| 1. |
- Ek, Kristine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-criteria decision analysis methods to support sustainable infrastructure construction
- 2019
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Ingår i: IABSE Symposium, Guimaraes 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management - Report. ; , s. 1084-1091
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction of infrastructure projects represents a large sustainability impact, both positive and negative. Increased positive and reduced negative impacts can be achieved through better design and planning of the construction. To make more sustainable choices, well‐defined predictive sustainability assessment methods are required. Multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a well-suited method for predictive sustainability assessment. This paper evaluates two MCDA methods for sustainability assessment of infrastructure construction and exemplifies their application with two case studies. The aim of this paper is to discuss if the methods are suitable for identifying the most sustainable alternative during the procurement process of an infrastructure project. It is recommended that MCDA methods are further developed to comply with the recently published EN standard on sustainability assessment of civil engineering works.
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| 2. |
- Brinkhoff, Petra, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Project Risk Assessment in Remediation Projects Prior to Construction: Methodology Development and Case Study Application
- 2015
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Ingår i: Remediation. - : Wiley. - 1051-5658 .- 1520-6831. ; 25:2, s. 117-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Probabilistic economic analysis, including uncertainty of probabilities and consequences of project risks, is not widely used in remediation projects. This article presents a project risk assessment (PRA) method to identify, quantify, and analyze risks in remediation projects. The suggested method is probabilistic and includes uncertainty analysis of input variables based on expert judgment. It was originally developed as a part of a sustainability assessment tool, but is viable as a stand-alone tool for remediation projects. The method is applied to a case study: a former paint factory that is being redeveloped into a residential area. The PRA method is used for analyzing and comparing the project risks associated with four remediation options, all including excavation but with different degrees of onsite treatment. The result of the case study application shows which alternative has the lowest mean risk cost, the highest probability to have the lowest risk cost, and how the risk costs are distributed, but also, importantly, helps the user to prioritize between risk-reduction measures.
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| 3. |
- Ek, Kristine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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A harmonized method for automatable life cycle sustainability performance assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The life cycle sustainability performance of civil engineering works is increasingly important. The possibility to influence the sustainability of a project design is larger in the conceptual stage than in later stages. Better-informed decisions regarding design choices’ impact on sustainability can be made by comparing conceptual project designs based on an assessment of their life cycle sustainability performance. It is essential that concepts are assessed in a harmonized way and compared impartially. Current standards provide the general framework for the assessment of sustainability performance, but do not give detailed guidance on calculation of sustainability indicators and their aggregation. Since design in automated systems is becoming increasingly common, there is a growing need for machine-readable data and automatable assessment methods. Assessment methods which can be applied using open-access data is important to achieve fair competition. This paper aims to provide a method for life cycle sustainability performance assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts, possible to apply using open-access Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and life cycle assessment (LCA) data. The purpose is to enable fair and automatable sustainability assessments of design concepts, to facilitate impartial comparisons of such assessments as a basis for choosing sustainable designs. A literature review of relevant standards and scientific papers on sustainability assessment of construction and civil engineering works was performed. A harmonized, fair and automatable method for life cycle sustainability assessment and comparison of civil engineering works design concepts, well-suited for optimization purposes, is presented. However, the aim currently limits categories and indicators possible to include. The proposed method includes guidance on the calculation of environmental, social and economic indicators, based on LCA, life cycle costing (LCC) and external costs, and aggregation using normalisation and weighting factors of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF). The proposed method allows for an impartial comparison of the sustainability of design concepts, resulting in better-informed decisions.
