| 1. |
- Asellus, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Cholesterol and the "Cycle of Violence" in attempted suicide
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 215:3, s. 646-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An association between low levels of serum cholesterol and violent or suicidal behaviour has frequently been reported. However the role of serum cholesterol in the cycle of violence (Widom, 1989) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate association between exposure to violence during childhood and used adult violence in suicide attempters with low and high serum cholesterol levels. 81 suicide attempters were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6 and 14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). We used median split to dichotomise groups below and above median serum cholesterol. In patients with serum cholesterol below median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and used adult violence was significant (rho=0.52, p=0.002), while in patients with serum cholesterol above median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as an adult was not significant (rho=0.25, p=0.2). Comorbid substance abuse predicted violent behaviour as an adult only in patients with serum cholesterol above median. Serum cholesterol may modify the effect of the "Cycle of Violence".
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| 2. |
- Asellus, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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CSF Apolipoprotein E in attempted suicide
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 225, s. 246-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cholesterol and cholesterol metabolism, involved in continued neural plasticity, has been associated to suicide and suicidal behavior. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays an important role in the cholesterol metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ApoE in cerebrospinal fluid was related to severity of suicidal behavior as measured by number of earlier suicide attempts, reversibility/interruptabilty and violent method of suicide attempt. Methods: CSF ApoE and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in 42 medication free suicide attempters. Earlier suicide attempts and the reversibility of suicide attempt method were assessed with the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) and the Freeman Scale. Suicide attempts were classified according to violence of method. Results: CSF ApoE levels significantly negatively correlated to the scores on Freeman Reversibility and there was a trend for lower CSF ApoE levels in suicide attempters using a violent method. Patients with at least one earlier suicide attempt (repeaters) showed a trend for higher CSF ApoE levels compared to suicide attempters debuting with suicidal behavior at inclusion in the study. The correlation between CSF ApoE and 5-HIAA was not significant. Limitations: The main limitations to this study were a relatively small sample size and lack of a healthy control group. Conclusion: Irreversible suicide attempts, representing a high risk for completed suicide, may be associated with lower level of ApoE in CSF.
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| 3. |
- Asellus, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma apolipoprotein E and severity of suicidal behaviour
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 190, s. 137-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is evidence for association between low cholesterol levels and suicidal behaviour. Since apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is involved in the cholesterol metabolism in both the periphery and in the central nervous system; it may be of particular interest in the neurobiology of suicidal behaviour. Furthermore, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, one of the main biological systems implicated in both suicidal behaviour and early-life adversity, affect ApoE levels. Very few studies have assessed plasma ApoE in relation to suicidal behaviour. The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of ApoE in plasma in relation to the severity of suicidal behaviour and life-time adversity in the form of exposure to interpersonal violence in suicide attempters. A total of 100 suicide attempters (67 women and 33 men) were enroled in the study. Information on earlier suicide attempts and age at onset of suicidal behaviour was gathered using the Karolinska Suicide History Interview. The Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale was used to assess exposure to interpersonal violence. Plasma ApoE was measured by immunonephelometry according to accredited routines. Patients with at least one earlier suicide attempt had significantly higher ApoE levels compared to suicide attempters debuting with suicidal behaviour at inclusion in the study. A higher number of earlier suicide attempts was significantly correlated with higher plasma ApoE levels. Age at onset was significantly negatively correlated with ApoE after adjusting for age. ApoE showed a significant positive correlation with exposure to interpersonal violence as a child in male suicide attempters. Our findings indicate that ApoE may be related to stress and trauma and the temporal severity of suicidal behaviour.
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| 4. |
- Carlborg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Attempted suicide predicts suicide risk in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 64:1, s. 68-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People with schizophrenia have an increased risk of suicide and attempted suicide is suggested to be an important risk factor.AIM: Our objective was to assess the cumulative survival, predictive values and odds ratios of attempted suicide for suicide in a long-term cohort of patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis with and without previous attempted suicide.METHOD: Inpatients (n=224) hospitalized with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis were followed for a mean of 25 years. All patients were followed up for causes of death. Information on suicide attempt before the end of the observation period was retrieved from medical records.RESULTS: Eight percent died by suicide during the follow-up. Eighteen percent of suicide attempters died by suicide. Two percent of non-attempters died by suicide. There was a strong association between previous suicide attempt and suicide in men and women. Odds ratio for attempters vs. non-attempters was 10. Suicide risk was almost three times higher in male than female suicide attempters.CONCLUSION: Previous attempted suicide is an important risk factor for suicide in both men and women with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, particularly in male suicide attempters. The suicide risk remains high over a long period. Continuous assessment of risk factors and appropriate treatment are crucial for this patient group to prevent suicide.
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| 5. |
- Carlborg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Early death and CSF monoamine metabolites in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 65:2, s. 101-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Patients with schizophrenia have higher rates of mortality than the general population. Lower concentrations of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been associated with suicidal, aggressive and impulsive behavior. Mortality has been suggested as a measure of impulsivity and a relationship between early death and lower concentrations of CSF monoamine metabolites has been reported but the studies are few with short periods of follow-up and small numbers.AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate a relationship between early death and concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA and HVA.METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-five inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis were lumbar punctured in a standardized manner and followed for a median of 26 years. Patients were searched to identify those who had died. Causes of death were obtained from the Causes of Death Register.RESULTS: During the time of follow-up, 97 patients died. Schizophrenia spectrum psychosis patients died at an earlier age from both natural and unnatural causes of death. No significant associations were found between CSF 5-HIAA and HVA concentrations and non-suicidal death. Attempted suicide was not a risk factor for non-suicidal death at younger age.CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis die at an earlier age from both natural and unnatural causes of death. Attempted suicide is not a risk factor for non-suicidal death at younger age. Low concentrations of CSF HVA and 5-HIAA were not a risk factor for non-suicidal death at younger age in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis.
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| 6. |
- Jokinen, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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Cholesterol, CSF 5-HIAA, violence and intent in suicidal men
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 178:1, s. 217-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between suicide, violent behaviour and both hypocholesterolaemia and low 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been suggested. The relationships between lipids, the serotonergic system, suicidal and aggressive behaviors are complex. We explored relationships between serum cholesterol, CSF 5-HIAA, the planning subscale of suicide intent and violence of attempted suicide method in 13 medication-free male suicide attempters and eight healthy volunteers. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in suicide attempters than in controls. HDL-C showed a significant positive correlation with the planning subscale of suicide intent in non-violent suicide attempters. A positive association was observed between CSF 5-HIAA and serum cholesterol in suicides. The role of cholesterol may be different in planned non-violent suicide attempts compared with violent suicide attempts.
