| 1. |
- Abel, Edvard, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Study of Patient-Reported Outcomes and Their Association With Radiation Dose to the Cerebellum
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Radiation Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2452-1094. ; 7:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Although fatigue is a known side effect in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) receiving radiation therapy, knowledge regarding long-term fatigue and dose-response relationships to organs at risk is scarce. The aim of this prospective study was to analyze patient-reported fatigue in patients with HNC receiving radiation therapy and to explore any possible association with organ-at-risk doses. Methods and Materials: Patients with HNC referred for curative radiation therapy were eligible for inclusion in the study. To assess patient-reported fatigue, quality of life questionnaires (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-FA12) were distributed before treatment and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after the start of treatment. Mean dose (Dmean) and near maximum dose (D2%) of the cerebellum and brain stem were evaluated in relation to baseline-adjusted fatigue scores at 3 months. Results: One hundred twenty-six patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy between 2008 and 2010 were available for final analysis. Female sex and age <60 years were associated with higher fatigue at baseline, whereas patients also treated with chemotherapy had reduced physical and emotional fatigue at 6 months. Physical fatigue (QLQ-FA12 scale) increased from baseline up to 3 months (29 vs 59; P < .0001) but showed no difference compared with baseline from 1 to 5 years. Emotional fatigue was significantly lower at 5 years compared with baseline (14 vs 28; P < .0001). Patients with cerebellum Dmean > 3.5 Gy had higher mean physical fatigue scores at 3 months (38 vs 27; P = .036). Conclusions: Although there is a significant increase in fatigue scores for patients with HNC up to 1 year after radiation therapy, this study showed a return to baseline levels at 5 years. A possible association was found between physical fatigue and a higher mean dose to the cerebellum.
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| 2. |
- Ahlqvist, Margary, et al.
(författare)
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A new reliable tool (PVC assess) for assessment of peripheral venous catheters
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:6, s. 1108-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale and aims To evaluate the extensive use of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs), including catheter-related complications, a reliable tool for PVC assessment is needed. The aim of this study was to develop such a tool to evaluate PVCs in relation to management, documentation and signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis (TH), as well as to determine its inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Method The tool development included confirmation of content and face validity. Two groups of registered nurses used the new tool (PVC assess) to assess PVC management and signs of TH independently. Group A (n = 3) assessed 26 items in 67 PVCs bedside (inter-rater reliability). Group B (n = 3) assessed photographs (67 PVCs, 21 items) of the same PVCs as those in Group A with a 4-week interval (test-retest reliability). Proportion of agreement P(A) and Cohen's kappa were calculated to evaluate inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Results Among nurses assessing PVCs at bedside, the P(A) was good to excellent (0.80-1) in 96% of the items in PVC assess. In 80% of the items kappa was substantial to almost perfect (0.61-1). TH sign erythema fell into the fair range (kappa = 0.40). In test-retest reliability analysis the P(A) was within the good and excellent range (0.80-1.0) and kappa varied from moderate to almost perfect (0.41-1.0) in 95% of the items. One item 'outer dressing is clean' was in fair range (0.21-0.40). Conclusions The PVC assess instrument shows satisfactory inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Reliability tests on reviewing documentation remain to be performed.
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| 3. |
- Ahlqvist, Margary, et al.
(författare)
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Satisfactory reliability among nursing students using the instrument PVC ASSESS to evaluate management of peripheral venous catheters
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Access. - : SAGE Publications. - 1129-7298 .- 1724-6032. ; 15:2, s. 128-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Nursing students should be given opportunities to participate in clinical audits during their education. However, audit tools are seldom tested for reliability among nursing students. The aim of this study was to present reliability among nursing students using the instrument PVC assess to assess management of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) and PVC-related signs of thrombophlebitis. Methods: PVC assess was used to assess 67 inserted PVCs in 60 patients at ten wards at a university hospital. One group of nursing students (n= 4) assessed PVCs at the bedside (inter-rater reliability) and photographs of these PVCs were taken. Another group of students (n= 3) assessed the PVCs in the photographs after 4 weeks (test-retest reliability). To determine reliability, proportion of agreement [P(A)] and Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) were calculated. Results: For bedside assessment of PVCs, P(A) ranged from good to excellent (0.80-1.0) in 55% of the 26 PVC assess items that were tested. P(A) was poor (< 0.70) for two items: "adherence of inner dressing to the skin" and " PVC location." In 81% of the items, k was between moderate and almost perfect: moderate (n= 5), substantial (n= 3), almost perfect (n= 5). For edema at insertion site and two items on PVC dressing, k was fair (0.21-0.40). Regarding test-retest reliability, P(A) varied between good and excellent (0.81-1) in 85%-95% of the items, and the k ranged between moderate and almost perfect (0.41-1) in 90%-95%. Conclusions: PVC assess demonstrated satisfactory reliability among nursing students. However, students need training in how to use the instrument before assessing PVCs.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Blagojevic, Bosko, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for defining weights of decision makers in group decision-making, using consistency between different multicriteria weighting methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Forest Engineering. - 1494-2119 .- 1913-2220. ; 34, s. 130-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most forest operations are complex problems that require the weights of relevant criteria - representing trade-offs between various economic, ecological, and social aspects of the problem - to be defined. Usually this is done by using multicriteria weighting method(s) in a group (participatory) context in order to include different opinions and to minimize risk of poor individual judgments. Furthermore, in group decision-making, the weights of decision makers (DMs) must be defined. However, no consensus exists on the best way to determine related weights assigned to DMs. For that purpose, we propose the consistency-based group decision-making framework (CGDF), which uses the expertise of a DM to weight the responses of the DM when deriving an overall group decision. The novel part of CGDF is the inter-weights consistency method (ICM) for evaluating the expertise of a DM based on the consistency of the weights the DM assigns to different criteria using different multicriteria weighting methods. We demonstrate the utility of ICM and CGDF by applying them to a decision-making problem from Swedish forest operations - defining weights of criteria relevant for designing the machine-trail network for driving in the forest terrain.
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| 6. |
- Blagojevic, Bosko, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in Forest Operations - an Introductional Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Croatian Journal Of Forest Engineering. - 1845-5719. ; 40, s. 191-205
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision making in forestry is very complex and requires consideration of trade-offs among economic, environmental, and social criteria. Different multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods have been developed for structuring and exploring the decision-making process of such problems. Although MCDA methods are often used for forest management problems, they are rarely used for forest operation problems. This indicates that scholars and practitioners working with forest operations are either unaware of MCDA methods, or see no benefit in using these methods. Therefore, the prime objective of this review was to make MCDA methods more intelligible (compared with current level of understanding) to novice users within the field of forest operations. For that purpose, basic ideas as well as the strengths and limitations of selected MCDA methods are presented. The second objective was to review applications of MCDA methods in forest operations. The review showed that MCDA applications are suitable for forest operation problems on all three planning levels - strategic, tactical, and operational - but with least use on the operational level. This is attributed to: 1) limited availability of temporally relevant and correct data, 2) lack of time (execution of MCDA methods is time consuming), and 3) many operational planning problems are solved with regards to an economic criterion, with other criteria serving more as frames. However, with increased importance of environmental and social aspects, incorporating MCDA methods into the decision-making process on the operational planning horizon (e.g., by developing MCDA-based guidelines for forestry work) is essential.
