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| 6. |
- Metcalfe, N. B., et al.
(författare)
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Solving the conundrum of intra-specific variation in metabolic rate: A multidisciplinary conceptual and methodological toolkit New technical developments are opening the door to an understanding of why metabolic rate varies among individual animals of a species
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioessays. - 0265-9247. ; 45:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers from diverse disciplines, including organismal and cellular physiology, sports science, human nutrition, evolution and ecology, have sought to understand the causes and consequences of the surprising variation in metabolic rate found among and within individual animals of the same species. Research in this area has been hampered by differences in approach, terminology and methodology, and the context in which measurements are made. Recent advances provide important opportunities to identify and address the key questions in the field. By bringing together researchers from different areas of biology and biomedicine, we describe and evaluate these developments and the insights they could yield, highlighting the need for more standardisation across disciplines. We conclude with a list of important questions that can now be addressed by developing a common conceptual and methodological toolkit for studies on metabolic variation in animals.
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| 7. |
- Morris, A, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of a Multidisciplinary System to Understand Causal Factors in Road Crashes
- 2006
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Ingår i: 42nd Annual Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of Australia Conference 2006, HFESA 2006. - 9781622769599 ; , s. 31-38
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The persistent lack of crash causation data to help inform and monitor road and vehicle safety policy is a major obstacle. Data are needed to assess the performance of road and vehicle safety stakeholders and is needed to support the development of further actions. A recent analysis conducted by the European Transport Safety Council identified that there was no single system in place that could meet all of the needs and that there were major gaps including in-depth crash causation information. This paper describes the process of developing a data collection and analysis system designed to fill these gaps. A project team with members from 7 countries was set up to devise appropriate variable lists to collect crash causation information under the following topic levels: accident, road environment, vehicle, and road user, using two quite different sets of resources: retrospective detailed police reports (n=1300) and prospective, independent, on-scene accident research investigations (n=1000). Data categorisation and human factors analysis methods based on Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (Hollnagel, 1998) were developed to enable the causal factors to be recorded, linked and understood. A harmonised, prospective "on-scene" method for recording the root causes and critical events of road crashes was developed. Where appropriate, this includes interviewing road users in collaboration with more routine accident investigation techniques. The typical level of detail recorded is a minimum of 150 variables for each accident. The project will enable multidisciplinary information on the circumstances of crashes to be interpreted to provide information on the causal factors. This has major applications in the areas of active safety systems, infrastructure and road safety, as well as for tailoring behavioural interventions. There is no direct model available internationally that uses such a systems based approach.
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| 10. |
- Norin, U., et al.
(författare)
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Endophilin A2 deficiency protects rodents from autoimmune arthritis by modulating T cell activation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of the CTLA-4 recombinant fusion protein has demonstrated therapeutic effects by selectively modulating T-cell activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show, using a forward genetic approach, that a mutation in the SH3gl1 gene encoding the endocytic protein Endophilin A2 is associated with the development of arthritis in rodents. Defective expression of SH3gl1 affects T cell effector functions and alters the activation threshold of autoreactive T cells, thereby leading to complete protection from chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease in both mice and rats. We further show that SH3GL1 regulates human T cell signaling and T cell receptor internalization, and its expression is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Collectively our data identify SH3GL1 as a key regulator of T cell activation, and as a potential target for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has been associated with multiple pathophysiological factors. Here the authors show that deficiency in endophilin A2 in rodents protects them from experimental arthritis by altering T cell activation threshold and effector functions, thereby hinting a potential target for RA therapy.
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| 11. |
- Qian, L, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of titanium fulleride studied by x-ray spectroscopies
- 1999
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B-CONDENSED MATTER. - 0163-1829. ; 59:19, s. 12667-12671
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chemical interaction between titanium and C-60 in coevaporated titanium-fulleride films has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (XPS), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and x-ray emission spectroscopy. Two titanium-fulleride film
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| 12. |
- Tjellstrom, B, et al.
(författare)
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A Role for Bacteria in Celiac Disease?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Digestive diseases and sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2568 .- 0163-2116. ; 61:7, s. 2140-2140
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Alcusa-Sáez, E. P., et al.