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| 4. |
- Ek, Kristine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Sustainability Performance Assessment Method for Comparison of Civil Engineering Works Design Concepts: Case Study of a Bridge
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:21, s. 1-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standardized and transparent life cycle sustainability performance assessment methods are essential for improving the sustainability of civil engineering works. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of using a life cycle sustainability assessment method in a road bridge case study. The method is in line with requirements of relevant standards, uses life cycle assessment, life cycle costs and incomes, and environmental externalities, and applies normalization and weighting of indicators. The case study involves a short-span bridge in a design-build infrastructure project, which was selected for its generality. Two bridge design concepts are assessed and compared: a concrete slab frame bridge and a soil-steel composite bridge. Data available in the contractor’s tender phase are used. The two primary aims of this study are (1) to analyse the practical application potential of the method in carrying out transparent sustainability assessments of design concepts in the early planning and design stages, and (2) to examine the results obtained in the case study to identify indicators in different life cycle stages and elements of the civil engineering works project with the largest impacts on sustainability. The results show that the method facilitates comparisons of the life cycle sustainability performance of design concepts at the indicator and construction element levels, enabling better-informed and more impartial design decisions to be made.
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| 5. |
- Hector, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental emission impact from transport during soil remediation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Urban Environment. - 9789400725393 ; 19, s. 439-448
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has identified more than 80 000 potentially contaminated sites in Sweden. One of these is the “former Hexion site” in Mölndal, south of Gothenburg. The property was bought by the construction company NCC in order to build a new housing area. On the site industrial production has been performed for almost 200 years. The products have been chemicals, e g binders for the coatings industry and plastics additives like phthalates. Measured concentrations of pollutants exceed the EPA’s general guidelines on “sensitive land use” and a remediation is necessary.The aim of the present study has been to perform a life cycle assessment of the environmental impact caused by excavation, transports and purification in the remediation, comparing three remediation strategies: Insitu, Exsitu and Exsitu in combination with onsite. Four different options for transportation and receiver/treatment have been analyzed.Exsitu methods were found to cause a much larger environmental load than the insitu. Emissions from the remediation may be reduced by reducing the volume of contaminated soil before transport to landfill. This can be done by pre-treating the soil onsite with sifting or soil washing. Sea transport leads to a high environmental impact. Future reduction of emissions from shipping will make shipping a more competitive choice.
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| 6. |
- Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Organic contaminants in urban sediments and vertical leaching in road ditches
- 2006
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Ingår i: 8th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium, Nicosia, Cyprus, 12-14 June 2006, Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries, Springer, Editors: Morrison, G.M., Rauch, S., 12. - 9781402060090
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a study of the environmental impact of organic contaminants emitted from urban traffic and road infrastructure in Göteborg, Sweden. The vertical leaching of organic contaminants in road ditches, and the occurrence of organic contaminants in stormwater sediment, urban soil and shallow groundwater, have also been investigated. A total of 80 specific organic contaminants were analysed in the stormwater sediment sample, and of these as many as 40 specific organic contaminants were identified. The concentration of total semi-volatiles, alkylbenzenes, aliphatics, 4-nonylphenols, total of mono- and di-nonylphenol ethoxylates, carcinogenic US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH–16, diethyl hexylphthalate DEHP and several brominated flame retardants, were all analysed in high concentration. Depth profiles, in clay, clay/sand and sand road ditches, at four places along highway E20, were analysed for a total of 40 specific organic compounds. In the soil profiles, total semi-volatiles (
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| 7. |
- Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Reactive soil barriers for removal of chromium(VI) from contaminated soil
- 2007
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Ingår i: Highway and Urban Environment. Proceedings of the 8th Highway and Urban Environment Symposium. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9781402060090 ; , s. 295-308