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| 7. |
- Bränsvik, Vanja, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality in patients with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia : a registry-based study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 25:6, s. 1101-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in patients with dementia. In the elderly population, comorbidities frequently coexist with dementia and mortality in dementia is high. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of BPSD on mortality in severe dementia.Methods: This study of 11,448 individuals was based on linked information from the Swedish BPSD registry, the National Patient Register and the Cause of Death register. BPSD was assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed for survival analysis. To study different degrees of BPSD, data was categorized into groups: no (NPI, 0 points), mild (NPI, 1-3 points on >= 1 item), moderate (NPI, 4-8 points on >= 1 item) and severe (NPI, 9-12 points on >= 1 item) BPSD based on the highest score on any of the BPSD assessed (NPI items).Results: The presence of moderate or severe BPSD was associated with a stepwise increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.60 and HR 1.74; 95% CI 1.44-2.12, respectively) compared with individuals with no BPSD. In addition, there was an association between total NPI score and mortality (HR 1.01; 95% CI 1.007-1.010). The results remained significant after multivariable adjustment for age, sex, dementia diagnosis, medication, previous myocardial infarction, hip fracture and stroke.Conclusions: The results show a stepwise increase in mortality risk with increased BPSD, highlighting the importance of adequate management of BPSD to reduce mortality in dementia.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Att planera för hela skogslandskapet : utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2016
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Skogens många värden behöver samplaneras och sättas i sitt sammanhang utifrån ett landskapsperspektiv. Vi intervjuade skogsägare och skogliga intressenter om hur de ser på skogens värden, äganderätten och skogspolitiska förutsättningar, samt synen på att samarbeta och ta hänsyn till varandras intressen. Vi utgår från behov identifierade i planeringsprocesser som inkluderar många deltagare och intressen, när det gäller att förbättrakommunikation, information och mötesplatser. Vi ser tre möjliga verktyg för att skapa förutsättningar för ett landskapsperspektiv i planeringen av skogens värden: en landskapslots, en samverkansarena, samt utformningen och användandet av skogsbruksplanen.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Combining scientific and stakeholder knowledge in future scenario development - A forest landscape case study in northern Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 61, s. 122-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northern Swedish forests provide multiple ecosystem services. Integrating these values into the forest planning process frequently requires that not only forest owners but also other stakeholders be involved. The objective of this study is to assess the potential of future scenario development as a tool in forest planning. In a case study of the Vilhelmina municipality in northern Sweden, forest owners and stakeholders were interviewed, and aworkshopwas held to discuss important factors for the future development of the local landscape regarding ecological, socioeconomic and political issues. Combined with a researcher-conducted process, this resulted in three alternative scenarios. We conclude that the scenario development process has produced information that can be used in forest planning. The participatory element of the scenario development process could be extended further to enhance communication, learning and knowledge exchange. The participants' contribution to the scenario construction could also be elaborated, e.g., by further involving stakeholders in the formulation of alternative future manifestations and in the elaboration of scenarios. To achieve this, it is necessary to adapt the quantitative methods to the participatory situation, to foster discussion qualities, to secure representation and increase motivation for participation in different ways.
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| 11. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunites for Integrated Landscape Planning : the Broker, the Arena, the Tool
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Online. - 1865-1542. ; 55, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an integrated social and ecological system, the forest landscape includes multiple values. The need for a landscape approach in land use planning is being increasingly advocated in research, policy and practice. This paper explores how institutional conditions in the forest policy and management sector can be developed to meet demands for a multifunctional landscape perspective. Departing from obstacles recognised in collaborative planning literature, we build an analytical framework which is operationalised in a Swedish context at municipal level. Our case illustrating this is Vilhelmina Model Forest, where actual barriers and opportunities for a multiple-value landscape approach are identified through 32 semi-structured interviews displaying stakeholders’ views on forest values, ownership rights and willingness to consider multiple values, forest policy and management premises, and collaboration. As an opportunity to overcome the barriers, we suggest and discuss three key components by which an integrated landscape planning approach could be realized in forest management planning: the need for a landscape coordinator (broker), the need for a collaborative forum (arena), and the development of the existing forest management plan into an advanced multifunctional landscape plan (tool).
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Chaurasia, Chandra S., et al.
(författare)
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AAPS-FDA workshop white paper : microdialysis principles, application and regulatory perspectives
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0724-8741 .- 1573-904X. ; 24:5, s. 1014-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many decisions in drug development and medical practice are based on measuring blood concentrations of endogenous and exogenous molecules. Yet most biochemical and pharmacological events take place in the tissues. Also, most drugs with few notable exceptions exert their effects not within the bloodstream, but in defined target tissues into which drugs have to distribute from the central compartment. Assessing tissue drug chemistry has, thus, for long been viewed as a more rational way to provide clinically meaningful data rather than gaining information from blood samples. More specifically, it is often the extracellular (interstitial) tissue space that is most closely related to the site of action (biophase) of the drug. Currently microdialysis (microD) is the only tool available that explicitly provides data on the extracellular space. Although microD as a preclinical and clinical tool has been available for two decades, there is still uncertainty about the use of microD in drug research and development, both from a methodological and a regulatory point of view. In an attempt to reduce this uncertainty and to provide an overview of the principles and applications of microD in preclinical and clinical settings, an AAPS-FDA workshop took place in November 2005 in Nashville, TN, USA. Stakeholders from academia, industry and regulatory agencies presented their views on microD as a tool in drug research and development.
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| 14. |
- Chaurasia, Chandra S., et al.
(författare)
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AAPS-FDA Workshop White Paper : microdialysis principles, application, and regulatory perspectives
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0091-2700 .- 1552-4604. ; 47:5, s. 589-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many decisions in drug development and medical practice are based on measuring blood concentrations of endogenous and exogenous molecules. Yet most biochemical and pharmacological events take place in the tissues. Also, most drugs with few notable exceptions exert their effects not within the bloodstream, but in defined target tissues into which drugs have to distribute from the central compartment. Assessing tissue drug chemistry has, thus, for long been viewed as a more rational way to provide clinically meaningful data rather than gaining information from blood samples. More specifically, it is often the extracellular (interstitial) tissue space that is most closely related to the site of action (biophase) of the drug. Currently microdialysis (μD) is the only tool available that explicitly provides data on the extracellular space. Although μD as a preclinical and clinical tool has been available for two decades, there is still uncertainty about the use of μD in drug research and development, both from a methodological and a regulatory point of view. In an attempt to reduce this uncertainty and to provide an overview of the principles and applications of μD in preclinical and clinical settings, an AAPS-FDA workshop took place in November 2005 in Nashville, TN, USA. Stakeholders from academia, industry and regulatory agencies presented their views on μD as a tool in drug research and development.