(författare)
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Acousto-optic interaction in polyimide coated optical fibers with flexural waves
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 25:15, s. 17167-17173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acousto-optic coupling in polyimide-coated single-mode optical fibers using flexural elastic waves is demonstrated. The effect of the polyimide coating on the acousto-optic interaction process is analyzed in detailed. Theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. Although the elastic attenuation is significant, we show that acousto-optic coupling can be produced with a reasonably good efficiency. To our knowledge, it is the first experimental demonstration of acousto-optic coupling in optical fibers with robust protective coating.
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| 18. |
- BENBADIS, L, et al.
(författare)
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WORKING GROUP-VII - FOOD-PRODUCTS
- 1995
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Ingår i: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. - 0891-060X. ; 8, s. S43-S44
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Best, Jonathan G., et al.
(författare)
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Optimal timing of anticoagulation after acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation (OPTIMAS) : Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 17:5, s. 583-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Atrial fibrillation causes one-fifth of ischemic strokes, with a high risk of early recurrence. Although long-term anticoagulation is highly effective for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, initiation after stroke is usually delayed by concerns over intracranial hemorrhage risk. Direct oral anticoagulants offer a significantly lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage than other anticoagulants, potentially allowing earlier anticoagulation and prevention of recurrence, but the safety and efficacy of this approach has not been established. Aim: Optimal timing of anticoagulation after acute ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation (OPTIMAS) will investigate whether early treatment with a direct oral anticoagulant, within four days of stroke onset, is as effective or better than delayed initiation, 7 to 14 days from onset, in atrial fibrillation patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods and design: OPTIMAS is a multicenter randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome adjudication. Participants with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation eligible for anticoagulation with a direct oral anticoagulant are randomized 1:1 to early or delayed initiation. As of December 2021, 88 centers in the United Kingdom have opened. Study outcomes: The primary outcome is a composite of recurrent stroke (ischemic stroke or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage) and systemic arterial embolism within 90 days. Secondary outcomes include major bleeding, functional status, anticoagulant adherence, quality of life, health and social care resource use, and length of hospital stay. Sample size target: A total of 3478 participants assuming event rates of 11.5% in the control arm and 8% in the intervention arm, 90% power and 5% alpha. We will follow a non-inferiority gatekeeper analysis approach with a non-inferiority margin of 2 percentage points. Discussion: OPTIMAS aims to provide high-quality evidence on the safety and efficacy of early direct oral anticoagulant initiation after atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke. Trial registrations: ISRCTN: 17896007; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03759938
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| 25. |
- Carlsson, G., et al.
(författare)
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A scoping review of public building accessibility
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disability and Health Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-6574. ; 15:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The built environment needs to be designed so that all people can participate in the activities they want and need to do. Yet, accessibility is difficult to put into practice, and accessibility issues tend to be overlooked in the building and planning processes. Objectives: The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the research front in the area of accessibility to public buildings. Specific aims were to identify knowledge gaps, to identify access activities in relation to environmental features and to link to predominant activities in terms of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Inspec, Embase and Cochrane databases. Articles in English based on original empirical studies investigating accessibility of public buildings for adults aged ≥18 years with functional limitations were considered. Results: Of the 40 articles included, ten involved study participants, while 30 only examined buildings using instruments to assess accessibility. In addition, the psychometric properties were only tested for a few of them. All articles concerned mobility and several visual limitations, while few addressed cognitive or hearing limitations. Ten main access activities were identified, from using parking/drop-off area to exiting building. Conclusions: By using the ICF and theoretically relating the accessibility problems to activities, the results revealed that there are large knowledge gaps about accessibility to public buildings for older people and people with functional limitations and that there is a need for more methodological considerations in this area of research.
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| 26. |
- de Oliveira, R., et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and Optical Characterization of Silica Optical Fibers Containing Gold Nanoparticles
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 7:1, s. 370-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gold nanoparticles have been used since antiquity for the production of red-colored glasses. More recently, it was determined that this color is caused by plasmon resonance, which additionally increases the material's nonlinear optical response, allowing for the improvement of numerous optical devices. Interest in silica fibers containing gold nanoparticles has increased recently, aiming at the integration of nonlinear devices with conventional optical fibers. However, fabrication is challenging due to the high temperatures required for silica processing and fibers with gold nanoparticles were solely demonstrated using sol-gel techniques. We show a new fabrication technique based on standard preform/fiber fabrication methods, where nanoparticles are nucleated by heat in a furnace or by laser exposure with unprecedented control over particle size, concentration, and distribution. Plasmon absorption peaks exceeding 800 dB m(-1) at 514-536 nm wavelengths were observed, indicating higher achievable nanoparticle concentrations than previously reported. The measured resonant nonlinear refractive index, (6.75 ± 0.55) × 10(-15) m(2) W(-1), represents an improvement of >50×.