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this project was to find effective reactive materials as use in soil-bed barriers, for remediation of soil contaminated with chromium at Stallbacka industrial area in Sweden. Materials with different reduction/ adsorption capacities of Cr(VI)/Cr(III) were tested in laboratory and in a field pilot-scale experiment. Concentrations of total Cr and Cr(VI) in the soil, highly contaminated with ferrochrome slag, were exceeding the guideline values for contaminated sites in Sweden.Zero-valent iron (Fe0) filling, FeSO4 o7H2O, Na2SO3, field pine bark, modified pine bark, pine sawdust, and sphagnum peat were tested in batch or columns in mixture with the contaminated soil. All the materials, except peat, showed a good ability to reduce Cr(VI) in the batch experiments, and were chosen for further dynamic studies in columns. Iron sulphate and sodium sulphite were both shown to have a good ability to quickly reduce Cr(VI) in the columns, but the use might result in leaching of Fe and SO2- 4 to surface and groundwater. For field bark it took a longer time to reduce/ adsorb the same amounts of chromium, but it was functional for a longer time.Reactive soil-bed barriers were constructed in field: soil with embedded layers of FeSO4, pine bark underlying the soil, and soil without any reactive material layer. The iron sulphate was determined not to be suitable for the soil treatment, due to the high percentage of coarse materials in the soil texture, and thereby a quick washout of FeSO4 during the water infiltration. The field reactive soil barrier with pine bark was proven to be effective in reducing Cr(VI), and also had the capacity to adsorb both total and dissolved chromium leaching from the contaminated soil.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic Contamination After Wood Impregnation: Speciation, Sorption and Leaching
- 2010
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Ingår i: Highway and Urban Environment: Proceedings of the 9th Highway and Urban Environment symposium (Alliance for Global Sustainability Bookseries Science and Technology: Tools for Sustainable Development. Vol 17). - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048130443 ; , s. 287-297
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Järlskog, Ida, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Traffic-related microplastic particles, metals, and organic pollutants in an urban area under reconstruction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 106 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C16–C35 fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
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| 10. |
- Mossmark, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Aggressive groundwater chemistry caused by underground constructions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, Norway, August 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When considering the degradation process and lifetime of the support system and equipment in underground facilities, the selection of materials is (normally) based on established criteria for the chemical composition of the groundwater. This is important for decisions regarding the steel quality and protection of reinforcement bolts, as well as the material used for the waterproofing system and lining. The criteria are imposed through groundwater sampling and analysis of groundwater prior to the construction of an underground facility. However, studies of the impact on groundwater chemistry from the construction of underground structures and experiments with groundwater extraction indicate that the groundwater chemistry is likely to change over time. Underground facilities are known to cause hydrological changes, especially during the construction phase. However, extensive monitoring programmes of groundwater chemistry are unusual. To further investigate possible changes of water chemistry due to hydrological changes, an experiment with groundwater extraction has been carried out. The experiment was conducted through the constant extraction of groundwater for a period of five years (between the years 2000 and 2005) from within a small watershed (28000 m2) at Lake Gårdsjön, located 50 km north of Gothenburg in Sweden. The area was also monitored during a few years before the extraction started and during the recovery phase. The area of the experiment is characterized by Precambrian crystalline bedrock covered by a thin overburden of glacial till and organic soils. The extraction caused the runoff from the watershed to decrease by nearly 50 % and the groundwater level to fluctuate more than at a nearby reference area. The hydrological impact of the experiment, with increased groundwater recharge, lead to changes and increased seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the groundwater in the bedrock. The hydrochemical variations were caused by seasonal variations in both the amount of water available for groundwater recharge and the chemical composition of the recharging water. Compared to the reference area, the seasonal variations were observed to increase for all the parameters included in the criteria used by the Swedish authorities for selection of construction materials (pH, hardness (Ca), alkalinity, salinity (EC)). An established method to assess the impact of the water composition on the corrosion of steel materials is the use of Langeliers index. The experiment with groundwater extraction caused a larger fluctuation of Langeliers index in the test area compared to the reference area. The results from the experiment confirm the observations from previous tunnelling projects, and show that the methods commonly used to assess the expected future aggressivity of the groundwater in the planning for underground facilities should be reviewed.