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| 15. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing different forest values: Evaluation of forest management scenarios in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 103, s. 55-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Besides traditional timber production, other forest functions, such as biodiversity and recreation, have gained increasing importance during the last few decades. Demands on forests have become more diversified, thus making forest management and planning more complex. To meet these challenges, there is a growing interest in a more diversified silviculture, for which a number of different management options are available. However, it remains unclear how the various management options affect economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable forest management. Hence, in this study, we assess the consequences of various management options on different aspects of sustainable forest management through scenario analysis using a forestry decision support system. We evaluate 10 different forest management scenarios for two contrasting municipalities in Sweden, based on expert participation by way of a web-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework. We asked experts in economic, ecological, and social forest values, as well as those in reindeer husbandry, to weigh a number of indicators in their field of expertise against each other, and to create value functions for each indicator. We then determined scenario ranking for different sets of weights for economic, ecological and social forest values. Our results indicate that current management practices are favorable for economic aspects (wood production), while a number of scenarios would be better suited to fulfill the Swedish co-equal forest policy goal of production and consideration of environmental issues, such as scenarios with longer rotation periods, a larger share of set-asides and a higher share of continuous cover forestry. These measures would be beneficial not only for ecological values, but also for social values and for reindeer husbandry. Furthermore, we found that expert participation through the web-tool was a promising alternative to physical meetings that require more commitment in terms of time and resources.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ekesryd Nordström, Malin, 1971-
(författare)
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Särskild begåvning i en förskola och skola för alla
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on four articles, this compilation thesis analyses different actors’ constructions of giftedness and ideas about meeting gifted children’s needs in preschool and early childhood educational settings. Previous research has highlighted gifted children’s need for early educational adaptations and support for their continued development and maintained desire for learning. Because children’s early educational experiences influence their continued cognitive, social and emotional development, constructions of giftedness at different societal levels surrounding the child were important to explore. Questions addressed included how pre- school personnel, principals and parents of gifted children talk about giftedness, how the construction of giftedness changes over time in Swedish daily press, and what meanings talk about giftedness have for gifted children’s provided education in preschool and school. The theoretical framework underpinning the entire thesis is social constructivism. In addition, special educational perspectives, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory model, and discourse analysis were used to analyse the respondents’ understandings. Empirically, the thesis is based on material collected in four studies conducted between 2019-2021. These include an on-line questionnaire to preschool personnel (n=78), interviews with preschool teachers (10) and principals (5), interviews with parents (16), and an overview of Swedish newspaper articles about giftedness (n=72). Results show that constructions of giftedness create tensions by generating diverse ideas about the offered teaching in practice, alongside different views of hindering factors for providing an adequate education, organizational thresholds or lack of education about giftedness. Dilemmas included planning an education that meet the needs of all – as well as individual children’s needs. Another dilemma was naming someone gifted in a strong tradition of an egalitarian education. How preschool staff, principals, parents and newspaper debates construct giftedness is vital for making conscious choices and treatment of giftedness in a preschool and school for all.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Availability and mobilization of forest resources in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Forest Research. - 1612-4669 .- 1612-4677. ; 73, s. 703–712-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The available amount of wood supply is essential for national strategic planning and evaluation of forestry in Sweden. Since Sweden holds a large part of the forests in the European Union and plays a significant role in the global trade of wood-based products, a precise estimate of the potential of the Swedish forest resource is also important in regional and global outlook studies. In this study, we analyse factors influencing the availability and mobilization of wood supply. By comparing data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory with the stand registers of the five largest forest owners in Sweden, we estimate the productive forest area not included in the forest owners' stand databases. Our results show that 0.4 million hectares, or 5% of these large-scale forest owners productive forest area, is outside their stand registers and therefore neither included in their long-term harvesting plans nor in their nature conservation plans. For small-scale forest owners, we analyse the final felling rate during 2004-2020 using satellite imagery to estimate the proportion of properties that abstain from final fellings and thereby could affect the potential mobilization of wood supply. During this period, 32% of the forest properties owned by small-scale forest owners have not done any final felling. These forest estates hold in total 1.1 million hectares of productive forest land or 9% of the area owned by small-scale forest owners. This implies a gap between the potential and realistic estimates for Forest Available for Wood Supply.
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| 20. |
- Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Krav på beslutsstöd för deltagande och konflikthantering vid skoglig planering
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport avser att, utifrån erfarenheter kring skogliga konflikter och intressemotsättningar, belysa vad ett beslutsstödssystem kan behöva ha för egenskaper. Erfarenheterna bygger i allt väsentligt på arbete som utförts inom ramen för projektet ”Konflikthantering i skogar med hög nyttjandetäthet” som finansierats av Skogssällskapet. Umeå juni 2010 Författarna
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| 21. |
- Fagerqvist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Monoclonal antibodies selective for α-synuclein oligomers/protofibrils recognize brain pathology in Lewy body disorders and α-synuclein transgenic mice with the disease-causing A30P mutation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 126:1, s. 131-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusions of intraneuronal alpha-synuclein (-synuclein) can be detected in brains of patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The aggregation of -synuclein is a central feature of the disease pathogenesis. Among the different -synuclein species, large oligomers/protofibrils have particular neurotoxic properties and should therefore be suitable as both therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Two monoclonal antibodies, mAb38F and mAb38E2, with high affinity and strong selectivity for large -synuclein oligomers were generated. These antibodies, which do not bind amyloid-beta or tau, recognize Lewy body pathology in brains from patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies and detect pathology earlier in -synuclein transgenic mice than linear epitope antibodies. An oligomer-selective sandwich ELISA, based on mAb38F, was set up to analyze brain extracts of the transgenic mice. The overall levels of -synuclein oligomers/protofibrils were found to increase with age in these mice, although the levels displayed a large interindividual variation. Upon subcellular fractionation, higher levels of -synuclein oligomers/protofibrils could be detected in the endoplasmic reticulum around the age when behavioral disturbances develop. In summary, our novel oligomer-selective -synuclein antibodies recognize relevant pathology and should be important tools to further explore the pathogenic mechanisms in Lewy body disorders. Moreover, they could be potential candidates both for immunotherapy and as reagents in an assay to assess a potential disease biomarker.
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| 22. |
- Fallahi, Sara, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment Equality & Diversity Opportunities : Slutrapport för forskningsprojektet ’Rekrytering till sjöfarten – måste sjömän vara män?’
