukoral ® in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. We further demonstrate the mucosal immunogenicity of a novel multi-antigen, single-component whole-cell killed V. cholerae strain and the enhancement of its immunogenicity by adding α-GalCer. Finally, we report that combining these components and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit in the SmPill ® minisphere delivery system induced strong intestinal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses. © 2019, The Author(s).
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- Nordqvist, S., et al.
(författare)
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Perceived time pressure and social processes in project teams
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Project Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-7863 .- 1873-4634. ; 22:6, s. 463-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses the issue of perceived time pressure in project teams. The first purpose was to investigate how time pressure relates to job satisfaction and estimated goal achievement. A second purpose was to investigate how team processes [team support for the goal, cooperation and collective ability] affect the potential effect of time pressure. The study includes members [n=110] of 12 projects [six construction projects, five product development projects and one organizational development project] from four Swedish companies. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire and the response rate was 76%. Time pressure was negatively related, although slightly, to both estimated goal fulfillment and job satisfaction. The negative effect of time pressure was moderated by team support for the goal and collective ability in such a way that the negative effect disappeared. The findings remained after controlling for task complexity.
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- Appelgren, Ester, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating digital TV as a publishing channel for newspapers
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Technical Association of the Graphic Arts, TAGA, 2003. ; , s. 23-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can there be synergies between newspapers and digital TV? What business synergies exist and are the technical formats reliable and flexible enough for cross media publishing? At the end of the 1990's, several Swedish newspapers applied for a license to broadcast digital TV. The major trend among newspapers during this time was to develop websites as a secondary publishing channel, and many companies withdrew their applications. Today, digital TV is again raising expectations. When digital TV broadcasting technology replaces analogue broadcasting, the media landscape will change. The conversion will offer new publishing and business opportunities for newspaper companies. We have studied three Swedish newspaper companies actively working with TV production, three major Nordic television companies, and five television broadcasting operators in Sweden. The objective is to give a wider perspective on the digital TV publishing market today, focusing on technical as well as on economical aspects. In addition, we have evaluated the next steps for newspaper companies interested in establishing themselves in the digital TV medium. The study indicates that among the viable strategies for small and medium sized newspapers are entering the digital TV business through text based services and using cross promotion in order to strengthen the brand.
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- Bhattacharya, Prosun, et al.
(författare)
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Metal contamination at a wood preservation site : characterisation and experimental studies on remediation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 290:03-jan, s. 165-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this investigation was to determine the occurrence of As, Cu, Cr and Zn in the soil at an abandoned wood preservation unit and to examine some possible extractants for the contaminants in the soil. The mean As content of the contaminated surface soils (0-10 cm) was 186 mg kg(-1), where as the mean concentrations of Cu, Cr and Zn in soils from the contaminated area were 26, 29 and 91 mg kg(-1), respectively. The elevated As content in the mineral soils is related to adsorption of inorganic As phases in the fine grained fractions, which are characterised by large surface area and high positive surface charge under the current acidic conditions. Cu and Cr were found to be rather mobile, which is reflected in their lower abundance in soils and significant accumulation in sediments in the drainage leaving the area. The fine fraction of the soil (<0.125 mm) has an average metal content increased by nearly 34% as compared to the <2-mm fraction conventionally used for the analysis and assessment of soil contamination. The <2-mm fraction constitutes approximately 65% of the total weight while the fine fraction (< 0.125 mm) constitutes approximately 10%. These facts, taken together, are essential for the choice of remediation measures. Oxalate solutions have been tested as extractants for soil remediation. Dark acid oxalate extraction dissolves the amorphous Al- and Fe-oxides and hydroxides and mobilises the adsorbed inorganic As species. Oxalate also acts as a ligand for the cationic heavy metals, releasing them from exchangeable sites. With a three-step sequential leaching, up to 98-99% of the metals could be removed. At lower concentrations and higher pH, the leaching decreased to approximately 70%.
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- Landström, Fredrik J., 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Electroporation therapy for T1 and T2 oral tongue cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 131:6, s. 660-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion: Electroporation therapy appears to be a safe treatment achieving excellent local tumor control and very good functional results in our study and it should be further clinically evaluated.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess local tumor control, survival, and effects on speech and eating after treatment of tongue cancer with electroporation therapy, a new local therapeutic modality. In this approach intracellular accumulation of a chemotherapeutic agent is achieved by using a locally applied electrical field.Methods: Fifteen patients with primary T1 and T2 oral tongue cancer were treated with electroporation therapy with intratumorally administered bleomycin. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed when the tumor infiltration was 5 mm or more. The follow-up time was 24 months for the surviving patients and 20.4 months overall. The effects on eating and speech were assessed using the PSS-HN scale and voice recordings.Results: No local recurrence was recorded in any patient during the follow-up. Three patients died, two from progressive regional disease. Of the 12 surviving patients, 2 patients had regional recurrence and 10 patients including the 5 patients treated with EPT alone were tumor-free both locally and regionally at the last follow-up. The functional outcome for speech and eating were very good.