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| 11. |
- Mossmark, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochemical changes caused by underground constructions - A case study of the Kattleberg rail tunnel
- 2015
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Ingår i: Engineering Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7952. ; 191, s. 86-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Afield study was carried out during the construction phase of the Kattleberg rail tunnel in Sweden to improve the understanding of changes in hydrology, hydrogeology and hydrochemistry related to tunnelling and as part of a research programme where the aim was to predict such changes. A significant conclusion from the study is that knowledge and understanding of geology and hydrogeology are paramount to understanding the hydrochemistry and predicting its temporal and spatial variations. In the study, leakage of water into the tunnel during the construction phase caused changes in the hydrogeology with increased groundwater flow and a lowering of the groundwater level in the bedrock and in the overburden, resulting in a change in the hydrochemistry. The hydrochemistry of the runoff water in a shallow stream in the study area was relatively unaffected by tunnel construction work. The stratigraphy at Kattleberg includes a layer of clay, which probably limited hydrological contact between the tunnel and the shallow waters and thus also hydrochemical changes in the stream and surrounding wetland. An observed slight lowering of pH and alkalinity in the groundwater in the bedrock was probably caused by the construction activities. The results from two short (approximately 5 m) groundwater boreholes drilled from inside the tunnel revealed contradictory results because of geological differences. One of the boreholes (drilled in rock with few fractures) was influenced significantly by the waterproofing grout (e.g. pH > 10) while the other (drilled in a fracture zone) revealed hydrochemical conditions similar to those in the surrounding bedrock (e.g. pH 7.5-8.5). Dissolved Fe and Mn were detected in the borehole, which revealed conditions similar to the surrounding bedrock. In the other borehole, the concentrations of Fe and Mn were below the detection limit. The impact of shallow waters was evident in the two boreholes through the presence of DOC. According to the requirements laid down by the Swedish authorities that were in force during construction of the tunnel, reinforcement bolts with complementary protection against corrosion would be required at this location. The Langelier saturation index was calculated for the groundwater in the bedrock and revealed increasingly corrosive properties during the construction period.
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| 12. |
- Mossmark, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrochemical impact of construction of the western section of the Hallandsås rail tunnel in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-9537 .- 1435-9529. ; 76:2, s. 751-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study of the hydrochemicalchanges that took place during construction of a section ofthe Hallandsa°s rail tunnel in southwest Sweden based onmonitoring from spring 2011 to summer 2012. Leakageinto the tunnel during construction caused lowering of thegroundwater levels, which in turn resulted in a decrease inor absence of base flow in the streams. The water in thestreams became dominated by meteoric water during thedrawdown periods. Meanwhile, wetlands were aerated, andoxygen could penetrate to oxidise reduced S, releasingacids and SO4. The results for the groundwater in thebedrock differed spatially depending on local geologicalconditions. In each of the three monitored boreholes,higher redox potentials, higher concentrations of organicmatter and lower concentrations of dissolved Mn and Fewere observed. In two of the boreholes, oxidation of pyrite,FeS2, present as a fracture mineral, caused the formation ofSO4 and acids with subsequent falls in pH and alkalinity.Leakage into underground constructions generally shortensthe residence time of the groundwater significantly. Silicate weathering would thus become less important for thehydrochemistry compared to processes that occur duringshorter time frames. As regards the durability of the tunnel, the hydrochemical changes observed in two of the three boreholes indicate a more aggressive environment forseveral parameters known to increase corrosivity of steel.The recovery of the groundwater levels occurred rapidlyfollowing completion of the waterproofing systems in theTunnel. However, hydrochemical recovery with regard tomajor ions and pH occurred gradually and with an expectedduration of several years.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Norin, Malin, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Leaching of organic contaminants from storage of reclaimed asphalt pavement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology (United Kingdom). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 25:3, s. 323-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recycling of asphalt has been promoted by rapid increases in both the use and price of petroleum‐based bitumen. Semi‐volatile organic compounds in leachates from reclaimed asphalt pavement, measured in field samples and in laboratory column test, were analysed through a GC/MS screen‐test methodology. Sixteen PAH (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) were also analysed in leachates from the column study. The highest concentrations of semi‐volatile compounds, ‐ 400 μg 1‐1, were measured in field samples from the scarified stockpile. Naphthalene, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) were the most dominant of the identified semi‐volatiles. The occurrence of these compounds in urban groundwater, also indicate high emission rates and persistent structures of the compounds, making them potentially hazardous. Car exhausts, rubber tires and the asphalt material itself are all probable emission sources, determined from the organic contaminants released from the stockpiles. The major leaching mechanism indicated was dissolution of organic contaminants from the surface of the asphalt gravels. In the laboratory column test, the release of high‐molecular weight and more toxic PAH was higher in the leachates after two years than at the commencement of storage. The concentrations of semi‐volatiles in leachates, were also several times lower than those from the field stockpile. These results demonstrate the need to follow up laboratory column test with real field measurements.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Norin, Malin, 1967