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| 7. |
- Kallin, Lena, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Att utbilda tjejer i datavetenskap : erfarenheter och reflexioner
- 1997
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Ingår i: Utbildning i förändring. ; , s. 308-321
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vad beror det på att datavetenskap är det ämne som lockar den minsta andelen kvinnor av alla naturvetenskapliga utbildningar? Varför ses teknik som ett manligt område? Hur ser de kvinnliga studenterna på undervisningen och miljön vid institutionen? Finns det en skillnad på hur kvinnor och män närmar sig datorer och kunskap? Detta är några av de frågor som vi ställer oss i artikeln. Vi försöker ge en bakgrund till den nuvarande situationen och bidrar med frågeställningar i syfte att skapa debatt och diskussion kring dessa. Vi redovisar också kort en enkät som kvinnliga studenter på institutionen besvarat och diskuterar några av de åtgärder som har genomförts eller kommer att genomföras vid institutionen.
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| 8. |
- Nordström-Jacobsson, Monica
(författare)
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Peter Pohls litterära projekt : en tematisk studie med utgångspunkt i debutromanen Janne, min vän
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In his literary works, the Swedish author Peter Pohl (b. 1940) persistently deals with the issue of friendship which is described as a source of joy and consolation as well as a cause for difficulties and pain. Another common theme in his writing is vulnerability, especially that of children and adolescents, as he regards them as particularly exposed to violence and injustice. Pohl features the act of telling as an important instrument in the process of personal development on many different levels. Finally, his authorship shows that his purpose is to be a spokesman for those who cannot speak for themselves. These four topics which are visible in the main part of his production represent the most important aspects of Pohl's literary project which may be described as a desire to improve the conditions of less privileged groups of society.This thesis deals with the works by Pohl written between 1985 and 2007. In the first chapter, the author is presented. The second chapter is an analysis of his first novel Janne, min vän with a special focus on the above-mentioned themes. Chapter three deals with the novel Malins kung Gurra, a story for young readers that can be looked upon as second, but simpler version of Janne, min vän. In chapter four, the five novels Regnbågen har bara åtta färger, Medan regnbågen bleknar, Vi kallar honom Anna, Vilja växa and Klara papper är ett måste are analyzed and discussed. The last chapter is an attempt at dealing with the remaining books written by Pohl. The aim is to establish whether these works are compatible with the general picture given of Pohl’s literary project.
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| 9. |
- Sinai, Cave, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to interpersonal violence and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder among women with borderline personality disorder
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 262, s. 311-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aims to determine the validity of the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS), as a screening tool for PTSD, among women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and severe suicidal behavior. Method: 106 women with BPD and at least two suicide attempts were assessed with the KIVS for exposure to interpersonal violence as a child and as an adult. The screening ability of the KIVS for the diagnosis of PTSD was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: PTSD diagnosis was valid for 61 (58%) women with BPD. The KIVS exposure of lifetime interpersonal violence, displayed fair accuracy of predicting diagnosis of PTSD (area under the curve 0.79, confidence interval [0.71, 0.88]) and performed well (sensitivity 0.90 and specificity 0.62), with a cut-off score of 4 (range 0-10). Poly-traumatization was not significantly related to PTSD diagnosis as compared to single traumatization, whereas sexual victimization was significantly more prevalent in women with PTSD diagnosis, as compared to other types of traumatic events. Conclusion: A score of 4 or more on the KIVS exposure to interpersonal lifetime violence presents well as a screening instrument for risk of PTSD, among women with BPD.
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| 10. |
- Sinai, Cave, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis and exposure to interpersonal violence in childhood among women with borderline personality disorder
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychotraumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8198 .- 2000-8066. ; 5, s. 23911-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A relationship between exposure to sexual violence and thyroid hormone alterations has been observed among women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report a high estimate of childhood trauma.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess relationships between thyroid hormone measures and exposure to violence in childhood in women with BPD.METHOD: A total of 92 clinically euthyroid women with BPD (53% with comorbid PTSD) diagnosis and at least two prior suicide attempts were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scales (KIVS). The KIVS contains four subscales with concrete examples of exposure to violence and expressed violent behavior in childhood (aged 6-14 years) and during adult life (15 years or older). Baseline thyroid function was evaluated by measuring plasma free and bound triiodothyronine (FT3 and T3), thyroxine (FT4 and T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with immunoassays. The FT3/FT4 ratio was used to estimate peripheral deiodination. Plasma cortisol was also assessed.RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of patients reported medium high or high level of exposure to interpersonal violence as a child. The FT3/FT4 ratio showed a significant negative correlation with exposure to violence as a child. Patients with PTSD had significantly higher plasma cortisol levels. An ad hoc analysis revealed that the correlation between KIVS exposure to interpersonal violence as a child and FT3/FT4 ratio was significant only in patients with comorbid PTSD. Altered thyroid activity, especially FT3/FT4, levels was associated with exposure to violence in childhood in women with BPD.CONCLUSION: Severe childhood trauma-related stress may promote lasting altered thyroid levels and/or contribute to the development of psychopathology associated with BPD traits or PTSD.