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- Leijon, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of data from the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) using Bayesian Item Response Theory
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: IOI-HA response data are conventionally analysed assuming that the ordinal responses have interval-scale properties. This study critically considers this assumption and compares the conventional approach with a method using Item Response Theory (IRT). Design: A Bayesian IRT analysis model was implemented and applied to several IOI-HA data sets. Study sample: Anonymised IOI-HA responses from 13273 adult users of one or two hearing aids in 11 data sets using the Australian English, Dutch, German and Swedish versions of the IOI-HA. Results: The raw ordinal responses to IOI-HA items do not represent values on interval scales. Using the conventional rating sum as an overall score introduces a scale error corresponding to about 10 − 15% of the true standard deviation in the population. Some interesting and statistically credible differences were demonstrated among the included data sets. Conclusions: It is questionable to apply conventional statistical measures like mean, variance, t-tests, etc., on the raw IOI-HA ratings. It is recommended to apply only nonparametric statistical test methods for comparisons of IOI-HA results between groups. The scale error can sometimes cause incorrect conclusions when individual results are compared. The IRT approach is recommended for analysis of individual results.
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| 22. |
- Lôpez-Rubio, A., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced film forming and film properties of amylopectin using micro-fibrillated cellulose
- 2007
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 68:4, s. 718-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work describes a novel approach to produce amylopectin films with enhanced properties by the addition of micro fibrillated cellulose (MFC). Aqueous dispersions of gelatinized amylopectin, glycerol (0-38 wt%) and MFC (0-10 wt%) were cast at ambient temperature and 50% relative humidity and, after 10 days of storage, the tensile properties were investigated. The structure of the composite films was revealed by optical, atomic force and transmission electron microscopy. The moisture content was determined by thermogravimetry and the temperature-dependent film rigidity was measured by thermal mechanical analysis. Synchrotron simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray measurements revealed that the solutions had to be heated to above 85 degrees C in order to achieve complete gelatinization. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed uniformly distributed MFC aggregates in the films, with a length of 10-90 mu m and a width spanning from a few hundred nanometers to several microns. Transmission electron microscopy showed that, in addition to aggregates, single MFC microfibrils were also embedded in the amylopectin matrix. It was impossible to cast antylopectin films of sufficient quality with less than 38 wt% glycerol. However, when MFC was added it was possible to produce high quality films even without glycerol. The film without glycerol was stiff and strong but not brittle. It was suggested that this remarkable effect was due to its comparatively high moisture content. Consequently MFC acted both as a "conventional" reinforcement because of its fibrous structure and also indirectly as a plasticiser because its presence led to an increase in film moisture content.
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- Nordqvist, David, 1980-
(författare)
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Biodegradable Blends and Nanocomposite Films with Amylopectin, Poly(lactic acid) and Chitosan Matrices
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Användningan av engångsförpackningar har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren. Den absolut största delen av dessa förpackningar tillverkars av oljebaserade plaster såsom polyetylen (PE) och polypropylen (PP). Dessa har även en oerhört lång nedbrytningstid, vilket gör det viktigt att finna mer miljövänliga alternativ. Exempel på förnyelsebara och bionedbrytbara material är amylopektin (AP), kitosan och polymjölksyra (PLA). I denna avhandling presenteras arbete med att utveckla dessa material för att öka deras chanser att i framtiden användas som, förslagsvis, förpackningsmaterial. Nanokompositer baserade på AP och kitosan tillverkas genom att montmorillonitlera (MMT) och/eller mikrofibrillär cellulosa (MFC) inkorporeras i matrisen. En metod där en vattenlöslig reaktiv kompatibilisator används för att öka adhesionen mellan MMT och AP-matrisen presenteras. Mekanisk prövning visar på ökad styvhet and styrka när kompatibilisatorn används. Påverkan av olika värmebehandlingar innan, under och efter filmbildning redovisas. Med infraröd strålning (IR) och absorbtionsmätningar följs rektionen mellan fyllmedel och matris. Studier på MFC/AP visar att användningen av MFC leder till en anmärkningsvärd effect, det vanligen spröda amylopektinmaterialet blir en böjbar komposit utan att använda mjukgörare. Detta är möjligt tack vare att MFC är mycket hydroskopisk och, som de termiska mätningarna visar, binder vatten väldigt hart. Även mekaniska prövning av fiberkompositerna har studerats. Fiberkompositer baserade på kitosan har studerats tillsammans med en allmänt vedertagen buffringsmetod. De mekaniska egenskaperna i vått och torrt tillstånd har genom detta kunna förbättrats. Fiber och lerdistributionen i samtliga nanokompositer har även analyserats med X-ray, transmissions electron mikroskop (TEM), skanning electron mikroskop (SEM) och optiskt mikroskop (OM). Slutligen har PLA blandningar med AP producerats genom smältblandning. För att öka affiniteten mellan de två komponenterna har en nedbrytbar sort av polyetylenvinylalkohol (EVOH), med hög halt vinyl alkohol, använts som kompatibilisator. Den morphologiska stukturen har studerats genom SEM, OM, och Raman spektroskopi. En bra mixing erhölls även om en visss fasseparation kunde ses. När även glycerol ingick i systemet kunde en lite bättre dispersion fås.