(författare)
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Subsurface Environmental Impact in Urban Areas. Shallow Groundwater Composition, Corrosion of Soil-Buried Constructions, and Leachates from Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Worldwide, groundwater represents the largest and most important source of potable water. Usually, urbanisation affects shallow urban aquifers in two ways: by radically changing patterns and rates of aquifer recharge, and by adversely affecting the quality of groundwater. The overall objective of this thesis is to illuminate multiple subsurface environmental problems in urban areas. The urban environment, first described generally, is thereafter treated from three angles: (1) leakage water from stockpile storage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a source of groundwater contamination; (2) urban shallow groundwater quality, exemplified by the conditions in Göteborg; and (3) corrosion of soil-buried structures as an effect of the composition of the soil, soil water and groundwater. In the asphalt investigation both field and laboratory works were included. Several semi-volatile compounds were identified frequently in the leakage water from the field stockpiles. The laboratory column test differs in that the concentrations of the compounds were much lower, and the compounds were fewer and to some extent different. The main reason was the much higher ratio of liquid to solid in the column tests than in the field. The most common semi-volatile compounds found in the leakage water from RAP were also observed in shallow urban groundwater, the quality of which was investigated in eighteen observation wells; it was shown that the quality differs greatly from that of rural areas, normally by greater ion strength and a much higher alkalinity. Although the composition of the filling material caused the high alkalinity, the natural geological material also had an influence. The soil analysis from the field corrosion investigation showed large differences between samples taken from places as close to each other as half a metre, which highlights the heterogeneity of the filling material. Results showed that the heterogeneity of the filling material stimulated the corrosion process of soil-buried panels of carbon steel and zinc; however, the high alkalinity of the soil water and the groundwater and the high total hardness of the filling material both retard the corrosion rate.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Cirkulär hantering av förorenade massor. Utveckling av metod för ökad återvinning
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Land development, land remediation and infrastructure projects deal with large quantities of contaminated soil masses. Only a small part of the masses is recycled after treatment and a large part is deposited. At the same time, large quantities of new soil and rock materials must be quarried for construction work. An increased recycling of contaminated masses that is environmentally sound and safe from a human health perspective would make an important contribution to the improved resource management that characterizes a circular economy. This would lead to reduced transports, reduced volumes of deposited waste and a more sustainable management of contaminated masses. The project has analyzed various instruments in society with a view to examining the obstacles and opportunities for increased recycling of contaminated soil masses. The socio-economic benefits to society with an increased recovery of contaminated soil masses have been described in general terms. A method has been developed to provide different actors with a tool for classifying the suitability of soil masses for environmentally- and health-safe reuse. Such a method provides greater competitiveness of entrepreneurs with the ability and knowledge to carry out such recycling. The overall conclusion of this work is that there are significant potential socio-economic benefits from an increased recovery of contaminated soil masses. Several possible measures have been identified that could be useful to lead to an increase in the recovery of contaminated soil slabs in society: • Better adaptation of the environmental quality requirements of soil masses to the actual land use of the area where recycled masses can be potentially used • Reduced administration for using recycled masses • Increase the allowed storage time before disposal • Increase the requirements for treatment of masses before disposal • Introduce taxes on masses that are possible to pre-treat before disposal • Introduce landfill tax and increase landfill fees for inert soil masses • Increased on-site treatment (in situ and ex situ) • Introduce more innovative procurement and choice between execution or turnkey contracting • Calculate key figures for the recycling of contaminated soil masses • Develop and apply a standardized and well-founded classification of different the environmental and technological potential of masses for recycling. A proposed method has been developed and described in this study. Recycling of soil masses thus requires consideration of a variety of factors. The focus of the classification methodology developed here is on the environmental and technical characteristics of the soil mass. However, as described above, for the soil mass to be recycled also conditions other than the environmental and technical characteristics of the masses need to be fulfilled. We therefore propose that the classification of soil masses be seen as part of a step-by-step process in which different actors in society must act in order for increased recycling to be possible. We propose that the step-by-step process of circular management of contaminated masses, as well as for other types of waste, should, as far as possible, be based on the so-called “waste hierarchy”. In order to promote an increased degree of recycling, some efforts have been proposed that different actors can implement within the different levels of the waste hierarchy. It has not been possible to carry out a full analysis of opportunities for the various actors, but the proposals should be seen as a basis for a further development.