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| 11. |
- Sinai, Cave, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid hormones and adult interpersonal violence among women with borderline personality disorder
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 227:2-3, s. 253-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated T3 levels have been reported in men with antisocial behavior. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormones and expressed adult interpersonal violence in female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Furthermore, expressed adult interpersonal violence in female BPD patients was compared to healthy female controls. A total of 92 clinically euthyroid women with BPD and 57 healthy women were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scales (KIVS). Baseline thyroid function was evaluated by measuring plasma free and bound triiodothyronine (FT3 and T3), thyroxine (FT4 and T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with immunoassays in patients. Plasma cortisol was also measured. Among females with BPD, expressed interpersonal violence as an adult showed a significant positive correlation with the T3 levels. The mean expression of interpersonal violence as an adult was significantly higher in BPD patients as compared to healthy controls. The multiple regression model indicated that two independent predictors of KIVS expressed interpersonal violence as an adult: T3 and comorbid diagnosis of alcohol abuse. Association between T3 levels and violent/aggressive behavior earlier reported exclusively in male samples may be valid also in females with BPD. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NCND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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| 12. |
- Arakelian, Erebouni, 1973-
(författare)
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Operating Room Efficiency and Postoperative Recovery after Major Abdominal Surgery : The Surgical Team’s Efficiency and the Early Postoperative Recovery of Patients with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In selected patients, surgical treatments such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have enabled curative treatment options for previously incurable diseases, such as peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). The introduction of resource demanding surgery could affect the work process, efficiency, and productivity within a surgical department and factors influencing patient postoperative recovery processes may have an impact on the efficiency of patient care after major surgery.The aim of this thesis was to investigate operating room efficiency from the perspective of both staff and leaders’ in two different settings (Papers I and II) and the early postoperative recovery of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (Papers III and IV).Interviews were held with 21 people in a county hospital and 11 members of the PC team in a university hospital, and a phenomenographic approach was used to analysis the data (Papers I and II). The patients’ postoperative recovery and pulmonary adverse events (AE) were determined from data retrieved from the electronic health records of 76 patients (Papers III and IV).The concept of efficiency was understood in different ways by staff members and their leaders (Paper I). However, when working in a team, the team members had both organisation-oriented and individual-oriented understanding of efficiency at work that focused on the patients and the quality of care (Paper II).The patients with PC regained gastrointestinal functions and could be mobilised during early postoperative recovery phase, although many patients suffered from psychological disturbances, sleep deprivation, and nausea (Paper III). Postoperative clinical and radiological pulmonary AE were common, but did not affect the early recovery process (Paper IV).In conclusion, leaders who are aware of the variation in understanding the concept of efficiency are better able to create the same platform for staff members by defining the concept of efficiency within the organisation. In a team organisation, the team members have a wider understanding of the concept of efficiency with more focus on the patients. The factors affecting postoperative recovery and pulmonary AE should be considered when designing individualised patient care plans in order to attain a more efficient recovery.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bengtsson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide across the blood-brain barrier in sheep
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 157:6, s. 1085-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose The effect of age on the distribution of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in a sheep model utilizing intracerebral microdialysis. The effect of neonatal asphyxia on brain drug distribution was also studied. Experimental approach Microdialysis probes were inserted into the cortex, striatum and blood of 11 lambs (127 gestation days) and six ewes. Morphine, 1 mg.kg(-1), was intravenously administered as a 10 min constant infusion. Microdialysis and blood samples were collected for up to 360 min and analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, unbound drug brain : blood distribution ratio (K(p,uu)) and unbound drug volume of distribution in brain (V(u,brain)) were estimated. Key results Morphine K(p,uu) was 1.19 and 1.89 for the sheep and premature lambs, respectively, indicating that active influx into the brain decreases with age. Induced asphyxia did not affect transport of morphine or M3G across the BBB. Morphine V(u,brain) measurements were higher in sheep than in premature lambs. The M3G K(p,uu) values were 0.27 and 0.17 in sheep and premature lambs, indicating a net efflux from the brain in both groups. Conclusions and implications The morphine K(p,uu) was above unity, indicating active transport into the brain; influx was significantly higher in premature lambs than in adult sheep. These results in sheep differ from those in humans, rats, mice and pigs where a net efflux of morphine from the brain is observed.
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| 15. |
- Berglin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction Design Methods in Fashion Design Teaching
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Nordic Textile Journal 2006-07, p. 26-51. - : University College of Borås. The Swedish School of Textiles.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The expressiveness of use is of focal interest in fashion design, which makes the perspective of act design important in learning/teaching. The objective of the project presented here was to introduce interaction design methods in fashion design teaching to make act design explicit throughout the different stages of the design process in a systematic manner; to develop a general workshop curriculum in experimental fashion design focusing on the expressiveness of wearing and use. A series of test workshops were implemented to provide a foundation for reflection and critical discussions. The main results, motivated by workshop evaluations, consist of theoretical models for a systematic development of workshop exercises in fashion design aesthetics.
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| 16. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Interim Report of the ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) : 18-22 April 2016 Helsinki, Finland
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB) meeting was held in Helsinki (Finland), 18-22 April 2016. The meeting was attended by 26 participants from five countries and chaired by Laura Uusitalo, Fin-land, Saskia Otto, Germany, Martin Lindegren, Denmark, and Lena Bergström, Swe-den. This was the first year of the new three-year Terms of Reference (ToR) for WGIAB. The main working activities in 2016 were to A) develop the trait-based ap-proach of understanding the ecosystem function, and B) explore the social-ecological system, including indicator development, revising the conceptual model, and devel-oping case studies. As a primary outcome of the ToR A, we built on our previous work on integrated ecosystem assessments (IEAs) in the Baltic Sea, but extended it beyond considering changes in abundances of a few dominant species, to accounting for community-wide changes in a number of key traits across multiple trophic levels. These traits represent various ecosystem functions upon which we derive important ecosystem services. By investigating temporal changes in the community weighted mean traits of phyto-plankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fish, we demonstrated whether trait reor-ganizations at the level of entire communities occurred in the Central Baltic Sea as a result of the 1980s regime shift. Using in total 29 traits combined for all groups we found indications of two breakpoints across all four taxonomic groups over the last decades, i.e. one around 1990 and one around 2000. Further work will focus on ex-ploring the nature of the changes in trait composition and on standardizing the num-ber of traits and data types (i.e. binary, continuous or categorical) across taxonomic group.In addition, we collected data on key functional groups and abiotic variables in all main sub-basins of the Baltic Sea, setting the stage for a cross-regional comparison of temporal patterns and trends in lower trophic level in the face of recent develop-ments in climate-related drivers.With reference to Tor B, to explore how social indicators could be used in parallel with biological indicators in an integrated assessment framework, we developed a conceptual model of interrelationships between ecosystem and society. We used the model as a basis for mapping factors to be accounted for in the ecosystem-based management using the Baltic salmon and clupeid species as case studies. The models depict 1) the structure of the foodweb relevant to the target species, 2) the key com-munity level and population traits that contribute to the state of the species, 3) main pressures affecting the foodweb and their effects on the species, 4) key management measures, and 5) benefits that the species can produce for society.To support the development of Ecosystem Overview the group members evaluated the probability of occurrence and the magnitude of the effect of 15 pressures occur-ring in the Baltic Sea. The top five pressures identified were input of nutrients, in-creased temperature, decreased salinity, input of hazardous substances, and input or spread of non-indigenous species.The work will continue intersessionally and the next meeting of WGIAB is planned to be held in Lisbon, Portugal, back-to-back with WGCOMEDA and WGEAWESS.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Börstler, Jürgen, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating OO Example Programs for CS1