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När #metoo-rörelsen svepte över världen startade kvinnor i sjöfarten i Sverige ett eget upprop som lyfte ett stort antal frågor rörande den sociala arbetsmiljön ombord, detta blev under 2018 startskottet för initiativet Vågrätt.Vågrätt är ett samarbete mellan branschföreningar/arbetsgivarorganisationer, fackföreningar, akademi, myndigheter, studentföreningar och ideella organisationer inom den svenska sjöfartssektorn med målet att skapa en sjöfartssektor med arbetsmiljö i världsklass, med en nollvision om trakasserier och diskriminering för alla som arbetar inom sjöfartssektorn i Sverige.Med grund i detta startades forskningsprojektet REDO (Recruitment Equality & Diversity Opportunities) i januari 2020 som ett samarbetsprojekt mellan RISE Research Institutes of Sweden och Sjöfartsverket med en vision att förbättra den sociala arbetsmiljön ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv.Syftet med REDO är att skapa en trygg och inkluderande sjöfartsindustri där fler kvinnor ska vilja söka jobb till sjöss, samt känna sig motiverade och inspirerade att stanna kvar. Detta är ett förhållningssätt som behöver omfatta alla, från högsta ledningen till varje medarbetare.I detta projekt har vi använt Design Thinking som den övergripande, användarcentrerade problemformuleringen och lösningsmetoden. För att identifiera drivkrafter och hinder för ökad mångfald och rekrytering av fler kvinnor inom sjöfarten har vi genomfört undersökningar, intervjuer och workshops med kvinnor som arbetar eller har arbetat i sjöfartsbranschen i olika roller. En benchmarkstudie av andra mansdominerade branscher och deras mångfaldsstrategier genom marknadsföring och kommunikation, mentorskap och nätverksinitiativ, samt förändring av befintliga normer och arbetskulturer, har gett inspiration till hur sjöfartsnäringen kan hantera jämlikhet och mångfald för att förbättra den sociala arbetsmiljön ombord.Denna rapport avser att sammanfatta de resultat och insikter som genererats genom detta projekt och att ge rekommendationer för hur sjöfartsnäringen kan fortsätta att främja mångfald genom att erbjuda en social arbetsmiljö som är byggd på tre hörnstenar av trygghet, inkludering och motivation. Mer detaljerad dokumentation av resultat från olika genomförda studier kompletterar denna rapport som fyra bilagor.
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| 23. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for production forests : Trade-offs, synergies, and uncertainties in biodiversity and ecosystem services delivery in Northern Europe
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53, s. 1-16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies (CCAMS) are changes to the management of production forests motivated by the need to mitigate climate change, or adapt production forests to climate change risks. Sweden is employing CCAMS with unclear implications for biodiversity and forest ecosystem services (ES). Here, we synthesized evidence from 51 published scientific reviews, to evaluate the potential implications for biodiversity and a range of provisioning, regulating, and cultural ES, from the adoption of CCAMS relative to standard forestry practice. The CCAMS assessed were the adoption of (i) mixed-species stands, (ii) continuous cover forestry, (iii) altered rotation lengths, (iv) conversion to introduced tree species, (v) logging residue extraction, (vi) stand fertilization, and (vii) altered ditching/draining practices. We highlight the complexity of biodiversity and ES outcomes, identify knowledge gaps, and emphasize the importance of evidence-based decision making and landscape-scale planning when navigating choices involving the widespread adoption of CCAMS.
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| 24. |
- Filyushkina, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Expert assessment of landscape-level conservation strategies in boreal forests for biodiversity, recreation and water quality
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal for Nature Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1617-1381 .- 1618-1093. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining effects of landscape-level conservation strategies is needed, yet a challenging and costly endeavour. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of landscape-level conservation strategies in forests on biodiversity and provision of two ecosystem services (recreation and water quality). Specifically, we focused on the spatial allocation of unmanaged areas in production forests and different levels of "land sharing" or "land sparing". They were represented through seven scenarios constructed for a boreal managed forest landscape in central Sweden. All scenarios had the same total level of conservation effort, but they differed in the combinations of sizes of unmanaged areas and how these areas were spread in the landscape. In one scenario, this was complemented with extended rotation of production areas. Experts (researchers in relevant fields) assessed these scenarios for overall biodiversity, recreation, and water quality. We used the Delphi technique: experts filled out an online survey individually in two rounds. In the second round they were familiarized with anonymized responses of others from the previous round. There was little agreement between experts whether concentration of unmanaged areas in one part of the landscape or dispersion of them around the entire area is more beneficial, for biodiversity as well as for the two ecosystem services. The explanation of the opinions given by biodiversity experts were based on different ecological theories resulting in different conclusions (mainly habitat complementation vs. metapopulation ecology). A few large unmanaged areas were considered more beneficial for biodiversity than many small areas. The main argument was that long-term species persistence becomes higher with larger areas. For recreation and water quality, there were almost no differences in estimates between these two strategies. One "land sharing" approach, retention trees, received the lowest score. The second "land sharing" approach, extended rotation, was scored higher, especially regarding recreation. This may be because extended rotations generate features of high recreational value, such as mature, thinned forests with not so much dead wood. Conclusively, we suggest a strategy of mixed conservation measures, with considerable efforts directed towards establishing and maintaining large unmanaged areas.
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| 25. |
- Fjellström, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing physical activity through an adapted web-based exercise program for people with intellectual disabilities : Support staff are crucial for feasibility
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JARID. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 37:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are less physically active and suffer from ill-health more than the general population. Support staff play an important role in the person's life. This study aimed to explore the support staff's experiences regarding the feasibility of adapted web-based exercise for people with intellectual disabilities.MethodParticipants with intellectual disabilities living in community-based settings were recruited for a web-based exercise study. Eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with their support staff before and after the intervention period.ResultsThe main theme, ‘Support staff are crucial for feasibility’ encompasses the importance of communication, structure, and motivation in improving physical activity for people with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionThe experiences of support staff, indicate that a web-based exercise program is feasible for the target group, and one way to overcome challenges for PA, where the role of the staff is crucial.
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| 26. |
- Fälth, Linda, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Corona-pandemins påverkan på lågstadieelevers läsinlärning
- 2021
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Via stiftelsen LegiLexis läsfärdighetstester har vi analyserat elevers testresultat på två läsfärdighetstester: avkodning och läsförståelse. Totalt har resultat från drygt 145 000 elever i årskurs 1–3 analyserats – drygt 60 000 elever har testats under coronapandemin och drygt 85 000 elever innan pandemin. Ingen ”coronaeffekt” kunde ses på något mått i någon årskurs inom respektivefärdighet,oavsett om man undersökte medelvärden, standardavvikelser eller andelen elever inom olika nivåer. Slutsatsen är att läsförmågan hos svenska lågstadieelever generellt inte harpåverkats negativt av coronapandemin, men att det både innan och under pandeminär många elever som inte lär sig läsa under lågstadieåren
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| 27. |
- Geisler, Christian H., et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term progression-free survival of mantle cell lymphoma after intensive front-line immunochemotherapy with in vivo-purged stem cell rescue : a nonrandomized phase 2 multicenter study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 112:7, s. 2687-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is considered incurable. Intensive immunochemotherapy with stem cell support has not been tested in large, prospective series. In the 2nd Nordic MCL trial, we treated 160 consecutive, untreated patients younger than 66 years in a phase 2 protocol with dose-intensified induction immunochemotherapy with rituximab (R) + cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone (maxi-CHOP), alternating with R + high-dose cytarabine. Responders received high-dose chemotherapy with BEAM or BEAC (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan/cyclophosphamide) with R-in vivo purged autologous stem cell support. Overall and complete response was achieved in 96% and 54%, respectively. The 6-year overall, event-free, and progression-free survival were 70%, 56%, and 66%, respectively, with no relapses occurring after 5 years. Multivariate analysis showed Ki-67 to be the sole independent predictor of event-free survival. The nonrelapse mortality was 5%. The majority of stem cell products and patients assessed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after transplantation were negative. Compared with our historical control, the Nordic MCL-1 trial, the event-free, overall, and progression-free survival, the duration of molecular remission, and the proportion of PCR-negative stem cell products were significantly increased (P < .001). Intensive immunochemotherapy with in vivo purged stem cell support can lead to long-term progression-free survival of MCL and perhaps cure. Registered at www.isrctn.org as #ISRCTN 87866680.
