| 1. |
- Liu, Bojing, et al.
(author)
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Working conditions, serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety disorders : a prospective cohort study
- 2013
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In: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 151:2, s. 652-659
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The etiology and pathology of anxiety disorders involve both genetic and environmental influences. Adverse working conditions may contribute to the development of anxiety. The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in stress sensitivity. Therefore, we investigated the potential interplay between 5-HTTLPR and job-related risk factors in the prediction of the occurrence of anxiety.METHODS: We conducted a prospective study using the first two waves of a Swedish population-based cohort. At Wave I, 1585 individuals without anxiety, depression or dysthymia who were active in the labor market during both waves were included. Information on job demands, skill discretion, decision authority and social climate was collected at Wave I. After a three year interval, the presence of anxiety disorders was determined at Wave II. All 1585 participants were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. Both additive and multiplicative models were considered in examining the potential interaction between 5-HTTLPR and adverse working conditions on the development of anxiety.RESULTS: Anxiety was associated with high job demands but not with 5-HTTLPR. An interaction was observed between 5-HTTLPR and high job demands among females. Individuals with 5-HTTLPR high expression genotype (LL) developed anxiety disorders more frequently when exposed to high job demands compared to 'LS/SS' carriers.LIMITATIONS: A limited number of participants developed anxiety.CONCLUSIONS: High job demands predict the development of anxiety. The 5-HTT polymorphism has a moderating effect on the relationship between high job demands and anxiety among females.
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| 2. |
- Nordqvist, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of denuder and impinger sampling for determination of gaseous toluene diisocyanate (TDI)
- 2001
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In: Fresenius´ Journal of Analytical Chemistry. - Berlin : Springer. - 0937-0633 .- 1432-1130. ; 371:1, s. 39-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An air-sampling method employing denuders coated inside with a chemisorptive stationary phase has been evaluated for analysis of the hazardous gaseous 2,4 and 2,6 isomers of toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The denuder stationary phase consisted of polydimethylsiloxane (SE-30) to which dibutylamine (DBA) was added as a reagent for derivatization of TDI. The accuracy and precision of sampling by means of denuders were shown to differ only slightly from those of the established impinger method. The denuder method was, however, also shown to be suitable for long-term measurements (up to 8 h). The limit of determination (LOD) of the method, including LC-APCI-MS-MS analysis, was found to be 1.9 µg m-3 and 1.2 µg m-3 for 2,4- and 2,6-TDI, respectively, for short-term measurements (15 min). Significant lower LOD was obtained for long-term measurements.This is well below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 8-h TWA (time weighted average) exposure limit, which is 40 µg m-3 for the sum of the TDI isomers. The denuder method was also found to be robust and easy to handle. The samplers can be prepared several days before sampling with no loss in performance. The contents of denuders should, on the other hand, be extracted immediately after sampling to prevent degradation of the isocyanate derivatives formed.
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| 3. |
- Nordqvist, Yvonne, 1975-
(author)
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Development and Evaluation of a Denuder-Filter System Designed for Sampling Diisocyanate Aerosols
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There are many occupational environments in which isocyanates or PUR-products are used, produced or processed. During these operations there is always a risk of isocyanate exposure, which may lead to severe health problems. Isocyanates principally affect the respiratory system and they are the main cause of occupational asthma. The prevalence of asthma among exposed workers is generally 5-10%, according to most studies, but figures as high as 30% have been reported.The most commonly used isocyanates may occur in both vapour and particulate forms. Their physical state may affect both their deposition in the airways and their impact on health. Nevertheless, the occupational exposure limit for isocyanates applies to the total amount of isocyanates present, regardless of their physical state. Setting different exposure limits for vapour and particles would require the air sampling step to be capable of separating and independently measuring the phases. This is not straightforward, since every sampling method may be affected by a number of possible sampling artefacts. To minimize such biases, a profound knowledge of the sampling system and its behaviour is required.In this thesis a chemosorptive cylindrical denuder and filter, connected to a sampling pump, has been developed for personal exposure measurements of isocyanates. The model compounds for the investigation and evaluation were some of the most commonly used diisocyanates in industry: toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Using a combination of dimethylpolysiloxane (SE-30) and dibutylamine (DBA) as a chemosorptive coating on both the inner wall of the denuder tube and the filter, the derivatisation was shown to be fast enough for efficient collection of the isocyanates. The repeatability of the air measurements was high, with variabilities generally between 5-10% in the measured concentration range. 