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 47-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Börstler, Jürgen, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Transitioning to OOP/Java : A never ending story
- 2008
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Ingår i: Reflections on the teaching of programming. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540779339 ; , s. 80-97
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Elberling, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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High Arctic soil CO2 and CH4 production controlled by temperature, water, freezing and snow
- 2008
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Ingår i: High-arctic ecosystem dynamics in a changing climate - Ten years of monitoring and research at Zackenberg Research Station, Northeast Greenland (Advances in Ecological Research). - 0065-2504. - 9780123736659 ; 40, s. 441-472
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Soil gas production processes, mainly anaerobic or aerobic soil respiration, drive major gas fluxes across the soil-atmosphere interface. Carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes, an efflux which in most ecosystems is a result of both autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, in particular have received international attention. The importance of both CO2 and methane (CH4) fluxes are emphasised in the Arctic because of the large amount of soil organic carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems and changes in uptake and release due to climate changes. This chapter focuses on controls on spatial and temporal trends in subsurface CO2 and CH4 production as well as on transport and release of gases from the soil observed in the valley Zackenbergdalen. A dominance of near-surface temperatures controlling both spatial and seasonal trends is shown based on data obtained using closed chamber and eddy-correlation techniques as well as in manipulated field plots and in controlled incubation experiments. Despite variable temperature sensitivities reported, most data can be fairly well fitted to exponential temperature-dependent equations. The water content (at wet sites linked to the depth to the water table) is a second major factor regulating soil respiration processes, but the effect is quite different in contrasting vegetation types. Dry heath sites are shown to be periodically water limited during the growing season and respond therefore with high respiration rates when watered. In contrast, water saturated conditions during most of the growing season in the fen areas hinder the availability of oxygen, resulting in both CO2 and CH4 production. Thus, water table drawdown results in decreasing CH4 effluxes but increasing CO2 effluxes. Additional controls on gas production are shown to be related to the availability of substrate and plant productivity. Subsurface gas production will produce partial and total pressure gradient causing gas transport, which in well-drained soils is mainly controlled by diffusion, whereas gas advection, bubbles and transport through roots and stems may be important in more saturated soils. Bursts of CO2 gas have been observed during spring thaw and confirmed in controlled soil thawing experiments. Field observations as well as experimental work suggest that such bursts represent partly on-going soil respiration and a physical release of gas produced during the winter. The importance of winter soil respiration is emphasised because of the fact that microbial respiration in Zackenberg samples is noted down to a least -18 degrees C. Hence, the importance of winter respiration and burst events in relation to seasonal and future climate trends requires more than just summer measurements. For example, the autumn period seems important as snowfall prior to low air temperature may insulate the soil, keeping soil temperatures high. This will extend the period of high soil respiration rates and thereby increase the importance of the winter period for the annual carbon balance. Because of the complexity of factors controlling subsurface gas production, we conclude that different parts of the landscape will respond quite differently to the same climate changes as well as that short-term effects are likely to be different from long-term effects.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Eliason, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Informella kontaktnäts betydelse för arbetssökande och företag på den svenska arbetsmarknaden
- 2017
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vi analyserar hur restaurangpriserna förändrades i samband med momssänkningar i Finland 2010 och Sverige 2012. Vi visar att prisförändringarna i samband med dessa skattesänkningar i stora drag kan karaktäriseras som ”allt” eller ”inget”. Vi lägger därför särskilt fokus på att förstå vilka restauranger som sänkte priserna och vilka som inte gjorde det. Det visar sig att nästan alla prisförändringar skedde genom att restauranger som tillhör någon form av kedja sänkte sina priser medan oberoende restauranger i de allra flesta fall lämnade sina priser opåverkade. Vi visar att mönstret ligger väl i linje med andra betydande skillnader i prissättningsaktivitet mellan de två typerna av restauranger. Detta tyder på att företagssammansättningen har en betydande direkt effekt på hur stort genomslag en momssänkning får på priser och, i förlängningen, ekonomisk aktivitet.
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| 24. |
- Eliason, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Social Connections and the Sorting of Workers to Firms
- 2019
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Institute of Labor Economics (IZA). - 1556-5068.
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The literature on social networks often presumes that job search through (strong) social ties leads to increased inequality by providing privileged individuals with access to more attractive labor market opportunities. We assess this presumption in the context of sorting between AKM-style person and establishment fixed effects. Our rich Swedish register data allow us to measure connections between agents – workers to workers and workers to firms – through parents, children, siblings, spouses, former co-workers and classmates from high school/college, and current neighbors. In clear contrast with the above presumption, there is less sorting inequality among the workers hired through social networks. This outcome results from opposing factors. On the one hand, reinforcing positive sorting, high-wage job seekers are shown to have social connections to high-wage workers, and therefore to high-wage firms (because of sorting of workers over firms). Furthermore, connections have a causal impact on the allocation of workers across workplaces – employers are much more likely to hire displaced workers to whom they are connected through their employees, in particular if their social ties are strong. On the other hand, attenuating positive sorting, the (causal) impact is much stronger for low-wage firms than it is for high-wage firms, irrespective of the type of worker involved, even conditional on worker fixed effects. The lower degree of sorting among connected hires thus arises because low-wage firms use their (relatively few) connections to high-wage workers to hire workers of a type that they are unable to attract through market channels.
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| 25. |
- Eliason, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Social connections and the sorting of workers to firms
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Econometrics. - : Elsevier. - 0304-4076 .- 1872-6895. ; 233:2, s. 468-506
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assess the presumption that social networks reinforce inequality by providing high -wage workers' with preferential access to high-wage establishments. Our results based on very detailed Swedish register data contradict this view. We do show that high -wage job seekers tend to be connected to high-wage workers employed in high-wage establishments. Furthermore, social connections appear to directly cause the allocation of workers to jobs. But the sorting resulting from hires within social networks is less unequal than the sorting resulting from market hires, essentially because low-wage firms rely on social connections to hire high-wage workers.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Eliasson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigating students' confidence in programming and problem solving
- 2006
-
Ingår i: 36th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE2006). ; , s. M4E-22
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many students feel insecure making their first attempts to solve programming problems. Despite finishing the introductory programming course successfully, these students refrain from pursuing their CS studies. Hence, this aversion towards problem solving and programming is not fully explained by lack of subject understanding and performance. In order to better understand the components of students’ comfort, a first attempt to model a student’s confidence regarding problem solving and programming has been made. The model consists of two dimensions; Course topic and Student’s mindset. Two questionnaires have been developed in order to capture if and how students’ confidence is affected by taking the CS1 course. Data has been collected for four course offerings with three different study programmes. Results confirm the suspicion that the confidence is lowered by the course, and that student groups with different ambition and motivation for taking the course seem to be affected by different aspects of the course.