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| 28. |
- Geisler, Christian H., et al.
(författare)
-
The Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) is superior to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) in predicting survival following intensive first-line immunochemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 115:8, s. 1530-1533
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a heterogeneous clinical course. The recently proposed Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (MIPI) predicted the survival of MCL better than the International Prognostic Index in MCL patients treated with conventional chemotherapy, but its validity in MCL treated with more intensive immunochemotherapy has been questioned. Applied here to 158 patients of the Nordic MCL2 trial of first-line intensive immunochemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, the MIPI and the simplified MIPI (s-MIPI) predicted survival significantly better (P < .001) than the International Prognostic Index (P > .004). Both the MIPI and the s-MIPI mainly identified 2 risk groups, low and intermediate versus high risk, with the more easily applied s-MIPI being just as powerful as the MIPI. The MIPI(B) (biological), incorporating Ki-67 expression, identified almost half of the patients as high risk. We suggest that also a simplified MIPI(B) is feasible.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gustafsson, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-synuclein oligomer-selective antibodies reduce intracellular accumulation and mitochondrial impairment in alpha-synuclein exposed astrocytes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroinflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-2094. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Due to its neurotoxic properties, oligomeric alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has been suggested as an attractive target for passive immunization against Parkinson’s disease (PD). In mouse models of PD, antibody treatment has been shown to lower the levels of pathogenic α-syn species, including oligomers, although the mechanisms of action remain unknown. We have previously shown that astrocytes rapidly engulf α-syn oligomers that are intracellularly stored, rather than degraded, resulting in impaired mitochondria.Methods: The aim of the present study was to investigate if the accumulation of α-syn in astrocytes can be affected by α-syn oligomer-selective antibodies. Co-cultures of astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes were derived from embryonic mouse cortex and exposed to α-syn oligomers or oligomers pre-incubated with oligomer-selective antibodies.Results: In the presence of antibodies, the astrocytes displayed an increased clearance of the exogenously added α-syn, and consequently, the α-syn accumulation in the culture was markedly reduced. Moreover, the addition of antibodies rescued the astrocytes from the oligomer-induced mitochondrial impairment.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that oligomer-selective antibodies can prevent α-syn accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured astrocytes.
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| 32. |
- Hallberg-Sramek, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
-
Bringing “Climate-Smart Forestry” Down to the Local Level : Identifying Barriers, Pathways and Indicators for Its Implementation in Practice
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The theoretical concept of “climate-smart forestry” aims to integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation to maintain and enhance forests’ contributions to people and global agendas. We carried out two local transdisciplinary collaboration processes with the aim of developing local articulations of climate-smart forestry and to identify barriers, pathways and indicators to applying it in practice. During workshops in northern and southern Sweden, local stakeholders described how they would like forests to be managed, considering their past experiences, future visions and climate change. As a result, the stakeholders framed climate-smart forestry as active and diverse management towards multiple goals. They identified several conditions that could act both as barriers and pathways for its implementation in practice, such as value chains for forest products and services, local knowledge and experiences of different management alternatives, and the management of ungulates. Based on the workshop material, a total of 39 indicators for climate-smart forestry were identified, of which six were novel indicators adding to the existing literature. Our results emphasize the importance of understanding the local perspectives to promote climate-smart forestry practices across Europe. We also suggest how the concept of climate-smart forestry can be further developed, through the interplay between theory and practice.
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| 33. |
- Hallberg-Sramek, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
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Combining scientific and local knowledge improves evaluating future scenarios of forest ecosystem services
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0416 .- 2212-0416. ; 60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest scenario analysis can help tackle sustainability issues by generating insight into the potential long-term effects of present-day management. In northern Sweden, forests provide important benefits including climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, reindeer husbandry, local livelihoods, and recreation. Informed by local stakeholders’ views on how forests can be enabled to deliver these benefits, we created four forest management scenarios: the close-to-nature scenario (CTN) which emphasises biodiversity conservation, the classic management scenario (CLA) optimising the forests’ net present value, the intensified scenario (INT) maximising harvested wood from the forest, and the combined scenario (COM) applying a combination of measures from the CTN and INT. The scenarios were applied to the local forest landscape and modelled over a 100-year simulation period, and the results of the modelling were then evaluated by a diverse group of stakeholders. For most ecosystem services, there was a time lag of 10–50 years before noticeable effects and differences between the scenarios became evident, highlighting the need to consider both the short- and long-term effects of forest management. Evaluation by the stakeholders put the modelled results into a local context. They raised considerations relating to wildlife and hunting, climate change risks, social acceptability, and conflict, highlighting the value of evaluating the scenarios qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Overall, stakeholders thought that the CTN and CLA scenarios promoted more ecosystem services and posed fewer climate risks, while also creating less conflict among stakeholders. Our results emphasise the value of combining scientific and local knowledge when developing and evaluating future forest scenarios.
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| 34. |
- Hallin, Anna Eva, et al.
(författare)
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No learning loss in Sweden during the pandemic : Evidence from primary school reading assessments
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Educational Research. - : Elsevier. - 0883-0355 .- 1873-538X. ; 114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has led to worldwide school closures, with a risk of learning loss. Sweden kept primary schools open, but it is unknown whether student and teacher absence and pandemic-related stress factors affected teaching and student progress negatively. In this study, reading assessment data from 97,073 Swedish primary school students (grades 1-3) were analysed to investigate potential learning loss. Results showed that word decoding and reading comprehension scores were not lower during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic, that students from low socio-economic backgrounds were not especially affected, and that the proportion of students with weak decoding skills did not increase during the pandemic. Study limitations are discussed. We conclude that open schools benefitted Swedish primary school students.