15-min samplings were performed of both vapour and aerosols of nm-size, from below the OEL (5ppbv) up to 235 ppbv, without exceeding the coating capacity or causing breakthrough due to chromatographic movement. At the applied airflow rates, between 50 and 500 ml/min, the breakthrough, i.e. the percentage of the TDI vapour that passes through the denuder tube ending up on the filter, was shown to be consistent with amounts predicted by the Gormley-Kennedy equation. For isocyanate aerosols, extensive gas-stripping was shown to occur inside the denuder tube at the lower end of the investigated flow range. This phenomenon was minimized when a flow rate between 300 and 500 ml/min was applied (Papers III-IV).The great advantage of a denuder sampler compared to wet methods, such as the commonly used impinger method, is its suitability for personal exposure measurements. Due to its small size and absence of solvent it is more convenient to carry during a work shift. Furthermore, the results in Paper II indicate that 8-hour denuder measurements can be performed without detectable breakthrough of the vapour phase. The derivatives formed during the sampling of isocyanates were shown to be stable in the samplers for several days after the measurements were finished, provided both the denuder tubes and filters were stored in the freezer and in solvent containing excess reagent. Furthermore, filters and tubes could be prepared at least 4 d prior to sampling, without loss of performance. This is highly relevant to the applicability of the method for field measurements.Both LC-ESI-MS (Paper II-IV) and LC-APCI-MS (Paper I) were used to determine the analytes in the air samples. The former method exhibited the lowest detection limit for the isocyanate-DBA derivatives. Using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) the obtained method detection limit for the investigated compounds was below 10 ng/m3.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Nordqvist, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of denuder sampling for a mixture of three common gaseous diisocyanates
- 2003
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In: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. - Berlin : Springer. - 1618-2642. ; 375:6, s. 786-791
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A denuder sampler has been evaluated for a mixture of three gaseous diisocyanates, i.e. toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Sampling was performed at a total concentration of diisocyanates close to the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL), which is 10 ppbv (69–92 µg m–3), for a 5-min period. The denuder tube was coated with a chemosorptive stationary phase consisting of SE-30 (polydimethylsiloxane) and the derivatising reagent dibutylamine (DBA). It was shown that the denuder has a collection efficiency for HDI and IPDI comparable to that of an impinger method, while sampling of TDI resulted in an 8% lower concentration. Both short-term (15 min) and long-term (8 h) sampling periods were shown to yield reproducible results. For 8-h measurements, a sampling flow rate of 5 mL min–1 was shown to be suitable for the investigated concentration range, i.e. 10–100 ppbv (69–921 µg m–3). A flow rate of 25 mL min–1 or higher resulted in breakthrough after 8 h due to chromatography of the compounds in the adsorbent. The limit of detection (LOD) for the air sampling method is nearly 500 times lower than the OEL. The denuder tubes can be prepared at least 10 days prior to sampling without degradation of performance. Furthermore, they can be stored up to 6 days in a freezer after sampling without significant loss of analytes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nordqvist, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of a cylindrical chemosorptive denuder for sampling and phase separation of toluene diisocyanate aerosols
- 2005
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In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 382:5, s. 1294-1299
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A cylindrical chemosorptive denuder in series with a glass fibre filter has been evaluated for sampling toluene diisocyanate (TDI) aerosols. The sampler is designed for measuring personal exposure to diisocyanates. Several denuder coatings and derivatising reagents were investigated. Dimethylpolysiloxane (SE-30) and 5% phenyl dimethylpolysiloxane (SE-54) with either dibutylamine (DBA) or dipentylamine (DPeA) as derivatising reagents yielded the lowest vapour breakthrough (the amount (%) of the vapour that passes through the denuder), close to values predicted by theory. Immobilisation of the SE-30 denuder coating by in-situ cross-linking yielded comparable results. With an SE-30/DBA-coated denuder operating within an airflow range of 100–500 mL min−1, the phase separation was shown to be consistent with theoretical predictions derived by use of the Gormley–Kennedy equation. This provides a means of calculating the vapour breakthrough and correcting experimentally obtained values with regard to vapour–particulate phase distribution, suggesting that the denuder can provide accurate phase-distribution measurements. The SE-30/DBA denuder can be used over a concentration range spanning nearly six orders of magnitude. Its capacity is sufficient to perform 15-min exposure measurements of a TDI aerosol with air concentrations as high as 1,700 μg m−3, 40 times higher than the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL). At the other end of the range, the estimated limit of detection (LOD) was less than 2 ng m−3 for both the vapour and the aerosol phases when LC–ESI–MS–MS was used for chemical analysis.
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| 8. |
- Sörensen, Lene, et al.
(author)
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Expanded Screening of One Million Swedish Babies with R4S and CLIR for Post-Analytical Evaluation of Data.
- 2020
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In: International journal of neonatal screening. - : MDPI AG. - 2409-515X. ; 6:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has one neonatal screening laboratory, receiving 115 to 120 thousand samples per year. Among the one million babies screened by tandem mass spectrometry from November 2010 until July 2019, a total of 665 babies were recalled and 311 verified as having one of the diseases screened for with this methodology, giving a positive predictive value (PPV) of 47% and an incidence of 1:3200. The PPV was high (41%) already in the first year after start of screening, thanks to the availability of the collaborative project Region 4 Stork database. The PPV is presently 58%. This improvement was achieved by the implementation of second-tier analyses in the screening for methylmalonic aciduria, propionic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria, and homocystinuria, and the employment of various post analytical tools of the Region 4 Stork, and its successor the collaborative laboratory integrated reports.
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