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| 28. |
- Elliot, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
-
Regelutvecklingen från Basel I till Basel IV och Finansinspektionens relation till svenska sparbanker
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Finansiell Reglering och Tillsyn. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144131757 ; , s. 111-133
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Finansiella företag, såsom banker och försäkringsbolag, måste leva upp till omfattande krav på sin verksamhet. Det handlar om komplexa och detaljerade regelverk, samt kontroll av denna regelefterlevnad genom myndighetstillsyn. Boken belyser och diskuterar utvecklingen när det gäller regleringen av och tillsynen över finansiella företag inom EU och Sverige, inte minst efter den globala finanskrisen 2007-2009. Finansiell reglering och tillsyn samlar en rad ekonomiska, juridiska och historiska texter om olika reglerings- och tillsynsfrågor. Samtliga av bokens författare är verksamma inom områden som på olika sätt berör regelverk, regelefterlevnad, redovisning och övervakning av finansiella företag. De är både praktiker och forskare, vilket gör att läsaren får ta del av såväl teoretiska perspektiv som praktiska erfarenheter. Boken illustrerar den bredd av frågeställningar som ryms inom området och ger samtidigt en fördjupad förståelse för de olika utmaningar som boken lyfter.
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| 29. |
- Farooqi, Nighat, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in body weight and physical performance after receiving dietary advice in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) : 1-year follow-up.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 53:1, s. 70-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nutritional studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often based on oral nutritional supplementation and are of short duration. Our aim was to study the changes in body weight and physical performance in COPD patients after receiving the dietary advice for 1 year. Thirty-six patients with COPD as a primary diagnosis (mean age: 68.5+/-7.8 years), referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation program were studied. Each patient received dietary advice individually. Body weight had increased significantly by 1.3kg (p=0.02) and walking distance by 83.2m (p=0.007) after 1 year. There was an increase in mean handgrip strength after 1 year (1.6kg, p=0.07). The mean intake of energy and protein expressed as percent of energy and protein requirement had increased after 1 year (15%, p<0.001, and 5.6%, p=0.09, respectively). Handgrip strength correlated significantly with energy (r=0.53, p=0.002), fat (r=0.50, p=0.02) and protein intake (r=0.41, p=0.002) after 1 year. In conclusion, positive effects on body weight, handgrip strength and walking distance in patients with COPD were seen after receiving dietary advice with a 1-year follow-up.
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| 30. |
- Fredriksson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Mismatch of Talent : Evidence on Match Quality, Entry Wages, and Job Mobility
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The American Economic Review. - : American Economic Association. - 0002-8282 .- 1944-7981. ; 108:11, s. 3303-3338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the impact of mismatch on entry wages, separations, and wage growth using unique data on worker talents. We show that workers are sorted on comparative advantage across jobs within occupations. The starting wages of inexperienced workers are unrelated to mismatch. For experienced workers, on the other hand, mismatch is negatively priced into their starting wages. Separations and wage growth are more strongly related to mismatch among inexperienced workers than among experienced workers. These findings are consistent with models of information updating, where less information is available about the quality of matches involving inexperienced workers.
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| 31. |
- German Millberg, Lena, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Academic learning for specialist nurses: a Grounded Theory study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 14:6, s. 714-721
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to explore the major concerns of specialist nurses pertaining to academic learning during their education and initial professional career. Specialist nursing education changed in tandem with the European educational reform in 2007. At the same time, greater demands were made on the healthcare services to provide evidence-based and safe patient-care. These changes have influenced specialist nursing programmes and consequently the profession. Grounded Theory guided the study. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire with open-ended questions distributed at the end of specialist nursing programmes in 2009 and 2010. Five universities were included. Further, individual, pair and group interviews were used to collect data from 12 specialist nurses, 5-14 months after graduation. A major concern for specialist nurses was that academic learning should be "meaningful" for their professional future. The specialist nurses' "meaningful academic learning process" was characterised by an ambivalence of partly believing in and partly being hesitant about the significance of academic learning and partly receiving but also lacking support. Specialist nurses were influenced by factors in two areas: curriculum and healthcare context. They felt that the outcome of contribution to professional confidence was critical in making academic learning meaningful.
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| 32. |
- German Millberg, Lena, 1958-
(författare)
-
Akademisering av specialistsjuksköterskans utbildning i Sverige : Spänningsförhållanden med anledning av utbildningsreform i enlighet med Bologna
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Licentiatavhandlingens övergripande syfte var att studera konsekvenser av ökad akademisering och akademiskt lärande inom Svensk specialist-sjuksköterskeutbildning efter genomförande av ny utbildningsreform enligt Bologna.Bakgrund: Specialistsjuksköterskor förväntas i dagens hälso– och sjukvård att kunna bedriva en patientsäker och evidensbaserad vård, vilket kräver akademisk kompetens. Utbildningen till specialistsjuksköterska fördes i och med Bolognaprocessens införande i Sverige 2007 till avancerad utbildningsnivå. Både yrkesexamen och akademisk examen (magisterexamen) skulle inkluderas och integreras i samma utbildning. Detta medförde en förändring från en ämnesinriktad (samlingskodsinriktad) läroplan till en läroplan som syftar till att integrera ämnen (integrationskodsinriktad). Förutom ämnesintegrering skulle yrkesspecifika mål integreras med akademiska mål.Metod: Artikel I genomfördes i form av ett didaktiskt aktionsforskningsprojekt som pågick under 2½ år. En projektledningsgrupp (n=15-18) från fem lärosäten bildades. Denna grupp har aktivt deltagit i hela aktionsforskningsprocessen och vid projektmöten. Vid varje lärosäte utsågs en projektansvarig som ansvarade för den lokala aktionsforskningsprocessen. Dessa personer samlande in data i form av kursplaner, utbildningsplaner, studiehandledningar, minnesanteckningar från lärarmöten och möten med vårdverksamheter samt minnesanteckningar från forskargruppensmöten. Analys har gjorts med hjälp av konstant komparativ analysmetod. I artikel II användes konstruktivistisk Grounded Theory för att samla in och analysera data. Datainsamlingen påbörjades utifrån specialistsjuksköterskestudenters svar på en enkäts öppna fråga (n=120) i samband med utbildningens avslutning 2009 och 2010. Enkätsvaren reste frågor om specialistsjuksköterskans akademiska lärande. För att inhämta en djupare förståelse genomfördes intervjuer med specialistsjuksköterskor (n=12) som yrkesarbetat mellan 5 och 12 månader efter sin examen. Intervjuerna genomfördes från juni till oktober 2011. Avslutningsvis jämfördes svaren på den öppna enkätfrågan med analysen av intervjuerna.Resultat: Vid utbildningsreformens införande fanns pedagogiska motsättningar och didaktiska svårigheter som gav upphov till spänningsförhållanden mellan vårdutveckling, forskning, yrkesspecifika mål och akademiska mål. Spänningsförhållanden framkom också när specialistsjuksköterskorna inte erfor att deras akademiska kompetens tillvaratogs och värderades i vårdverksamheten. När stöd inte fanns för akademiskt lärande uppkom villrådighet och specialistsjuksköterskorna blev ambivalenta över om akademiskt lärande var meningsfullt. För att främja meningsfullt akademiskt lärande framhåller deltagarna betydelsen av samverkan och gemensamma arenor mellan lärosäten och vårdverksamhet där nyttoaspekten med akademiskt lärande tydliggörs. De spänningsförhållanden som framkommer var av både positiv och negativ karaktär.