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| 35. |
- Holmer, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic involvement predicts cardiovascular risk in adults with childhood onset craniopharyngioma on long-term GH therapy.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 16, s. 671-679
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Craniopharyngioma patients without GH therapy are at an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and particularly concerning women. No previous study on long-term GH therapy in adults with childhood onset (CO) craniopharyngioma was identified. Objective: To investigate CVD risk in adults with CO craniopharyngioma on complete hormone replacement, including long-term GH therapy, and to investigate the impact of disease-related factors on CVD risk. Design and participants: In a cross-sectional study of operated CO craniopharyngiomas (1958–2000) from a defined area of Sweden (2.5 million), we enrolled 42 patients (20 women) with a median age of 28 years (range 17–57) and assessed CVD risk of 20 (4–40) years after first operation. Comparisons were made with matched controls and between patients with tumor growth into the third ventricle (TGTV) versus non-TGTV. GH therapy was 10–12 years in women and men. Results: In comparison with controls, both male and female patients had increased body mass index, fat mass, insulin, and leptin levels. Overall, while not significantly increased in male patients, 55–60% of female patients had a medium–high CVD risk, compared with 10–20% in controls. An increased CVD risk (all P<0.05) and higher levels of fat mass and insulin were recorded in the TGTV group versus the non-TGTV group. Late puberty induction and lack of androgens were shown in female patients. Conclusions: Adult patients with CO craniopharyngioma, especially those with TGTV, have persistently increased CVD risk. Conventional hormone substitution, including GH, is insufficient to normalize CVD risk, suggesting an important role for irreversible hypothalamic dysfunction.
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| 36. |
- Holmström, Hampus, et al.
(författare)
-
VALKMAN Värde- och kunskapsbaserad förvaltning av skogslandskapet
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet VALKMAN har utvecklat en värde- och kunskapsbaserad modell för förvaltning av det framtida landskapet. Modellen innefattar metoder för att:Skatta tillgången på så kallade ekosystemvärden.Utarbeta kontrasterande scenarier för skogslandskapets utveckling.Involvera intressenter i planeringsprocessen för den framtida skogsförvaltningen.Resultatet kan användas av exempelvis länsstyrelser och Skogsstyrelsen i rådgivningsprocesser relaterade till grön infrastruktur som berör många olika intressen och många olika intressenter, samt i samverkansprocesser mellan skogsbruk och andra areella näringar (till exempel rennäring) och andra användare av den aktuella skogen.Det svenska skogslandskapet nyttjas av en rad olika markanvändare, och trycket på vad skogen ska leverera ekonomiskt, ekologiskt och socialt ökar. Utöver skogsbruk påverkar även exempelvis gruvdrift, vindkraftverk och rennäring landskapet och dess ekosystemtjänster. Eftersom många av dessa tjänster står i konflikt med varandra behöver effekten av olika markanvändningar tydliggöras. Forskningsprojektet har undersökt olika skötselscenarier för skogen och scenariernas framtida betydelse för virkesproduktion, biologisk mångfald och för ett antal indikatorer för olika ekosystemtjänster. För att utforma en god förvaltningsstrategi räcker det inte med endast information kring möjliga konsekvenser av markanvändningen. Om framtida konflikter ska minskas krävs även att olika intressenters preferenser och värderingar tas i beaktning. En uthållig förvaltning av landskapet kräver samverkansprocesser som baseras både på faktisk kunskap om landskapet och på olika intressenters behov. Forskningsprojektet har därför även undersökt hur sådana behov kan vägas in i utformningen. Syftet med projektet har varit att förbättra beslutsfattande och förvaltning av skogslandskap genom att föra samman skattningar av ekosystemvärden, flermåls- och scenarioanalyser i en samverkansprocess. Med detta som bas har en förvaltningsmodell för långsiktig planering för olika ekosystemvärden tagits fram.I ett första steg involverades en rad intressenter för att identifiera vilka mål de med brukandet av det aktuella skogslandskapet. Samband och motsättningar mellan olika mål identifierades och användes för att strukturera planeringsproblemet. Modellen testades i två studieområden, ett i Västerbotten (kallat "Käringberget") och ett i Norrköpingstrakten (kallat "Kolmården"). I Käringberget låg fokus på virkesproduktion och tillgången på bär, vilt och renlav. I Kolmården var fokus på - förutom virkesproduktion - rekreation och friluftsliv. Bland de deltagande intressenterna fanns bland annat representanter från skogsbolag, skogsägarföreningar, länsstyrelser, samebyar, jaktlag samt Naturskyddsföreningen. I steg två togs olika skötselscenarier fram. Med hjälp av programmet Heureka gjordes en utvärdering av scenariernas effekter på de olika ekosystemvärdena. Här användes också nyametoder för att skatta tillgången på till exempel marklavar och blåbär kallat "Non Tree Vegetation (NTV) Models". Resultaten användes sedan i steg tre för att låta intressenterna utvärdera de olika skötselscenarierna. Slutresultatet är en rangordning som beskriver hur väl olika alternativa scenarier uppfyller de mål man ställt upp utifrån hur viktiga intressenterna bedömt att dessa är. I detta steg utvecklades och testades arbetssätt för att involvera intressenter i planerings- och beslutsprocessen. Metoderna bidrar till att göra beslut strukturerade och transparenta och ger utrymme för att involvera olika intressenter och subjektiva preferenser i planeringsprocesser.När ett visst skogsskötselscenario beskriver utvecklingen över tid för en mängd olika ekosystemvärden är det ytterst ovanligt att alla värden uppvisar en positiv utveckling, att erhålla "mer av allt", hur eftersträvansvärt det än är. I praktiken får man istället vara beredd på eftergifter – vilka och hur stora är en central fråga som endast kan besvaras efter noggranna över- och avvägningar i samverkan med intressenterna.Med hjälp av kartor, tabeller och diagram kan deltagarna i samverkansprocessen utvärdera skötselscenarierna utifrån den presenterade informationen. Intressenterna erhåller då information om vad skötselstrategierna i scenarierna innebär för flera olika mål. Därmed tar intressenterna informerade beslut när scenarierna utvärderas. Metoden tydliggör vilka eftergifter som behöver göras för att en önskad skötselstrategi ska kunna implementeras. Den här tillämpade flermålsanalysen, så kallad "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis" (MCDA), är en användbar metod för att finna en samverkansprocess som tar hänsyn till både kvantitativa data och subjektiva värden. Resultaten som tas fram med MCDA är värdefulla som stöd för planering och som underlag för diskussioner med intressenter, men bör inte betraktas som "det enda rätta sättet" eller något som ska implementeras till punkt och pricka – anpassningsförmåga och lyhördhet inför den aktuella skogsförvaltningssituationen är alltjämt avgörande för dess framgång.
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| 37. |
- Hörnberg, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Fire as an important factor for the genesis of boreal Picea abies swamp forests in Fennoscandia
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 22:2, s. 203-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The initial establishment of Picea abies in Sweden and Norway on a landscape level, between 3000 and 1000 years ago, was often preceded by recurrent fire and thereafter the influence of fire decreased. However, in some swamp forests, the absence of fire over the last 3500 years has promoted the continuous presence of deciduous trees, i.e. Picea has not established although it has been present regionally for over 3000 years. Our objective was to study long-term vegetation development and fire history in a Picea swamp forest located close (c. 600 m) to a deciduous swamp forest with a documented fire-free history in northernmost Sweden. The study included analyses of charred particles, pollen and ignition residues. Principal component analysis was applied to identify major changes in the pollen spectra. Our results showed that the current Picea swamp forest has developed from a deciduous fen and that fires affected the fen between 6700 and 2300 cal. yr BP. Picea abies established on the fen around 2200 cal. yr BP, following the last local on-site fire. The main factors responsible for the local vegetation development have been: fire (6700 to 2300 cal. yr BP); autogenous processes and climate (2300 to 1000 cal. yr BP); autogenous processes or anthropogenic impact (1000 to 300 cal. yr BP); anthropogenic impact through selective cutting and grazing (300 to 100 cal. yr BP); and autogenous processes and grazing (100 cal. yr BP to present). We conclude that fire facilitated the initial Picea abies establishment. Once established, Picea abies created local conditions that in combination with a colder and wetter climate prevented fire and the establishment of other tree species.