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| 27. |
- Engholm, M., et al.
(författare)
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A structural investigation of a synthesized precursor for optical fiber applications : the heterobimetallic ErNb2(OPri)(13)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Optical materials (Amsterdam). - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-3467 .- 1873-1252. ; 29:4, s. 386-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A structural investigation of a synthesized precursor in a silica glass matrix is performed. Silica soot samples are doped with the heterobimetallic precursor ErNb2(OPri)13 by using a conventional solution doping technique and heat treatments to different temperatures. The precursor has also been introduced into a silica fiber preform by using the modified chemical vapor deposition technique. Analyses are made by using ultraviolet–visible–near infrared absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. It is concluded that an immiscible system of ErNbO4 crystallites and Nb2O5 is formed in the silica soot samples at high temperatures. Colloidal particles of ErNbO4 are also formed in the silica glass fiber preform showing interesting features.
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| 31. |
- Engholm, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Improved photodarkening resistivity in ytterbium-doped fiber lasers by cerium codoping
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 34:8, s. 1285-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that the photodarkening resistivity of ytterbium-doped fiber lasers can be greatly improved by cerium codoping. It is suggested that the coexistence of the redox couple Ce3+⁄Ce4+ in the glass provides means for trapping both hole- and electron-related color centers that are responsible for the induced optical losses in Yb-doped fiber lasers.
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| 36. |
- Garcia-Ruiz, A., et al.
(författare)
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Hermetic all-fiber phase modulators using Joule heating in carbon-coated fibers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - Washington, D.C. : OSA - The Optical Society. - 9781557528209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain applications of fiber sensors (e.g. avionics, oil industry) imply extreme operating conditions spurring the development of hermetic all-fiber devices. We present a hermetic all-fiber phase modulator based on Joule heating in a carbon-coated fiber.
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| 37. |
- Gustavsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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First observations of X-mode suppression of O-mode HF enhancements at 6300 angstrom
- 2009
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 36, s. L20102-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present observations of radio induced optical emissions from a HAARP experiment with simultaneous transmission in X and O-mode. The additional transmission of X-mode with a frequency 700 kHz higher than the O-mode, reduces the enhancement of the 6300 A emission. This suggests that the wave-plasma process that energizes the electrons, which excites oxygen to the O(D-1) state, is closely connected to the excitation of upper-hybrid waves, whose onset and initial growth are reduced by additional X-mode pumping. Citation: Gustavsson, B., R. Newsome, T. B. Leyser, M. J. Kosch, L. Norin, M. McCarrick, T. Pedersen, and B. J. Watkins (2009), First observations of X-mode suppression of O-mode HF enhancements at 6300 angstrom, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L20102, doi:10.1029/2009GL039421.
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| 38. |
- Hergott, JF, et al.
(författare)
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XUV interferometry using high-order harmonics: Application to plasma diagnostics
- 2001
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Ingår i: Laser and Particle Beams. - 0263-0346. ; 19:1, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present and compare the two different XUV interferometric techniques using high-order harmonics that have been developed so far. The first scheme is based on the interference between two spatially separated phase-locked harmonic sources while the second uses two temporally separated harmonic sources. These techniques have been applied to plasma diagnostics in feasibility experiments where electron densities up to a few 1020 e[minus sign/cm3 have been measured with a temporal resolution of 200 fs. We present the main characteristics of each technique and discuss their respective potentials and limitations.
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| 45. |
- Högberg, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of transition metal carbides and superlattices using C-60 as carbon source
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. - 0013-4651. ; 147:9, s. 3361-3369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of TiC, VC, and NbC have been deposited on MgO(001) by coevaporation of the metals and C-60 It was found that these metals induced a decomposition of the C-60 molecule and that carbide films can be formed at a temperature as low as 100 degrees
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| 46. |
- Inzunza, J, et al.