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| 33. |
- Hagström, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
To Create a Sense of Belongings. Christening Gifts as Materialization of Feelings
- 2007
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9789172290396 ; , s. 142-146
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Christening gifts are on the one hand very concrete and material. They have a value, both economically and emotionally. But on the other hand they also have a function that is neither concrete nor material. They express feelings, hopes, and dreams of belonging and community. The gift has a meaning for both the one who receives it, and the one who presents the gift.
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| 34. |
- Halapuu, Vivika, 1987-
(författare)
-
Upper Secondary Education: Access, Choices and Graduation
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I: We study how Swedish high school students match with programs given their skill endowments at the time of choosing. Using detailed administrative data on high school admissions and earlier school achievement, we construct a multidimensional measure of program match quality, reflecting the extent to which students select into programs with skill requirements that align with their skill portfolio. Our results suggest that female students and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds make relatively worse program choices than males and students whose parents have at least some college education. Students with a more appropriate skill set for a given program are more likely to remain in the program, to complete high school on time and they also have higher post-graduation earnings. Better information about how students’ relative strengths and weaknesses comply with the skill requirements of programs could prevent costly educational, and consequently occupational mismatch.Essay II: The paper provides the first causal evidence of how access to education affects disability insurance (DI) claims among low-skilled youths. The research design exploits recent changes in high school eligibility criteria among a set of low-performing compulsory school graduates in Sweden. The results show that the immediate inflow into the DI system increased by 5.1 percentage points among the students who were excluded from standard high school programs. The fact that outflow from DI is very low (half of all young claimants remain in the system after 10 years) together with auxiliary findings indicating that the impact remains high during the short follow-up period suggest that the effect is likely to persist over many years. The results highlight that the design of education systems is a crucial determinant of DI claims among young people and that reforms which limit low-skilled youths’ access to education can have lasting detrimental effects on their labor supply.Essay III: This paper studies the impact of stricter graduation requirements on vocational high school graduates’ behavioral responses and early career outcomes exploiting an increase in graduation standards in Swedish vocational high schools. An important feature of the reform is that it increased both general and occupation-specific graduation requirements. Using a unique combination of course-specific grades and detailed administrative data on labor market, I study the incentive effects, and compare job finding rates and job match quality of academically similar students just below and above the two different graduation thresholds using difference-in-differences design. I find no impact of higher general skill requirements on youths’ school-to-work transition. Stricter specific skill requirements, on the other hand, come with strong incentive effects, and lead to a separation in job finding rates and job match quality of students at the margin of barely meeting the threshold.
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| 35. |
- Henriksen, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Norwegian women's motivations and preparations for freebirth - A qualitative study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Aim: This study was aimed at describing Norwegian women's motivations and preparations for freebirth. Methods: This qualitative study involved 12 individual interviews conducted face to face or via Skype with women from different parts of Norway. The material was analysed using qualitative content analysis inspired by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Three categories describing the women's motivations and preparations for freebirth were identified. Unsatisfied with the care offered today described how the women thought that hospitals did not support normal birth and made an inadequate homebirth offer. The category earlier uncomplicated and traumatic births influence freebirth choices described two different dimensions of motivations for freebirth. Trust in one's own knowledge and capacity referred to how women viewed birth as a natural process, their faith in themselves, how this view and faith influenced their preparation and how they gained knowledge about the birth process to prepare. An overall theme emerged: deep trust in birth as a natural process and the women's own capacity to give birth embedded in distrust of the maternity care system. Conclusion: This study showed that motivations for freebirth were embedded in overall dissatisfaction with today's maternity care, the inadequate homebirth offer and deep trust in the women's own capacity to give birth.
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| 36. |
- Hensvik, Lena, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Connecting the Young : High School Graduates' Matching to First Jobs in Booms and Great Recessions, IFAU Working paper 2017:2
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using Swedish economy-wide data spanning across two deep recessions, we examine the relationship between labor market conditions and the role of social contacts in matching labor market entrants to employing firms. We use class-plant fixed-effects models to isolate the role of social contacts from paid work during high-school. One third of post-graduation matches are formed at establishments where youths worked during their studies. Furthermore, graduates are much more likely to match with sites to which adult coworkers from these jobs have relocated. These patterns are strikingly counter-cyclical. Contacts are much more important for job matching in deep recessions than in good times, suggesting that informal contacts and social networks are crucial determinants of matching patterns in bad times.
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| 37. |
- Hensvik, Lena, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Connecting the Young : High School Graduates' Matching to First Jobs in Booms and Great Recessions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Economic Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0013-0133 .- 1468-0297. ; 133:652, s. 1466-1509
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Swedish economy-wide data, we examine the relationship between business-cycle conditions and the use of social contacts in the process where young workers are matched to their first real jobs. We measure social contacts acquired during paid work during high school, and we rely on interacted class-establishment fixed-effect models to isolate the effects of interest. One-third of post-graduation matches are formed at establishments where youths worked during their studies. Graduates are much more likely to match with sites to which adult co-workers from these jobs have relocated. The importance of these job-finding channels is strongly counter-cyclical for young labour market entrants.