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| 19. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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SCORE: A novel multi-criteria decision analysis approach to assessing the sustainability of contaminated land remediation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 511, s. 621-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method provides for a comprehensive and transparent basis for performing sustainability assessments. Development of a relevant MCDA-method requires consideration of a number of key issues, e.g. (a) definition of assessment boundaries, (b) definition of performance scales, both temporal and spatial, (c) selection of relevant criteria (indicators) that facilitate a comprehensive sustainability assessment while avoiding double-counting of effects, and (d) handling of uncertainties. Adding to the complexity is the typically wide variety of inputs, including quantifications based on existing data, expert judgements, and opinions expressed in interviews. The SCORE (Sustainable Choice Of REmediation) MCDA-method was developed to provide a transparent assessment of the sustainability of possible remediation alternatives for contaminated sites relative to a reference alternative, considering key criteria in the economic, environmental, and social sustainability domains. The criteria were identified based on literature studies, interviews and focus-group meetings. SCORE combines a linear additive model to rank the alternatives with a non-compensatory approach to identify alternatives regarded as non-sustainable. The key strengths of the SCORE method are as follows: a framework that at its core is designed to be flexible and transparent; the possibility to integrate both quantitative and qualitative estimations on criteria; its ability, unlike other sustainability assessment tools used in industry and academia, to allow for the alteration of boundary conditions where necessary; the inclusion of a full uncertainty analysis of the results, using Monte Carlo simulation; and a structure that allows preferences and opinions of involved stakeholders to be openly integrated into the analysis. A major insight from practical application of SCORE is that its most important contribution may be that it initiates a process where criteria otherwise likely ignored are addressed and openly discussed between stakeholders.
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| 20. |
- Rosen, Lars, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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SCORE: Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) for Sustainability Appraisal of Remedial Alternatives
- 2013
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Ingår i: R.R. Sirabian and R. Darlington (Chairs), Bioremediation and Sustainable Environmental Technologies—2013. Second International Symposium on Bioremediation and Sustainable Environmental Technologies (Jacksonville, FL; June 10–13, 2013). - 9780981973074
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For comprehensive and transparent appraisal of sustainability, multicriteria analysis (MCA) is often suggested. Development of a relevant MCA-method requires consideration of a number of key issues, e.g., (a) definition of assessment boundaries; (b) definition of performance scales, both temporal and spatial; (c) selection of relevant criteria (indicators) that facilitates a comprehensive sustainability appraisal while avoiding double-counting of effects; and (d) handling of uncertainties. Adding to the complexity is the typically wide variety of inputs, including uantifications based on existing data, expert judgments, and opinions expressed in interviews. The sustainable choice of remediation (SCORE) MCA-method is developed to provide a transparent appraisal of the sustainability of possible remediation alternatives relative to a reference alternative, considering key criteria in the economic, environmental and social domains. The criteria were identified based on extensive literature studies and focus-group meetings. The economic domain has one key criterion: social profitability, evaluated by cost-benefit analysis. The environmental domain criteria are: soil, surface water, groundwater, sediment, air, non-recyclable waste, and non-renewable natural resources. The social domain criteria are: local environmental quality & amenity; cultural heritage; equity; health and safety; local participation; and local acceptance. SCORE combines a linear additive model to rank the alternatives with outranking to identify alternatives regarded as non-sustainable. The method is capable of integrating quantitative and qualitative estimations of criteria and provides a full uncertainty analysis of the results, using Monte Carlo simulation. Most importantly, it provides a structure that allows preferences and opinions of involved stakeholders to be openly integrated into the analysis.
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