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| 38. |
- Jönsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial risk factors in families with infants: a municipality survey
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - 0107-4083. ; 26:3, s. 9-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Difficulties in a family's psychosocial situation during the period of infancy are associated with mental problems and behavioural disorders in children. The aim of the study was to identify the extent and type of psychosocial factors in families with infants, including social aspects, mental problems and substance abuse as well as circumstances surrounding the birth. All infants born between March 1st 2000 and August 31st 2001 whose parents had adequate knowledge of the Swedish language (N=576) were included. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Psychosocial risk factors were found in the families of 24% of infants whose mothers were of Swedish origin and in the families of 58% of infants whose mothers were of foreign origin. The most common risk factors were: unemployment, premature birth, and one or both parents exhibiting signs of great worry and anxiety in relation to their child and parenthood. The study also shows that mental problems and substance abuse were only present in a very small number of parents. Furthermore, the study indicates the need to review the strategies used within child health care to identify families at risk of developing mental problems and behavioural disorders as a result of dysfunctionality in their psychosocial situation during their child's infancy. It is important to study the professional network surrounding families in more detail, both in order to detect psychosocial risk factors and to develop and evaluate interventions.
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| 39. |
- Kahn, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based study of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 found that 36% of children had persistent symptoms
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 111:2, s. 354-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Our aim was to describe the outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. Methods: This national, population-based, longitudinal, multicentre study used Swedish data that were prospectively collected between 1 December 2020 and 31 May 2021. All patients met the World Health Organization criteria for MIS-C. The outcomes 2 and 8weeks after diagnosis are presented, and follow-up protocols are suggested. Results: We identified 152 cases, and 133 (87%) participated. When followed up 2weeks after MIS-C was diagnosed, 43% of the 119 patients had abnormal results, including complete blood cell counts, platelet counts, albumin levels, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. After 8weeks, 36% of 89 had an abnormal patient history, but clinical findings were uncommon. Echocardiogram results were abnormal in 5% of 67, and the most common complaint was fatigue. Older children and those who received intensive care were more likely to report symptoms and have abnormal cardiac results. Conclusion: More than a third (36%) of the patients had persistent symptoms 8weeks after MIS-C, and 5% had abnormal echocardiograms. Older age and higher levels of initial care appeared to be risk factors. Structured follow-up visits are important after MIS-C.
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| 40. |
- Karlsson, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Tracing a bog-iron bloomery furnace in an adjacent lake-sediment record in Ängersjö, central Sweden, using pollen and geochemical signals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-6314 .- 1617-6278. ; 25:6, s. 569-581
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies of bloomery sites in Sweden indicate the amount of iron produced with this early low-technology smelter was greater than previously thought, which implies greater economic importance. Little is known about the history of bloomery technology, not least the timeframe over which individual bloomeries were operated, as well as their impact on the landscape because of resource consumption and pollution. In this study we performed pollen and geochemical analyses of the lake-sediment record from Rortjarnen, which is 120 m from the remains of a documented bloomery [one radiocarbon date: ad 1300-1435 (1 sigma)], in A"ngersjo, Halsingland. A surface-soil transect shows a limited geochemical signal only within 20 m of the bloomery, and the sediment pollen record provides little direct evidence of an active bloomery and is consistent with other studied sites in the area linked to forest grazing or cultivation. Instead, we find major changes in sediment geochemistry during ad 800-1200, centered on a unique peak in Pb at ad 1030-1060. These changes include, e.g., Si (biogenic) and P, together with changes in pollen (e.g., Betula, Picea, Cyperaceae), which together indicate disturbance in the forest and especially the adjoining fen. We attribute these changes to a period of bloomery-related activities predating the radiocarbon date of the charcoal from the bloomery, and suggest that date represents a late phase for the site.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Klapwijk, Maartje, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing complexity : Forests, decision-making and climate change mitigation action
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 52, s. 238-247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Managed forests can play an important role in climate change mitigation due to their capacity to sequester carbon. However, it has proven difficult to harness their full potential for climate change mitigation. Managed forests are often referred to as socio-ecological systems as the human dimension is an integral part of the system. When attempting to change systems that are influenced by factors such as collective knowledge, social organization, understanding of the situation and values represented in society, initial intentions often shift due to the complexity of political, social and scientific interactions. Currently, the scientific literature is dispersed over the different factors related to the socio-ecological system. To examine the level of dispersion and to obtain a holistic view, we review climate change mitigation in the context of Swedish forest research. We introduce a heuristic framework to understand decision-making connected to climate change mitigation. We apply our framework to two themes which span different dimensions in the socio-ecological system: carbon accounting and bioenergy. A key finding in the literature was the perception that current uncertainties regarding the reliability of different methods of carbon accounting inhibits international agreement on the use of forests for climate change mitigation. This feeds into a strategic obstacle affecting the willingness of individual countries to implement forest-related carbon emission reduction policies. Decisions on the utilization of forests for bioenergy are impeded by a lack of knowledge regarding the resultant biophysical and social consequences. This interacts negatively with the development of institutional incentives regarding the production of bioenergy using forest products. Normative disagreement about acceptable forest use further affects these scientific discussions and therefore is an over-arching influence on decision-making. With our framework, we capture this complexity and make obstacles to decision-making more transparent to enable their more effective resolution. We have identified the main research areas concerned with the use of managed forest in climate change mitigation and the obstacles that are connected to decision making.
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| 43. |
- Kraxner, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Planning the future forests: managing for wildlife in a climate constrained landscape
- 2017
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - 9783902762887 ; , s. 655-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multipurpose functionality is a paradigm when it comes to forest management. This includes sustainability, resilience, stand stability, wildlife management, recreation, clean water and air, or healthy soils - to name a few. The world is aiming at a maximum global warming of 2-deg by 2100, but cumulative emissions are still rising. Higher temperatures are associated with higher risks of extreme events such as storm, flood, droughts, pests and fires etc. - and at the same time, forest systems are key for any mitigation activity to avoid such dangerous climate change. But how will a managed forest look like in the future? How can we understand the underlying dynamics and make our forests fit for the increased need for carbon storage, biomass for energy and sustainable wood and non-wood forest products like game, while maintaining biodiversity, recreational and protected areas. Moreover, we need to address all challenges on limited land and establish action from policy development allthe way to their implementation within a short time frame. Based on Sweden's forests, traditionally considered a role model for successfully bridging a multitude of demands, we present a modeling approach that should serve as a planning tool for enhancing forests' risk resilience and capacity of integrating diverse demands and different ecosystem-services. Guided by the expertise of Sweden's Environmental Protection Agency, national forest and habitat shift models from SLU and KTH will be linked with global land use models and engineering tools from IIASA. Hereby, special emphasis will be put on ecosystem services from wildlife, different scenarios of forest intensification and the optimization of biomass for bioenergy production. First estimates show that spatially explicit modeling can substantially support decision making by optimizing multipurpose use of both managed and protected areas and steering habitat shift for maintaining biodiversity and improving wildlife (game)management.