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| 38. |
- Hensvik, Lena, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Social Networks, Employee Selection, and Labor Market Outcomes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Labor Economics. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0734-306X .- 1537-5307. ; 34:4, s. 825-867
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide a direct empirical test of Montgomery's 1991 notion that firms hire workers through social ties of productive employees as these workers know others with high unobserved productivity. We focus on coworker networks and show that firms recruit workers with better military draft test scores but shorter schooling when hiring previous colleagues of current employees, suggesting that firms use these networks to attract workers with better qualities in hard-to-observe dimensions. Incumbent workers' abilities predict the incidence, abilities, and wages of linked entrants. These results suggest that firms rely on the ability density of the studied networks when setting entry wages.
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| 39. |
- Hensvik, Lena, 1981-
(författare)
-
The effects of markets, managers and peers on worker outcomes
- 2011
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1: This essay exploits the entry of private independent high schools in Sweden to examine how local school competition affects the wages and the mobility of teachers in a market with individual wage bargaining. Using rich matched employer-employee panel data covering all high school teachers over a period of 16 years, I show that the entry of private schools is associated with higher teacher salaries, including higher salaries for teachers in public schools. The wage returns from competition are highest for teachers entering the profession and for teachers trained in math and science. Private school entry has also increased wage dispersion between high- and low-skilled teachers within the same field. Several robustness checks support a causal interpretation of the results, which draw attention to the potential effects of school competition on teacher supply, through the more differentiated wage setting of teachers. Essay 2: (with Olof Åslund and Oskar Nordström Skans) We investigate how manager origin affects hiring patterns, job separations, and entry wages. The analysis, draws on a longitudinal matched employer-employee data including more than 100,000 workplaces during a nine year period. Immigrant managers are substantially more likely to hire immigrants, a result robust to comparisons within 5-digit industry and location as well as within firms across establishments. The finding holds also when we follow establishments that change management over time, even accounting for trends. Origin dissimilarity increases separations within the first year of employment, but there is no impact on entry wages. Several results point to information asymmetries as an important explanation to the patterns. Essay 3: The third essay examines whether women benefit from working under female management. I use matched employer-employee panel data for Sweden, which enables me to account for unobserved heterogeneity among both workers and firms. In line with existing work, I document a substantial negative correlation between the proportion of female managers and the establishment’s gender wage gap. However, most of this relationship reflects worker heterogeneity, suggesting that sorting is an important explanation for the lower gender wage difference in female-led firms. Further analysis supports this conclusion by showing that while female managers are not more likely to hire same-sex workers per se, they do indeed hire women with higher portable earnings capacity. Essay 4: (with Peter Nilsson) We analyze how peer effects among co‑workers affect fertility using population‑wide matched employer-employee panel data. We provide evidence on if, when, why and for whom co‑workers’ fertility decisions matter. Overall the impact of co-workers on own fertility is of the same magnitude as the effect of being one year older in the age span 20 to 30. “Same-type” co‑workers are particularly influential, although social status and own previous childbearing experiences modify the influence of peers in distinct ways. Peers’ fertility decisions matter most when the uncertainty about job-related costs of childbearing is low. The results provide insights to the sharp fluctuations in fertility rates observed in many countries, and give an indication of how social interactions affect important career related decisions.
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| 40. |
- Hensvik, Lena, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
The skill-specific impact of past and projected occupational decline. IFAU Working Paper 2019:28
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using very detailed register data on cognitive abilities and productive personality traits for nearly all Swedish males at age 18, we show that employment in the recent past has shifted towards skill-intensive occupations. Employment growth is monotonically skill biased in relation to this set of general-purpose transferable skills, despite the well-known U-shaped (”polarizing”) relationship to occupational wage ranks. The patterns coexist because growing low-wage occupations tend to employ workers who are comparably skilled in these dimensions, whereas workers in declining mid-wage occupations instead have less of these general non-manual skills than suggested by their wages. Employment has primarily increased in occupations where workers have larger-than-average endowments of verbal and technical abilities and social maturity. Projections of future occupational decline and automation risks are even more skill-biased, but show similar associations to most of our specifc skill-measures. The most pronounced difference is that occupations relying on tolerance to stress are projected to decline in the coming decades.
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| 41. |
- Hensvika, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
The skill-specific impact of past and projected occupational decline
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using population-wide data on a vector of cognitive abilities and productive non-cognitive traits among Swedish male workers, we show that occupational employment growth has been monotonically skill-biased in terms of these intellectual skills, despite a simultaneous (polarizing) decline in middle-wage jobs. Employees in grow-ing low-wage occupations have more of these skills than employees in other low-wage occupations. Conversely, employees in declining, routine-task intensive, mid-wage occupations have comparably little of these skills. Em-ployees in occupations that have grown relative to other occupations with similar wages have more intellectual skills overall but are particularly well-endowed with the non-cognitive trait "Social Maturity " and cognitive abil-ities in the "Technical " and "Verbal " domains. Projections from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics about future occupational labor demand do not indicate that the relationship between employment growth and skills is about to change in the near future.
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| 42. |
- Hirvikoski, Tatja, et al.
(författare)
-
Deficient cardiovascular stress reactivity predicts poor executive functions in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3395 .- 1744-411X. ; 33:1, s. 63-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between cardiovascular stress markers, subjective stress reactivity, and executive functions were studied in 60 adults (30 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, and 30 controls) using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT, a test of executive functions) as a cognitive stressor. Despite higher self-perceived stress, the adults with ADHD showed lower or atypical cardiovascular stress reactivity, which was associated with poorer performance on PASAT. Using cardiovascular stress markers, subjective stress, and results on PASAT as predictors in a logistic regression, 83.3% of the ADHD group and 86.9% of the controls could be classified correctly.
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| 43. |
- Hirvikoski, Tatja, et al.
(författare)
-
High self-perceived stress and many stressors, but normal diurnal cortisol rhythm, in adults with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder).
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Hormones and Behavior. - : Elsevier B. V.. - 0018-506X .- 1095-6867. ; 55:3, s. 418-424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is associated with significant impairment in many life activities and may thus increase the risk of chronic stress in everyday life. We compared adults with a DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis (n=28) with healthy controls (n=28) regarding subjective stress and amounts of stressors in everyday life, diurnal salivary cortisol in the everyday environment and salivary cortisol before and after cognitive stress in a laboratory setting. The association between cortisol concentrations and impulsivity was also investigated. Consistent with assumptions, individuals with ADHD reported significantly more self-perceived stress than controls, and subjective stress correlated with the amount of stressors in everyday life. The two groups were comparable with respect to overall diurnal cortisol levels and rhythm, as well as in pre- and post-stress cortisol concentrations. Post-stress cortisol (but not baseline cortisol) concentration was positively correlated with impulsivity. The group with high post-stress cortisol also reported more symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as self-perceived stress and stressors in everyday life. The diagnosis of ADHD significantly increased the risk of belonging to the group with high post-stress cortisol levels. The results in this study warrant a focus not only on the primary diagnosis of ADHD, but also calls for a broader assessment of stressors and subjective stress in everyday life, as well as support comprising stress management and coping skills.