(författare)
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Germfree status of mice obtained by embryo transfer in an isolator environment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Laboratory animals. - : SAGE Publications. - 0023-6772 .- 1758-1117. ; 39:4, s. 421-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The technique of embryo transfer has been evaluated for the purpose of changing the mouse stocks to a germfree (GF) status. Our results show reproducible and quality-assured conversion of animals to those which are negative for the presence of microorganisms. Rapid and easy access to GF mice is advantageous for studies of selected microflora and their cross-talks with the host, when applying, e.g. genomic, proteomic and metabolic methodology. The study involved embryo transfer in an isolator environment, thereby allowing implantation of cleansed embryos into GF recipients under well-controlled conditions. The recipient females gave birth normally and took care of the offspring as if they were their own pups, thus enhancing the survival rate. Access to full technical resources required to maintain GF isolators are, however, a prerequisite. In this study, we used stainless steel isolators designed by Gustafsson (1959), on which a stereomicroscope was mounted to facilitate embryo transfer inside the isolator. The use of embryo transfer and isolator techniques will facilitate the availability of various mouse mutant models under different gnotobiotic conditions, GF, monoxenic or polyxenic animals, to enable comparison with conventional animals for physiological and pathophysiological studies.
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| 47. |
- Jansson, U, et al.
(författare)
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Low temperature epitaxial growth of metal carbides using fullerenes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 142-144, s. 817-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epitaxial transition metal carbides can be deposited at low temperatures by simultaneous evaporation of C60 and either metal e-beam evaporation or metal d.c. magnetron sputtering. Hitherto, epitaxial films of TiC, VC, NbC, MoC, W2C and WC have been deposited on MgO(100), MgO(111) and in some cases 6H- and 4H-SiC(0001). Epitaxial TiC films with a good quality have been deposited at temperatures as low as 100°C with metal sputtering, while somewhat higher temperatures (> 200°C) are required for the other metals. In general, the plasma-assisted process allows lower deposition temperatures than the co-evaporation process. Most carbides can be deposited in a wide range of compositions within their homogeneity ranges by a fine-tuning of the Me/C60 flux. However, the results suggest that the formation of free surface carbon can be a limiting factor. The processes have also been used to deposit superlattices of TiC/NbC and TiC/VC at 400-500°C as well as epitaxial ternary Tix V1-xCy films. Furthermore, epitaxial films of ternary carbides with well-controlled metal concentration profiles can be deposited at temperatures below 500°C. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Jelger, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation-resistant lasing at 980 nm in a Yb/Ce/Al-doped silica fiber
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical physics. - 0740-3224 .- 1520-8540. ; 27:2, s. 338-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we measure how photodarkening affects the optical efficiency for three different Yb/Al-doped silica fibers operating at 980 nm, one of which is codoped with cerium. A volume Bragg grating is used for linewidth control and added rejection of amplified spontaneous emission. Several hours of degradation-resistant operation is obtained with the Ce-codoped fiber, while for the Yb/Al doped fibers a large drop in efficiency is observed within the first hour of operation. Our results show that Yb/Ce/Al-doped fibers could be excellent candidates for high-power 980 nm fiber laser sources.
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| 50. |
- Karlsson, Roger L., et al.
(författare)
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Statistical properties of ionospheric stimulated electromagnetic emissions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 24:7, s. 1851-1859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have analysed the statistical properties of the stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEE) spectral features in the steady state, reached after a long period of continuous HF pumping of the ionosphere in experiments performed at the Sura ionospheric radio research facility in Russia. Using a digital filter bank method, we have been able to analyse complex valued signals within narrow frequency bands. Each of the SEE spectral features are thereby separated into a number of narrow spectral components. Statistical tests were performed for all these spectral components and the distributions of the spectral amplitudes and phases were evaluated. Also, a test for sinusoidal components was performed. These tests showed that all observed SEE features were indistinguishable from coloured Gaussian noise. The test results exclude that the SEE features can be the result of a single isolated coherent process, but does not rule out that there could be many statistically independent parametric wave-wave processes taking place simultaneously at various parts of the HF-pumped ionosphere, as long as the superposition from all these is incoherent. Furthermore, from the test results, we cannot exclude the possibility that the waveforms of some, or all, of the SEE features may be chaotic.
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