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| 33. |
- Nordqvist, David, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of the wet properties of transparent chitosan-acetic-acid-salt films using microfibrillated cellulose
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 8:8, s. 2398-2403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report presents a new route to enhance the wet properties of chitosan-acetic-acid-salt films using microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). The enhancement makes it easier to form chitosan-acetic-acid-salt films into various shapes at room temperature in the wet state. Chitosan with MFC was compared with the well-known buffer treatment. It was observed that films containing 5 wt % MFC were visually identical to the buffered/unbuffered films without MFC. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy indicated that MFC formed a network with uniformly distributed fibrils and fibril bundles in the chitosan matrix. The addition of MFC reduced the risk of creases and deformation in the wet state because of a greater wet stiffness. The wet films containing MFC were also extensible. Although the stiffness, strength and extensibility were highest for the buffered films, the wet strength of the MFC-containing unbuffered films was sufficient for wet forming operations. The effects of MFC on the mechanical properties of the dry chitosan films were small or absent. It was concluded that the addition of MFC is an acceptable alternative to buffering for shaping chitosan films/products in the wet state. The advantages are that the "extra" processing step associated with buffering is unnecessary and that the film matrix remains more water-soluble.
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| 34. |
- Nordqvist, D., et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating Amylopectin in Poly(lactic Acid) by Melt Blending Using Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl Alcohol) as a Thermoplastic Carrier. (I) Morphological Characterization
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 115:3, s. 1315-1324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the possibility of using a biodegradable grade of thermoplastic poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) with high (71 mol %) vinyl alcohol (EVOH-29), as a carrier to incorporate the renewable and biodegradable component amylopectin (AP) into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) through melt blending, was investigated. The effect of using a plasticizer/compatibilizer (glycerol) in the blend systems was also investigated. In a first step, the EVOH/AP blends were produced and thereafter, in a second step, these were mixed with PLA. In this first study, the blend morphology was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman imaging spectroscopy and the thermal properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Despite the fact that EVOH and AP are both highly polar, their blends were immiscible. Still, the blends exhibited an excellent phase dispersion on a micron level, which was enhanced further by the addition of glycerol. A good phase dispersion was finally observed by incorporation of the latter blends in the PLA matrix, suggesting that the proposed blending route can be successfully applied for these systems. Finally, the Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data showed that the melting point of EVOH dropped in the EVOH/AP blends, but the properties of the PLA phase was still relatively unaffected as a result of blending with the above components.
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| 37. |
- Nordqvist, David, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of amylopectin/montmorillonite composite films containing a coupling agent
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 104:6, s. 4160-4167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of clay to polymers has the combined effects of enhancing both the strength / stiffness and the barrier properties. This investigation presents a novel approach to further enhance the strength / stiffness of cast plasticized amylopectin (AP)/Na+-montmorillonite clay films using a water-soluble coupling agent, poly[(isobutylene-alt-maleic acid, ammonium salt)-co-(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride)], between the filler and the matrix. The addition of clay increased the strength and stiffness of the film and the addition of 0.4 parts of a coupling agent per 1 part clay further increased these properties. The trends were the same after each treatment, and there were always significant differences in stiffness and strength between the films without clay and with clay with 0.4 parts of the coupling agent. The increase in stiffness / strength in the presence of a small amount of the coupling agent suggested that it had a bridging effect, presumably through strong secondary bonds to the clay and to the matrix. Infrared spectroscopy and moisture swelling experiments indicated that ester bonds were formed between the coupling agent and AP. X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the clay-particle / polymer structure was qualitatively independent of the presence of the coupling agent showing a mixture of intercalated clay stacks and exfoliated platelets.
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