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| 44. |
- Kallin, Lena, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Vad ska vi kunna det här för : kommer det på tentan?
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Lärarens liv - vision och verklighet. ; , s. 141-156
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vi upplever att studenternas attityd till studier och kunskap har förändrats. I mycket högre utsträckning än tidigare tvingas vi, vilket kan kännas både positivt och negativt, som lärare att motivera studenterna. Dels måste den aktuella kursen ges ett berättigande och dels måste enskilda teoriavsnitt troliggöras med konkreta exempel. I uppsatsen försöker vi identifiera orsaker till och effekter av denna attitydförändring.
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| 45. |
- Kallin Westin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Supplemental instruction (SI) : applied on the course object-oriented programming methodology
- 2003
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The introduction of the Supplemental Instruction (SI) method to the introductory programming course was initialised by the fact that the rate of students passing the course had been constantly decreasing for the last few years. This, in combination with the decreasing in student admission, made it necessary to further assist the students in some way. This was done during the autumn of 2002 and this paper describes the work concerning the entire SI-project.
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| 46. |
- Kallin Westin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Teaching OO Concepts - A new Approach
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2004 ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE2004). ; , s. F3C-6
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, students have become less active, resulting in lower attendance in lectures and practical sessions. In addition to this, the number of students enlisting in our programmes has decreased. Moreover the passing rates for initial courses have dropped severely. This generates problems because the students failing first year courses cannot move on to higher level courses. Not only can this be devastating for individual students, but it can also affect the variety of higher level courses. In an attempt to prevent these problems we focused on the introductory programming courses (CS1) in order to enhance the opportunities for the students to become successful. One action taken was a research project initiated to radically change the way object-oriented programming is taught in CS1. Another action was to introduce the Supplemental Instruction programme (SI). SI helps students master content while they develop and integrate learning and study strategies. This paper will give a short introduction to these actions. Results are presented along with a discussion concerning the problems in teaching object-oriented concepts and problem solving.
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| 47. |
- Kallin Westin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Två projekt som hjälper elever bli studenter
- 2003
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Ingår i: En öppen högskola - vilka kunskaper och vilket lärande. ; , s. 34-47
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studentunderlaget har förändrats markant de senaste åren. Antalet studenter har ökat och deras förkunskaper och motiv till studierna har ändrats. Vi upplever att andelen studenter som läser "för att klara sig" och snabbt få ett välbetalt jobb har ökat medan andelen som kommer hit av genuint ämnesintresse har minskat. En vanlig fråga är "Vad ska vi kunna det här för?".Enskilda lärare har omedvetet successivt anpassat kursinnehåll och genomförande för att kompensera för de ändrade förutsättningarna. Vi anser att förändringar måste diskuteras mer allmänt och på institutions-/universitetsnivå. Ska kursinnehållet anpassas och vem ska ta ansvar för att det blir rimliga justeringar?
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| 48. |
- Kuci, Venera, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging role of SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma
- 2015
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Ingår i: Blood and Lymphatic Cancer: Targets and Therapy. - 1179-9889. ; 5, s. 35-41
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- During recent years the neural transcription factor SOX11 has been established as an important biomarker for mantle cell lymphoma. SOX11 is both a diagnostic and prognostic antigen, and may potentially be used for treatment selection for younger patients, in relation to protocols including high dose chemotherapy. The molecular pathways involved are still not fully elucidated and, as SOX11 can interact with several co-transcription factors, functional assays need to be carefully designed to pinpoint SOX11-specific function in a defined cellular context. Furthermore, as SOX11 belongs to a large family of homologous proteins, analysis of SOX11 has been limited by the availability of specific antibodies for detection and pull-down. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma and discuss the potential impact in relation to tumorigenesis, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapy.
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| 49. |
- Kuci, Venera, et al.
(författare)
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SOX11 and HIG-2 are cross-regulated and affect growth in mantle cell lymphoma.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Leukemia & Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1029-2403 .- 1042-8194.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transcriptional factor SOX11 is a disease-defining antigen in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and absent in most non-malignant tissues. To explore the role of SOX11-related cell signaling, and potentially take benefit from these for targeted therapy, associated networks and proteins need to be defined. In this study, we used an inducible SOX11 knock-down system followed by gene expression analysis to identify co-regulated genes and associated signaling pathways. A limited number (n = 27) of significantly co-regulated genes were identified, including SETMAR, HIG-2, and CD24. Further analysis confirmed co-regulation of SOX11 with HIG-2 and CD24 at the protein level. Of major interest, knock-down of HIG-2 reduced SOX11 levels and increased proliferation, the proteins are thus cross-regulated. HIG-2 was localized at the plasma cell membrane in both cell lines and primary MCL cells, and could potentially be of interest for targeted therapy.
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| 50. |
- Larsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic capacity in adolescence is associated with time to intervention in adult men with atrial septal defects
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 280, s. 57-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart lesion that often remains undiagnosed until adulthood. The reasons for this may be multifactorial. It is, however, known that closure of a hemodynamically significant ASD improves exercise capacity. This study aimed to explore whether the aerobic capacity in late adolescence is associated with time to diagnosis and intervention in adult men with late diagnosis of an atrial shunt.Methods: The Swedish Military Conscription Service Register contains data on exercise tests performed in late adolescence. By linking these data with the National Patient Register, 254 men with a later intervention for an ASD were identified.Results: Interventions were performed at a mean of 26.5 +/- 7.9 years after the initial exercise tests. The mean absolute workload among those with a later diagnosed ASD was similar to those without a later diagnosed ASD (274 +/- 51W vs. 276 +/- 52 W, p = 0.49). Men with a higher exercise capacity (>= 1 SD) had their intervention earlier (21.9 +/- 8.6 years vs. 27.5 +/- 7.4 years, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The aerobic exercise capacity was similar in adolescent men with later interventions for ASD compared to the reference population. Furthermore, those with high exercise capacity appeared to be diagnosed earlier. Thus, low exercise capacity may not be a feature of ASD during adolescence, but rather develop later in life as a natural progression of the disease.
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