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| 44. |
- Lindström, Veronica, et al.
(författare)
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Immunotherapy targeting α-synuclein protofibrils reduced pathology in (Thy-1)-h[A30P] α-synuclein mice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-9961 .- 1095-953X. ; 69, s. 134-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several lines of evidence suggest that accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) in the central nervous system (CNS) is an early pathogenic event and therefore a suitable therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body disorders. In recent years, animal studies have indicated immunotherapy with antibodies directed against α-synuclein as a promising novel treatment strategy. Since large α-synuclein oligomers, or protofibrils, have been demonstrated to possess pronounced cytotoxic properties, such species should be particularly attractive as therapeutic targets. An α-synuclein protofibril-selective monoclonal antibody, mAb47, was evaluated in the (Thy-1)-h[A30P] α-synuclein transgenic mouse model, featuring an age- and motor dysfunction-associated increase of α-synuclein protofibrils in the CNS. As measured by ELISA, mAb47-treated mice displayed significantly lower levels of both soluble and membrane-associated protofibrils in the spinal cord. In addition, a trend for increased survival as a result of reduced motor symptoms was observed with antibody treatment. Taken together, this study demonstrates reduced levels of pathogenic α-synuclein and indicates a reduction of motor dysfunction in transgenic mice upon peripheral administration of an α-synuclein protofibril-selective antibody. Thus, immunotherapy with antibodies targeting toxic α-synuclein species holds promise as a future disease-modifying treatment in Parkinson’s disease and related disorders.
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| 45. |
- Lopatko Lindman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Herpesvirus infections, antiviral treatment, and the risk ofdementia : a registry-based cohort study in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alzheimer’s & Dementia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2352-8737. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Herpesviruses, including Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and varicella zoster‐virus (VZV), have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Likewise, antiviral treatment has been suggested to protect against dementia development in herpes‐infected individuals.Methods: The study enrolled 265,172 subjects aged ≥ 50 years, with diagnoses of VZV or HSV, or prescribed antiviral drugs between 31 December 2005 and 31 December 2017. Controls were matched in a 1:1 ratio by sex and birth year.Results: Antiviral treatment was associated with decreased risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86 to 0.92), while herpes infection without antiviral drugs increased the risk of dementia (adjusted HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.74).Discussion: Antiviral treatment was associated with a reduced long‐term risk of dementia among individuals with overt signs of herpes infection. This is consistent with earlier findings indicating that herpesviruses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Lämås, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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The design and use of forest decision support systems in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computer-based tools for supporting forest management: the experience and the expertise world-wide. Computer-based tools for supporting forest management: the experience and the expertise world-wide.. ; , s. 403-418
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
- Lämås, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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The multi-faceted Swedish Heureka forest decision support system: context, functionality, design, and 10 years experiences of its use
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in forests and global change. - 2624-893X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several decades, computerized forest decision support systems (DSS) have helped managers and decision makers to analyze different management options and supported the search for preferred management alternatives. In Sweden, a country rich in forests and with a long tradition in intensive forest management, such systems have been developed and available since the 1970s. Changes in societal as well as in forest owners' preferences and objectives in the 1990s led to a need for forest DSS handling broader perspectives compared to precedent single-objective timber-oriented systems. In Sweden, this led to the initiation of a research programme in the beginning of the 2000s aiming at developing a versatile and multi-objective forest DSS, resulting in the first version of the Heureka forest DSS released in 2009. The system handles several forest values, such as timber and biofuel production, carbon sequestration, dead wood dynamics, habitat for species, recreation and susceptibility to forest damages (spruce bark beetle, wind-throw and root rot). It contains a suite of software for different problem settings and geographical scales and uses simulation as well as optimization techniques. Three software handle projections of the forest using a common core of growth and yield models for simulating forest dynamics. A fourth software, built for multi-criteria decision analysis and including a web-version, enables also group decision making and participatory planning. For more than 10 years, the Heureka system has been used in teaching, environmental analysis, research and as decision support in practical forestry. For example, several research groups using the system for analyses in different problem areas have so far published more than 80 scientific papers. The system is used for nation-wide forest impact analysis for policy support and all large and many medium-sized forest owners use it for their long-term forest planning, meaning that it directly influences forest management decisions and activities on more than 50% of the Swedish forest area. Besides presenting the present system and its use, we also discuss lessons learned and potential future development.
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| 49. |
- Löfroth, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Land-sparing benefits biodiversity while land-sharing benefits ecosystem services : Stakeholders’ perspectives on biodiversity conservation strategies in boreal forests
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53:1, s. 20-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity conservation and economic profit from forests can be combined by various land-sparing and land-sharing approaches. Using a semi-structured survey, we evaluated support for scenarios representing contrasting conservation strategies in a managed boreal forest landscape. Land-sparing approaches were supported by the conservation organisation, regional administrations and the forest company, mainly motivated by the benefit for biodiversity based on ecological theory. Land-sharing approaches were supported by one recreational organisation, some municipalities and the forest owners’ association, mainly motivated by the delivery of ecosystem services. Stakeholder groups using certain ecosystem services had motivations that we related to an anthropocentric mindset, while others focused more on species conservation, which can be related both to an anthropocentric or an ecocentric mindsets. Forest conservation planning should consider stakeholders’ preferences to handle land-use conflicts. Since reaching consensus among multiple stakeholders seems unfeasible, a combination of land-sparing and land-sharing approaches is probably the best compromise.
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| 50. |
- Mårald, Erland, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Forest governance and management across time : developing a new forest social contract
- 2017
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the past, and of the future on current-time tradeoffs in the forest arena are particularly relevant given the long-term successions in forest landscapes and the hundred years' rotations in forestry. Historically established path dependencies and conflicts determine our present situation and delimit what is possible to achieve. Similarly, future trends and desires have a large influence on decision making. Nevertheless, decisions about forest governance and management are always made in the present – in the present-time appraisal of the developed situation, future alternatives and in negotiation between different perspectives, interests, and actors.This book explores historic and future outlooks as well as current tradeoffs and methods in forest governance and management. It emphasizes the generality and complexity with empirical data from Sweden and internationally. It first investigates, from a historical perspective, how previous forest policies and discourses have influenced current forest governance and management. Second, it considers methods to explore alternative forest futures and how the results from such investigations may influence the present. Third, it examines current methods of balancing tradeoffs in decision-making among ecosystem services. Based on the findings the authors develop an integrated approach – Reflexive Forestry – to support exchange of knowledge and understandings to enable capacity building and the establishment of common ground. Such societal agreements, or what the authors elaborate as forest social contracts, are sets of relational commitment between involved actors that may generate mutual action and a common directionality to meet contemporary challenges.
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